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id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-技术特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#技术特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>技术特性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-技术特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关RFC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关RFC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相关RFC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关RFC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中间系统到中间系统</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。22种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بروتوكول الربط بين الأنظمة الوسيطية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول الربط بين الأنظمة الوسيطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_System_to_Intermediate_System" title="Intermediate System to Intermediate System – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Intermediate System to Intermediate System" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="سامانه حدواسط به سامانه حدواسط – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه حدواسط به سامانه حدواسط" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_System-to-Intermediate_System" title="Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IS-IS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10589" title="ISO 10589 – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="ISO 10589" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1165964#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/TCP/IP%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="TCP/IP协议族">網際網路协议套組</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82" title="应用层">應用層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="边界网关协议">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="动态主机设置协议">DHCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="域名系统">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="文件传输协议">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输协议">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输安全协议">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网信息访问协议">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="轻型目录访问协议">LDAP</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒體閘道控制協定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media Gateway Control Protocol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E9%96%98%E9%81%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒體閘道控制協定（页面不存在）">MGCP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" class="extiw" title="en:Media Gateway Control Protocol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media Gateway Control Protocol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="網路新聞傳輸協定">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="網路時間協定">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E5%B1%80%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="郵局協定">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E9%81%A0%E7%AB%AF%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%BC%E5%8F%AB" title="開放網路運算遠端程序呼叫">ONC/RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="实时传输协议">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%B2%E6%B5%81%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="即時串流協定">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="對話啟動協定">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单邮件传输协议">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单网络管理协议">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%B1%A4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="傳輸層安全性協定">TLS／SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:应用层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82" title="传输层">傳輸層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="用户数据报协议">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="数据拥塞控制协议">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="流控制传输协议">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E9%A2%84%E7%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="资源预留协议">RSVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:传输层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="網絡層">網路層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="网际协议">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="互联网控制消息协议">ICMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%89%88" title="互联网控制消息协议第六版">ICMPv6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="显式拥塞通知">ECN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网组管理协议">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88" title="开放式最短路径优先">OSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="路由信息协议">RIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:网络层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%B1%A4" title="連結層">連結層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="地址解析协议">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BB%E5%B1%85%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="邻居发现协议">NDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="隧道协议">Tunnels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%82%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="第二层隧道协议">L2TP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="点对点协议">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="介质访问控制">MAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="以太网">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF" title="数字用户线路">DSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91" title="综合业务数字网">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="光纤分布式数据接口">FDDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:链路协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:网络协议"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于<b>ISIS</b>的其他意义，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-disambig" title="ISIS">ISIS</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>中间系统到中间系统</b>（<b>IS-IS</b>，Intermediate system to intermediate system，读作“i-sys”）是一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="内部网关协议">内部网关协议</a>，是电信运营商普遍采用的内部网关协议之一。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>标准的<b>IS-IS协议</b>是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际标准化组织">国际标准化组织</a>制定的ISO/IEC 10589:2002 所规范的。但是标准的IS-IS协议是为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无连接网络服务（页面不存在）">无连接网络服务</a>（CLNS）设计的，并不直接适合于IP网络，因此<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%84" title="互联网工程任务组">互联网工程任务组</a>制定可以适用于IP网络的集成化的IS-IS协议，称为集成IS-IS，它由RFC 1195等RFC文档所规范。