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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interwiki linking</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Help page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Help_talk:Interwiki_linking" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--editLock"></span> <span>View source</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikimedia help page</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For linking to an article on a different-language Wikipedia within an article, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a>. For a list of Wikipedias in other languages with their language codes, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Details_table" title="List of Wikipedias">List of Wikipedias § Details table</a>. For a list of Wikimedia projects, see <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation#Wikimedia_projects" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation § Wikimedia projects</a>, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_Wikimedia_projects" class="extiw" title="m:Complete list of Wikimedia projects">m:Complete list of Wikimedia projects</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">Special:SiteMatrix</a>. 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It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:INTERWIKI"></span><span id="WP:INTER"></span><span id="WP:IW"></span><span id="H:IW"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INTERWIKI&redirect=no">WP:INTERWIKI</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INTER&redirect=no">WP:INTER</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:IW&redirect=no">WP:IW</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IW&redirect=no">H:IW</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation{background-color:#101418;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-title{background-color:#202122;color:white}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist linking-and-page-manipulation notheme"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Integrate" title="Wikipedia:Integrate">Linking and<br>page manipulation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Linking and diffs</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage links</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interwiki linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:External_link_icons" title="Help:External link icons">External link icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Plainlinks" title="Help:Plainlinks">Plainlinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Self_link" title="Help:Self link">Self links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Manual of Style on linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">Navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Links" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Links">Template index for links</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Categorization</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization guideline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Container_category" title="Wikipedia:Container category">Container category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">FAQ for categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories">FAQ for categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_articles_about_people" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people">Categorizing articles about people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:People_by_year" title="Wikipedia:People by year">By year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_redirects" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects">Redirect categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories" title="Wikipedia:User categories">User categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization">Overcategorization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization/User_categories" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization/User categories">User categories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Category_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace">Template index for categories</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Moving and redirecting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">How to move a page for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">Requested moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_guide/Fixing_cut-and-paste_moves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Fixing cut-and-paste moves">How to fix cut-and-paste moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userfication" title="Wikipedia:Userfication">Userfication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title='Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"'>Non-admin and admin-only moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving">Template index for moving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_pages" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages">Template index for redirects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Merging</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_article_mergers" title="Wikipedia:Proposed article mergers">Proposed article mergers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_history_merge" title="Wikipedia:Requests for history merge">Requests for history merge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merge_and_delete" title="Wikipedia:Merge and delete">Merge and delete?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merge_what%3F" title="Wikipedia:Merge what?">Merge what?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Delete_or_merge" title="Wikipedia:Delete or merge">Delete or merge?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Merging" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Merging">Template index for merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Merge" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Merge">WikiProject Merge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Splitting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">Splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Splitting">Template index for splitting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Importing and copying</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_import_articles" title="Help:How to import articles">How to import articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_importation" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page importation">Requests for page importation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Copying within Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Protecting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Protection" title="Help:Protection">Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Protection policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:High-risk_templates" title="Wikipedia:High-risk templates">High-risk templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Requests for page protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rough_guide_to_semi-protection" title="Wikipedia:Rough guide to semi-protection">Rough guide to semi-protection</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Additional</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_creation" title="Wikipedia:Article creation">Article creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_process" title="Wikipedia:Deletion process">Deletion process</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Template:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Template talk:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Interwiki linking</b> can be a link to <i>another project</i>, to <i>another language</i> and both, to <i>another project in another language</i>. </p> <ul><li><b>Interproject links:</b> By adding a prefix to another <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation#Wikimedia_projects" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia project</a>, internal link style ("prefixed internal link style") can be used to <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">link</a> to a page of another project. A system of short-handed link labels is used to refer to different projects, in the context of interproject linking, as seen within the actual source text.