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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Underground"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>London Underground</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Underground-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tavistock_Square_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tavistock_Square_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tavistock Square bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tavistock_Square_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Victims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attackers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attackers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Attackers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attackers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Motives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Motives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Motives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Motives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Videotaped_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videotaped_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Videotaped statements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videotaped_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_and_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_and_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effects and response</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects_and_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects and response subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects_and_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Initial reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_alerts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_alerts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Security alerts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_alerts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_and_telecoms_disruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_and_telecoms_disruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Transport and telecoms disruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_and_telecoms_disruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_emergency_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_emergency_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>List of emergency responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_emergency_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Economic effect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Media response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_responsibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_responsibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Claims of responsibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_responsibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abu_Hafs_al-Masri_Brigades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abu_Hafs_al-Masri_Brigades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.1</span> <span>Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abu_Hafs_al-Masri_Brigades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_of_Muslim_faith_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_of_Muslim_faith_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Response of Muslim faith groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_of_Muslim_faith_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_Muslim_community_and_hate_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_Muslim_community_and_hate_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Effects on Muslim community and hate crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_Muslim_community_and_hate_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conspiracy_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspiracy_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Conspiracy theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspiracy_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Investigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Investigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Initial results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_raids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_raids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Police raids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_raids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luton_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luton_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Luton cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luton_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2007_arrests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2007_arrests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>March 2007 arrests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2007_arrests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2007_arrests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2007_arrests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>May 2007 arrests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2007_arrests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deportation_of_Abdullah_el-Faisal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deportation_of_Abdullah_el-Faisal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Deportation of Abdullah el-Faisal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deportation_of_Abdullah_el-Faisal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation_of_Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation_of_Mohammad_Sidique_Khan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Investigation of Mohammad Sidique Khan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigation_of_Mohammad_Sidique_Khan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reports_of_warnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports_of_warnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Reports of warnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reports_of_warnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anwar_al-Awlaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anwar_al-Awlaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Anwar al-Awlaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anwar_al-Awlaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_inquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_inquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Independent inquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_inquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_newspaper_phone_hacking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_newspaper_phone_hacking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Alleged newspaper phone hacking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_newspaper_phone_hacking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Memorials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planned_anniversary_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_anniversary_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Planned anniversary attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planned_anniversary_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">7 July 2005 London bombings</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terroranschl%C3%A4ge_am_7._Juli_2005_in_London" title="Terroranschläge am 7. Juli 2005 in London – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Terroranschläge am 7. Juli 2005 in London" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_7_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_2005" title="تفجيرات لندن 7 يوليو 2005 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفجيرات لندن 7 يوليو 2005" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бомбени атентати в Лондон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бомбени атентати в Лондон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atemptats_de_Londres_del_7_de_juliol_de_2005" title="Atemptats de Londres del 7 de juliol de 2005 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atemptats de Londres del 7 de juliol de 2005" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teroristick%C3%A9_%C3%BAtoky_v_Lond%C3%BDn%C4%9B_2005" title="Teroristické útoky v Londýně 2005 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teroristické útoky v Londýně 2005" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrwydradau_Llundain_7_Gorffennaf_2005" title="Ffrwydradau Llundain 7 Gorffennaf 2005 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrwydradau Llundain 7 Gorffennaf 2005" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorangrebet_i_London_2005" title="Terrorangrebet i London 2005 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Terrorangrebet i London 2005" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terroranschl%C3%A4ge_am_7._Juli_2005_in_London" title="Terroranschläge am 7. Juli 2005 in London – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Terroranschläge am 7. Juli 2005 in London" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_7%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_2005" title="Βομβιστικές επιθέσεις της 7ης Ιουλίου 2005 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βομβιστικές επιθέσεις της 7ης Ιουλίου 2005" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentados_del_7_de_julio_de_2005_en_Londres" title="Atentados del 7 de julio de 2005 en Londres – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atentados del 7 de julio de 2005 en Londres" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teroristaj_atakoj_de_Londono_en_julio_2005" title="Teroristaj atakoj de Londono en julio 2005 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teroristaj atakoj de Londono en julio 2005" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005eko_uztailaren_7ko_atentatuak" title="2005eko uztailaren 7ko atentatuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2005eko uztailaren 7ko atentatuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%B7_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%87_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B5_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="بمب‌گذاری‌های ۷ ژوئیه ۲۰۰۵ لندن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بمب‌گذاری‌های ۷ ژوئیه ۲۰۰۵ لندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentats_de_Londres_du_7_juillet_2005" title="Attentats de Londres du 7 juillet 2005 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attentats de Londres du 7 juillet 2005" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buam%C3%A1il_7/7_i_Londain_(7_I%C3%BAil_2005)" title="Buamáil 7/7 i Londain (7 Iúil 2005) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Buamáil 7/7 i Londain (7 Iúil 2005)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentados_do_7_de_xullo_de_2005_en_Londres" title="Atentados do 7 de xullo de 2005 en Londres – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Atentados do 7 de xullo de 2005 en Londres" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%EB%85%84_%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%98_%ED%8F%AD%ED%83%84_%ED%85%8C%EB%9F%AC" title="2005년 런던 폭탄 테러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2005년 런던 폭탄 테러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(2005)" title="Ահաբեկչություն Լոնդոնում (2005) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ահաբեկչություն Լոնդոնում (2005)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A5%AD_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AB_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87" title="जूलाई ७ २००५ के लंदन बम धमाके – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जूलाई ७ २००५ के लंदन बम धमाके" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenti_en_London,_7_di_julio_2005" title="Atenti en London, 7 di julio 2005 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Atenti en London, 7 di julio 2005" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeboman_London_2005" title="Pengeboman London 2005 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengeboman London 2005" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attaccos_de_London_del_7_de_julio_2005" title="Attaccos de London del 7 de julio 2005 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Attaccos de London del 7 de julio 2005" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hry%C3%B0juverkin_7._j%C3%BAl%C3%AD_2005_%C3%AD_London" title="Hryðjuverkin 7. júlí 2005 í London – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hryðjuverkin 7. júlí 2005 í London" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentati_di_Londra_del_7_luglio_2005" title="Attentati di Londra del 7 luglio 2005 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Attentati di Londra del 7 luglio 2005" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_(2005)" title="הפיגועים בלונדון (2005) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיגועים בלונדון (2005)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C4%81dzieni_London%C4%81_2005._gada_7._j%C5%ABlij%C4%81" title="Sprādzieni Londonā 2005. gada 7. jūlijā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sprādzieni Londonā 2005. gada 7. jūlijā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londono_teroro_aktai_(2005)" title="Londono teroro aktai (2005) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Londono teroro aktai (2005)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005-%C3%B6s_londoni_terrort%C3%A1mad%C3%A1s" title="2005-ös londoni