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<li id="toc-War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Utility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Recreational</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bicycle_touring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_touring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Bicycle touring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_touring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organized_rides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organized_rides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Organized rides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organized_rides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Mountain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Activism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Activism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Activism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Equality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Equality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling_as_a_means_of_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling_as_a_means_of_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cycling as a means of transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling_as_a_means_of_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exercise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Exercise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Mental health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bicycle safety</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bicycle_safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bicycle safety subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_trauma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_trauma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Physical trauma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_trauma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overuse_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overuse_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Overuse injuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overuse_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saddle_related" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saddle_related"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Saddle related</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saddle_related-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exposure_to_air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exposure_to_air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Exposure to air pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exposure_to_air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cycling</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fietsry" title="Fietsry – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fietsry" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hw%C4%93olrinnung" title="Hwēolrinnung – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hwēolrinnung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ركوب الدراجات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ركوب الدراجات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismo" title="Ciclismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciclismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicllismo" title="Cicllismo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cicllismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismu" title="Ciclismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciclismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velosiped_idman%C4%B1" title="Velosiped idmanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Velosiped idmanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="সাইকেল চালনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইকেল চালনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basapida" title="Basapida – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basapida" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Колоездене – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колоездене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biciklizam" title="Biciklizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biciklizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%27hhouarnerezh" title="Marc'hhouarnerezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marc'hhouarnerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclisme" title="Ciclisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciclisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyklistika" title="Cyklistika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cyklistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiclo" title="Seiclo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seiclo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cykling" title="Cykling – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cykling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrradfahren" title="Fahrradfahren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fahrradfahren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalgrattas%C3%B5it" title="Jalgrattasõit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jalgrattasõit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ποδηλασία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ποδηλασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismo" title="Ciclismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciclismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biciklado" title="Biciklado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biciklado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismu" title="Ciclismu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ciclismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txirrindularitza" title="Txirrindularitza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txirrindularitza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دوچرخه‌سواری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوچرخه‌سواری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclisme" title="Cyclisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cyclisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotha%C3%ADocht" title="Rothaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rothaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismo" title="Ciclismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciclismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%83%80%EA%B8%B0" title="자전거 타기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자전거 타기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biciklizam" title="Biciklizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biciklizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biciklagado" title="Biciklagado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biciklagado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bersepeda" title="Bersepeda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bersepeda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%B3lrei%C3%B0ar" title="Hjólreiðar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjólreiðar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismo" title="Ciclismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciclismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רכיבה על אופניים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רכיבה על אופניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyep%C3%A9dhah" title="Nyepédhah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nyepédhah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwrosa" title="Diwrosa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Diwrosa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashindano_ya_baiskeli" title="Mashindano ya baiskeli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mashindano ya baiskeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C3%A7erxesiwar%C3%AE" title="Duçerxesiwarî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Duçerxesiwarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birotatio" title="Birotatio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Birotatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rite%C5%86brauk%C5%A1ana" title="Riteņbraukšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Riteņbraukšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%BEin%C4%97jimas_dvira%C4%8Diu" title="Važinėjimas dviračiu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Važinėjimas dviračiu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jbonunsla" title="jbonunsla – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jbonunsla" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ker%C3%A9kp%C3%A1roz%C3%A1s" title="Kerékpározás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kerékpározás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Велосипедизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Велосипедизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="സൈക്കിളിംഗ്‌ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈക്കിളിംഗ്‌" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aikli%C5%BCmu" title="Ċikliżmu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċikliżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba_basikal" title="Lumba basikal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lumba basikal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="စက်ဘီးစီးခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက်ဘီးစီးခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fietsen" title="Fietsen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fietsen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="サイクリング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイクリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykling" title="Sykling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sykling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykling" title="Sykling – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sykling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclisme" title="Ciclisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ciclisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਸਾਈਕਲਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਈਕਲਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazda_na_rowerze" title="Jazda na rowerze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jazda na rowerze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismo" title="Ciclismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciclismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclism" title="Ciclism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciclism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisiklita_yallinakuy" title="Bisiklita yallinakuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bisiklita yallinakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Езда на велосипеде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Езда на велосипеде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87iklizmi" title="Çiklizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çiklizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclismu" title="Ciclismu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciclismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyklistika" title="Cyklistika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cyklistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolesarstvo" title="Kolesarstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бициклизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бициклизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biciklizam" title="Biciklizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biciklizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py%C3%B6r%C3%A4ily" title="Pyöräily – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyöräily" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cykling" title="Cykling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cykling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="การปั่นจักรยาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปั่นจักรยาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisiklet_sporu" title="Bisiklet sporu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bisiklet sporu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welosiped_b%C3%A4s%C2%ADle%C2%AD%C5%9Fi%C2%ADgi" title="Welosiped bäsleşigi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Welosiped bäsleşigi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Їзда на велосипеді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Їзда на велосипеді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سائیکلنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سائیکلنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%DB%90%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%BE%D9%89%D8%AA_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ۋېلىسىپىت تەنھەرىكىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋېلىسىپىت تەنھەرىكىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1p_xe" title="Đạp xe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đạp xe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclisse" title="Ciclisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ciclisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B8%8F%E8%BD%A6" title="踏车 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="踏车" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Riding a bicycle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bicycling" and "Biking" redirect here. For the magazine, see <a href="/wiki/Bicycling_(magazine)" title="Bicycling (magazine)">Bicycling (magazine)</a>. For the Frank Ocean song, see <a href="/wiki/Biking_(song)" title="Biking (song)">Biking (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cyclist" redirects here. For the magazine, see <a href="/wiki/Cyclist_(magazine)" title="Cyclist (magazine)">Cyclist (magazine)</a>. For the 1987 Iranian film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Cyclist" title="The Cyclist">The Cyclist</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the sport of cycling, see <a href="/wiki/Cycling_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling (sport)">Cycling (sport)</a>. For the hockey strategy, see <a href="/wiki/Cycling_(ice_hockey)" title="Cycling (ice hockey)">Cycling (ice hockey)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg/220px-Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg/330px-Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg/440px-Cycliste_%C3%A0_place_d%27Italie-Paris_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2384" data-file-height="1986" /></a><figcaption>European <a href="/wiki/City_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="City bike">city bike</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg/220px-Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg/330px-Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg/440px-Two_siblings_on_their_way_home_after_school.