</li></ul> <dl><dd>For example, to link from here to the "surfeit" article on Wiktionary, you have to include the interwiki link <code>[[wikt:surfeit]]</code> which would appear as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surfeit" class="extiw" title="wikt:surfeit">wikt:surfeit</a> or the interwiki link <code>[[wikt:surfeit|surfeit]]</code> which would appear as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surfeit" class="extiw" title="wikt:surfeit">surfeit</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage links</a>:</b> These are interwiki links linking different language editions of the same project. Wikimedia Projects with different language editions are: <ul style="columns: 2 15em;"><li>Wikipedia</li><li>Wiktionary</li><li>Wikisource</li><li>Wikiquote</li><li>Wikibooks</li><li>Wikiversity</li><li>Wikivoyage</li><li>Wikinews</li></ul> There are two types of interlanguage links: those displayed in the page's <i>languages dropdown menu</i> and those displayed <i>inline</i>. Here an example for both types if placed in the English Wikipedia article <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a>: <ol><li><code>[[fr:Pomme]]</code>: This produces a link to the French Wikipedia article <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomme" class="extiw" title="fr:Pomme">Pomme</a> in the "Languages" menu of the page. <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_information_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="information" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/27px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/36px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></a></span><b> Note:</b> Since 2013 this type of interlanguage link is usually centralized through <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikidata" title="Wikipedia:Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, which you can edit either by opening the Wikidata item, or selecting "Add language".</li> <li><code>[[:fr:Pomme]]</code>: This produces an inline interlanguage link <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomme" class="extiw" title="fr:Pomme">fr:Pomme</a> in the English Wikipedia article.</li></ol></li></ul> <p>This is called interwiki. For each project, an <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map" class="extiw" title="m:Interwiki map">interwiki map</a> (a list of target projects with their prefixes) is specified (<a href="/wiki/Special:Interwiki" title="Special:Interwiki">Special:Interwiki</a>). These target projects do not require MediaWiki and do not even have to be a wiki. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Interwiki linking from and within Wikimedia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Prefix codes for linking to Wikimedia sister projects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Special_versions_of_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Special versions of Wikipedia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Linking_to_international_chapters_of_Wikimedia"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Linking to international chapters of Wikimedia</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Tips for using interproject and interlanguage links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Hiding_the_visible_prefix"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hiding the visible prefix</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Doubling_prefixes"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Doubling prefixes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Examples_of_link_combinations"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Examples of link combinations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Technical"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Technical</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Prefixes"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Prefixes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Interlanguage_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Interlanguage links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Interlanguage_interwiki_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Interlanguage interwiki links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#More_examples"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">More examples</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Interwiki_links_versus_external_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Interwiki links versus external links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Interwiki_links_to_the_same_wiki_versus_internal_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Interwiki links to the same wiki versus internal links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span>Interwiki linking from and within Wikimedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span>Prefix codes for linking to Wikimedia sister projects<span class="anchor" id="Project_codes"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span></h3></div> <dl><dd><i>See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects#Linking_between_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects #Linking between projects</a> for a compact overview</i></dd></dl> <p>Unless a <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="metawikipedia:List of Wikipedias">language code</a> is added, the following interwiki prefix codes link to the Wikiprojects in English. </p><p>Note that some links don't work as expected within the same project, e.g., <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Test">meta:Test</a> on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="metawiki:">Meta</a> itself would mean <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Test" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Meta:Test">m:Meta:Test</a>, a different page. Outside of Wikimedia sister projects, only <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Test">metawikipedia:Test</a> might work for <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Test">m:Test</a>. </p><p>Wikimedia projects with different language editions are <b>bold</b>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Project </th> <th>Long form </th> <th>Shortcut </th> <th>Pagename template </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[wikipedia:]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">w:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wikipedia in another language (<a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">help</a>) </td> <td><code>[[<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">language code</a></i>:wikipedia:]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">language code</a></i>:]]</code>, <code>[[w:<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">language code</a></i>:]]</code> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simple_English_Wikipedia" title="Simple English Wikipedia">Simple English Wikipedia</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="simple:">simple:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nost:">Nostalgia</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nostalgia:">nostalgia:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nost:">nost:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="testwiki:">Test Wikipedia</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="testwiki:">testwiki:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:">wiktionary:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">wikt:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wiktionary" title="Template:Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:">wikiquote:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">q:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikiquote" title="Template:Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikisource:">wikisource:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">s:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikisource" title="Template:Wikisource">Wikisource</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> (common repository) </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="oldwikisource:">oldwikisource:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:WikisourceWiki" title="Template:WikisourceWiki">WikisourceWiki</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:">wikibooks:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">b:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikibooks" title="Template:Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:">wikiversity:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">v:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikiversity" title="Template:Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a> Beta </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="betawikiversity:">betawikiversity:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:">wikispecies:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:">species:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikispecies" title="Template:Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikinews" title="Wikinews">Wikinews</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikinews:">wikinews:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">n:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikinews" title="Template:Wikinews">Wikinews</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></b> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:">wikivoyage:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">voy:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikivoyage" title="Template:Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://wikispore.wmflabs.