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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolutionary_developmental_biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Evolutionary developmental biology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolutionary_developmental_biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Just So Stories" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoires_comme_%C3%A7a" title="Histoires comme ça – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoires comme ça" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contos_de_as%C3%AD_foi" title="Contos de así foi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Contos de así foi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storie_proprio_cos%C3%AC" title="Storie proprio così – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storie proprio così" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9B%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%9D" title="סיפורי ככה סתם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיפורי ככה סתם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Just So Stories" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Просто сказки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Просто сказки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Just So Stories" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Just So Stories" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_s%C3%A5-historier" title="Just så-historier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Just så-historier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fte_%C3%96yle_Hikayeler" title="İşte Öyle Hikayeler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşte Öyle Hikayeler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Short story collection by Rudyard Kipling</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the anthropological sense, see <a href="/wiki/Just-so_story" title="Just-so story">Just-so story</a>. For the genre of which Kipling's stories purport to be examples, see <a href="/wiki/Pourquoi_story" title="Pourquoi story">Pourquoi story</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Just So Stories <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+So+Stories&rft.author=%5B%5BRudyard+Kipling%5D%5D&rft.date=1902&rft.pub=%5B%5BMacmillan+Publishers%7CMacmillan%5D%5D&rft.place=United+Kingdom"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Just_So_Stories_Kipling_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Just_So_Stories_Kipling_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="262" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data">Rudyard Kipling</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's book">Children's book</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1902</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Just So Stories for Little Children</b></i> is a 1902 collection of <a href="/wiki/Pourquoi_story" title="Pourquoi story">origin stories</a> by the British author <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>. Considered a classic of <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a>, the book is among Kipling's best known works. </p><p>Kipling began working on the book by telling the first three chapters as bedtime stories to his daughter Josephine. These had to be told "just so" (exactly in the words she was used to) or she would complain. The stories illustrate how animals acquired their distinctive features, such as how the leopard got his spots. For the book, Kipling illustrated the stories himself. </p><p>The stories have appeared in a variety of adaptations including a musical and animated films. <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biologists</a> have noted that what Kipling did in fiction in a <a href="/wiki/Lamarckian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamarckian">Lamarckian</a> way,<sup id="cite_ref-Fitch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they have done in reality, providing <a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> explanations for the <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">evolutionary development</a> of animal features.<sup id="cite_ref-Held_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Held-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BioScience_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioScience-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stories, first published in 1902, are <a href="/wiki/Pourquoi_story" title="Pourquoi story">origin stories</a>, fantastic accounts of how various features of animals came to be.<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A forerunner of these stories is Kipling's "How Fear Came", in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Jungle_Book" title="The Second Jungle Book">The Second Jungle Book</a></i> (1895). In it, <a href="/wiki/Mowgli" title="Mowgli">Mowgli</a> hears the story of how the tiger got his stripes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book">Book</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approach">Approach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Just So Stories</i> began as bedtime stories told by Kipling to his daughter "Effie" (Josephine, Kipling's firstborn); when the first three were published in a children's magazine, a year before her death, Kipling explained: "in the evening there were stories meant to put Effie to sleep, and you were not allowed to alter those by one single little word. They had to be told just so; or Effie would wake up and put back the missing sentence. So at last they came to be like charms, all three of them – the whale tale, the camel tale, and the rhinoceros tale."<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>(The name <i>Effie</i> does not appear in the text of the stories, where the narrator now and again says <i>O my Best Beloved</i> to his listening child instead.) </p><p>Nine of the thirteen <i>Just So Stories</i> tell how particular animals were modified from their original forms to their current forms by the acts of human beings or magical beings. For example, the Whale has a tiny throat because he swallowed a <i><a href="/wiki/Mariner" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner">mariner</a></i>, who tied a raft inside to block the whale from swallowing other men. The Camel has a hump given to him by a <i><a href="/wiki/Djinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Djinn">djinn</a></i> as punishment for the camel's refusing to work (the hump allows the camel to work longer between times of eating). The Leopard's spots were painted by an <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian">Ethiopian</a> (after the Ethiopian painted himself black). The Kangaroo gets its powerful hind legs, long tail and hopping gait after being chased all day by a <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a>, sent by a minor god responding to the Kangaroo's request to be made different from all other animals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contents">Contents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justso_rhino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Justso_rhino.jpg/220px-Justso_rhino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Justso_rhino.jpg/330px-Justso_rhino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Justso_rhino.jpg/440px-Justso_rhino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption><i>How the Rhinoceros got his Skin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> by Kipling</figcaption></figure> <ol><li><i>How the Whale Got His Throat</i> – why the larger <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a> eat only small prey.