terrortámadás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2005-ös londoni terrortámadás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeboman_London_2005" title="Pengeboman London 2005 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengeboman London 2005" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%87_%E1%80%87%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%80%E1%81%85_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="၇ ဇူလိုင် ၂၀၀၅ လန်ဒန် ဗုံးပေါက်မှုများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၇ ဇူလိုင် ၂၀၀၅ လန်ဒန် ဗုံးပေါက်မှုများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aanslagen_in_Londen_op_7_juli_2005" title="Aanslagen in Londen op 7 juli 2005 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aanslagen in Londen op 7 juli 2005" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E5%90%8C%E6%99%82%E7%88%86%E7%A0%B4%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="ロンドン同時爆破事件 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロンドン同時爆破事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorangrepet_i_London_7._juli_2005" title="Terrorangrepet i London 7. juli 2005 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Terrorangrepet i London 7. juli 2005" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorangrepet_i_London_7._juli_2005" title="Terrorangrepet i London 7. juli 2005 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Terrorangrepet i London 7. juli 2005" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamach_w_Londynie_(7_lipca_2005)" title="Zamach w Londynie (7 lipca 2005) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zamach w Londynie (7 lipca 2005)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentados_de_7_de_julho_de_2005_em_Londres" title="Atentados de 7 de julho de 2005 em Londres – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atentados de 7 de julho de 2005 em Londres" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentatele_din_7_iulie_2005_de_la_Londra" title="Atentatele din 7 iulie 2005 de la Londra – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atentatele din 7 iulie 2005 de la Londra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_(2005)" title="Взрывы в Лондоне (2005) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Взрывы в Лондоне (2005)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shp%C3%ABrthime_n%C3%AB_Lond%C3%ABr" title="Shpërthime në Londër – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shpërthime në Londër" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92_7_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="2005 ජූලි 7 ලන්ඩන් පිපිරවීම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2005 ජූලි 7 ලන්ඩන් පිපිරවීම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="7 July 2005 London bombings" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDbuchy_v_Lond%C3%BDne_7._j%C3%BAla_2005" title="Výbuchy v Londýne 7. júla 2005 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Výbuchy v Londýne 7. júla 2005" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_7._%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_2005." title="Напади у Лондону 7. јула 2005. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Напади у Лондону 7. јула 2005." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napadi_u_Londonu_7._jula_2005." title="Napadi u Londonu 7. jula 2005. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Napadi u Londonu 7. jula 2005." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontoon_pommi-iskut_7._hein%C3%A4kuuta_2005" title="Lontoon pommi-iskut 7. heinäkuuta 2005 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lontoon pommi-iskut 7. heinäkuuta 2005" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombd%C3%A5den_i_London_2005" title="Bombdåden i London 2005 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bombdåden i London 2005" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_7_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_2548" title="เหตุระเบิดในลอนดอน 7 กรกฎาคม 2548 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหตุระเบิดในลอนดอน 7 กรกฎาคม 2548" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_(2005)" title="Бомбгузории Лондон (2005) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бомбгузории Лондон (2005)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_Temmuz_2005_Londra_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="7 Temmuz 2005 Londra saldırıları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="7 Temmuz 2005 Londra saldırıları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Islamist suicide terrorist attacks in London</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"7/7" and "2005 London bombings" redirect here. For the calendar date, see <a href="/wiki/7_July" class="mw-redirect" title="7 July">7 July</a>. For the bombings that happened two weeks later, see <a href="/wiki/21_July_2005_London_bombings" title="21 July 2005 London bombings">21 July 2005 London bombings</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">7 July 2005 London bombings</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Islamic terrorism in Europe</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><div style="position:relative;left:0px;top:0px;width:300px;height:225px"><span style="position:absolute;left:0px;top:0px;z-index:0;width:300px;height:225px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_square_ambulances.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Russell_square_ambulances.jpg/300px-Russell_square_ambulances.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Russell_square_ambulances.jpg/450px-Russell_square_ambulances.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Russell_square_ambulances.jpg/600px-Russell_square_ambulances.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><div style="position:absolute;left:286px;top:213px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><span title="[[King's Cross St Pancras]]/[[Russell Square tube station|Russell Square]]" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td><table style="width:100%;border:"><tbody><tr><td style="width:0.5%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><span title="[[Liverpool Street station]]" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">1</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Street Station">Liverpool Street Station</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><span title="[[Edgware Road tube station (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines)|Edgware Road]]" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">2</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Edgware_Road_tube_station_(Circle,_District_and_Hammersmith_%26_City_lines)" title="Edgware Road tube station (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines)">Edgware Road</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="width:0.5%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><span title="[[King's Cross St Pancras]]/[[Russell Square tube station|Russell Square]]" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_St_Pancras" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Cross St Pancras">King's Cross St Pancras</a>/<a href="/wiki/Russell_Square_tube_station" title="Russell Square tube station">Russell Square</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><span title="[[Tavistock Square]]" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">4</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Tavistock_Square" title="Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 300px;"><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 220px; width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 220px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="220" data-zoom="12" data-lat="51.5303" data-lon="-0.1241" href="/wiki/Special:Map/12/51.5303/-0.1241/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,51.5303,-0.1241,300x220.png?lang=en" width="300" height="220" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,51.5303,-0.1241,300x220@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: -40px; left: 0px; width: 300px; height: 300px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 103px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 202px; left: 287px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 202px; left: 190px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 176px; left: 199.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 175.875px; left: 245px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> 2km<br />1.2miles</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 125.63370016572px; left: 128.76698655852px; width: 16px; height: 16px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 126.63370016572px; left: 147.76698655852px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 125.63370016572px; left: 136.76698655852px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">4</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 102px; left: 142px; width: 16px; height: 16px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 103px; left: 161px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 102px; left: 150px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">3</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 149.26480529345px; left: 17.021539719383px; width: 16px; height: 16px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 150.26480529345px; left: 36.021539719383px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 149.26480529345px; left: 25.021539719383px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">2</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 161.55195464974px; left: 264.62592455769px; width: 16px; height: 16px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 162.55195464974px; left: 283.62592455769px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 161.55195464974px; left: 272.62592455769px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">1</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 264px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/51.5303/-0.1241/en" data-zoom="13" data-lat="51.5303" data-lon="-0.1241" data-overlays="["_a21db666bc25ec638fe246dae1803946ebeacbfb"]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles"> </span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 2005<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2005-07-07</span>)</span> <br />8:49–9:47 a.m. (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data">Public aboard <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> trains and a bus in Central London</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombings">Suicide bombings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Terrorism in the United Kingdom">terrorism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapons</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">Improvised explosive devices</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">56 (including the 4 bombers)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">784</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasib_Hussain" title="Hasib Hussain">Hasib Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" title="Mohammad Sidique Khan">Mohammad Sidique Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_Lindsay" title="Germaine Lindsay">Germaine Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehzad_Tanweer" title="Shehzad Tanweer">Shehzad Tanweer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>7 July 2005 London bombings</b>, also referred to as <b>7/7</b>, were a series of four co-ordinated suicide attacks carried out by <a href="/wiki/Islamist_terrorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist terrorists">Islamist terrorists</a> that targeted commuters travelling on <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_London" title="Transport in London">London's public transport</a> during the morning rush hour. </p><p>Three terrorists separately detonated three homemade bombs in quick succession aboard <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> trains in <a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a>. Later, a fourth terrorist detonated another bomb on a double-decker bus in <a href="/wiki/Tavistock_Square" title="Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train bombings occurred on the <a href="/wiki/Circle_line_(London_Underground)" title="Circle line (London Underground)">Circle Line</a> near <a href="/wiki/Aldgate_tube_station" title="Aldgate tube station">Aldgate</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Edgware_Road_tube_station_(Circle,_District_and_Hammersmith_%26_City_lines)" title="Edgware Road tube station (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines)">Edgware Road</a>, and on the <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccadilly Line">Piccadilly Line</a> near <a href="/wiki/Russell_Square_tube_station" title="Russell Square tube station">Russell Square</a>. </p><p>Apart from the bombers, 52 UK residents of 18 different nationalities were killed and nearly 800 were injured in the attacks. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since the 1988 bombing of <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103" title="Pan Am Flight 103">Pan Am Flight 103</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lockerbie" title="Lockerbie">Lockerbie</a>, and the UK's first Islamist suicide attack. </p><p>The explosions were caused by <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive devices</a> made from concentrated hydrogen peroxide and pepper,<sup id="cite_ref-Gdn1211_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gdn1211-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> packed into backpacks. The bombings were followed two weeks later by <a href="/wiki/21_July_2005_London_bombings" title="21 July 2005 London bombings">a series of attempted attacks</a> that failed to cause injury or damage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attacks">Attacks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em;padding:0.3em 0.3em; font-size: 90%;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">2005 London bombings</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg/200px-7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg/300px-7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg/400px-7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="776" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><b>Main articles</b></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2005_London_bombings" title="Timeline of the 2005 London bombings">Timeline of the 2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">7 July 2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_July_2005_London_bombings" title="21 July 2005 London bombings">21 July 2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jean_Charles_de_Menezes" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes">Jean Charles de Menezes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2005_London_bombings" title="Reactions to the 2005 London bombings">Reactions to the 2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_July_2005_London_bombings_trial" title="21 July 2005 London bombings trial">21 July 2005 London bombings trial</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)">7 July bombers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" title="Mohammad Sidique Khan">Mohammad Sidique Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehzad_Tanweer" title="Shehzad Tanweer">Shehzad Tanweer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_Lindsay" title="Germaine Lindsay">Germaine Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasib_Hussain" title="Hasib Hussain">Hasib Hussain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)">21 July bombers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_Hassan_Omar" title="Yasin Hassan Omar">Yasin Hassan Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdi_Adus_Isaac" title="Hamdi Adus Isaac">Osman Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktar_Said_Ibrahim" title="Muktar Said Ibrahim">Muktar Said Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzi_Mohammed" title="Ramzi Mohammed">Ramzi Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdi_Adus_Isaac" title="Hamdi Adus Isaac">Hamdi Adus Isaac</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)">Locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldgate_tube_station" title="Aldgate tube station">Aldgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavistock_Square" title="Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Cross,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings Cross, London">King's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_tube_station" title="Oval tube station">Oval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Square_tube_station" title="Russell Square tube station">Russell Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_Bush_Market_tube_station" title="Shepherd's Bush Market tube station">Shepherd's Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Street_tube_station" title="Warren Street tube station">Warren Street</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_July_Memorial" title="7 July Memorial">7 July Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks" title="List of Islamist terrorist attacks">List of Islamist terrorist attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_London_Underground" title="Attacks on the London Underground">List of attacks on the London Underground</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2005_London_bombings" title="Template:2005 London bombings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2005_London_bombings" title="Template talk:2005 London bombings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2005_London_bombings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2005 London bombings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_Underground">London Underground</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: London Underground"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2005_London_bombings" title="Timeline of the 2005 London bombings">Timeline of the 2005 London bombings</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_London_Underground" title="Attacks on the London Underground">Attacks on the London Underground</a></div> <p>At 8:49<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. on Thursday 7 July 2005, three bombs were detonated on London Underground (LU) trains within 50<span class="nowrap"> </span>seconds of each other: </p> <ol><li>The first bomb exploded on a six-car London Underground <a href="/wiki/Circle_Line_(London_Underground)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circle Line (London Underground)">Circle Line</a> train, number 204, travelling eastbound between <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aldgate_tube_station" title="Aldgate tube station">Aldgate</a>. At the time of the explosion, the train's third car was approximately 100<span class="nowrap"> </span>yards (90<span class="nowrap"> </span>m) along the tunnel from Liverpool Street. The parallel track of the <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_%26_City_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammersmith & City Line">Hammersmith & City Line</a> between Liverpool Street and <a href="/wiki/Aldgate_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldgate East">Aldgate East</a> was also damaged in the blast.</li> <li>The second bomb exploded in the second car of another six-car London Underground Circle Line train, number 216, which had just left <a href="/wiki/Edgware_Road_tube_station_(Circle,_District_and_Hammersmith_%26_City_Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgware Road tube station (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City Lines)">Edgware Road</a> and was travelling westbound towards <a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington</a>. An eastbound Circle Line train that was passing next to the bombed train was also damaged,<sup id="cite_ref-lucky-driver_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucky-driver-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was a wall that later collapsed.</li> <li>A third bomb was detonated on a six-car London Underground <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccadilly Line">Piccadilly Line</a> train, number 311, travelling southbound from <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_St_Pancras_tube_station" title="King's Cross St Pancras tube station">King's Cross St Pancras tube station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Russell_Square_tube_station" title="Russell Square tube station">Russell Square</a>. The device exploded approximately one minute after the service departed King's Cross, by which time it had travelled about 500<span class="nowrap"> </span>yards (450<span class="nowrap"> </span>m). The explosion occurred at the rear of the first car of the train, causing severe damage to the rear of that car as well as the front of the second one.<sup id="cite_ref-north-diary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-north-diary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surrounding tunnel also sustained damage.</li></ol> <p>It was originally thought that there had been six, rather than three, explosions on the Underground network. The bus bombing brought the reported total to seven; this was clarified later in the day. The incorrect reports were later attributed to the fact that the blasts occurred on trains that were between stations, causing wounded passengers to emerge from both stations, giving the impression that there was an incident at each. Police also revised the timings of the tube blasts: initial reports had indicated that they occurred during a period of almost half an hour. This was due to initial confusion at London Underground, where the explosions were originally believed to have been caused by <a href="/wiki/Voltage_spike" title="Voltage spike">power surges</a>. An early report, made in the minutes after the explosions, involved a person under a train, while another described a derailment (both of which did occur, but only as a result of the explosions). A code amber alert was declared by LU at 9:19<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m., and LU began to close operations by ordering trains to continue to the next station and, to remain at that station and detrain passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-tube-log_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tube-log-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trapped_underground.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Trapped_underground.jpg/220px-Trapped_underground.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Trapped_underground.jpg/330px-Trapped_underground.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Trapped_underground.jpg/440px-Trapped_underground.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Passengers awaiting evacuation from a bombed train between <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_St_Pancras_tube_station" title="King's Cross St Pancras tube station">King's Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Square_tube_station" title="Russell Square tube station">Russell Square</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The effects of the explosions varied due to the differing characteristics of the tunnels in which each occurred:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Circle Line is a "<a href="/wiki/Cut_and_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Cut and cover">cut and cover</a>" sub-surface tunnel, about 7 m (23 ft) deep. As the tunnel contains two parallel tracks, it is relatively wide. The two explosions on the Circle line were probably able to vent their force into the tunnel, reducing their destructive force.</li> <li>The Piccadilly Line is a deep-level tunnel, up to 30<span class="nowrap"> </span>m (100<span class="nowrap"> </span>ft) below the surface and with narrow (3.56<span class="nowrap"> </span>m, or 11<span class="nowrap"> </span>ft<span class="nowrap"> </span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>in) single-track tubes and just 15<span class="nowrap"> </span>cm (6<span class="nowrap"> </span>in) clearances. This confined space reflected the blast force, concentrating its effect.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tavistock_Square_bus">Tavistock Square bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tavistock Square bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="Special:EditPage/7 July 2005 London bombings">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Almost one hour after the attacks on the London Underground, a fourth bomb exploded on the top deck of a <a href="/wiki/London_Buses_route_30" title="London Buses route 30">number 30</a> <a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker bus</a>, travelling its route from <a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hackney_Wick" title="Hackney Wick">Hackney Wick</a>. </p><p>The bus left Marble Arch at 9:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Euston_bus_station" title="Euston bus station">Euston bus station</a> at 9:35<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m., where crowds of people had been evacuated from the tube and boarded buses as an alternative method of transport.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7_July_London_bombings_locations.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/7_July_London_bombings_locations.png/220px-7_July_London_bombings_locations.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/7_July_London_bombings_locations.png/330px-7_July_London_bombings_locations.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/7_July_London_bombings_locations.png/440px-7_July_London_bombings_locations.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Locations of the bombings on a Central London tube map</figcaption></figure> <p>The explosion at 9:47<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. in Tavistock Square ripped off the roof and destroyed the rear portion of the bus. The blast took place near BMA House, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association" title="British Medical Association">British Medical Association</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Upper_Woburn_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Woburn Place">Upper Woburn Place</a>. A number of doctors and medical staff in or near that building were able to provide immediate emergency assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Witnesses reported seeing "papers and half a bus flying through the air".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two injured bus passengers said that they saw a man exploding in the bus.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell-laville_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-laville-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The location of the bomb inside the bus meant the front of the vehicle remained mostly intact. Most of the passengers at the front of the top deck survived, as did those near the front of the lower deck, including the driver, but those at the rear of the bus suffered more serious injuries, with several individuals being blown from the bus. The extent of the damage caused to the victims' bodies resulted in a lengthy delay in announcing the death toll from the bombing while the police determined how many bodies were present and whether the bomber was one of them. Several passers-by were also injured by the explosion and surrounding buildings were damaged by debris.