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5496" data-file-height="3653" /></a><figcaption>Children riding a bike in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cycling</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>bicycling</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>biking</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the activity of riding a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> or other type of cycle. It encompasses the use of <a href="/wiki/Human-powered_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-powered vehicles">human-powered vehicles</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Balance_bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance bikes">balance bikes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicycles">unicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricycles">tricycles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quadricycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadricycles">quadricycles</a>. Cycling is practised around the world for purposes including <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Competitive_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive sport">competitive sport</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_cycling" title="History of cycling">History of cycling</a></div> <p>Cycling became popularized in Europe and North America in the latter part and especially the last decade of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, over 50 percent of the human population knows how to ride a bike.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War">War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_infantry" title="Bicycle infantry">Bicycle infantry</a></div> <p>The bicycle has been used as a method of reconnaissance as well as transporting soldiers and supplies to combat zones. In this it has taken over many of the functions of <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">horses in warfare</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, both sides used bicycles for scouting. In World War I, France, Germany, Australia and New Zealand used bicycles to move troops. In its 1937 invasion of China, Japan employed some 50,000 bicycle troops, and similar forces were instrumental in Japan's <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">march or "roll" through Malaya</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Germany used bicycles again in World War II, while the British employed airborne "Cycle-commandos" with <a href="/wiki/Folding_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="Folding bike">folding bikes</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, communist forces used bicycles extensively as cargo carriers along the <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh Trail">Ho Chi Minh Trail</a>. </p><p>The last country known to maintain a regiment of bicycle troops was Switzerland, which disbanded its last unit in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a></div> <table role="presentation" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; clear:right; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"> <div style="position:relative; width:220px; height:293px; overflow:hidden; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style="left:0px; top:0px; width:220px; position:absolute"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg" title="commons:File:Cycling kit full body.jpg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg/220px-Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg/330px-Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg/440px-Cycling_kit_full_body.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="8064" /></a></span> </div> <div style="text-align:center; font-size:10px; line-height:110%"> <div style="background-color:transparent; color:black"><div id="annotation_58x15" style="position:absolute; left:58px; top:15px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling helmet">helmet</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_58x95" style="position:absolute; left:58px; top:95px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">jersey</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_44x146" style="position:absolute; left:44px; top:146px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling gloves">gloves</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_44x175" style="position:absolute; left:44px; top:175px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">bib shorts</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_66x234" style="position:absolute; left:66px; top:234px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Socks" class="mw-redirect" title="Socks">socks</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_44x256" style="position:absolute; left:44px; top:256px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling shoes">shoes</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"><div style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="The image above contains clickable links"><img alt="The image above contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/27px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/36px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div>Road cyclists often wear tight-fitting clothing to improve performance and comfort for competitions. Here, a cyclist wears a summer team <a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">cycling kit</a> made with <a href="/wiki/Lycra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycra">Lycra</a> material and a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">helmet.</a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/220px--Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Cycling_in_Alabama.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Cycling_in_Alabama.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm/Cycling_in_Alabama.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video of a recreational cycling ride in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In many countries, the most commonly used vehicle for road transport is a <a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">utility bicycle</a>. These have frames with relaxed geometry, protecting the rider from shocks of the road and easing steering at low speeds. Utility bicycles tend to be equipped with accessories such as mudguards, pannier racks and lights, which extends their usefulness on a daily basis. Since the bicycle is so effective as a means of transportation, various companies have developed methods of carrying anything from the weekly shop to children on bicycles. Certain countries rely heavily on bicycles and their culture has developed around the bicycle as a primary form of transport. In Europe, Denmark and the Netherlands have the most bicycles per capita and most often use bicycles for everyday transport.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Road bikes tend to have a more upright shape and a shorter wheelbase, which make the bike more mobile but harder to ride slowly. The design, coupled with low or dropped handlebars, requires the rider to bend forward more, making use of stronger muscles (particularly the <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus maximus muscle">gluteus maximus</a>) and reducing air resistance at high speed. </p><p>Road bikes are designed for speed and efficiency on paved roads. They are characterized by their lightweight frames, skinny tires, drop handlebars, and narrow saddles. Road bikes are ideal for racing, long-distance riding, and fitness training. </p><p>Other common types of bikes include <a href="/wiki/Gravel_bicycle" title="Gravel bicycle">gravel bikes</a>, designed for use on gravel roads or trails, but with the ability to ride well on pavement; <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain bikes">mountain bikes</a>, which are designed for more rugged, undulating terrain; and <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">e-bikes</a>, which provide some level of motorized assist for the rider. There are additional variations of bikes and types of biking as well.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The price of a new bicycle can range from US$50 to more than US$20,000 (the highest priced bike in the world is the custom Madone by <a href="/wiki/Damien_Hirst" title="Damien Hirst">Damien Hirst</a>, sold at US$500,000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depending on quality, type and weight (the most exotic road bicycles can weigh as little as 3.2 kg (7 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). However, UCI regulations stipulate a legal <a href="/wiki/Racing_bicycle" title="Racing bicycle">race bike</a> cannot weigh less than 6.8 kg (14.99 lbs). Being measured for a bike and taking it for a test ride are recommended before buying. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bicycle#Drivetrain_and_gearing" title="Bicycle">drivetrain</a> components of the bike should also be considered. A middle grade <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9railleur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dérailleur">dérailleur</a> is sufficient for a beginner, although many utility bikes are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Hub_gear" title="Hub gear">hub gears</a>. If the rider plans a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing_(cycling)" title="Hillclimbing (cycling)">hillclimbing</a>, a triple-chainrings <a href="/wiki/Crankset" title="Crankset">crankset</a> <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_gearing" title="Bicycle gearing">gear system</a> may be preferred. Otherwise, the relatively lighter, simpler, and less expensive double chainring is preferred, even on high-end race bikes. Much simpler fixed wheel bikes are also available. </p><p>Many road bikes, along with mountain bikes, include <a href="/wiki/Clipless_pedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Clipless pedal">clipless pedals</a> to which special shoes attach, via a <a href="/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)" title="Cleat (shoe)">cleat</a>, enabling the rider to pull on the pedals as well as push. Other possible accessories for the bicycle include front and rear lights, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_bell" title="Bicycle bell">bells</a> or horns, child carrying seats, cycling computers with GPS, locks, bar tape, fenders (mud-guards), baggage racks, baggage carriers and pannier bags, water bottles and bottle cages. </p><p>For basic maintenance and repairs cyclists can carry a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_pump" title="Bicycle pump">pump</a> (or a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub> cartridge</a>), a puncture repair kit, a spare inner tube, and <a href="/wiki/Tire_levers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tire levers">tire levers</a> and a set of <a href="/wiki/Allen_keys" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen keys">allen keys</a>. Cycling can be more efficient and comfortable with special <a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">shoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycling_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling gloves">gloves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">shorts</a>. In wet weather, riding can be more tolerable with waterproof clothes, such as cape, jacket, trousers (pants) and overshoes and high-visibility clothing is advisable to reduce the risk from motor vehicle users. </p><p>Items legally required in some jurisdictions, or voluntarily adopted for safety reasons, include <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">bicycle helmets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> generator or battery operated lights, <a href="/wiki/Retroreflector" title="Retroreflector">reflectors</a>, and audible signalling devices such as a bell or horn. Extras include <a href="/wiki/Studded_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Studded tires">studded tires</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Cyclocomputer" title="Cyclocomputer">bicycle computer</a>. </p><p>Bikes can also be heavily customized, with different seat designs and handle bars, for example. <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_gearing" title="Bicycle gearing">Gears</a> can also be customized to better suit the rider's strength in relation to the terrain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skills">Skills</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Skills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many schools and police departments run educational programs to instruct children in bicycle handling skills, especially to introduce them to the <a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">rules of the road</a> as they apply to cyclists. In some countries these may be known as <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">bicycle rodeos</a>, or operated as schemes such as <a href="/wiki/Bikeability" title="Bikeability">Bikeability</a> in the UK. Education for adult cyclists is available from organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/League_of_American_Bicyclists" title="League of American Bicyclists">League of American Bicyclists</a>. </p><p>Beyond simply riding, another skill is riding efficiently and safely in traffic. One popular approach to riding in <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a> traffic is <a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">vehicular cycling</a>, occupying road space as car does. Alternately, in countries such as Denmark and the Netherlands, where cycling is popular, cyclists are often segregated into bike lanes at the side of, or more often separate from, main highways and roads. Many primary schools participate in the national road test in which children individually complete a circuit on roads near the school while being observed by testers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg/220px-Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg/330px-Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg/440px-Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2265" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bike path</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Bike paths are dedicated for cyclists and provide shelter from vehicle traffic.