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikispore:">Wikispore</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikispore.wmflabs.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikispore:">wikispore:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Incubator</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="incubator:">incubator:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Incubator" title="Template:Incubator">Incubator</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikidata:">wikidata:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">d:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikidata_property" title="Template:Wikidata property">Wikidata property</a>|property id|topic}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">commons:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">c:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Commons" title="Template:Commons">Commons</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikifunctions" title="Wikifunctions">Wikifunctions</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikifunctions:">wikifunctions:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="f:">f:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikifunctions" title="Template:Wikifunctions">Wikifunctions</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">mediawikiwiki:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">mw:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:MediaWiki" title="Template:MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikitech:">Wikitech</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikitech:">wikitech:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="labsconsole:">labsconsole:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services#Toolforge" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Toolforge</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/" class="extiw" title="toolforge:">toolforge:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a> <small>(formerly Bugzilla and MediaZilla)</small> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="phab:">phabricator:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=" class="extiw" title="bugzilla:">bugzilla:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mediazilla:">mediazilla:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="phab:">phab:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Phab" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Phab">Phab</a>|Tasknumber}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:About" class="extiw" title="m:Meta:About">Wikimedia Meta-Wiki</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="metawiki:">metawiki:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="metawikimedia:">metawikimedia:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="metawikipedia:">metawikipedia:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">meta:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">m:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Meta" title="Template:Meta">Meta</a>|Pagename}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://quality.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="quality:">Wikimedia Quality</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://quality.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="quality:">quality:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/OTRS" class="extiw" title="metawiki:OTRS">Wikimedia OTRS</a><small> (ticket with TicketID, </small><small>ticket with TicketNumber)</small> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://vrt-wiki.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="otrswiki:">otrswiki:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketID=000000" class="extiw" title="otrs:000000">otrs:000000</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=0000000000000000" class="extiw" title="ticket:0000000000000000">ticket:0000000000000000</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Governance_Wiki" class="extiw" title="m:Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki">Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="foundation:">wikimedia:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="foundation:">foundation:</a>]]</code> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmf:">wmf:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2010-2015" class="extiw" title="m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2010-2015">Wikimedia Strategic Planning</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://strategy.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="strategy:">strategy:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="outreach:">Outreach Wiki</a> </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="outreach:">outreach:</a>]]</code>, <code>[[<a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="outreach:">outreachwiki:</a>]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Other current Wikimedia prefixes: <a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="betawikiversity:">betawikiversity:</a>, <a href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org//latest/" class="extiw" title="dbdump:">dbdump:</a>, <a href="https://releases.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="download:">download:</a>, <a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/" class="extiw" title="gerrit:">gerrit:</a>, <a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:">mail:</a>, <a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/" class="extiw" title="mailarchive:">mailarchive:</a>, <a href="https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketID=" class="extiw" title="otrs:">otrs:</a>, <a href="https://vrt-wiki.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="otrswiki:">OTRSwiki:</a>, <a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="outreach:">outreach:</a>, <a href="https://quality.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="quality:">quality:</a>, <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Code/MediaWiki/" class="extiw" title="rev:">rev:</a>, <a href="https://spcom.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="spcom:">spcom:</a>, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAuth/" class="extiw" title="sulutil:">sulutil:</a>, <a href="https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/?view=log" class="extiw" title="svn:">svn:</a>, <a href="https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=" class="extiw" title="ticket:">ticket:</a>, <a href="//toolserver.org/" class="extiw" title="tools:">tools:</a>, <a href="//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Toolserver:" class="extiw" title="tswiki:">tswiki:</a>, <a href="https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wm2016:">wm2016:</a>, <a href="https://wikimania2017.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wm2017:">wm2017:</a>, <a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmania:">wmania:</a>, <a href="https://wikiconference.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikiconference:">wikiconference:</a>. See a complete list of current and old but still working prefixes for all Wikimedia wikis at the <a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">Special:SiteMatrix</a>. See a complete list of all possible interwiki prefixes at <a href="/wiki/Special:Interwiki" title="Special:Interwiki">Special:Interwiki</a>. </p><p>Some of the <b>long forms</b> do not work as expected within the same project; for example <kbd>[[meta:]]</kbd> does not work on Meta, while <kbd>[[metawikipedia:]]</kbd> does. This depends on the configuration of the wiki and where the names are stored (see also next paragraph). The <b>shortcuts</b> work everywhere. The <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map" class="extiw" title="m:Interwiki map">interwiki map</a> on Meta lists many prefixes, among others, <kbd>[[wikipedia:]]</kbd> for the English Wikipedia, working from any Wiki supporting the Meta interwiki map, not only from MediaWiki wikis. Some prefixes work only with a page, for example: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:" class="extiw" title="wikipediawikipedia:">wikipediawikipedia:</a> (fails) vs. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Interwiki_link" class="extiw" title="wikipediawikipedia:Interwiki link">wikipediawikipedia:Interwiki link</a> (works). These prefixes are case insensitive. </p><p>The shortcuts are just interwikis with different histories. Wikipedia, Wikiquote etc. point to the English versions and are also included in the standard MediaWiki interwiki table (IIRC); w, q, b, wikt etc. are used like interlanguage wikilinks to link to the sisterproject in the same language (so <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/b:" class="extiw" title="it:b:">w:it:b:</a> is equivalent to <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/it:" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:it:">Wikibooks:it:</a>). </p><p>Non-Wikimedia interwiki codes have a limitation, that they can only be used through a link. For example, the entry for "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/John" class="extiw" title="wikt:John">John</a>" on Wiktionary, a Wikimedia project, can be accessed by <kbd>[[wikt:John]]</kbd> or <a class="external free" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikt:John">http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikt:John</a>. However, the latter method does not work for non-Wikimedia wikis. For example, the main page on the Mozilla Wiki can be accessed via <kbd>[[MozillaWiki:Main Page]]</kbd>, but <a class="external free" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MozillaWiki:Main_Page">http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MozillaWiki:Main_Page</a> results in an error. In these cases, Special:Search can be used (<a class="external free" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/MozillaWiki:Main_Page">http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/MozillaWiki:Main_Page</a>). You can see <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Interwiki" class="extiw" title="m:Special:Interwiki">the Interwiki special page</a> for a list of "forward" and "non-forward" prefixes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_versions_of_Wikipedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_versions_of_Wikipedia-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_versions_of_Wikipedia-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span>Special versions of Wikipedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_versions_of_Wikipedia-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span></h3></div> <p>Note that the section above includes two special versions of Wikipedia, <a href="https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomePage" class="extiw" title="nost:HomePage">nostalgia</a> and <a href="https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="testwiki:Main Page">test</a>. Nostalgia is a static copy of Wikipedia, as it was in December 20, 2001 and can be linked to by using <code>[[nost:]]</code>. Test is a version of Wikipedia for edit and software testing and can be linked to by using <code>[[testWiki:]]</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linking_to_international_chapters_of_Wikimedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking_to_international_chapters_of_Wikimedia-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking_to_international_chapters_of_Wikimedia-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span>Linking to international chapters of Wikimedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking_to_international_chapters_of_Wikimedia-Interwiki_linking_from_and_within_Wikimedia"></span></h3></div> <p>Note that these shortcuts <i>do not</i> link to the versions of Wikipedia (or to other reader-focused, information-delivering projects such as Wiktionary) in languages other than English, but instead link to the <a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">localized</a> equivalent of <a class="external text" href="http://www.wikimedia.com/">http://www.wikimedia.com</a> (that is, modified for the local language, country or culture). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom:0"> <tbody><tr> <th>27 international chapters of Wikimedia </th> <th>Shortcut </th></tr> <tr> <td>Argentina </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikimedia.org.ar/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmar:">wmar:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmau:">wmau:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bangladesh </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://bd.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmbd:">wmbd:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://be.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmbe:">wmbe:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://ca.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmca:">wmca:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Czech Republic </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikimedia.cz/" class="extiw" title="wmcz:">wmcz:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikimedia.de/" class="extiw" title="wmde:">wmde:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finland </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://fi.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmfi:">wmfi:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hong Kong </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Wikimedia Hong Kong">wmhk:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikimedia.hu/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmhu:">wmhu:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>India </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_India" class="extiw" title="wmin:">wmin:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://id.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmid:">wmid:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Israel </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikimedia.org.il/" class="extiw" title="wmil:">wmil:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wiki.wikimedia.it/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmit:">wmit:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macedonia </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://mk.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmmk:">wmmk:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://nl.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmnl:">wmnl:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://no.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmno:">wmno:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://pl.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmpl:">wmpl:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://ru.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmru:">wmru:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://rs.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmrs:">wmrs:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikimedia.es/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmes:">wmes:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://se.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmse:">wmse:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://www.wikimedia.ch/" class="extiw" title="wmch:">wmch:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkish </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://tr.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmtr:">wmtr:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Taiwan </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Taiwan" class="extiw" title="wmtw:">wmtw:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://ua.