</li> <li><i>How the Camel Got His Hump</i> – how the idle <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a> was punished and given a hump.</li> <li><i>How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin</i> – why <a href="/wiki/Rhinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinos">rhinos</a> have folds in their skin and bad tempers.</li> <li><i>How the Leopard Got His Spots</i> – why <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopards</a> have spots.</li> <li><i>The Elephant's Child/How the Elephant Got His Trunk</i> – how the <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a>'s trunk became long.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sing-Song_of_Old_Man_Kangaroo" title="The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo">The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo</a></i> – how the <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> assumed long legs and tail.</li> <li><i>The Beginning of the Armadillos</i> – how a <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">tortoise</a> transformed into the first <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillos</a>.</li> <li><i>How the First Letter Was Written</i> – introduces the only characters who appear in more than one story: a family of <a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">cave-people</a>, called Tegumai Bopsulai (the father), Teshumai Tewindrow (the mother), and Taffimai Metallumai, shortened to Taffy, (the daughter), and explains how Taffy delivered a <a href="/wiki/Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture">picture</a> <a href="/wiki/Message" title="Message">message</a> to her mother.</li> <li><i>How the Alphabet Was Made</i> – tells how Taffy and her father invent an <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a>.</li> <li><i>The Crab that Played with the Sea</i> – explains the ebb and flow of the <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a>, as well as how the <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a> changed from a huge animal into a small one.</li> <li><i>The Cat that Walked by Himself</i> – explains how man domesticated all the <a href="/wiki/Wild_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild animals">wild animals</a>, even the <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a>, which insisted on greater independence.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Butterfly_that_Stamped" title="The Butterfly that Stamped">The Butterfly that Stamped</a></i> – how <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> saved the pride of a <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterfly</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a> used this to prevent his wives scolding him.</li> <li><i>The Tabu Tale</i> – how Taffy learnt all the <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboos</a>. (Missing from most British editions; first appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a> edition in the U.S. in 1903).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illustrations">Illustrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Illustrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kipling illustrated the original editions of the <i>Just So Stories.</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later illustrators of the book include <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Gleeson" title="Joseph M. Gleeson">Joseph M. Gleeson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions">Editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as appearing in a collection, the individual stories have also been published as separate books: often in large-format, illustrated editions for younger children.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Kipling%27s_Just_So_Stories" title="Adaptations of Kipling's Just So Stories">Adaptations of Kipling's Just So Stories</a></div> <p>Adaptations of <i>Just So Stories</i> have been made in forms such as cartoons, including several in the Soviet Union in the 1930s,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and musicals, including one in 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Drewe" title="Anthony Drewe">Anthony Drewe</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Stiles_(composer)" title="George Stiles (composer)">George Stiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SandD_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandD-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_(c1912).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png/220px-Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png/330px-Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png/440px-Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="2138" /></a><figcaption>"How the Elephant Got His Trunk"</figcaption></figure> <p>H. W. Boynton, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> in 1903, commented that only a century earlier children had had to be content with the Bible, <i><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim's Progress">Pilgrim's Progress</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Foxe%27s_Book_of_Martyrs" title="Foxe's Book of Martyrs">Foxe's Book of Martyrs</a></i>. But in his day "A much pleasanter bill of fare is being provided for them". Boynton argued that with <i>Just So Stories</i>, Kipling did for "very little children" what <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book" title="The Jungle Book">The Jungle Book</a></i> had done for older ones. He described the book as "artfully artless, in its themes, in its repetitions, in its habitual limitation, and occasional abeyance, of adult humor. It strikes a child as the kind of yarn his father or uncle might have spun if he had just happened to think of it; and it has, like all good fairy-business, a sound core of philosophy".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Lee described the book as a classic work of children's literature.