由于IP网络的普遍存在，一般所称的IS-IS协议，通常是指集成IS-IS协议。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1985年，<a href="/wiki/DEC" class="mw-redirect" title="DEC">DEC</a>制定作为<a href="/w/index.php?title=DECnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECnet（页面不存在）">DECnet</a>路由协议的DECnet Phase V Routing，这是IS-IS协议的前身。1988年，国际标准化组织将其接纳为国际标准，并改为现名。1990年2月，互联网工程任务组发布RFC 1142，将其接纳为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="互联网标准">互联网标准</a>。同年12月，互联网工程任务组又发布使IS-IS协议能够适用于TCP/IP网络的技术规范RFC 1195。<sup id="cite_ref-ciscopress_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciscopress-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1991年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E7%A7%91%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="思科公司">思科公司</a>开始在其路由器的操作系统<a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">IOS</a>中提供IS-IS协议的支持，<sup id="cite_ref-ciscopress_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciscopress-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这意味着IS-IS协议初步具备在TCP/IP环境下实施的条件。 </p><p>1995年，开始有<a href="/wiki/ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISP</a>尝试在商用网络中使用IS-IS协议。<sup id="cite_ref-ciscopress_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciscopress-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>随着使用者的增多，IS-IS协议已经成为最常使用的路由协议之一。 </p><p>1999年2月，IS-IS流量工程（IS-IS-TE）作为互联网草案被提出。<sup id="cite_ref-draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2004年6月，IS-IS流量工程被接纳为互联网标准，编号RFC 3784。2008年10月，随着新的IS-IS流量工程标准RFC 5305的颁布，原标准RFC 3784被同时废止。 </p><p>2000年1月1日，对<a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>的支持作为互联网草案被提出。<sup id="cite_ref-draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>经过多番修改，在IS-IS协议中支持IPv6的标准在2008年10月被正式接纳为互联网标准，编号RFC 5308。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="技术特性"><span id=".E6.8A.80.E6.9C.AF.E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>技术特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：技术特性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IS-IS协议是一种基于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="链路状态算法（页面不存在）">链路状态算法</a>的路由协议，这意味着作为中间系统的路由器，必须完全知晓自己所在区域内部所有其它的路由器和它们的链路状态。IS-IS协议通过发送<a href="/wiki/LSP" class="mw-disambig" title="LSP">LSP</a>（链路状态协议数据单元）进行路由信息通告，通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hello_PDU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hello PDU（页面不存在）">Hello PDU</a>发现邻居和建立邻接，<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="序号协议数据单元（页面不存在）">SNP</a>（序号协议数据单元）确保路由器持有最新的、有效的LSP。路由器在接收到的LSP的基础上，通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最短路径优先（页面不存在）">SPF</a>（最短路径优先）算法最终确定路由表。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IS-IS协议把路由器分为三种：L1路由器、L2路由器和L1/L2路由器。其中，L1路由器是为端系统（比如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91" title="个人电脑">个人电脑</a>）直接提供服务的路由器，L2路由器是骨干路由器。L1/L2路由器向L1路由器隐藏骨干区域的细节，并负责将由L1路由器组成的非骨干区域的数据请求转发到由L2路由器组成的骨干区域。 </p><p>和<a href="/wiki/OSPF" class="mw-redirect" title="OSPF">OSPF</a>协议直接使用IP地址标识路由器不同，IS-IS协议使用OSI的地址方案<a href="/w/index.php?title=NASP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASP（页面不存在）">NASP</a>标识路由器节点。因此，纯粹的IS-IS协议并不直接适合于IP网络；而集成IS-IS能够实现IP路由的关键，在于RFC 1195引入携带IP路由信息的CLV字段。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关RFC"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3RFC"></span>相关RFC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：相关RFC"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1142">RFC 1142</a>：OSI IS-IS Intra-domain Routing Protocol</li> <li><a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1195">RFC 1195</a>：Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments</li> <li><a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5305">RFC 5305</a>：IS-IS Extensions for Traffic Engineering</li> <li><a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5308">RFC 5308</a>：Routing IPv6 with IS-IS</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1aq" title="IEEE 802.1aq">IEEE 802.1aq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shortest_Path_Bridging" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortest Path Bridging">Shortest Path Bridging</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（美）Abe Martey 著，凡璇、侯志荣译：《IS-IS网络设计解决方案》，人民邮电出版社，2002年第1版，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7115105448" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-115-10544-8</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciscopress-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciscopress_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciscopress_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciscopress_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Paquet、Diane Teare：《Configuring IS-IS Protocol》，<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31319">http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31319</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200210043721/http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31319">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henk Smit、Tony Li：《IS-IS extensions for Traffic Engineering》，<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191206203247/http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-isis-traffic-00">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian E. Hopps：《Routing IPv6 with IS-IS》，<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191204095757/http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-00">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">杭州华三通信技术有限公司：《IS-IS for IPv6技术白皮书》，<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.h3c.com.cn/Products___Technology/Technology/Router/Other_technology/Technology_book/200804/603578_30003_0.htm">http://www.h3c.com.cn/Products___Technology/Technology/Router/Other_technology/Technology_book/200804/603578_30003_0.htm</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081121113731/http://www.h3c.com.cn/Products___Technology/Technology/Router/Other_technology/Technology_book/200804/603578_30003_0.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（美）Zaheer Aziz、Johnson Liu、Abe Martey、Faraz Shamim 著，卢泽新、白建军、朱培栋、朱珂译：《IP路由协议疑难解析》，人民邮电出版社，2008年第2版，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787115182746" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-115-18274-6</a></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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