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmua:">wmua:</a>]]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td><code>[[<a href="https://wikimedia.org.uk/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmuk:">wmuk:</a>]]</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span>Tips for using interproject and interlanguage links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiding_the_visible_prefix" data-mw-thread-id="h-Hiding_the_visible_prefix-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Hiding_the_visible_prefix-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span>Hiding the visible prefix<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Hiding_the_visible_prefix-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span></h3></div> <p>To suppress the first, visible prefix in the saved page, use the <a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">pipe trick:</a> Add <code>|</code> at the end of the link, like this: <code>[[s:test|]]</code>. Upon saving your edits, it will be expanded to <code>[[s:test|test]]</code>. Note that this only works for the first prefix, so saving <code><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:test" class="extiw" title="s:en:test">en:test</a></code>, will automatically expand to <code>[[s:en:test|en:test]]</code>, not to <code>[[s:en:test|test]]</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doubling_prefixes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Doubling_prefixes-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Doubling_prefixes-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span>Doubling prefixes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Doubling_prefixes-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on foreign-language prefixes: <a href="#Interlanguage_interwiki_links">§ Interlanguage interwiki links</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the category prefix: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day/August_23,_2008" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day/August 23, 2008">Wikipedia:Tip of the day/August 23, 2008</a></div> <p>As demonstrated in <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Examples_of_link_combinations">the examples below</a>, combinations of certain prefixes are allowed, thus enabling direct page links that are not possible with a single prefix. For example, by combining two prefixes, one can link a word in the English Wikipedia to a term in the German Wiktionary, or link to a category in the Commons. </p><p>When using language codes, the order of the prefixes does not matter. Remember to put a colon in front of a link starting with a language prefix; however, the colon is optional if the link starts with the project code prefix and then has the language prefix. See the last two examples in <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Examples_of_link_combinations">the table below</a>. </p><p>When using the category prefix, the order of the prefixes <i>does</i> matter. The order must be <code>[[project:category:category-name]]</code>. Starting with a colon and the prefix <code>category</code> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking#Links_to_Wikipedia's_categories" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">links to categories on this Wikipedia</a>, creating a red link if the category doesn't exist. Without the colon but starting with the prefix <code>category</code>, nothing appears in the saved page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_of_link_combinations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples_of_link_combinations-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Examples_of_link_combinations-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span>Examples of link combinations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Examples_of_link_combinations-Tips_for_using_interproject_and_interlanguage_links"></span></h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Wikitext </th> <th>Results </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[:en:Main Page]]</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">en:Main Page</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[:de:Hauptseite]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptseite" class="extiw" title="de:Hauptseite">de:Hauptseite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[commons:Main Page]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="c:Main Page">commons:Main Page</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[commons:category:Wikimedia]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Wikimedia" class="extiw" title="c:category:Wikimedia">commons:category:Wikimedia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[wikibooks:Main Page|]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Main Page">Main Page</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[wikt:de:Rechner]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de:Rechner" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:de:Rechner">wikt:de:Rechner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[wikt:de:Rechner|de:Rechner]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de:Rechner" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:de:Rechner">de:Rechner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[wiktionary:de:Rechner|]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de:Rechner" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:de:Rechner">wiktionary:de:Rechner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>[[:wiktionary:de:Rechner|]]</code> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de:Rechner" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:de:Rechner">wiktionary:de:Rechner</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Technical" data-mw-thread-id="h-Technical"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Technical"></span>Technical<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Technical"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid#Self-reference_tools" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid § Self-reference tools</a></div> <p>A project's own namespace prefix cannot be reused as code for an external project. However, the prefix used for a target project may coincide with the prefix for a project namespace, within that project. As a result, to link to a page in that namespace, use the same prefix twice. </p><p>For portability across projects, one may want to select a link code that leads to the same target from all projects, for example: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikibooks:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="metawikipedia:wikibooks:Main Page">MetaWikipedia:wikibooks:Main Page</a>. The "superfluous" "MetaWikipedia:" prevents "wikibooks:" being interpreted as namespace prefix, when the code is used at wikibooks itself, while at Meta the "MetaWikipedia:" is ignored (it is not a namespace prefix and even at Meta itself, it is recognized as code for Meta). The codes above work from all projects; however, the <a href="/wiki/Help:Link#Wikilinks" title="Help:Link">existence detection</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Help:Self_link" title="Help:Self link">self-link feature</a> do not work on interwiki links. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prefixes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Prefixes-Technical"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Prefixes-Technical"></span>Prefixes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Prefixes-Technical"></span></h3></div> <p>Interwiki links can use prefixes for the <b>project</b> and/or for the <b>language</b>. Without the prefix, links are local, for pages in the same project and the same language. If only a language is given, they go to a page in the same (or similar) project for the specified language: </p> <pre>[[:fr:]] <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">fr:</a> [[:os:]] <a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="os:">os:</a> </pre> <p>If only the project is specified, they typically go to the language of the source, see above. At most, two prefixes are needed for pages in any existing project and any supported language: </p> <pre>[[s:de:Hauptseite]] <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:Hauptseite" class="extiw" title="s:de:Hauptseite">s:de:Hauptseite</a> [[b:en:Main page]] <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/en:Main_page" class="extiw" title="b:en:Main page">b:en:Main page</a> </pre> <p>In the case of more than one prefix, a page name has to be specified. For example, while <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">w:</a> and <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">en:</a> from Meta lead to the English Wikipedia's main page, a bare <code>[[w:en:]]</code> does not work: <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">w:en:</a>. </p><p>If the language is different, specifying it before the project can also work: </p> <pre>[[:de:q:Hauptseite]] <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:Hauptseite" class="extiw" title="de:q:Hauptseite">de:q:Hauptseite</a> [[:en:n:Main page]] <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_page" class="extiw" title="n:Main page">en:n:Main page</a> [[n:en:Main page]] <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/en:Main_page" class="extiw" title="n:en:Main