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sue Walsh observed in 2007 that critics have rigidly categorised <i>Just So Stories</i> as "Children's Literature", and have in consequence given it scant literary attention. In her view, if critics mention the book at all, they talk about what kind of reading is good for children and what they are capable of understanding. The stories are discussed, she argues, by critics such as Elliott Gose "in terms of ideas about the child’s pleasure (conceived of in sensual terms divorced of intellectual understanding) in the oral aspects of the text which are said to prompt an ‘active Participation’ which seems largely to be understood in terms of the ‘oral savouring’ of repetition".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolutionary_developmental_biology">Evolutionary developmental biology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Evolutionary developmental biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The molecular biologist <a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Fitch" title="Walter M. Fitch">Walter M. Fitch</a> remarked in 2012 (published posthumously) that the stories, while "delightful", are "very <a href="/wiki/Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckian</a>", giving the example of the stretching of the elephant's snout in a tug-of-war, as the acquired trait (a long <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(elephant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk (elephant)">trunk</a>) is inherited by all the elephant's descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_I._Held" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis I. Held">Lewis I. Held</a>'s 2014 account of <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">evolutionary developmental biology</a> ("evo-devo"), <i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Snake_Lost_its_Legs" class="mw-redirect" title="How the Snake Lost its Legs">How the Snake Lost its Legs: Curious Tales from the Frontier of Evo-Devo</a></i>, noted that while Kipling's <i>Just So Stories</i> "offered fabulous tales about how the leopard got its spots, how the elephant got its trunk, and so forth [and] remains one of the most popular children's books of all time", fables "are poor substitutes for real understanding." Held aimed "to blend <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwin's rigor</a> with Kipling's whimsy", naming the many "Curious Tales" such as "How the Duck Got its Bill" in his book in the style of <i>Just So Stories</i>, and observing that truth could be stranger than fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-Held_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Held-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sean_B._Carroll" title="Sean B. Carroll">Sean B. Carroll</a>'s 2005 book <i><a href="/wiki/Endless_Forms_Most_Beautiful_(book)" title="Endless Forms Most Beautiful (book)">Endless Forms Most Beautiful</a></i> has been called a new <i>Just So Stories</i>, one that explains the "spots, stripes, and bumps" that had attracted Kipling's attention in his children's stories. A reviewer in <i><a href="/wiki/BioScience" title="BioScience">BioScience</a></i> suggested that "Kipling would be riveted."<sup id="cite_ref-BioScience_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioScience-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/20px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/30px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/41px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Children%27s_literature" title="Portal:Children's literature">Children's literature portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_So_Songs" title="Just So Songs">Just So Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just-so_story" title="Just-so story">Just-so story</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book" title="The Jungle Book">The Jungle Book</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fitch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fitch_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitch_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFitch2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Fitch" title="Walter M. Fitch">Fitch, Walter M.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q_yfYwK9224C&pg=PA157"><i>The Three Failures of Creationism: Logic, Rhetoric, and Science</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 157–158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95166-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95166-2"><bdi>978-0-520-95166-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Failures+of+Creationism%3A+Logic%2C+Rhetoric%2C+and+Science&rft.pages=157-158&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-520-95166-2&rft.aulast=Fitch&rft.aufirst=Walter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq_yfYwK9224C%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Held-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Held_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Held_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeld2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Held" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Held">Held, Lewis I.</a> (2014). <i>How the Snake Lost its Legs. Curious Tales from the Frontier of Evo-Devo</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. ix–xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-62139-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-62139-8"><bdi>978-1-107-62139-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+Snake+Lost+its+Legs.+Curious+Tales+from+the+Frontier+of+Evo-Devo&rft.pages=ix-xi&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-62139-8&rft.aulast=Held&rft.aufirst=Lewis+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BioScience-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BioScience_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BioScience_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMabee2005" class="citation journal cs1">Mabee, Paula M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282005%29055%5B0898%3Atnjss%5D2.0.co%3B2">"The New "Just So" Stories"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>55</b> (10): 898–899. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282005%29055%5B0898%3Atnjss%5D2.0.co%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0898:tnjss]2.0.co;2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=The+New+%22Just+So%22+Stories&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=898-899&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1641%2F0006-3568%282005%29055%5B0898%3Atnjss%5D2.0.co%3B2&rft.aulast=Mabee&rft.aufirst=Paula+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1641%252F0006-3568%25282005%2529055%255B0898%253Atnjss%255D2.0.co%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OUP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OUP_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OUP_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlin2015" class="citation web cs1">Karlin, Daniel (23 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oup.com/2015/12/kipling-stories-names/">"How the Stories Got Their Name: Kipling and the Origins of the 'Just-So' Stories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+Stories+Got+Their+Name%3A+Kipling+and+the+Origins+of+the+%27Just-So%27+Stories&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-23&rft.aulast=Karlin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oup.com%2F2015%2F12%2Fkipling-stories-names%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/art/illustration/kipling/index.html">"Illustrations by Rudyard Kipling"</a>. The Victorian Web<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illustrations+by+Rudyard+Kipling&rft.pub=The+Victorian+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Fvictorian%2Fart%2Fillustration%2Fkipling%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Just So Stories</i>, Rudyard Kipling, author and illustrator, additional color plates by Joseph M. Gleeson. Connecticut: Konecky and Konecky, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56852-377-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-56852-377-7">1-56852-377-7</a> (reprint of Doubleday & Co 1912 edition)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=ti%3AJust+So+Stories+au%3ARudyard+Kipling&fq=x0%3Abook+%3E+mt%3Afic+%3E+mt%3Ajuv&qt=advanced&dblist=638">"Search results for 'ti:Just So Stories au:Rudyard Kipling' > 'Book' > 'Fiction' > 'Juvenile'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. WorldCat<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Animator.ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Rhinoceros+Has+Skin+With+Wrinkles&rft.pub=Animator.ru&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Suteyev&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+%28director%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimator.ru%2Fdb%2F%3Fver%3Deng%26p%3Dshow_film%26fid%3D2899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShchekalin1936" class="citation web cs1">Shchekalin, V. (director) (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animator.ru/db/?ver=eng&p=show_film&fid=2473">"A Little Elephant (How the Elephant Got His Trunk))"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stiles+and+Drewe+-+Just+So+-+History&rft.pub=Stiles+and+Drewe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stilesanddrewe.com%2Fshows%2Fjustso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoynton1903" class="citation web cs1">Boynton, H. W. (May 1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/past/unbound/classrev/kipling.htm">"Just So Stories, by Rudyard Kipling. A review by H. W. Boynton"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Just+So+Stories%2C+by+Rudyard+Kipling.+A+review+by+H.+W.+Boynton&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=1903-05&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=H.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpast%2Funbound%2Fclassrev%2Fkipling.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2013" class="citation web cs1">Lee, John (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199799558/obo-9780199799558-0120.xml">"Rudyard Kipling"</a>. <i>Oxford Bibliographies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Rudyard+Kipling&rft.date=2013-07&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199799558%2Fobo-9780199799558-0120.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2007" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, Sue (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_kent_walsh.htm">"Kipling's Children and the Category of 'Children's Literature'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. The Kipling Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kipling%27s+Children+and+the+Category+of+%27Children%27s+Literature%27&rft.pub=The+Kipling+Society&rft.date=2007-09&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiplingsociety.co.uk%2Frg_kent_walsh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJust+So+Stories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_So_Stories&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Just_So_Stories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Just So Stories">Just So Stories</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/rudyard-kipling/just-so-stories">Just So Stories</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/2781">Just So Stories</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Just+So+Stories&author=KIPLING&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Just So Stories</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boop.org/jan/justso/">Full text of the stories, including Kipling's illustrations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storynory.com/2006/01/24/the-elephants-child/">"The Elephant's Child"</a>, free audio story, <i>Storynory,</i> January 24, 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HowTheElephantGotHisTrunk">"How the Elephant Got His Trunk"</a>, archived audio recording by ArtsSmarts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigbible.org/children/justso.htm"><i>The Just So Stories</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819094957/http://bigbible.org/children/justso.htm">Archived</a> 19 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, read by Tim Bulkeley, Bib Bible</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Plain_Tales_from_the_Hills" title="Plain Tales from the Hills">Plain Tales from the Hills</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_Three" title="Soldiers Three">Soldiers Three</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Gadsbys" title="The Story of the Gadsbys">The Story of the Gadsbys</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Black_and_White_(short_story_collection)" title="In Black and White (short story collection)">In Black and White</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_%27Rickshaw_and_Other_Tales" title="The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Other Tales">The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Other Tales</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Deodars" title="Under the Deodars">Under the Deodars</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wee_Willie_Winkie_and_Other_Child_Stories" title="Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories">Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Sea_to_Sea_and_Other_Sketches,_Letters_of_Travel" title="From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel">From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barrack-Room_Ballads" title="Barrack-Room Ballads">Barrack-Room Ballads</a></i> (1892, poetry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Many_Inventions" title="Many Inventions">Many Inventions</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book" title="The Jungle Book">The Jungle Book</a></i> (1894) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Mowgli%27s_Brothers" title="Mowgli's Brothers">Mowgli's Brothers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kaa%27s_Hunting" title="Kaa's Hunting">Kaa's Hunting</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tiger!