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bombed bus was subsequently covered with tarpaulin and removed for forensic examination at a secure <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> site. A replacement bus was named <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_London" title="Spirit of London">Spirit of London</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcarson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcarson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victims">Victims</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Victims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 52 victims were of diverse backgrounds. All were UK residents, including exchange students. The majority lived in or near London. Their ages ranged from 20 to 60 years old, with an average age of 34. </p><p>Thirty-two victims were British, while one victim each came from Afghanistan, France, Ghana, Grenada, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Mauritius, New Zealand, Nigeria, Romania, Sri Lanka and Turkey. Three victims were Polish nationals, while one victim was a <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Australians" title="Vietnamese Australians">Vietnamese born Australian</a> and one held dual <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">American-Vietnamese</a> citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven of the victims were killed at Aldgate, six at Edgware Road, 26 at King's Cross and 13 at Tavistock Square. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attackers">Attackers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Attackers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="Special:EditPage/7 July 2005 London bombings">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22">"7 July 2005 London bombings"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasib_Hussain_leaving_Boots_the_Chemist,_King%27s_Cross_railway_station,_9_am_July_7,_2005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Hasib_Hussain_leaving_Boots_the_Chemist%2C_King%27s_Cross_railway_station%2C_9_am_July_7%2C_2005.JPG/220px-Hasib_Hussain_leaving_Boots_the_Chemist%2C_King%27s_Cross_railway_station%2C_9_am_July_7%2C_2005.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ee/Hasib_Hussain_leaving_Boots_the_Chemist%2C_King%27s_Cross_railway_station%2C_9_am_July_7%2C_2005.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hasib_Hussain" title="Hasib Hussain">Hasib Hussain</a>, who detonated the bus bomb in Tavistock Square, is captured on CCTV leaving a <a href="/wiki/Boots_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Boots UK">Boots</a> store on the <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a> concourse at 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. on 7 July 2005.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:July_7,_2005_London_bombings_CCTV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/July_7%2C_2005_London_bombings_CCTV.JPG/220px-July_7%2C_2005_London_bombings_CCTV.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/July_7%2C_2005_London_bombings_CCTV.JPG/330px-July_7%2C_2005_London_bombings_CCTV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f9/July_7%2C_2005_London_bombings_CCTV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>The four bombers captured on CCTV at <a href="/wiki/Luton_railway_station" title="Luton railway station">Luton station</a> at 7:21<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. on 7 July 2005. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Hasib_Hussain" title="Hasib Hussain">Hasib Hussain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Lindsay" title="Germaine Lindsay">Germaine Lindsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" title="Mohammad Sidique Khan">Mohammad Sidique Khan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shehzad_Tanweer" title="Shehzad Tanweer">Shehzad Tanweer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The four suicide bombers were later identified as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" title="Mohammad Sidique Khan">Mohammad Sidique Khan</a>, aged 30. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a>, Leeds, with his wife and young child, where he worked as a learning mentor at a primary school. Khan detonated his bomb on the number 216 train, killing seven people, including himself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehzad_Tanweer" title="Shehzad Tanweer">Shehzad Tanweer</a>, aged 22. He lived in Leeds with his mother and father, working in a <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chip_shop" title="Fish and chip shop">fish and chip shop</a>. He detonated his bomb on the number 204 train. Eight people, including Tanweer, were killed by the explosion. The explosion also injured future Paralympic athlete <a href="/wiki/Martine_Wright" title="Martine Wright">Martine Wright</a> who was commuting to work.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_Lindsay" title="Germaine Lindsay">Germaine Lindsay</a>, aged 19. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a>, Buckinghamshire, with his pregnant wife and young son. He detonated his device on the number 311 train. The blast killed 27 people, including him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasib_Hussain" title="Hasib Hussain">Hasib Hussain</a>, aged 18. He lived in Leeds with his brother and sister-in-law. Hussain detonated his bomb on a bus. Fourteen people, including him, died in the explosion in Tavistock Square.</li></ul> <p>Three of the bombers were British-born sons of <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani immigrants</a>; Lindsay was a <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Islam" title="Conversion to Islam">convert</a> born in <a href="/wiki/British_Jamaican" class="mw-redirect" title="British Jamaican">Jamaica</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Charles Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> when the attacks occurred, described the bombers as "<a href="/wiki/Cleanskin_(security)" title="Cleanskin (security)">cleanskins</a>", a term describing them as previously unknown to authorities until they carried out their attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-TheTimes-2007-05-06_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheTimes-2007-05-06-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day of the attacks, all four had travelled to <a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a>, Bedfordshire, by car, then to London by train. They were filmed on CCTV arriving at <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a> at about 8:30<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motives">Motives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Motives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Videotaped_statements">Videotaped statements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Videotaped statements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of the bombers made videotapes describing their reasons for becoming what they called "soldiers". In a videotape broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a> on 1 September 2005, Mohammad Sidique Khan described his motivation. The tape had been edited and mentioned <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> members <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>, describing them as "today's heroes". Khan's tape said:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I and thousands like me are forsaking everything for what we believe. Our drive and motivation doesn't come from tangible commodities that this world has to offer. Our religion is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, obedience to the one true God and following the footsteps of the final prophet messenger. Your democratically-elected governments continuously perpetuate atrocities against my people all over the world. And your support of them makes you directly responsible, just as I am directly responsible for protecting and avenging my Muslim brothers and sisters. Until we feel security you will be our targets and until you stop the bombing, gassing, imprisonment and torture of my people, we will not stop this fight. We are at war and I am a soldier. Now you too will taste the reality of this situation.</p></blockquote> <p>The tape continued: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...I myself, I myself, I make <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">dua</a> (pray) to <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> ... to raise me amongst those whom I love like the <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets in Islam">prophets</a>, the messengers, the martyrs and today's heroes like our beloved Sheikh Osama Bin Laden, Dr Ayman al-Zawahri and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and all the other brothers and sisters that are fighting in the ... of this cause.</p></blockquote> <p>On 6 July 2006, a videotaped statement by Shehzad Tanweer was broadcast by Al-Jazeera. In the video, which may have been edited to include remarks by al-Zawahiri,<sup id="cite_ref-guardvideo_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardvideo-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanweer said:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Your government has openly supported the <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> of over 150,000 innocent Muslims in <a href="/wiki/Falluja" class="mw-redirect" title="Falluja">Falluja</a>... You have offered financial and military support to the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, in the massacre of our children in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestine</a>. You are directly responsible for the problems in Palestine, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to this day. You have openly declared <a href="/wiki/War_on_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Islam">war on Islam</a>, and are the forerunners in the <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusade</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>. ... What you have witnessed now is only the beginning of a string of attacks that will continue and become stronger until you pull your forces out of Afghanistan and Iraq. And until you stop your financial and military support to America and Israel.</p></blockquote> <p>Tanweer argued that the non-Muslims of Britain deserve such attacks because they voted for a government which "continues to oppress our mothers, children, brothers and sisters in <a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, Afghanistan, Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_and_response">Effects and response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Effects and response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2005_London_bombings" title="Reactions to the 2005 London bombings">Reactions to the 2005 London bombings</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_reports">Initial reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Initial reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg/220px-Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg/330px-Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg/440px-Blair_G8_July7th05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> announces the attack at the <a href="/wiki/31st_G8_summit" title="31st G8 summit">31st G8 summit</a> in Scotland</figcaption></figure> <p>Initial reports suggested that a power surge on the Underground power grid had caused explosions in power circuits. This was later ruled out by power suppliers <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a>. Commentators suggested that the explanation had been made because of bomb damage to power lines along the tracks; the rapid series of power failures caused by the explosions (or power being ended by means of switches at the locations to permit evacuation) looked similar, from the point of view of a control room operator, to a cascading series of circuit breaker operations that would result from a major power surge. A couple of hours after the bombings, Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Charles Clarke</a> confirmed the incidents were terrorist attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_alerts">Security alerts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Security alerts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there were security alerts at many locations throughout the United Kingdom, no terrorist incidents occurred outside central London. Suspicious packages were destroyed in controlled explosions in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darlington" title="Darlington">Darlington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>. Security across the country was increased to the <a href="/wiki/UK_Threat_Levels" title="UK Threat Levels">highest alert level</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> reported on 17 July 2005 that police sniper units were following as many as a dozen al-Qaeda suspects in Britain. The covert armed teams were ordered to shoot to kill if surveillance suggested that a terror suspect was carrying a bomb and he refused to surrender if challenged. A member of the Metropolitan Police's <a href="/wiki/Specialist_Firearms_Command" title="Specialist Firearms Command">Specialist Firearms Command</a> said: "These units are trained to deal with any eventuality. Since the London bombs, they have been deployed to look at certain people."