page">n:en:Main page</a> </pre> <p>The second example doesn't work from English Wikipedia <code>w:en:</code> pages; a project prefix before the language is better. </p><p>More than two prefixes are generally unnecessary; the following examples should work everywhere: </p> <pre>[[m:Help:Help]] <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Help" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Help">m:Help:Help</a> [[w:Interwiki]] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interwiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interwiki (page does not exist)">w:Interwiki</a> </pre> <p>Two prefixes can have unexpected effects; for example, from <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta</a>, the following links end up on different pages: </p> <pre>[[m:en:About]] <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/en:About" class="extiw" title="m:en:About">m:en:About</a> [[:en:m:About]] <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/About" class="extiw" title="m:About">en:m:About</a> [[m:About]] <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/About" class="extiw" title="m:About">m:About</a> </pre> <p>In the first case <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta</a> ignores the <code>m:</code>, because it is local and then, interprets <code>en:</code> as <code>w:en:</code>, the prefix for the English Wikipedia. In the second case, the leading <code>en:</code> goes to the English Wikipedia, where the following <code>m:</code> goes straight back to <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/About" class="extiw" title="m:About">Meta</a>. The second example doesn't work at all, from English Wikipedia <code>w:en:</code> pages, only the third example works everywhere. </p><p>In other words, multiple prefixes are evaluated left to right by the relevant Wikimedia servers (project and language). For projects without different languages, like <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta</a> (because Meta is multilingual by itself), language prefixes can be handled as shorthands for <code>w:</code> plus the specified language: </p> <pre>[[:pl:2006]] <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" class="extiw" title="pl:2006">pl:2006</a> [[w:pl:2006]] <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" class="extiw" title="pl:2006">w:pl:2006</a> [[:pl:w:2006]] <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/w:2006" class="extiw" title="pl:w:2006">pl:w:2006</a> </pre> <p>From <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta</a>, the first two links both arrive at the Polish 2006 page. The third arrives at the English <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">Wikipedia</a>, because that's how the server selected by <code>:pl:</code> interprets the second prefix <code>w:</code>. </p><p>For a portable link on that server, it would be a bad idea to use <code>w:</code>, but <code>:pl:</code> does the trick. To test that effect from <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta</a>, the following links should go to the same page: </p> <pre>[[:ja:2006]] <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" class="extiw" title="ja:2006">ja:2006</a> [[:ja:ja:2006]] <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:2006" class="extiw" title="ja:ja:2006">ja:ja:2006</a> </pre> <p>A universal interwiki link, that is, one that works no matter from which Wikimedia wiki, can be written [[m:<i>project</i>:<i>language</i>:<i>page name</i>]] (e.g. <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/b:nl:Wiskunde" class="extiw" title="m:b:nl:Wiskunde">m:b:nl:Wiskunde</a>); this routes the parsing of the links via Meta (<a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4285" class="extiw" title="bugzilla:4285">bug 4285</a>). <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/mos:Soraogo" class="extiw" title="m:mos:Soraogo">m:mos:Soraogo</a> links the mos Wikipedia. MOS is a namespace at the English Wikipedia so <code>[[mos:Soraogo]]</code> would be a local link. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Interlanguage_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interlanguage_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interlanguage_links"></span>Interlanguage links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interlanguage_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a></div> <p><b>Interlanguage links</b> are links from any page (most notably articles) in one language edition of Wikipedia (or another Wikimedia project with different language editions) to one or more nearly equivalent or exactly equivalent pages in another language edition of <i>the same</i> Wikimedia project. As of February 2013, the use of "local" links for interlanguage linking has been deprecated, with interlanguage link data being centralized on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikidata" title="Wikipedia:Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Data_model" title="Data model">structured</a> <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">knowledge base</a> project. Pages with their interlanguage links on Wikidata display an "Edit links" button under the language list. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_information_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="information" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png" data-alt="information" data-width="18" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/27px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/36px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><b> Note:</b> The information below is <b>deprecated</b>, and kept for historical purposes. </p><p>Prior to February 2013, interwiki links were generated using "local" links within articles, taking the form <code>[[language code:Title]]</code>, where the language code is the two-letter code as per <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a>. (See <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="m:List of Wikipedias">Complete list of language Wikipedias available</a>: English language is "en", German is "de", etc.) So, for example, in the English language article on <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a>, which is available on many other wikis, the interlanguage links might look like this: </p> <pre>[[ar:عوالق]] [[de:Plankton]] [[eo:Planktono]] [[es:Plancton]] [[fr:Plancton]] [[nl:Plankton]] [[ja:プランクトン]] [[ko:플랑크톤]] [[pl:Plankton]] [[pt:Plâncton]] [[ru:Планктон]] [[simple:Plankton]] [[zh:浮游生物界]]</pre> <p>These links do not show up in the article, but instead populate the "Languages" list on the sidebar. While they can be theoretically located anywhere in the article, they were typically placed at the bottom. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Interlanguage_interwiki_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interlanguage_interwiki_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interlanguage_interwiki_links"></span>Interlanguage interwiki links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interlanguage_interwiki_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Technical">Help:Interwiki linking § Technical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links#Inline_links_(links_in_the_text_of_the_article)" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links § Inline links (links in the text of the article)</a></div> <p>Inline links to foreign-language Wikiprojects can be made by adding the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">language code</a> as a prefix: </p> <ul><li>To <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">link to a Wikipedia article</a> in a particular language inline (as opposed to the links in the sidebar), use <code>[[:language code:Title]]</code>.</li> <li>To link to a page on a different project in a particular language, expand the above syntax with a code for the project from the table below in <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects">§ Prefix codes for linking to projects</a>, as in <code>[[:project:language code:Title]]</code> or <code>[[:language code:project:Title]]</code>.</li></ul> <dl><dd>For example, <code>[[:s:de:Salz]]</code> or <code>[[:de:s:Salz]]</code> will link to the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Salz" class="extiw" title="de:s:Salz">Salz page on the German-language Wikisource</a> as <code>de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Salz</code>, <code>[[:wikt:fr:sel]]</code> or <code>[[:fr:wikt:sel]]</code> to the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fr:sel" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fr:sel">sel page on the French-language Wiktionary</a> as <code>en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fr:sel</code>, etc. See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Doubling_prefixes">§ Doubling prefixes</a> for more tips and examples, plus information on doubling with the <code>category</code> prefix.