_Tiger!_(Kipling_short_story)" title="Tiger! Tiger! (Kipling short story)">Tiger! Tiger!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" title="Rikki-Tikki-Tavi">Rikki-Tikki-Tavi</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Jungle_Book" title="The Second Jungle Book">The Second Jungle Book</a></i> (1895) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Letting_in_the_Jungle" title="Letting in the Jungle">Letting in the Jungle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_Dog_(Kipling_short_story)" title="Red Dog (Kipling short story)">Red Dog</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Mowgli_Stories" title="All the Mowgli Stories">All the Mowgli Stories</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1895</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Seas_(poetry_collection)" title="The Seven Seas (poetry collection)">The Seven Seas</a></i> (1896, poetry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day%27s_Work" title="The Day's Work">The Day's Work</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stalky_%26_Co." title="Stalky & Co.">Stalky & Co.</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Just So Stories</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Nations" title="The Five Nations">The Five Nations</a></i> (1903, poetry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puck_of_Pook%27s_Hill" title="Puck of Pook's Hill">Puck of Pook's Hill</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rewards_and_Fairies" title="Rewards and Fairies">Rewards and Fairies</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fringes_of_the_Fleet" title="The Fringes of the Fleet">The Fringes of the Fleet</a></i> (1915, non-fiction)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Debits_and_Credits_(book)" title="Debits and Credits (book)">Debits and Credits</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limits_and_Renewals" title="Limits and Renewals">Limits and Renewals</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling%27s_Verse:_Definitive_Edition" title="Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition">Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_of_Kipling%27s_Verse" title="A Choice of Kipling's Verse">A Choice of Kipling's Verse</a></i> (by T. S. Eliot, 1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Absent-Minded_Beggar" title="The Absent-Minded Beggar">The Absent-Minded Beggar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_the_%22Clampherdown%22" title="The Ballad of the "Clampherdown"">The Ballad of the 'Clampherdown'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_East_and_West" title="The Ballad of East and West">The Ballad of East and West</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Beginnings" title="The Beginnings">The Beginnings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Buoy" title="The Bell Buoy">The Bell Buoy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Betrothed_(poem)" title="The Betrothed (poem)">The Betrothed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Big_Steamers" title="Big Steamers">Big Steamers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boots_(poem)" title="Boots (poem)">Boots</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cold_Iron_(poem)" title="Cold Iron (poem)">Cold Iron</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dane-geld_(poem)" title="Dane-geld (poem)">Dane-geld</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Danny_Deever" title="Danny Deever">Danny Deever</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Death-Bed" title="A Death-Bed">A Death-Bed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Female_of_the_Species_(poem)" title="The Female of the Species (poem)">The Female of the Species</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fuzzy-Wuzzy" title="Fuzzy-Wuzzy">Fuzzy-Wuzzy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gentleman_ranker" title="Gentleman ranker">Gentleman ranker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Gods_of_the_Copybook_Headings" title="The Gods of the Copybook Headings">The Gods of the Copybook Headings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gunga_Din" title="Gunga Din">Gunga Din</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hymn_Before_Action" title="Hymn Before Action">Hymn Before Action</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If%E2%80%94" title="If—">If—</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Neolithic_Age" title="In the Neolithic Age">In the Neolithic Age</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Pilgrimage" title="The King's Pilgrimage">The King's Pilgrimage</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Light_Brigade" title="The Last of the Light Brigade">The Last of the Light Brigade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lowestoft_Boat" title="The Lowestoft Boat">The Lowestoft Boat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mandalay_(poem)" title="Mandalay (poem)">Mandalay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mary_Gloster" title="The Mary Gloster">The <i>Mary Gloster</i></a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/McAndrew%27s_Hymn" title="McAndrew's Hymn">McAndrew's Hymn</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Boy_Jack_(poem)" title="My Boy Jack (poem)">My Boy Jack</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Recessional_(poem)" title="Recessional (poem)">Recessional</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Song_in_Storm" title="A Song in Storm">A Song in Storm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sons_of_Martha" title="The Sons of Martha">The Sons of Martha</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Submarines_(poem)" title="Submarines (poem)">Submarines</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sweepers_(poem)" title="The Sweepers (poem)">The Sweepers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tommy_(Kipling_poem)" title="Tommy (Kipling poem)">Tommy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ubique_(poem)" title="Ubique (poem)">Ubique</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">The White Man's Burden</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/.007" title=".007">.007</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Arrest_of_Lieutenant_Golightly" title="The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly">The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baa_Baa,_Black_Sheep_(short_story)" title="Baa Baa, Black Sheep (short story)">Baa Baa, Black