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_and_telecoms_disruption">Transport and telecoms disruption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport and telecoms disruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="Special:EditPage/7 July 2005 London bombings">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22">"7 July 2005 London bombings"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%227+July+2005+London+bombings%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> reported that its mobile telephone network reached capacity at about 10<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. on the day of the bombings, and it was forced to initiate <a href="/wiki/ACCOLC" title="ACCOLC">access overload control</a> to prioritise emergency calls. Other <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">mobile phone networks</a> also reported failures. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> speculated that the telephone system was shut down by security services to prevent the possibility of mobile phones being used to trigger bombs. Although this option was considered, it became clear later that the intermittent unavailability of both mobile and landline telephone systems was due only to excessive usage. <a href="/wiki/ACCOLC" title="ACCOLC">ACCOLC</a> was activated only in a 1 km (0.6 mi) radius around Aldgate Tube Station because key emergency personnel did not have ACCOLC-enabled mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communications failures during the emergency sparked discussions to improve London's <a href="/wiki/Emergency_communications_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency communications system">emergency communications system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg/220px-Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg/330px-Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg/440px-Caledonian_Road_tube_station_closed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Underground stations, including <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Road_tube_station" title="Caledonian Road tube station">Caledonian Road</a> (pictured), were closed across London</figcaption></figure> <p>For most of the day, central London's public transport system was largely out of service following the complete closure of the Underground, the closure of the Zone 1 <a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_London" title="List of bus routes in London">bus network</a>, and the evacuation of incident sites such as Russell Square. Bus services restarted at 4:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>p.m. on 7 July, and most mainline railway stations resumed service soon afterward. <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River</a> vessels were pressed into service to provide a free alternative to overcrowded trains and buses. Local lifeboats were required to act as safety boats, including the Sheerness lifeboat from the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Sheppey" title="Isle of Sheppey">Isle of Sheppey</a> in Kent. Thousands of people chose to walk home or to the nearest Zone 2 bus or railway station. Most of the Underground, apart from the stations affected by the bombs, resumed service the next morning, though some commuters chose to stay at home. Affected stretches were also closed for police investigations. </p><p>Much of the King's Cross railway station was also closed, with the ticket hall and waiting area being used as a makeshift hospital to treat casualties. Although the station reopened later during the day, only suburban rail services were able to use it, with <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Eastern_Railway" title="Great North Eastern Railway">Great North Eastern Railway</a> trains terminating at <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_railway_station" title="Peterborough railway station">Peterborough</a> (the service was fully restored on 9 July). King's Cross St Pancras tube station remained available only to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_line" title="Metropolitan line">Metropolitan line</a> services to facilitate the ongoing recovery and investigation for a week, though <a href="/wiki/Victoria_line" title="Victoria line">Victoria line</a> services were restored on 15 July and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_line" title="Northern line">Northern line</a> on 18 July. All of the damaged trains were removed in stages. <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_station" class="mw-redirect" title="St Pancras station">St Pancras station</a>, located next to King's Cross, was shut on the afternoon of the attacks, with all <a href="/wiki/Midland_Mainline" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Mainline">Midland Mainline</a> trains terminating at <a href="/wiki/Leicester_railway_station" title="Leicester railway station">Leicester</a>, causing disruption to services to <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AvoidLondon77.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AvoidLondon77.jpg/220px-AvoidLondon77.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/AvoidLondon77.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>A sign on the <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25</a> London orbital road warns drivers to avoid the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 25 July, the Hammersmith & City line was reopened from Baker Street to Barking after the affected train was cleared at Aldgate, together with the stretch from Moorgate to Aldgate of the Metropolitan Line. The Hammersmith to Paddington part of the Hammersmith & City line was a shuttle service after the bombings. On 29 July, the District line was reopened from High Street Kensington to Edgware Road, after the affected train was cleared. </p><p>On 2 August, the Hammersmith & City line resumed normal service; the Circle line was still suspended, though all Circle line stations are also served by other lines. The Piccadilly line service resumed on 4 August after the affected train was cleared on 16 July, and enhanced maintenance work was done. On 4 August, the Circle line was reopened again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_emergency_responses">List of emergency responses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: List of emergency responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list below is of the emergency services, police forces and voluntary aid societies that responded to the bombings to assist with rescue, recovery, security and scene control: </p> <dl><dt>Emergency medical services and voluntary aid societies</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Ambulance_Service" title="London Ambulance Service">London Ambulance Service</a> (LAS) – response included Motorcycle Response Units (MRUs) and Cycle Response Units (CRU),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> off-duty personnel also responded.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Air_Ambulance" class="mw-redirect" title="London Air Ambulance">London Air Ambulance</a> – sent crews in rapid response vehicles (RRVs), including paramedics and doctors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Ambulance_England" class="mw-redirect" title="St John Ambulance England">St John Ambulance England</a> (SJA) sent ambulances and medics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Red_Cross" title="British Red Cross">British Red Cross</a> (BRC) sent ambulances and medics to the scene at the request of LAS. They also helped in the aftermath.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Fire and rescue services</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a> (LFB)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Police forces</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Transport_Police" title="British Transport Police">British Transport Police</a> – responded to the tube station attacks, as well as Tavistock Square and conducted mortuary, security, rescue and body recovery duties<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_effect">Economic effect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economic effect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG/220px-Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG/330px-Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG/440px-Headlines_london_bombing_7_july_2005_Waterloo_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Headlines outside <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Waterloo railway station">Waterloo station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There were limited reactions to the attack in the <a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">world economy</a> as measured by <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a> activity. The value of the <a href="/wiki/British_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="British pound">British pound</a> decreased 0.89<span class="nowrap"> </span>cents to a 19-month low against the US dollar. The <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a> fell by about 200 points during the two hours after the first attack. This was its greatest decrease since the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>, and it triggered the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>'s 'Special Measures', restricting <a href="/wiki/Panic_selling" title="Panic selling">panic selling</a> and aimed at ensuring market stability. By the time the market closed, it had recovered to only 71.3 points (1.36%) down on the previous day's three-year closing high. Markets in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain also closed about 1% down on the day. </p><p>US market indexes increased slightly, partly because the dollar index increased sharply against the pound and the euro. The <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> gained 31.61 to 10,302.29. The <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">NASDAQ Composite Index</a> increased 7.01 to 2,075.66. The <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> increased 2.93 points to 1,197.87 after decreasing as much as 1%. Every benchmark value gained 0.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The market values increased again on 8 July as it became clear that the damage caused by the bombings was not as great as thought initially. By end of trading the market had recovered fully to above its level at start of trading on 7 July. Insurers in the UK tend to <a href="/wiki/Reinsure" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinsure">reinsure</a> their terrorist liabilities in excess of the first £75,000,000 with <a href="/wiki/Pool_Re" title="Pool Re">Pool Re</a>, a mutual insurer established by the government with major insurers. Pool Re has substantial reserves and newspaper reports indicated that claims would easily be funded. </p><p>On 9 July, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_Authority" title="Financial Services Authority">Financial Services Authority</a> revealed that they had instigated contingency plans immediately after the attacks to ensure that the UK financial markets could keep trading. This involved the activation of a "secret chatroom" on the British government's Financial Sector Continuity website, which allowed the institutions to communicate with the country's banks and market dealers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_response">Media response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Media response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg/220px-Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg/330px-Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg/440px-Kings_Cross_press_gazebo_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/News_program" class="mw-redirect" title="News program">TV news</a> tent at <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Continuous news coverage of the attacks was broadcast throughout 7 July, by both <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>, uninterrupted until 7:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>p.m., although the BBC stuck with initial reports of a power surge on the London Underground until actual events could be corroborated.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> did not broadcast any advertisements for 24 hours. <a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a> confirmed later that its coverage on ITV was its longest uninterrupted on-air news broadcast of its 50-year history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Television coverage was notable for the use of mobile telephone footage sent in by members of the public and live pictures from traffic <a href="/wiki/CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTV</a> cameras. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a> website recorded an all-time <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> peak of 11<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Gigabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit">Gb</a>/s at midday on 7 July. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> received some 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion total accesses throughout the course of the day (including all images, text and HTML), serving some 5.5<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">terabytes</a> of data. At peak times during the day there were 40,000-page requests per second for the BBC News website. The previous day's announcement of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> being awarded to London resulted in up to 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>Gb/s. The previous all-time maximum for the website followed the announcement of the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Michael_Jackson" title="Trial of Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson verdict</a>, which used 7.