</dd></dl> <p>For language codes, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">list of Wikipedias</a>. Remember to put a colon in front of a link starting with a language code prefix, or the saved edit will not show it at all; however, the colon is optional if the link starts with the project code prefix and then has the language code prefix. </p><p>The interlanguage link feature works on Wikimedia Commons and Wikispecies, producing links to the Wikipedias. This is not reciprocal, a link from a Wikipedia to Commons or Wikispecies is an in-page link. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-More_examples-Interlanguage_interwiki_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-More_examples-Interlanguage_interwiki_links"></span>More examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-More_examples-Interlanguage_interwiki_links"></span></h3></div> <p>To link from en.Wikipedia to the Chinese language Wikisource page <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%8F" class="extiw" title="s:zh:天問">天問</a>, but without the misleading and distracting appearance of an external link: </p> <dl><dd>Type: <kbd>[[s:zh:天問]]</kbd> to get: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%8F" class="extiw" title="s:zh:天問">s:zh:天問</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Or, using piping, type: <kbd>[[s:zh:天問|天問]]</kbd> or <kbd>[[s:zh:天問|Heavenly Questions]]</kbd> to get: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%8F" class="extiw" title="s:zh:天問">天問</a> or <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%8F" class="extiw" title="s:zh:天問">Heavenly Questions</a></dd></dl> <p>For an article that exists in German but not yet in English, use: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Interlanguage_link" title="Template:Interlanguage link">interlanguage link</a>|Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte|de}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Ill" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ill">ill</a>|Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte|de}}</code> to get: <a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_Deutscher_Naturforscher_und_%C3%84rzte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte">Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_Deutscher_Naturforscher_und_%C3%84rzte" class="extiw" title="de:Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte">de</a>]</span>. Once the English article is written, the blue <small><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_Deutscher_Naturforscher_und_%C3%84rzte" class="extiw" title="de:Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte">de</a></small> link will disappear. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Interwiki_links_versus_external_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interwiki_links_versus_external_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interwiki_links_versus_external_links"></span>Interwiki links versus external links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interwiki_links_versus_external_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Disadvantages of interwiki links: </p> <ul><li>The wikitext is less portable across wikis, because wikis do not always have an interwiki prefix for the same sites and even if they do, the prefixes may differ.</li> <li>There is no feature to find interwiki links, while searching for an external link can be done with <a href="/wiki/Special:LinkSearch" title="Special:LinkSearch">Special:Linksearch</a>. This is because, while there is an <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Externallinks_table" class="extiw" title="mw:Externallinks table">external links table</a>, there is no such thing for interwiki links. The <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/interwiki_table" class="extiw" title="mw:interwiki table">interwiki table</a> only stores the interwiki prefixes with their targets as function of the parameter, not the instances of the links. Using the general text search, to search for interwiki links, is more work for the server and therefore, it may be slow, not up-to-date or in busy hours, disabled. See also: <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here#Finding_external_links_to_a_page" title="Help:What links here">Finding external links to a page</a>.</li></ul> <p>Comparison: </p> <ul><li>[[imdbtitle:0389790|Bee Movie]] gives <i><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0389790/" class="extiw" title="imdbtitle:0389790">Bee Movie</a></i></li> <li>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0389790 Bee Movie] gives <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0389790">Bee Movie</a></i> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALinksearch&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0389790">Linksearch</a> works for the latter only</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The applicable CSS classes are "extiw" and "external text". The choice may be governed by this, either way, for uniformity or distinction. An interwiki link is easier to type by itself, but if one goes to the webpage anyways, before putting the link, copying the URL is very convenient. When a template is created, e.g. <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Template:IMDb_title" title="Template:IMDb title">Template:IMDb title</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:IMDb_title" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:IMDb title">backlinks</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:IMDb_title&action=edit">edit</a>)</span></span>, the template can be made, such that it uses an interwiki link and a parameter, like "tt0389790" or "0389790", or that it uses an external link and a parameter like one of those or the full url, if that is more convenient. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Interwiki_links_to_the_same_wiki_versus_internal_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interwiki_links_to_the_same_wiki_versus_internal_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interwiki_links_to_the_same_wiki_versus_internal_links"></span>Interwiki links to the same wiki versus internal links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interwiki_links_to_the_same_wiki_versus_internal_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Disadvantages of interwiki links to the same wiki, compared to internal links: </p> <ul><li>no existence detection</li> <li>"What links here" works for internal links only</li></ul> <p>Advantages of interwiki links to the same wiki, compared to internal links: </p> <ul><li>better portability across wikis, provided that the same prefix applies and is not equal to a namespace name</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This page is referenced in the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Wikipedia Glossary</a></span>.</div> <div class="side-box-imageright"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 44px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" data-width="44" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects</a>, a guideline for using Wikipedia's sister projects</li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Templates_for_linking_to_sister_projects" class="extiw" title="m:Templates for linking to sister projects">m:Templates for linking to sister projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates" title="Wikipedia:Templates">Templates</a> for linking between the various Wikimedia sister projects <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister_project_links" title="Template:Sister project links">Sister project links</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sister projects">Wikipedia:Template index/Sister projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Interwiki_link_templates" title="Category:Interwiki link templates">Category:Interwiki link templates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a>, describes how to link between differing foreign language Wikipedias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Menu/Links" title="Help:Menu/Links">Help:Menu/Links</a>, table of contents for help pages about links and references</li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Interwiki linking">mw:Help:Interwiki linking</a>, help page from <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a></li> <li>Meta-Wiki content: <ul><li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Help:Interwiki linking">m:Help:Interwiki linking</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map" class="extiw" title="metawiki:Interwiki map">m:Interwiki map</a>, list of WMF and non-WMF mappings</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:First_steps/Reuse" class="extiw" title="c:Commons:First steps/Reuse">commons:Commons:First steps/Reuse</a>, instructions on linking a file from Commons to Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Wikipedia:Help desk</a>—To ask questions about using interwiki links in articles if you weren't able to find the information you need on this help page.