Sheep</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bread_upon_the_Waters" title="Bread upon the Waters">Bread upon the Waters</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Broken-Link_Handicap" title="The Broken-Link Handicap">The Broken-Link Handicap</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Butterfly_that_Stamped" title="The Butterfly that Stamped">The Butterfly that Stamped</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consequences_(Kipling_story)" title="Consequences (Kipling story)">Consequences</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Aurelian_McGoggin" title="The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin">The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cupid%27s_Arrows" title="Cupid's Arrows">Cupid's Arrows</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_the_Deep_Sea" title="The Devil and the Deep Sea">The Devil and the Deep Sea</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Drums_of_the_Fore_and_Aft" title="The Drums of the Fore and Aft">The Drums of the Fore and Aft</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fairy-Kist" title="Fairy-Kist">Fairy-Kist</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/False_Dawn_(short_story)" title="False Dawn (short story)">False Dawn</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Germ-Destroyer" title="A Germ-Destroyer">A Germ-Destroyer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/His_Chance_in_Life" title="His Chance in Life">His Chance in Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/His_Wedded_Wife" title="His Wedded Wife">His Wedded Wife</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_House_of_Suddhoo" title="In the House of Suddhoo">In the House of Suddhoo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(short_story)" title="Kidnapped (short story)">Kidnapped</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Learoyd,_Mulvaney_and_Ortheris" title="Learoyd, Mulvaney and Ortheris">Learoyd, Mulvaney and Ortheris</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lispeth" title="Lispeth">Lispeth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Would_Be_King" title="The Man Who Would Be King">The Man Who Would Be King</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Fact" title="A Matter of Fact">A Matter of Fact</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Miss_Youghal%27s_Sais" title="Miss Youghal's Sais">Miss Youghal's Sais</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mother_Hive" title="The Mother Hive">The Mother Hive</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Other_Man_(short_story)" title="The Other Man (short story)">The Other Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rescue_of_Pluffles" title="The Rescue of Pluffles">The Rescue of Pluffles</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ship_that_Found_Herself" title="The Ship that Found Herself">The Ship that Found Herself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sing-Song_of_Old_Man_Kangaroo" title="The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo">The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Taking_of_Lungtungpen" title="The Taking of Lungtungpen">The Taking of Lungtungpen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_and_%E2%80%93_an_Extra" title="Three and – an Extra">Three and – an Extra</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(short_story)" title="The Three Musketeers (short story)">The Three Musketeers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thrown_Away" title="Thrown Away">Thrown Away</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Toomai_of_the_Elephants" title="Toomai of the Elephants">Toomai of the Elephants</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Watches_of_the_Night" title="Watches of the Night">Watches of the Night</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wireless_(short_story)" title="Wireless (short story)">Wireless</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yoked_with_an_Unbeliever" title="Yoked with an Unbeliever">Yoked with an Unbeliever</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling_bibliography" title="Rudyard Kipling bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateman%27s" title="Bateman's">Bateman's (house)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Railway_Library" title="Indian Railway Library">Indian Railway Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_of_the_Calling_of_an_Engineer" title="Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer">Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ring" title="Iron Ring">Iron Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_jungle" title="Law of the jungle">Law of the jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Board_of_Control" title="Aerial Board of Control">Aerial Board of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Boy_Jack_(play)" title="My Boy Jack (play)"><i>My Boy Jack</i></a> (1997 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling:_A_Remembrance_Tale" title="Rudyard Kipling: A Remembrance Tale">Rudyard Kipling: A Remembrance Tale</a></i> (2006 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Boy_Jack_(film)" title="My Boy Jack (film)"><i>My Boy Jack</i></a> (2007 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Starr_Balestier_Kipling" title="Caroline Starr Balestier Kipling">Caroline Starr Balestier Kipling</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Bambridge" title="Elsie Bambridge">Elsie Bambridge</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kipling" title="John Kipling">John Kipling</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lockwood_Kipling" title="John Lockwood Kipling">John Lockwood Kipling</a> <small>(father)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDonald_sisters" title="MacDonald sisters">MacDonald sisters</a> <small>(mother's family)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> <small>(cousin)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Burne-Jones" title="Georgiana Burne-Jones">Georgiana Burne-Jones</a> <small>(aunt)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Burne-Jones" title="Philip Burne-Jones">Philip Burne-Jones</a> <small>(cousin)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Poynter" title="Edward Poynter">Edward Poynter</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baldwin_(politician)" title="Alfred Baldwin (politician)">Alfred Baldwin</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7557829-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88013411">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35272840">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/319705">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810599018805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007366627605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th 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