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>Gb/s.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 July, it was reported that the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> released leaflets showing images of the 'No. 30 bus' after it was destroyed. The slogan, "Maybe now it's time to start listening to the BNP" was printed beside the photo. Home Secretary Charles Clarke described it as an attempt by the BNP to "cynically exploit the current tragic events in London to further their spread of hatred".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some media outside the UK complained that successive British governments had been unduly tolerant towards radical <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> militants, so long as they were involved in activities outside the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTJuly8_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTJuly8-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain's alleged reluctance to extradite or prosecute terrorist suspects resulted in London being dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Londonistan" title="Londonistan">Londonistan</a>" by French law enforcement in the mid 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-Barling_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barling-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term was popularised by in the UK by columnist <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Phillips" title="Melanie Phillips">Melanie Phillips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_responsibility">Claims of responsibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Claims of responsibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even before the identity of the bombers became known, former Metropolitan Police commissioner <a href="/wiki/John_Stevens,_Baron_Stevens_of_Kirkwhelpington" title="John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington">Lord Stevens</a> said he believed they were almost certainly born or based in Britain, and would not "fit the caricature al-Qaeda fanatic from some backward village in Algeria or Afghanistan".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attacks would have required extensive preparation and prior reconnaissance efforts, and a familiarity with bomb-making and the London transport network as well as access to significant amounts of bomb-making equipment and chemicals. </p><p>Some newspaper editorials in Iran blamed the bombing on British or American authorities seeking to further justify the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>, and claimed that the plan that included the bombings also involved increasing harassment of <a href="/wiki/Muslims_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims in Europe">Muslims in Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 August, quoting police and <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> sources, <i>The Independent</i> reported that the bombers acted independently of an al-Qaeda terror mastermind some place abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 September, it was reported that al-Qaeda officially claimed responsibility for the attacks in a videotape broadcast by the Arab television network Al Jazeera. However, an official inquiry by the British government reported that the tape claiming responsibility had been edited after the attacks, and that the bombers did not have direct assistance from al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zabi uk-Taifi, an al-Qaeda commander arrested in Pakistan in January 2009, may have had connections to the bombings, according to Pakistani intelligence sources.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, documents found by German authorities on a terrorist suspect arrested in Berlin in May 2011 have suggested that <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rauf" title="Rashid Rauf">Rashid Rauf</a>, a British al Qaeda operative, played a key role in planning the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abu_Hafs_al-Masri_Brigades">Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A second claim of responsibility was posted on the Internet by another al-Qaeda allied group, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Masri_Brigades" title="Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades">Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades</a>. The group had, however, previously falsely claimed responsibility for events that were the result of technical problems, such as the <a href="/wiki/2003_London_blackout" title="2003 London blackout">2003 London blackout</a> and the US <a href="/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003" title="Northeast blackout of 2003">Northeast blackout of 2003</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_of_Muslim_faith_groups">Response of Muslim faith groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Response of Muslim faith groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within hours of the bombings, various Islamic religious groups had condemned the attacks and distanced themselves from the perpetrators. Sir <a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Sacranie" title="Iqbal Sacranie">Iqbal Sacranie</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Council_of_Britain" title="Muslim Council of Britain">Muslim Council of Britain</a> stated that the perpetrators were not true Muslims as their acts were "contrary" to Islamic beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEUMC200510_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEUMC200510-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 July, over 500 British Muslim religious leaders issued a <i><a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a></i> (decree), condemning the bombings and stating that the bombings were against the teachings of Islam. Senior Muslim leaders offered support in counter-terrorism efforts, having met the Prime Minister, the Home Secretary and the Met Police Commissioner Sir <a href="/wiki/Ian_Blair" title="Ian Blair">Ian Blair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEUMC200519_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEUMC200519-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim organisations in Europe also condemned the bombings. The imam of the <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> mosque called the bombers "insane" while the Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations in Italy said that "terrorism is incompatible with the doctrine, law and culture of Islam" and expressed its incontrovertible "condemnation of actions that lead to the massacre of innocent people" and its "repugnance" at the "blasphemous use of the Qu'ran".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEUMC200539_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEUMC200539-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_Muslim_community_and_hate_crimes">Effects on Muslim community and hate crimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Effects on Muslim community and hate crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the immediate aftermath of the bombings, there was a sharp temporary rise in faith hate crimes, directed mostly at British Muslims. There were also acts of <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a> against mosques as well as Sikh temples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEUMC200510_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEUMC200510-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims reported that they felt more anxious about going out in public or to work, in fear of anti-Muslim reprisals by individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEUMC200516_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEUMC200516-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A British Medical Journal psychological study found that 61 percent of Muslim commuters in London suffered "substantial stress" in the days after the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEUMC200517_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEUMC200517-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a book by Chris Allen published in 2005, the British media had before the bombings portrayed Muslims in a highly derogatory way and failed to distinguish between mainstream Muslims and extremist groups. There had also been a growing trend in young British Muslims feeling "alienated" with the British state, fuelled especially by the UK's foreign policy regarding the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A YouGov poll showed that 88% of British Muslims did not justify the bombings, while 6% did.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also some criticism against the government. In 2006, government statements such as the Prime Minister's claim that moderate Muslims were not doing enough to tackle extremists, was met with disapproval by <a href="/wiki/Hammasa_Kohistani" title="Hammasa Kohistani">Hammasa Kohistani</a>, who called it a "huge stereotype of the Islamic community" that is fuelling hostility.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conspiracy_theories">Conspiracy theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Conspiracy theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_square_police_road.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Russell_square_police_road.JPG/220px-Russell_square_police_road.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Russell_square_police_road.JPG/330px-Russell_square_police_road.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Russell_square_police_road.JPG/440px-Russell_square_police_road.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Police cordon off <a href="/wiki/Russell_Square" title="Russell Square">Russell Square</a> on 7 July 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>A survey of 500 British Muslims undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a> in 2007 found that 24% believed the four bombers blamed for the attacks did not perform them.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been various <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a> proposed about the bombings, including the suggestion that the bombers were '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patsy" class="extiw" title="wikt:patsy">patsies</a>', based on claims about timings of the trains and the train from Luton, supposed explosions underneath the carriages, and allegations of the faking of the one time-stamped and dated photograph of the bombers at Luton station.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claims made by one theorist in the Internet video <i><a href="/wiki/7/7_Ripple_Effect" title="7/7 Ripple Effect">7/7 Ripple Effect</a></i> were examined by the BBC documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conspiracy_Files" title="The Conspiracy Files">The Conspiracy Files</a></i>, in an episode titled "7/7" first broadcast on 30 June 2009, which debunked many of the video's claims.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day of the bombings, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Power_(crisis_management_specialist)" title="Peter Power (crisis management specialist)">Peter Power</a> of Visor Consultants gave interviews on BBC Radio 5 Live and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> saying that he was working on a crisis management simulation drill, in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, "based on simultaneous bombs going off precisely at the railway stations where it happened this morning", when he heard that an attack was going on in real life. He described this as a coincidence. He also gave an interview to the <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i> where he spoke of "an exercise involving mock broadcasts when it happened for real".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a few days he dismissed it as a "spooky coincidence" on Canadian TV.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko" title="Alexander Litvinenko">Alexander Litvinenko</a>, a former officer of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a>, was asked who he thought the culprits of the attacks were, in an interview. Litvinenko stated,<sup id="cite_ref-iii_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iii-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "You know, I have spoken about it earlier and I shall say now, that I know only one organization, which has made terrorism the main tool of solving of political problems. It is the Russian special services."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation">Investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_results">Initial results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Initial results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Numbers of fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <td>Aldgate</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edgware Road</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>King's Cross</td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tavistock Square</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total of victims killed</th> <th>52 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Suicide bombers</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total fatalities</th> <th>56 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Initially, there was confusing information from sources as to the origin, method, and even timings of the explosions. Forensic examiners had thought initially that military-grade <a href="/wiki/Plastic_explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic explosives">plastic explosives</a> had been used, and, as the blasts were thought to have been simultaneous, that synchronised timed detonators had been employed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These hypotheses changed as more information became available. The explosive was initially identified as <a href="/wiki/Triacetone_triperoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Triacetone triperoxide">triacetone triperoxide</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a May 2006 report from the British government's <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence and Security Committee">Intelligence and Security Committee</a>, home-made organic peroxide-based devices were used,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was described at the coroner's inquest as an "entirely unique" mixture of concentrated hydrogen peroxide and pepper.