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hundreds of bicycles, grouped in rectangular parking places with driving paths in between." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg/220px-Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg/330px-Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg/440px-Bicycle_Parking_Lot_Niigata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A parking lot for bicycles in <a href="/wiki/Niigata,_Niigata" class="mw-redirect" title="Niigata, Niigata">Niigata</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg/220px-Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg/330px-Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg/440px-Cambridge_CMS_Bicycle_Racks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_stand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle stand">Bicycle stands</a> outside the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. Many students at the university opt to travel by bicycle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cyclists, pedestrians and motorists make different demands on road design which may lead to conflicts. Some jurisdictions give priority to motorized traffic, for example setting up one-way street systems, free-right turns, high capacity roundabouts, and <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">slip roads</a>. Others share priority with cyclists so as to encourage more cycling by applying varying combinations of <a href="/wiki/Traffic_calming" title="Traffic calming">traffic calming</a> measures to limit the impact of motorized transport, and by building <a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">bike lanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bike paths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycle_track" title="Cycle track">cycle tracks</a>. The provision of cycling infrastructure varies widely between cities and countries, particularly since cycling for transportation almost entirely occurs in public streets.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And, the development of computer vision and street view imagery has provided significant potential to assess infrastructure for cyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In jurisdictions where motor vehicles were given priority, cycling has tended to decline while in jurisdictions where cycling infrastructure was built, cycling rates have remained steady or increased.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, extreme measures against cycling may occur. In Shanghai, where bicycles were once the dominant <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_transport" title="Mode of transport">mode of transport</a>, bicycle travel on a few city roads was banned temporarily in December 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In areas in which cycling is popular and encouraged, cycle-parking facilities using <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_stand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle stand">bicycle stands</a>, lockable mini-garages, and patrolled cycle parks are used to reduce theft. Local governments promote cycling by permitting bicycles to be carried on public transport or by providing external <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_carrier" title="Bicycle carrier">attachment devices</a> on public transport vehicles. Conversely, an absence of secure cycle-parking is a recurring complaint by cyclists from cities with low <a href="/wiki/Modal_share" title="Modal share">modal share</a> of cycling. </p><p>Extensive cycling infrastructure may be found in some cities. Such dedicated paths in some cities often have to be shared with in-line skaters, scooters, skateboarders, and pedestrians. Dedicated cycling infrastructure is treated differently in the <a href="/wiki/Bikeway_and_legislation" title="Bikeway and legislation">law</a> of every jurisdiction, including the question of liability of users in a collision. There is also some debate about the <a href="/wiki/Bikeway_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikeway safety">safety</a> of the various types of separated facilities. </p><p>Bicycles are considered a sustainable mode of transport, especially suited for urban use and relatively shorter distances when used for transport (compared to recreation). Case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate this kind of functional cycling in cities can be found at <a href="/wiki/Eltis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eltis">Eltis</a>, Europe's portal for local transport. </p><p>A number of cities, including Paris, London and <a href="/wiki/Bicing" title="Bicing">Barcelona</a>, now have successful <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing">bike hire schemes</a> designed to help people cycle in the city. Typically these feature utilitarian city bikes which lock into docking stations, released on payment for set time periods. Costs vary from city to city. In London, initial hire access costs £2 per day. The first 30 minutes of each trip is free, with £2 for each additional 30 minutes until the bicycle is returned.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG/220px-Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG/330px-Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG/440px-Utrecht-IMG_7481.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The safe physically separated <i>Fietspad</i> in the Netherlands, keeping cyclists away from traffic as seen in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the Netherlands, many roads have one or two separate <a href="/wiki/Cycleway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycleway">cycleways</a> alongside them, or cycle lanes marked on the road. On roads where adjacent bike paths or cycle tracks exist, the use of these facilities is compulsory, and cycling on the main carriageway is not permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 35,000 km of cycle-track has been physically segregated from motor traffic,<sup id="cite_ref-fietsberaad_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fietsberaad-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equal to a quarter of the country's entire 140,000 km road network.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A quarter of all trips in the country are made on bicycles, one quarter of them to work. Even the prime minister goes to work by bicycle, when weather permits. This saves the lives of 6,000 citizens per year, prolongs life expectancy by 6 months, saves the country 20 million dollars per year, and prevents 150 grams of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> from being emitted per kilometer of cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utility">Utility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Utility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut_bunch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bicycle loaded with so many green fruits that the rear wheel can not be seen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coconut_bunch.jpg/220px-Coconut_bunch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coconut_bunch.jpg/330px-Coconut_bunch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coconut_bunch.jpg/440px-Coconut_bunch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>A bicycle loaded with <a href="/wiki/Tender_coconut" class="mw-redirect" title="Tender coconut">tender coconuts</a> for sale in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility cycling</a></div> <p>Utility cycling refers both to cycling as a mode of daily <a href="/wiki/Commuting" title="Commuting">commuting</a> transport as well as the use of a bicycle in a commercial activity, mainly to transport goods, mostly accomplished in an <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban environment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">postal services</a> of many countries have long relied on bicycles. The British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> first started using bicycles in 1880; now bicycle delivery fleets include 37,000 in the UK, 25,700 in Germany, 10,500 in Hungary and 7000 in Sweden. In Australia, Australia Post has also reintroduced bicycle postal deliveries on some routes due to an inability to recruit sufficient licensed riders willing to use their uncomfortable motorbikes. The <a href="/wiki/London_Ambulance_Service" title="London Ambulance Service">London Ambulance Service</a> has recently introduced bicycling <a href="/wiki/Paramedic" title="Paramedic">paramedics</a>, who can often get to the scene of an incident in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">Central London</a> more quickly than a motorized ambulance.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of <a href="/wiki/Police_bicycle" title="Police bicycle">bicycles by police</a> has been increasing, since they provide greater accessibility to bicycle and pedestrian zones and allow access when roads are congested.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, bicycle officers have been used as a supplement or a replacement for horseback officers. </p><p>Bicycles enjoy substantial use as general delivery vehicles in many countries. In the UK and North America, as their first jobs, generations of teenagers have worked at delivering newspapers by bicycle. London has many delivery companies that use bicycles with trailers. Most cities in the West, and many outside it, support a sizeable and visible industry of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_messenger" title="Bicycle messenger">cycle couriers</a> who deliver documents and small packages. In India, many of Mumbai's <a href="/wiki/Dabbawala" title="Dabbawala">Dabbawalas</a> use bicycles to deliver home cooked lunches to the city's workers. In <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia the city's largest bakery recently replaced most of its delivery trucks with bicycles. Even the car industry uses bicycles. At the huge <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Sindelfingen" title="Sindelfingen">Sindelfingen</a>, Germany workers use bicycles, color-coded by department, to move around the factory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational">Recreational</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recreational"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bicycle_touring">Bicycle touring</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bicycle touring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white bicycle parked in the grass." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg/220px-WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg/330px-WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg/440px-WhiteBikesVeluwe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>In the Netherlands, bicycles are freely available for use in the <a href="/wiki/Hoge_Veluwe_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoge Veluwe National Park">Hoge Veluwe National Park</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bikes_in_Portland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Many bicyclists with colorful clothes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bikes_in_Portland.jpg/220px-Bikes_in_Portland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bikes_in_Portland.jpg/330px-Bikes_in_Portland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bikes_in_Portland.jpg/440px-Bikes_in_Portland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Tour de Fat group ride in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bicycles are used for recreation at all ages. <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a>, also known as cyclotourism, involves touring and exploration or sightseeing by bicycle for leisure. Bicycle tourism has been one of the most popular sports for recreational benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(cycling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brevet (cycling)">brevet</a> or randonnée is an organized long-distance ride. </p><p>One popular Dutch pleasure is the enjoyment of relaxed cycling in the <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">countryside</a> of the Netherlands. The land is very flat and full of public <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bicycle trails</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycle_track" title="Cycle track">cycle tracks</a> where cyclists are not bothered by cars and other traffic, which makes it ideal for cycling recreation. Many <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch people</a> subscribe every year to an event called <i><a href="/wiki/Fietsvierdaagse" title="Fietsvierdaagse">fietsvierdaagse</a></i> — four days of organised cycling through the local environment. <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest%E2%80%93Paris" title="Paris–Brest–Paris">Paris–Brest–Paris</a> (PBP), which began in 1891, is the oldest bicycling event still run on a regular basis on the open road, covers over 1,200 km (746 mi) and imposes a 90-hour time limit. Similar if smaller institutions exist in many countries. </p><p>A study conducted in Taiwan improved the environmental quality for bicyclist tourists which demonstrated greater health benefits in tourists and even in natives. The number of bicyclists in Taiwan increased from 700,000 in 2008 to 5.1 million in 2017. Thus, this resulted in more and safer bicycle routes to be established. When cycling, cyclists take into account the safety on the road, bicycle lanes, smooth roads, diverse scenery, and ride length. Thus, the environment plays a huge role in people's decision factor to use bicycle touring more. This study used many questionnaires and conducted statistical analysis to come up with the conclusion of cyclists' top 5 factors that they consider before making a decision to bike are: safety, lighting facility, design of lanes, the surrounding landscape, and how clean the environment is. Thus, after improving these 5 factors, they found much more recreational benefits to bicycle tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Organized_rides">Organized rides</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organized rides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Cycling_club" title="Cycling club">cycling clubs</a> hold organized rides in which bicyclists of all levels participate. The typical organized ride starts with a large group of riders, called the mass, bunch or even <a href="/wiki/Peloton" title="Peloton">peloton</a>. This will thin out over the course of the ride. Many riders choose to ride together in groups of the same skill level to take advantage of <a href="/wiki/Drafting_(racing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drafting (racing)">drafting</a>. </p><p>Most organized rides, for example <a href="/wiki/Cyclosportive" title="Cyclosportive">cyclosportives</a> (or gran fondos), <a href="/wiki/Challenge_riding" title="Challenge riding">Challenge Rides</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reliability_trial" title="Reliability trial">reliability trials</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing_(cycling)" title="Hillclimbing (cycling)">hill climbs</a> include registration requirements and will provide information either through the mail or online concerning start times and other requirements. Rides usually consist of several different routes, sorted by mileage, and with a certain number of rest stops that usually include refreshments, first aid and maintenance tools. Routes can vary by as much as 100 miles (160 km). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg/220px-Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg/330px-Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg/440px-Kluft-photo-2019-07-19-SJBP-regroup2a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>San Jose Bike Party in San Jose, California (July 2019)</figcaption></figure> <p>Some organized rides are entirely social events. One example is the monthly <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Bike_Party" title="San Jose Bike Party">San Jose Bike Party</a> which can reach attendance of one to two thousand riders in Summer months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mountain">Mountain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mountain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> began in the 1970s, originally as a downhill sport, practised on customized <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle" title="Cruiser bicycle">cruiser bicycles</a> around <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tamalpais" title="Mount Tamalpais">Mount Tamalpais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most mountain biking takes place on dirt roads, trails and in purpose-built parks. Downhill mountain biking has just evolved in the recent years and is performed at places such as Whistler Mountain Bike Park. Slopestyle, a form of downhill, is when riders do tricks such as tailwhips, 360s, backflips and front flips. There are several disciplines of mountain biking besides downhill, including: cross country (often referred to as XC), all mountain, trail, free ride, and newly popular <a href="/wiki/Enduro" title="Enduro">enduro</a>. </p><p>In 2020, due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, mountain bikes saw a surge in popularity in the US, with some vendors reporting that they were sold out of bikes under US$1000.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Marching_and_Cycling_Band_HHK" title="Marching and Cycling Band HHK">Marching and Cycling Band HHK</a> from <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a> (the Netherlands) is one of the few marching bands around the world which also performs on bicycles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racing">Racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_(53062211809).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_%2853062211809%29.jpg/220px-TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_%2853062211809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_%2853062211809%29.jpg/330px-TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_%2853062211809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_%2853062211809%29.jpg/440px-TDF31472_groep_met_rodriguez_%2853062211809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6408" data-file-height="4344" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> cyclists racing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_Georget_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white picture of a man on an old bicycle. Another man is holding or pushing the bicycle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Leon_Georget_1909.jpg/220px-Leon_Georget_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Leon_Georget_1909.jpg/330px-Leon_Georget_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Leon_Georget_1909.jpg/440px-Leon_Georget_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4889" data-file-height="3735" /></a><figcaption>Bicycle racing in 1909</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peloton_on_GGB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of bicyclist following a car." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Peloton_on_GGB.jpg/220px-Peloton_on_GGB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Peloton_on_GGB.jpg/330px-Peloton_on_GGB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Peloton_on_GGB.jpg/440px-Peloton_on_GGB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="1943" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Peloton" title="Peloton">peloton</a> of professional bicycle racers on the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycle sport</a></div> <p>Shortly after the introduction of bicycles, competitions developed independently in many parts of the world. Early races involving <a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boneshaker (bicycle)">boneshaker</a> style bicycles were predictably fraught with injuries. Large races became popular during the 1890s "Golden Age of Cycling", with events across Europe, and in the U.S. and Japan as well. At one point, almost every major city in the US had a <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a> or two for <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track racing</a> events, however since the middle of the 20th century cycling has become a minority sport in the US whilst in Continental Europe it continues to be a major sport, particularly in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Italy and Spain. The most famous of all bicycle races is the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a>. This began in 1903, and continues to capture the attention of the sporting world. </p><p>In 1899, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Minthorn_Murphy" title="Charles Minthorn Murphy">Charles Minthorn Murphy</a> became the first man to ride his bicycle a mile in under a minute (hence his nickname, Mile-a-Minute Murphy), which he did by drafting a <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotive</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. </p><p>As the bicycle evolved its various forms, different racing formats developed. Road races may involve both team and individual competition, and are contested in various ways. They range from the one-day road race, <a href="/wiki/Criterium" title="Criterium">criterium</a>, and time trial to multi-stage events like the Tour de France and its sister events which make up cycling's <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour_(cycling)" title="Grand Tour (cycling)">Grand Tours</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">Recumbent bicycles</a> were banned from bike races in 1934 after Marcel Berthet set a new <a href="/wiki/Hour_record" title="Hour record">hour record</a> in his <i>Velodyne streamliner</i> (49.992 km on 18 November 1933). <a href="/wiki/Track_bicycle" title="Track bicycle">Track bicycles</a> are used for <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a> in <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">Velodromes</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">cyclo-cross</a> races are held on outdoor terrain, including pavement, grass, and mud. Cyclocross races feature human-made features such as small barriers which riders either <a href="/wiki/Bunny_hop_(cycling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunny hop (cycling)">bunny hop</a> over or dismount and walk over. <a href="/wiki/Individual_time_trial" title="Individual time trial">Time trial</a> races, another form of road racing require a rider to ride against the clock. Time trials can be performed as a team or as a single rider. Bikes are changed for time trial races, using <a href="/wiki/Aero_bars" class="mw-redirect" title="Aero bars">aero bars</a>. In the past decade, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain bike racing</a> has also reached international popularity and is even an Olympic sport. </p><p>Professional racing organizations place limitations on the bicycles that can be used in the races that they sanction. For example, the Union Cycliste Internationale, the governing body of international cycle sport (which sanctions races such as the Tour de France), decided in the late 1990s to create additional rules which prohibit racing bicycles weighing less than 6.8 kilograms (14.96 pounds). The UCI rules also effectively ban some <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_frame" title="Bicycle frame">bicycle frame</a> innovations (such as the <a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">recumbent bicycle</a>) by requiring a double triangle structure.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism">Activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg/220px-Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg/330px-Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg/440px-Police_cyclists_London_Olympic_Torch_Relay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> patrolling on bikes in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many broad and correlated themes run in bicycle activism: one is about <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_advocacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle advocacy">advocating the bicycle</a> as an alternative mode of transport, and another is about the creation of conditions to permit and/or encourage bicycle use, both for utility and recreational cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the first emphasizes the potential for energy and resource conservation and health benefits gained from cycling versus automobile use, is relatively undisputed, the second is the subject of much debate. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Critical_Mass,_San_Francisco,_April_29,_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Many cyclists on a road, all going in the same direction." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Critical_Mass%2C_San_Francisco%2C_April_29%2C_2005.jpg/220px-Critical_Mass%2C_San_Francisco%2C_April_29%2C_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Critical_Mass%2C_San_Francisco%2C_April_29%2C_2005.jpg/330px-Critical_Mass%2C_San_Francisco%2C_April_29%2C_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Critical_Mass%2C_San_Francisco%2C_April_29%2C_2005.jpg/440px-Critical_Mass%2C_San_Francisco%2C_April_29%2C_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>San Francisco <a href="/wiki/Critical_Mass_(cycling)" title="Critical Mass (cycling)">Critical Mass</a>, 29 April 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>It is generally agreed that improved local and <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">inter-city rail</a> services and other methods of mass transportation (including greater provision for cycle carriage on such services) create conditions to encourage bicycle use. However, there are different opinions on the role of various types of <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling infrastructure</a> in building <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">bicycle-friendly</a> cities and roads. </p><p>Some bicycle activists (including some traffic management advisers) seek the construction of <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bike paths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycle_track" title="Cycle track">cycle tracks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">bike lanes</a> for journeys of all lengths and point to their success in promoting <a href="/wiki/Bike_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike safety">safety</a> and encouraging more people to cycle. Some activists, especially those from the <a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">vehicular cycling</a> tradition, view the safety, practicality, and intent of such facilities with suspicion. They favor a more holistic approach based on <a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology#Accident_prevention_and_improvement_of_traffic_safety" title="Traffic psychology">the 4 'E's</a>: <i>education</i> (of everyone involved), <i>encouragement</i> (to apply the education), <i>enforcement</i> (to protect the rights of others), and <i>engineering</i> (to facilitate travel while respecting every person's equal right to do so). Some groups offer <a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling#Education" title="Vehicular cycling">training courses</a> to help cyclists integrate themselves with other traffic. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Critical_Mass_(cycling)" title="Critical Mass (cycling)">Critical Mass</a> is an event typically held on the last Friday of every month in <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a> around the world where bicyclists take to the streets <i>en masse</i>. While the ride was founded with the idea of drawing attention to how unfriendly the city was to bicyclists, the leaderless structure of Critical Mass makes it impossible to assign it any one specific goal. In fact, the purpose of Critical Mass is not formalized beyond the <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> of meeting at a set location and time and traveling as a group through city streets. </p><p>There is a long-running <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet#Opinions_for_and_against_the_use_of_helmets" title="Bicycle helmet">cycle helmet debate</a> among activists. The most heated controversy surrounds the topic of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet#Legislation_and_culture" title="Bicycle helmet">compulsory helmet use</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is paradoxical that in many developing countries cycling is in decline as bicycles are replaced by motorbikes and cars, while in many developed countries cycling is on the rise.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equality">Equality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Equality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within western societies the demographic of those who cycle is often not representative of broader society. Research by <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">TfL</a> in London, UK, suggests that cyclists in London are typically 'white, under 40, male, with medium to high household income.'<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies from large-scale representative data from Germany show that people with higher levels of education cycle substantially more often than those with lower levels of education.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even for trips of the same distance and among people from the same city with the same income level, those with higher education cycle more.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, there are various forms of activism focused on diversifying the cycling community.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement are organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a> that seek to protest while on bicycles about systemic racism and police brutality. An incidental experience for Street Riders NYC protest participants is the inequity in where safe bicycling infrastructure exists by neighbourhood, which is interpreted as a form of <a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">classism</a> within cycling and <a href="/wiki/Urbanism" title="Urbanism">urbanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bicycle has acted as a means for women's liberation and thus has <a href="/wiki/Bicycling_and_feminism" title="Bicycling and feminism">links to feminism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling association">Cycling association</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg/220px-World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg/330px-World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg/440px-World_Cycling_Centre_-_Aigle_Switzerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale" title="Union Cycliste Internationale">Union Cycliste Internationale</a> in Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>Cyclists form associations, both for specific interests (trails development, road maintenance, bike maintenance, urban design, racing clubs, touring clubs, etc.) and for more global goals (<a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation" title="Energy conservation">energy conservation</a>, pollution reduction, promotion of fitness). Some bicycle clubs and national associations became prominent advocates for improvements to roads and highways. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_American_Wheelmen" class="mw-redirect" title="League of American Wheelmen">League of American Wheelmen</a> lobbied for the improvement of roads in the last part of the 19th century, founding and leading the national <a href="/wiki/Good_Roads_Movement" title="Good Roads Movement">Good Roads Movement</a>. Their model for political organization, as well as the paved roads for which they argued, facilitated the growth of the automobile. </p><p>In Europe, the <a href="/wiki/European_Cyclists%27_Federation" title="European Cyclists' Federation">European Cyclists' Federation</a> represents around 70 local, regional and national civil society organisations across more than 40 countries that work to promote cycling as a mode of transport and leisure.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a sport, cycling is governed internationally by the <a href="/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale" title="Union Cycliste Internationale">Union Cycliste Internationale</a> in Switzerland, <a href="/wiki/USA_Cycling" title="USA Cycling">USA Cycling</a> (merged with the United States Cycling Federation in 1995) in the United States, (for <a href="/wiki/Upright_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Upright bicycle">upright bicycles</a>) and by the <a href="/wiki/International_Human_Powered_Vehicle_Association" title="International Human Powered Vehicle Association">International Human Powered Vehicle Association</a> (for other HPVs, or human-powered vehicles). Cycling for transport and touring is promoted on a European level by the <a href="/wiki/European_Cyclists%27_Federation" title="European Cyclists' Federation">European Cyclists' Federation</a>, with associated members from Great Britain, Japan and elsewhere. Regular conferences on cycling as transport are held under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Velo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Velo City">Velo City</a>; global conferences are coordinated by Velo Mondial.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cycling_as_a_means_of_transportation">Cycling as a means of transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cycling as a means of transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cycling is widely regarded as an effective and efficient mode of transportation<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> optimal for short to moderate distances. </p><p>Bicycles provide numerous possible benefits in comparison with motor vehicles, including the sustained physical exercise involved in cycling, easier parking, increased maneuverability, and access to roads, <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bike paths</a> and rural trails. Cycling also offers a reduced consumption of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>, less <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a>, reduced greenhouse gas emissions,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and greatly reduced <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These have a lower financial cost for users as well as for society at large (negligible damage to roads, less road area required). By fitting bicycle racks on the front of buses, transit agencies can significantly increase the areas they can serve.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the disadvantages of cycling are the requirement of bicycles (excepting tricycles or quadricycles) for the rider to have certain level of basic skill to remain upright, the reduced protection in crashes in comparison to motor vehicles,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often longer travel time (except in densely populated areas), vulnerability to weather conditions, difficulty in transporting passengers, and the fact that a basic level of fitness is required for cycling moderate to long distances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Health effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cycling provides a variety of health benefits<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reduces the risk of cancers, heart disease, and diabetes that are prevalent in sedentary lifestyles.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cycling on <a href="/wiki/Stationary_bicycle" title="Stationary bicycle">stationary bikes</a> have also been used as part of rehabilitation for lower limb injuries, particularly after hip surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals who cycle regularly have also reported mental health improvements, including less perceived stress and better vitality.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks, when cycling is compared to a sedentary lifestyle. A Dutch study found that cycling can extend lifespans by up to 14 months, but the risks equated to a reduced lifespan of 40 days or less.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mortality rate reduction was found to be directly correlated to the average time spent cycling, totaling to approximately 6500 deaths prevented by cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Cycling in the Netherlands</a> is often safer than in other parts of the world, so the <a href="/wiki/Risk-benefit_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Risk-benefit ratio">risk-benefit ratio</a> will be different in other regions.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, benefits of cycling or walking have been shown to exceed risks by ratios of 9:1 to 96:1 when compared with no exercise at all, including a wide variety of physical and mental outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exercise">Exercise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Exercise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyclist-189.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man with sports clothes and a white helmet on a bicycle on a road." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyclist-189.JPG/220px-Cyclist-189.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyclist-189.JPG/330px-Cyclist-189.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyclist-189.JPG/440px-Cyclist-189.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Heavily equipped London cyclist: specialist cycle clothing, pollution mask, dark glasses and helmet.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Physical_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">physical exercise</a> gained from cycling is generally linked with increased health and well-being. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), physical inactivity is second only to <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">tobacco smoking</a> as a health risk in developed countries,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is associated with 20-30% increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and diabetes<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tens of billions of dollars of healthcare costs.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WHO's 2009 report<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests that increasing physical activity is a public health "best buy", and that cycling is a "highly suitable activity" for this purpose. The charity <a href="/wiki/Sustrans" title="Sustrans">Sustrans</a> reports that investment in cycling provision can give a 20:1 return from health and other benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been estimated that, on average, approximately 20 life-years are gained from the health benefits of road bicycling for every life-year lost through injury.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bicycles are often used by people seeking to improve their fitness and cardiovascular health. Recent studies on the use of cycling for commutes have shown that it reduces the risk of cardiovascular outcomes by 11%, with slightly more risk reduction in women than in men.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, cycling is especially helpful for those with <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> of the lower limbs who are unable to pursue sports that cause impact to the knees and other joints. Since cycling can be used for the practical purpose of transportation, there can be less need for self-discipline to exercise. </p><p>Cycling while seated is a relatively non-<a href="/wiki/Weight_bearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight bearing">weight bearing</a> exercise that, like <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming#Recreation" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>, does little to promote bone density.