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title='Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"'>Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Interwiki_linking&oldid=1256770493">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Interwiki_linking&oldid=1256770493</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Interwiki_linking&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Goodnightmush" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1731333166"> <span>Last edited on 11 November 2024, at 13:52</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Internationalisierung" title="Hilfe:Internationalisierung – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hilfe:Internationalisierung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="مساعدة:وصلات إنترويكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:وصلات إنترويكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%85%DA%A9:%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کؤمک:ویکی‌آراسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤمک:ویکی‌آراسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="সাহায্য:আন্ত-উইকি সংযোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:আন্ত-উইকি সংযোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Enlla%C3%A7_interviqui" title="Ajuda:Enllaç interviqui – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Enllaç interviqui" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Mezijazykov%C3%A9_odkazy" title="Nápověda:Mezijazykové odkazy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Mezijazykové odkazy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Henvisninger_til_andre_sprog" title="Hjælp:Henvisninger til andre sprog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:Henvisninger til andre sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Interwiki-Links" title="Hilfe:Interwiki-Links – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Interwiki-Links" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Enlace_interling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico" title="Ayuda:Enlace interlingüístico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Enlace interlingüístico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="راهنما:پیوند میان‌ویکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:پیوند میان‌ویکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Lien_interwiki" title="Aide:Lien interwiki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Lien interwiki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Mjezyr%C4%9B%C4%8Dne_wotkazy" title="Pomoc:Mjezyrěčne wotkazy – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pomoc:Mjezyrěčne wotkazy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Me%C4%91uWikimedia_poveznice" title="Wikipedija:MeđuWikimedia poveznice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:MeđuWikimedia poveznice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_interwikimedia" title="Wikipedia:Pranala interwikimedia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Pranala interwikimedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ligamines_interlingual" title="Wikipedia:Ligamines interlingual – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wikipedia:Ligamines interlingual" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Interwiki" title="Aiuto:Interwiki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Interwiki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99" title="עזרה:בינוויקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרה:בינוויקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:InterWiki" title="Wikipédia:InterWiki – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikipédia:InterWiki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Interwiki" title="Wikipédia:Interwiki – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Interwiki" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Помош:Меѓупроектни врски – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Помош:Меѓупроектни врски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഇന്റർ‌വിക്കിമീഡിയ കണ്ണികൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഇന്റർ‌വിക്കിമീഡിയ കണ്ണികൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="رانما:میون‌ویکی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رانما:میون‌ویکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_antara_Wikimedia" title="Wikipedia:Pautan antara Wikimedia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Pautan antara Wikimedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Gebruik_van_interwiki-links" title="Help:Gebruik van interwiki-links – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Help:Gebruik van interwiki-links" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E9%96%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="Help:言語間リンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:言語間リンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Interwiki" title="Wikipedia:Interwiki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Interwiki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Ligam_interlenga" title="Ajuda:Ligam interlenga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ajuda:Ligam interlenga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Interwiki" title="Pomoc:Interwiki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomoc:Interwiki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Interwikis" title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Interwikis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Interwikis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Википедия:Ссылки на братские проекты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Ссылки на братские проекты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Interwiki" title="Wikipedia:Interwiki – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Interwiki" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AA%D9%86%DA%AF" title="مدد:انٽروڪي لنڪنگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:انٽروڪي لنڪنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Medzijazykov%C3%A9_odkazy" title="Pomoc:Medzijazykové odkazy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pomoc:Medzijazykové odkazy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:InterWikimedia_povezave" title="Pomoč:InterWikimedia povezave – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomoč:InterWikimedia povezave" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Interwikil%C3%A4nkar" title="Wikipedia:Interwikilänkar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Interwikilänkar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC:Wikiara_b%C3%A4y" title="Ярдәм:Wikiara bäy – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ярдәм:Wikiara bäy" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="วิธีใช้:ลิงก์ข้ามโครงการ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:ลิงก์ข้ามโครงการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Intermedia_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="Yardım:Intermedia bağlantıları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Intermedia bağlantıları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Довідка:Інтервікі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Інтервікі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7" title="معاونت:بین ویکیمیڈیا روابط – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:بین ویکیمیڈیا روابط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_gi%E1%BB%AFa_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Trợ giúp:Liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:Liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="װיקיפּעדיע:אינטערוויקי לינקען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װיקיפּעדיע:אינטערוויקי לינקען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E8%B7%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Help:跨语言链接 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:跨语言链接" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 13:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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