<sup id="cite_ref-Gdn1211_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gdn1211-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fifty-six people, including the four suicide bombers, were killed by the attacks<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about 700 were injured, of whom about 100 were hospitalised for at least one night. The incident was the deadliest single act of terrorism in the United Kingdom since the 1988 bombing of <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103" title="Pan Am Flight 103">Pan Am Flight 103</a>, which crashed on Lockerbie and killed 270 people, and the deadliest bombing in London since the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Police examined about 2,500 items of CCTV footage and <a href="/wiki/Forensic_evidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Forensic evidence">forensic evidence</a> from the scenes of the attacks. The bombs were probably placed on the floors of the trains and bus. Investigators identified four men whom they alleged had been the suicide bombers. This made the bombings the first ever suicide attack in the British Isles.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cannistraro" title="Vincent Cannistraro">Vincent Cannistraro</a>, former head of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s anti-terrorism centre, told <i>The Guardian</i> that "two unexploded bombs" were recovered as well as "mechanical timing devices"; this claim was explicitly rejected by London's Metropolitan Police Service.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_raids">Police raids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Police raids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Police" title="West Yorkshire Police">West Yorkshire Police</a> raided six properties in the Leeds area on 12 July: two houses in Beeston, two in <a href="/wiki/Thornhill,_West_Yorkshire" title="Thornhill, West Yorkshire">Thornhill</a>, one in <a href="/wiki/Holbeck" title="Holbeck">Holbeck</a> and one in Alexandra Grove in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Leeds" title="Hyde Park, Leeds">Hyde Park</a>. One man was arrested. Officers also raided a residential property on Northern Road in the Buckinghamshire town of <a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a> on 13 July. </p><p>The police service say a significant amount of explosive material was found in the Leeds raids and a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_explosion" title="Controlled explosion">controlled explosion</a> was carried out at one of the properties. Explosives were also found in the vehicle associated with one of the bombers, Shehzad Tanweer, at Luton railway station and subjected to controlled explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell-laville_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-laville-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luton_cell">Luton cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Luton cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There was speculation about a possible association between the bombers and another alleged Islamist cell in <a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a> which was ended during August 2004. The Luton group was uncovered after <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naeem_Noor_Khan" title="Muhammad Naeem Noor Khan">Muhammad Naeem Noor Khan</a> was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan. His laptop computer was said to contain plans for tube attacks in London, as well as attacks on financial buildings in New York City and Washington, D.C. The group was subject to surveillance but on 2 August 2004 <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> published Khan's name,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> citing Pakistani sources. The news leak forced police in Britain and Canada to make arrests before their investigations were complete. </p><p>When the Luton cell was ended, one of the London bombers, Mohammad Sidique Khan (no known relation), was scrutinised briefly by MI5 who determined that he was not a likely threat and he was not surveilled.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2007_arrests">March 2007 arrests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: March 2007 arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 March 2007, three people were arrested in connection with these bombings. Two were arrested at 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>p.m. at <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a>, attempting to board a flight bound for Pakistan that afternoon. They were apprehended by undercover officers who had been following the men as part of a surveillance operation. They had not intended to arrest the men that day, but believed they could not risk letting the suspects leave the country. A third man was arrested in the Beeston area of Leeds at an address on the street where one of the suicide bombers had lived before the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2007_arrests">May 2007 arrests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: May 2007 arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 May 2007, police made four further arrests, three in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a>, Birmingham. The widow of the presumed ringleader Mohammed Sidique Khan, was among those arrested for "commissioning, preparing or instigating acts of terrorism".<sup id="cite_ref-ringleader_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ringleader-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three of those arrested, including Khan's widow, were released on 15 May.<sup id="cite_ref-ringleader_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ringleader-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth, Khalid Khaliq, an unemployed single father of three, was charged on 17 July 2007 with possessing an al-Qaeda training manual, but the charge was not related to the 2005 London attacks. Conviction for possession of a document containing information likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism carried a maximum ten-year jail sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deportation_of_Abdullah_el-Faisal">Deportation of Abdullah el-Faisal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Deportation of Abdullah el-Faisal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_el-Faisal" title="Abdullah el-Faisal">Abdullah el-Faisal</a> was deported to Jamaica, his country of origin, from Britain on 25 May 2006 after reaching the parole date in his prison sentence. He was found guilty of three charges of soliciting the murder of Jews, Americans and Hindus and two charges of using threatening words to incite racial hatred in 2003 and, despite an appeal, was sentenced to seven years imprisonment. In 2006 <a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">John Reid</a> alleged to MPs that el-Faisal had influenced Jamaican-born Briton Germaine Lindsay into participating in the 7/7 bombings.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigation_of_Mohammad_Sidique_Khan">Investigation of Mohammad Sidique Khan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Investigation of Mohammad Sidique Khan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Guardian</i> reported on 3 May 2007 that police had investigated Mohammad Sidique Khan twice during 2005. The newspaper said it "learned that on 27 January 2005, police took a statement from the manager of a garage in Leeds which had loaned Khan a courtesy car while his vehicle was being repaired." It also said that "on the afternoon of 3 February an officer from <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a>'s anti-terrorism branch carried out inquiries with the company which had insured a car in which Khan was seen driving almost a year earlier". Nothing about these inquiries appeared in the report by Parliament's intelligence and security committee after it investigated the 7 July attacks. Scotland Yard described the 2005 inquiries as "routine", while security sources said they were related to the fertiliser bomb plot.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reports_of_warnings">Reports of warnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Reports of warnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While no warnings before 7 July bombings have been documented officially or acknowledged, the following are sometimes quoted as indications either of the events to come or of some foreknowledge. </p> <ul><li>One of the London bombers, Mohammad Sidique Khan, was briefly scrutinised by MI5 who determined that he was not a likely threat and he was not put under surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-NOTHREAT_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOTHREAT-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some news stories, current a few hours after the attacks, questioned the British government's contention that there had not been any warning or prior intelligence. It was reported by <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> that a senior Israeli official said that British police told the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Israel,_London" title="Embassy of Israel, London">Israeli embassy in London</a> minutes before the explosions that they had received warnings of possible terror attacks in the UK capital. An AP report used by a number of news sites, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, attributed the initial report of a warning to an Israeli "Foreign Ministry official, speaking on condition of anonymity", but added Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a>'s later denial on <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defense Forces Radio">Israel Defense Forces Radio</a>: "There was no early information about terrorist attacks." A similar report on the site of right-wing Israeli paper <i>Israel National News/Arutz Sheva</i> attributed the story to "Army Radio quoting unconfirmed reliable sources."<sup id="cite_ref-REPORT_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REPORT-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the report has been retracted, the original stories are still circulated as a result of their presence on the news websites' archives.</li> <li>In an interview with the Portuguese newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAblico_(Portugal)" title="Público (Portugal)">Público</a></i> a month after the <a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a>, Syrian-born cleric <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bakri_Muhammad" title="Omar Bakri Muhammad">Omar Bakri Muhammad</a> warned that "a very well-organised" London-based group which he called "al-Qaeda Europe" was "on the verge of launching a big operation."<sup id="cite_ref-BAKRI_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAKRI-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2004, Bakri vowed that, if Western governments did not change their policies, Muslims would give them "a 9/11, day after day after day."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTJuly8_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTJuly8-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to a 17 November 2004 post on the <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> website, US authorities in 2004 had evidence that terrorists were planning a possible attack in London. In addition, the article stated that, "fears of terror attacks have prompted FBI agents based in the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_London" title="Embassy of the United States, London">U.S. embassy in London</a> to avoid travelling on London's popular underground railway (or tube) system."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In an interview published by the German magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild am Sonntag</a></i> dated 10 July 2005, <a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a>, director of the Israeli intelligence agency <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a>, said that the agency's office in London was alerted to the impending attack at 8:43<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m., six minutes before the first bomb detonated. The warning of a possible attack was a result of an investigation into an earlier terrorist bombing in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, which may have been related to the London bombings.