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cycling up and out of the saddle, on the other hand, does a better job by transferring more of the rider's body weight to the legs. However, excessive <a href="/wiki/Standing_cycling" title="Standing cycling">cycling while standing</a> can cause knee damage<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used to be thought that cycling while standing was less energy efficient, but recent research has proven this not to be true. Other than air resistance, there is no wasted energy from cycling while standing, if it is done correctly.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cycling on a <a href="/wiki/Stationary_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Stationary cycle">stationary cycle</a> is frequently advocated as a suitable exercise for rehabilitation, particularly for lower limb injury, owing to the low impact which it has on the joints. In particular, cycling is commonly used within knee rehabilitation programs, to strengthen the quadriceps muscles with minimal stress on the knee ligaments.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further stress of the knee can be relieved by changing seat heights and pedal position to improve the rehabilitation. Cycling is also used for rehabilitation after hip surgery to manage soft-tissue healing, control swelling and pain, and allow a larger range of motion to the nearby muscles earlier during recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, many institutions have established a rehabilitation protocol that involves stationary cycling as part of the recovery process. One such protocol offered by Mayo Clinic recommends 2–4 weeks of cycling on an upright stationary bike following <a href="/wiki/Hip_arthroscopy" title="Hip arthroscopy">hip arthroscopy</a>, starting from 5 minutes per session and slowly increasing to 30 minutes per session.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of these sessions are to reduce joint <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> and maintain the widest range of motion possible with limited pain. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG/220px-Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG/330px-Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG/440px-Bike_at_Prins_hendrikkade_Amsterdam_centraal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Bike at <a href="/wiki/Prins_Hendrikkade" title="Prins Hendrikkade">Prins Hendrikkade</a>, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>As a response to the increased global sedentary lifestyles and consequent overweight and <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, one response that has been adopted by many organizations concerned with health and environment is the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Active_travel" class="mw-redirect" title="Active travel">Active travel</a>, which seeks to promote walking and cycling as safe and attractive alternatives to motorized transport. Given that many journeys are for relatively short distances, there is considerable scope to replace car use with walking or cycling, though in many settings this may require some infrastructure modification, particularly to attract the less experienced and confident. </p><p>An Italian study assessed the impact of cycling for commute on major non-communicable diseases and public healthcare costs. Using a health economic assessment model, the study found a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke in individuals that cycled compared to those that did not actively commute. This model estimated that public healthcare costs would reduce by 5% over a 10-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Illinois designated cycling as its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_state_symbols" title="List of Illinois state symbols">official state exercise</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mental_health">Mental health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mental health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The effects of cycling on overall mental health have often been studied. A European study surveying participants from seven cities about self-perceived health based on primary modes of transportation reported favorable results in the bicycle use population.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bicycle use group reported predominantly good self-perceived health, less perceived stress, better mental health, better vitality, and less loneliness. The study attributed these results to possible economic benefits and senses of both independence and identity as a member of a cyclist community. An English study recruiting non-cyclist older adults aged 50 to 83 to participate as either conventional pedal bike cyclists, electrically assisted e-bike cyclists, or a non-cyclist control group in outdoor trails measured cognitive function through executive function, spatial reasoning, and memory tests and well-being through questionnaires.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study did not find significant differences in spatial reasoning or memory tests. It did, however, find that both cyclists groups had improved executive function and well-being, both with greater improvement in the e-bike group. This suggested that non-physical factors of cycling such as independence, engagement with the outdoor environment, and mobility play a greater role in improving mental health. </p><p>A 15-month randomized controlled trial in the U.S. examined the impact of self-paced cycling on cognitive function in institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers used three cognitive assessments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fuld object memory evaluation, and symbol digit modality test. The study found that long-term cycling for at least 15 minutes per day in older adults without cognitive impairment had a protective effect on cognition and attention. </p><p>Cycling has also been shown to be effective adjunct therapy in certain mental health conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bicycle_safety">Bicycle safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bicycle safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">Bicycle safety</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A statue, covered with flowers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg/220px-Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg/330px-Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg/440px-Santa-Maria-Patroness-of-bicyclists-4606.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> venerated as the holy protector of bicyclists on the roads of the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cycling suffers from a perception that it is unsafe.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This perception is not always backed by hard numbers, because of under reporting of crashes and lack of bicycle use data (amount of cycling, kilometers cycled) which make it hard to assess the <a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">risk</a> and monitor changes in risks.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanparijs_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanparijs-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK, fatality rates per mile or kilometre are slightly less than those for walking.<sup id="cite_ref-UK_fatalities_by_mode_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_fatalities_by_mode-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, bicycling fatality rates are less than 2/3 of those walking the same distance.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the UK for example the fatality and serious injury rates <i>per hour of travel</i> are just over double for cycling than those for walking.<sup id="cite_ref-UK_fatalities_by_mode_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_fatalities_by_mode-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the risk factors associated with bicycling, cyclists have a lower overall mortality rate when compared to other groups. A Danish study in 2000 found that even after adjustment for other risk factors, including leisure time physical activity, those who did not cycle to work experienced a 39% higher mortality rate than those who did.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injuries (to cyclists, from cycling) can be divided into two types: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical trauma">Physical trauma</a> (extrinsic)</li> <li>Overuse (intrinsic)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_trauma">Physical trauma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Physical trauma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Acute_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute (medical)">Acute</a> physical trauma includes injuries to the head and extremities resulting from falls and collisions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most cycle deaths result from a collision with a car or heavy goods vehicle. Drivers are at fault in the majority of these crashes.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segregated cycling infrastructure reduces the rate of crashes between bicycles and motor vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although a majority of bicycle collisions occur during the day,<sup id="cite_ref-ROSPA_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROSPA-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lighting#Safety" title="Bicycle lighting">bicycle lighting</a> is recommended for <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">safety when bicycling</a> at night to increase visibility.<sup id="cite_ref-NHSTA_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHSTA-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg/220px-Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg/330px-Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg/440px-Taiwan_2009_HuaLien_Taroko_Gorge_Biking_FRD_5416_Pano_Extracted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2828" /></a><figcaption>Bicyclist pedals uphill at the <a href="/wiki/Taroko_National_Park" title="Taroko National Park">Taroko Gorge</a> in Taiwan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycles_and_winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bicycles_and_winter.jpg/220px-Bicycles_and_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bicycles_and_winter.jpg/330px-Bicycles_and_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bicycles_and_winter.jpg/440px-Bicycles_and_winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption>Bicycles in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overuse_injuries">Overuse injuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Overuse injuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of a study of 518 cyclists, a large majority reported at least one overuse injury, with over one third requiring medical treatment. The most common injury sites were the neck (48.8%) and the knees (41.7%), as well as the groin/buttocks (36.1%), hands (31.1%), and back (30.3%). Women were more likely to suffer from neck and shoulder pain than men.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many cyclists suffer from overuse injuries to the knees, affecting cyclists at all levels. These are caused by many factors:<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Incorrect bicycle fit or adjustment, particularly the saddle.</li> <li>Incorrect adjustment of clipless pedals.</li> <li>Too many hills, or too many miles, too early in the training season.</li> <li>Poor training preparation for long touring rides.</li> <li>Selecting too high a gear. A lower gear for uphill climb protects the knees, even though muscles may be well able to handle a higher gear.</li></ul> <p>Overuse injuries, including chronic nerve damage at weight bearing locations, can occur as a result of repeatedly riding a bicycle for extended periods of time. Damage to the <a href="/wiki/Ulnar_nerve" title="Ulnar nerve">ulnar nerve</a> in the palm, <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel</a> in the wrist, the genitourinary tract<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_seat_neuropathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle seat neuropathy">bicycle seat neuropathy</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may result from overuse. <a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">Recumbent bicycles</a> are designed on different <a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">ergonomic</a> principles and eliminate pressure from the saddle and handlebars, due to the relaxed riding position. </p><p>Note that overuse is a relative term, and capacity varies greatly between individuals. Someone starting out in cycling must be careful to increase length and frequency of cycling sessions slowly, starting for example at an hour or two per day, or a hundred miles or kilometers per week. Bilateral muscular pain is a normal by-product of the training process, whereas unilateral pain may reveal "exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis".<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joint pain and numbness are also early signs of overuse injury. </p><p>A Spanish study of top <a href="/wiki/Triathlete" class="mw-redirect" title="Triathlete">triathletes</a> found those who cover more than 186 miles (300 km) a week on their bikes have less than 4% normal looking <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a>, where normal adult males would be expected to have from 15% to 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-bmj.com_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saddle_related">Saddle related</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Saddle related"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much work has been done to investigate optimal <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_saddle" title="Bicycle saddle">bicycle saddle</a> shape, size and position, and negative effects of extended use of less than optimal seats or configurations. </p><p>Excessive saddle height can cause <a href="/wiki/Posterior_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior (anatomy)">posterior</a> knee pain, while setting the saddle too low can cause pain in the <a href="/wiki/Anterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior">anterior</a> of the knee. An incorrectly fitted saddle may eventually lead to muscle imbalance. A 25 to 35-degree knee angle is recommended to avoid an overuse injury.