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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Byron J. Carter</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Byron_J._Carter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Byron_J._Carter.png/220px-Byron_J._Carter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Byron_J._Carter.png/330px-Byron_J._Carter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Byron_J._Carter.png/440px-Byron_J._Carter.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1863-08-17</span>)</span>August 17, 1863<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson, Michigan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 6, 1908<span style="display:none">(1908-04-06)</span> (aged 44)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Automotive pioneer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Automobile_Company" title="Jackson Automobile Company">Jackson Automobile Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Byron J. Carter</b>, (August 17, 1863 – April 6, 1908) was an American automotive pioneer. He was a founding partner of the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Automobile_Company" title="Jackson Automobile Company">Jackson Automobile Company</a>, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a> Company. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_experience">Early life and experience</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and experience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Byron J. Carter was born on August 17, 1863, in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Michigan" title="Jackson County, Michigan">Jackson County</a>, Michigan, to Squire B. Carter and Martha Crum. His grandfather, Peter T. Carter, was an early settler in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring Arbor">Spring Arbor</a> Township, Michigan. In 1885, Byron Carter established the Steam Job Printing and Rubber Stamp Manufacturing business in at 167 Main St., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson_Michigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackson Michigan (page does not exist)">Jackson</a>. In 1894, with his father, he started a bicycle and sunrise store<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is a sunrise store? (April 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Jackson on the corner of Courtland and Jackson streets. Two years later, they returned to the printing business by starting the United States Tag Co.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his years of working at Steam Job Printing, Carter gained experience with steam engines, which gained him a patent for the three-cylinder engine, his first engine for the 1902 Jaxon steam car. He was also granted a patent for a friction transmission, a feature of the Cartercar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jackson_Automobile_Company">Jackson Automobile Company</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Jackson Automobile Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 19, 1902, Byron J. Carter, manager of a Jackson bicycle shop, along with founding partners, George A. Matthews, a buggy manufacturer, and Charles Lewis, once Jackson's biggest employer as owner of a spring axle company, formed the Jackson Automobile Company, on Hupp Street, Jackson. Carter was its first vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1905 he left to form the Motorcar Company in Jackson, featuring his friction drive car and naming it “Cartercar.” The new variable speed transmission used friction discs, not gears, and also allowed the car to brake by reversing the lever.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carter developed his friction-drive system with parts from a corn sheller. Responding to the problem of other friction-drive cars failing in wet conditions, he developed an aluminum friction disc with a cardboard traverse wheel lining.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cartercar">Cartercar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cartercar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1905, Carter found financial backing from Detroit for the <a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a> and relocated the company to Pontiac, Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cartercar Company attracted the attention of <a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>. Durant liked the car's friction drive, and thought Cartercar would have a great future, and so General Motors bought the company on October 26, 1909. But by 1910, Durant was ousted from GM. When the Cartercar failed to meet Durant's sales predictions, GM limited production and discontinued the Cartercar after the 1916 model. GM converted the factory to production of Oaklands and the Cartercar name was automotive history.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Byron J. Carter died April 6, 1908, in Detroit, after developing pneumonia as a result of injuries he sustained when he tried to hand crank start a car stranded on the Belle Isle bridge near Detroit. At the time of his death, he was vice president and general superintendent of the Motorcar Company of Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carter's death was the impetus for <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kettering" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Kettering">Charles Kettering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Leland" title="Henry M. Leland">Henry M. Leland</a> to develop the electric self-starter. Carter was survived by his widow, Dorothy “Della” Carter, and two children, Rachel Lucretia Carter, who later married <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Sparks" title="Cliff Sparks">Clifford Maurice Sparks</a>, 1916 All-American football player at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>; and Kenneth G. Carter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bean, Ronald G. “The Jackson Automobile, Part I: A history by Ronald G. Bean.” Reprinted from The Bulb Horn, Vol. XXXI, No. 4, July–August 1970 with the permission of the Ronald G. Bean Estate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vmcca.org/bh/jackson_automobile.htm">http://www.vmcca.org/bh/jackson_automobile.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921001121/http://www.vmcca.org/bh/jackson_automobile.htm">Archived</a> 2012-09-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, L. Peek. (January 17, 2013). Through Time: 'Made in Jackson' appeared on 25 models of automobiles from 1901 to 1954. MLive.com. Retrieved 12 Mar 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byron Carter: Promise Unfulfilled Story of the Week. Motorcities.org. November 13, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.motorcities.org/Story/Byron+Carter+Promise+Unfulfilled-157.html">http://www.motorcities.org/Story/Byron+Carter+Promise+Unfulfilled-157.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160212184721/http://www.motorcities.org/Story/Byron+Carter+Promise+Unfulfilled-157.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter, M. (1997). 1907 Cartercar. Autoweek, 47(12), 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan, Daniel. (2010). 1911 CarterCar Model L news, pictures, and information. ConceptCarZ.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.conceptcarz.com/z18947/CarterCar-Model-L.aspx">http://www.conceptcarz.com/z18947/CarterCar-Model-L.aspx</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brazeau, Mike. Cartercar. GM Heritage Center: Generations of GM History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/Cartercar">http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/Cartercar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517204202/http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/Cartercar">Archived</a> 2013-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal, Volume 12 (1908). Philadelphia: Chilton.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_link">External link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906132851/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1979/5/1979_5_104.shtml">American Heritage Magazine: Cartercar</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&oldid=1198979042">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byron_Carter&oldid=1198979042</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_automotive_pioneers" title="Category:American automotive pioneers">American automotive pioneers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Jackson,_Michigan" title="Category:People from Jackson, Michigan">People from Jackson, Michigan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1863_births" title="Category:1863 births">1863 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_deaths" title="Category:1908 deaths">1908 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Michigan" title="Category:Businesspeople from Michigan">Businesspeople from Michigan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:19th-century American businesspeople">19th-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century American businesspeople">20th-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pneumonia_in_Michigan" title="Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Michigan">Deaths from pneumonia in Michigan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accidental_deaths_in_Michigan" title="Category:Accidental deaths in Michigan">Accidental deaths in Michigan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_automotive_engineers" title="Category:American automotive engineers">American automotive engineers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2022">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 January 2024, at 15:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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