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although cycling is beneficial to health, men can be negatively affected by cycling more than three hours a week due to the significant weight on their perineum, an area located between the scrotum and the anus which hold some of the nerves and arteries that pass to the penis.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This weight for continuous hours a week can cause men to experience numbness or tingling which can lead to them losing the ability to achieve an erection due to reduced blood flow; which 13% of males did experience in a study by Norwegian researchers who gathered data from 160 men participating in a long-distance bike tour.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fitting a proper sized seat can prevent this effect.<sup id="cite_ref-bmj.com_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag may rely on an unreliable or less reliable medical source. (November 2010)">unreliable medical source?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-no_nose_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no_nose-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In extreme cases, <a href="/wiki/Pudendal_nerve_entrapment" title="Pudendal nerve entrapment">pudendal nerve entrapment</a> can be a source of intractable perineal pain.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cyclists with induced pudendal nerve pressure neuropathy gained relief from improvements in saddle position and riding techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH) has investigated the potential health effects of prolonged bicycling in police bicycle patrol units, including the possibility that some bicycle saddles exert excessive pressure on the urogenital area of cyclists, restricting blood flow to the genitals.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their study found that using bicycle seats without protruding noses reduced pressure on the groin by at least 65% and significantly reduced the number of cases of urogenital paresthesia. A follow-up found that 90% of bicycle officers who tried the no-nose seat were using it six months later. NIOSH recommends that riders use a no-nose bicycle seat for workplace bicycling.<sup id="cite_ref-no_nose_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no_nose-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-impact_niosh_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-impact_niosh-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite rumors to the contrary, there is no <a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">scientific evidence</a> linking cycling with <a href="/wiki/Testicular_cancer" title="Testicular cancer">testicular cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exposure_to_air_pollution">Exposure to air pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Exposure to air pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One concern is that riding in traffic may expose the cyclist to higher levels of air pollution, especially cyclists regularly traveling on or along busy roads. Some authors have claimed this to be untrue, showing that the pollutant and irritant count within cars is consistently higher,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presumably because of limited circulation of air within the car and due to the air intake being directly in the stream of other traffic. Other authors have found small or inconsistent differences in concentrations but claim that exposure of cyclists is higher due to increased minute <a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(physiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventilation (physiology)">ventilation</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is associated with minor biological changes.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2010 study estimated that the gained life expectancy from the health benefits of cycling (approximately 3–14 months gained) greatly exceeded the lost life expectancy from air pollution (approximately 0.8–40 days lost).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a systematic review comparing the effects of air pollution exposure on the health of cyclists was conducted, but the authors concluded that the differing methodologies and measuring parameters of each study made it difficult to compare results and suggested a more holistic approach was needed to accomplish this.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The significance of the associated health effect, if any, is unclear but probably much smaller than the health impacts associated with accidents and the health benefits derived from additional physical activity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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<li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Women_Bike_Ride" title="Fancy Women Bike Ride">Fancy Women Bike Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cycling" title="History of cycling">History of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_bicycles_and_cycling" title="List of films about bicycles and cycling">List of films about bicycles and cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_cycling" title="Masters cycling">Masters cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">Outline of bicycles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOosterhuis2016" class="citation journal cs1">Oosterhuis, Harry (2016-07-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03071022.2016.1180897">"Cycling, modernity and national culture"</a>. <i>Social History</i>. <b>41</b> (3): 233–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071022.2016.1180897">10.1080/03071022.2016.1180897</a>. <a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+matter+in+traffic%3A+A+comparison+of+cyclists+and+car+passengers&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=2263-2270&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56142753%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2010.04.028&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010AtmEn..44.2263I&rft.aulast=Int+Panis&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft.au=De+Geus%2C+Bas&rft.au=Vandenbulcke%2C+Gr%C3%A9gory&rft.au=Willems%2C+Hanny&rft.au=Degraeuwe%2C+Bart&rft.au=Bleux%2C+Nico&rft.au=Mishra%2C+Vinit&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Isabelle&rft.au=Meeusen%2C+Romain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1476-069X-9-64">10.1186/1476-069X-9-64</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984475">2984475</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20973949">20973949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Subclinical+responses+in+healthy+cyclists+briefly+exposed+to+traffic-related+air+pollution%3A+An+intervention+study&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=64&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2984475%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20973949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1476-069X-9-64&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010EnvHe...9...64J&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Lotte&rft.au=Nawrot%2C+Tim+S&rft.au=De+Geus%2C+Bas&rft.au=Meeusen%2C+Romain&rft.au=Degraeuwe%2C+Bart&rft.au=Bernard%2C+Alfred&rft.au=Sughis%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Nemery%2C+Benoit&rft.au=Panis%2C+Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2984475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazaForsbergJohanssonSommar2018" class="citation journal cs1">Raza, Wasif; Forsberg, Bertil; Johansson, Christer; Sommar, Johan Nilsson (5 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5804679">"Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling"</a>. <i>Global Health Action</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 1429081. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F16549716.2018.1429081">10.1080/16549716.2018.1429081</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1654-9716">1654-9716</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5804679">5804679</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29400262">29400262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Health+Action&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+as+a+risk+factor+in+health+impact+assessments+of+a+travel+mode+shift+towards+cycling&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1429081&rft.date=2018-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5804679%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1654-9716&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29400262&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F16549716.2018.1429081&rft.aulast=Raza&rft.aufirst=Wasif&rft.au=Forsberg%2C+Bertil&rft.au=Johansson%2C+Christer&rft.au=Sommar%2C+Johan+Nilsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5804679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Cycling</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cycling" class="extiw" title="wikt:cycling">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cycling" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Cycling">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Cycling" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Cycling">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cycling" class="extiw" title="q:Cycling">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cycling" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cycling">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cycling" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Cycling">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cycling" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Cycling">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cycling" title="Template:Cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cycling" title="Template talk:Cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary</a></li> <li>Outlines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Cycling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General and technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_culture" title="Bicycle culture">Bicycle culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics" title="Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics">Bicycle dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_geometry" title="Bicycle and motorcycle geometry">Bicycle geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_performance" title="Bicycle performance">Bicycle performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_bicycle" title="History of the bicycle">History of the bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cycling_infrastructure" title="History of cycling infrastructure">History of cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utility and slow<br /> recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_messenger" title="Bicycle messenger">Bicycle messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rental" title="Bike rental">Bicycle rental/hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_riding" title="Challenge riding">Challenge riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cycling" title="Indoor cycling">Indoor cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">Rail trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randonneuring" title="Randonneuring">Randonneuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports-related cycling and<br /> fast-paced recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_cycling" title="Artistic cycling">Artistic cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_cycling" title="Cross-country cycling">Cross-country cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_speedway" title="Cycle speedway">Cycle speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycle sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">Cyclo-cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosportive" title="Cyclosportive">Cyclosportive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeride_(mountain_biking)" title="Freeride (mountain biking)">Freeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsprint" title="Goldsprint">Goldsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_cycling" title="Gravel cycling">Gravel cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_trials" title="Mountain bike trials">Trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_track" title="Pump track">Pump track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road bicycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_trials" title="Unicycle trials">Unicycle trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, safety and<br /> infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">Active mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_law" title="Bicycle law">Bicycle law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">Bicycle parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_poverty_reduction" title="Bicycle poverty reduction">Bicycle poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">Bicycle rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">Bicycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rage" title="Bike rage">Bike rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_registry" title="Bike registry">Bike registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Week_(cycling)" title="Bike Week (cycling)">Bike Week (Bicycle Week)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_advocacy" title="Cycling advocacy">Cycling advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_stop" title="Idaho stop">Idaho stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegelijk_groen" title="Tegelijk groen">Tegelijk groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_collecting" title="Bicycle collecting">Bicycle collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">Cycling kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacycle" title="Pentacycle">Pentacycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_types" title="List of bicycle types">List of bicycle types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_brands_and_manufacturing_companies" title="List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies">List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMX_bicycle_manufacturers" title="List of BMX bicycle manufacturers">List of BMX bicycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyclists" title="List of cyclists">List of cyclists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_bicycles_and_cycling" title="List of films about bicycles and cycling">List of films about bicycles and cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_cycling" title="List of doping cases in cycling">List of doping cases in cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cycling" title="Category:Cycling">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Cycling_by_country_and_city" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cycling_in_different_countries_and_cities" title="Template:Cycling in different countries and cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cycling_in_different_countries_and_cities" title="Template talk:Cycling in different countries and cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling_in_different_countries_and_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling in different countries and cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px_Cycling_by_country_and_city" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinnbild_Radfahrer,_StVO_1992.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg/25px-Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg/38px-Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg/50px-Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cycling</a> by country and city</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Algeria#Cycling" title="Sport in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Burkina_Faso#Cycling" title="Sport in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Africa#Cycling" title="Sport in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Tunisia#Cycling" title="Sport in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Azerbaijan" title="Cycling in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bangladesh#Cycling" title="Sport in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_China" title="Cycling in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Cycling in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_India" title="Cycling in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia#Cycling" title="Sport in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheeler_usage_in_Japan" title="Two-wheeler usage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Jordan#Cycling" title="Sport in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kazakhstan#Cycling" title="Sport in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_North_Korea" title="Cycling in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia#Cycling" title="Sport in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Penang_Island" title="Cycling in Penang Island">George Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Cycling in Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan#Cycling" title="Sport in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Philippines" title="Cycling in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Taiwan#Cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Turkey" title="Cycling in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Cycling" title="Sport in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycling in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Prague" title="Cycling in Prague">Prague</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Moldova#Cycling" title="Sport in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycling in Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Bucharest" title="Cycling in Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovakia#Cycling" title="Sport in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Turkey" title="Cycling in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Denmark" title="Cycling in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Copenhagen" title="Cycling in Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Estonia#Cycling" title="Sport in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ireland#Cycling" title="Sport in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Latvia#Cycling" title="Sport in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Lithuania#Cycling" title="Sport in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycling in Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cycling in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Cardiff" title="Cycling in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Leeds" title="Cycling in Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_London" title="Cycling in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy#Cycling" title="Sport in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Malta" title="Cycling in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Portugal#Cycling" title="Sport in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovenia#Cycling" title="Sport in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Spain" title="Cycling in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Madrid" title="Cycling in Madrid">Madrid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Belgium#Cycling" title="Sport in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Paris" title="Cycling in Paris">Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Berlin" title="Cycling in Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Munich" title="Cycling in Munich">Munich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Luxembourg#Cycling" title="Sport in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Amsterdam" title="Cycling in Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Belize#Cycling" title="Sport in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Canada" title="Cycling in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Toronto" title="Cycling in Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_United_States" title="Cycling in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li>California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Los_Angeles" title="Cycling in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_San_Francisco" title="Cycling in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_San_Jose,_California" title="Cycling in San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Illinois" title="Cycling in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Chicago" title="Cycling in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Atlanta" title="Cycling in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Boston" title="Cycling in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Detroit" title="Cycling in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Minnesota" title="Cycling in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trails_in_Minneapolis" title="Trails in Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li></ul></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_New_York_City" title="Cycling in New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling_in_Syracuse,_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycling in Syracuse, New York (page does not exist)">Syracuse</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Cycling in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Australia" title="Cycling in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Canberra" title="Cycling in Canberra">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_New_South_Wales" title="Cycling in New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Sydney" title="Cycling in Sydney">Sydney</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Perth" title="Cycling in Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Victoria" title="Cycling in Victoria">Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Geelong" title="Cycling in Geelong">Geelong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Melbourne" title="Cycling in Melbourne">Melbourne</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_New_Zealand" title="Cycling in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Auckland" title="Cycling in Auckland">Auckland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Physical_exercise" title="Template:Physical exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Physical_exercise" title="Template talk:Physical exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Physical_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Physical exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">Exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_exercise" title="Aerobic exercise">Aerobic exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerobics" title="Aerobics">Aerobics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">Distance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_training" title="Endurance training">Endurance training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogging" title="Jogging">Jogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_exercise" title="Anaerobic exercise">Anaerobic exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-intensity_interval_training" title="High-intensity interval training">High-intensity interval training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">Sprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">Strength training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">Bodybuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyweight_exercise" title="Bodyweight exercise">Bodyweight exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flywheel_training" title="Flywheel training">Flywheel training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_training" title="Suspension training">Suspension training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight training">Weight training</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_training" title="Athletic training">Athletic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calisthenics" title="Calisthenics">Calisthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_training" title="Circuit training">Circuit training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-training" title="Cross-training">Cross-training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interval_training" title="Interval training">Interval training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_hypertrophy" title="Muscle hypertrophy">Muscle hypertrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_fitness" title="Outdoor fitness">Outdoor fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">Physical therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretching" title="Stretching">Stretching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_physical_training_and_fitness" title="History of physical training and fitness">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetics_of_physical_exercise" title="Epigenetics of physical exercise">Epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_and_music" title="Exercise and music">Exercise and music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_equipment" title="Exercise equipment">Exercise equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_physiology" title="Exercise physiology">Exercise physiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise" title="Neurobiological effects of physical exercise">Neurobiological effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_mimetic" title="Exercise mimetic">Exercise mimetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_trends" title="Exercise trends">Exercise trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_app" title="Fitness app">Fitness app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_culture" title="Fitness culture">Fitness culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_exercise" title="Outline of exercise">Outline of exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_fitness" title="Physical fitness">Physical fitness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Physical_exercise" title="Category:Physical exercise">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Utility_cycling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Utility_cycling" title="Template:Utility cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Utility_cycling" title="Template talk:Utility cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Utility_cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Utility cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Utility_cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">Bike sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_cooperative" title="Bicycle cooperative">Bicycle cooperative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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