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anwar_al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Anwar al-Awlaki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> reported that radical imam <a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a> had inspired the bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bombers transcribed lectures of al-Awlaki while plotting the bombings. His materials were found in the possession of accused accomplices of the suicide bombers. Al-Awlaki was killed by a US drone attack in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_inquest">Independent inquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Independent inquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, the government refused to hold a public inquiry, stating that "it would be a ludicrous diversion". Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> said an independent inquiry would "undermine support" for MI5, while the leader of the opposition, <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, said only a full inquiry would "get to the truth".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reaction to revelations about the extent of security service investigations into the bombers prior to the attack, the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Home_Secretary" title="Shadow Home Secretary">Shadow Home Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">David Davis</a>, said: "It is becoming more and more clear that the story presented to the public and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> is at odds with the facts."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Cameron became Prime Minister in 2010, an independent coroner's inquest of the bombings began.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Justice_Hallett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Justice Hallett">Lady Justice Hallett</a> was appointed to hear the inquest, which would consider how each victim died and whether MI5, if it had worked better, could have prevented the attack, and also the emergency service response.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After seven months of evidence and deliberation, the verdict of the inquiry was released and read in the Houses of Parliament on 9 May 2011. It determined that the 52 victims had been unlawfully killed; their deaths could not have been prevented, and they would probably have died "whatever time the emergency services reached and rescued them". Hallett concluded that MI5 had not made every possible improvement since the attacks but that it was not "right or fair" to say more attention should have been paid to ringleader Mohammad Sidique Khan prior to 7 July. She also decided that there should be no public inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The report provided nine recommendations to various bodies:<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>With reference to a photograph of Khan and Shehzad Tanweer which was so badly cropped by MI5 that the pair was virtually unrecognisable to the US authorities asked to review it, the inquiry recommended that procedures be improved so that humans asked to view photographs are shown them in best possible quality.</li> <li>In relation to the suggestion that MI5 failed to realise the suspects were important quickly enough, the inquiry recommended that MI5 improves the way it records decisions relating to suspect assessment.</li> <li>The inquiry recommended that 'major incident' training for all frontline staff, especially those working on the Underground, is reviewed.</li> <li>With regards to the facts that London Underground (LU) is unable to declare a 'major incident' itself and that LU was not invited to an emergency meeting at Scotland Yard at 10:30<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. on the morning of the bombings, the inquiry recommends that the way <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">Transport for London</a> (TfL) and the London <a href="/wiki/Urban_resilience" title="Urban resilience">resilience</a> team are alerted to major incidents and the way the emergency services are informed is reviewed.</li> <li>Regarding the confusion on 7 July 2005 over the emergency rendezvous point, it was recommended that a common initial rendezvous point is permanently staffed and advised to emergency services;</li> <li>In response to the evidence that some firefighters refused to walk on the tracks at Aldgate to reach the bombed train because they had not received confirmation that the electric current had been switched off, the inquiry recommended a review into how emergency workers confirm whether the current is off after a major incident.</li> <li>A recommendation was made that TfL reviewed the provision of stretchers and <a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">first aid</a> equipment at Underground stations.</li> <li>Training of London Ambulance Service (LAS) staff of "multi-casualty triage" should be reviewed, following concerns in the inquest that some casualties were not actually treated by paramedics who had triaged them.</li> <li>A final recommendation was made to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health (United Kingdom)">Department of Health</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a> and the London resilience team to review the capability and funding of emergency medical care in the city.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_newspaper_phone_hacking">Alleged newspaper phone hacking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Alleged newspaper phone hacking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was reported in July 2011 that relatives of some of the victims of the bombings may have had their telephones accessed by the <i><a href="/wiki/News_of_the_World" title="News of the World">News of the World</a></i> in the aftermath of the attacks. The revelations added to an existing <a href="/wiki/News_International_phone_hacking_scandal" title="News International phone hacking scandal">controversy over phone hacking</a> by the tabloid newspaper. </p><p>The fathers of two victims, one in the Edgware Road blast and another at Russell Square, told the BBC that police officers investigating the alleged hacking had warned them that their contact details were found on a target list, while a former firefighter who helped injured passengers escape from Edgware Road also said he had been contacted by police who were looking into the hacking allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of survivors from the bombed trains also revealed that police had warned them their phones may have been accessed and their messages intercepted, and in some cases officers advised them to change security codes and <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">PINs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings_memorials_and_services" title="7 July 2005 London bombings memorials and services">7 July 2005 London bombings memorials and services</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrFlagsmall1b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TrFlagsmall1b.jpg/220px-TrFlagsmall1b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TrFlagsmall1b.jpg/330px-TrFlagsmall1b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TrFlagsmall1b.jpg/440px-TrFlagsmall1b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>People observing a two-minute silence in <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> on the evening of 14 July 2005</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg/220px-7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg/330px-7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg/440px-7_7_Hyde_Park_090712.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/7_July_Memorial" title="7 July Memorial">7 July Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the bombings, the United Kingdom and other nations have honoured the victims in several ways. Most of these memorials have included moments of silence, candlelit vigils, and the laying of flowers at the attack sites. Foreign leaders have also remembered the dead by ordering their flags to be flown at <a href="/wiki/Half-mast" title="Half-mast">half-mast</a>, signing books of condolences at embassies of the UK, and issuing messages of support and condolences to the British people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government ordered the <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a> to be flown at half-mast on 8 July.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a> led prayers for the victims during a service paying tribute to the role of women during the Second World War. A vigil, called by the <a href="/wiki/Stop_the_War_Coalition" title="Stop the War Coalition">Stop the War Coalition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Association_of_Britain" title="Muslim Association of Britain">Muslim Association of Britain</a>, was held from 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>p.m., at Friends Meeting House on Euston Road. </p><p>A two-minute silence was held on 14 July 2005 throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands attended a vigil at 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>p.m. on <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>. After an initial silence there was a series of speakers for two hours. A memorial service was held at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> on 1 November 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To mark the first anniversary of the attack, a two-minute silence was observed at midday across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/7_July_Memorial" title="7 July Memorial">permanent memorial was unveiled</a> in 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a> to mark the fourth anniversary of the bombings.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the eve of the ninth anniversary of the attacks in 2014 the memorial was defaced with messages including "Blair lied, thousands died". The graffiti was removed within hours.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" title="2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">opening ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games</a> in London a minute's silence was held to commemorate those killed in the attacks. </p><p>A memorial service was held in St. Paul's Cathedral on 7 July 2015, to mark the tenth anniversary of the bombings. This was broadcast on BBC One.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> visited the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_Kingdom,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington, D.C.">British embassy</a> the day after the bombings, upon his return from the G8 summit in Scotland, and signed a book of condolence.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Washington, D.C., the US Army band played "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="God Save the Queen">God Save the Queen</a>" (the British national anthem, the melody of which is also used in an American patriotic hymn, "<a href="/wiki/My_Country,_%27Tis_of_Thee" title="My Country, 'Tis of Thee">My Country, 'Tis of Thee</a>"), a suggestion that US Army veteran John Miska made to Vice Chief of Staff General Cody, outside the British embassy in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar tribute had been made by the Queen in the days following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001 where the <a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Spangled Banner">Star Spangled Banner</a> played at Buckingham Palace's <a href="/wiki/Changing_the_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Changing the Guard">Changing the Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-queens-guard_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queens-guard-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 July, a <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Detroit Symphony Orchestra">Detroit Symphony Orchestra</a> brass ensemble played the British national anthem during the pre-game festivities of the <a href="/wiki/2005_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="2005 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">Major League Baseball All-Star Game</a> at <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a> in Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flags were ordered to fly at half-mast across Australia, New Zealand<sup id="cite_ref-NZflags_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZflags-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Canadaflag_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadaflag-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Union Flag was raised to half-mast alongside the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Australia" title="Flag of Australia">Flag of Australia</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge" title="Sydney Harbour Bridge">Sydney Harbour Bridge</a> as a show of "sympathy between nations".<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moments of silence were observed in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejm of the Republic of Poland">Polish parliament</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Irish parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 14 July. The British national anthem was played at the changing of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Guard_(Spain)" title="Royal Guard (Spain)">Royal Guard</a> at <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Oriente" title="Plaza de Oriente">Plaza de Oriente</a> in Madrid in memorial to the victims of the attacks. The ceremony was attended by the British ambassador to Spain and members of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Family">Spanish Royal Family</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a>, the UK had hosted a similar ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planned_anniversary_attack">Planned anniversary attack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Planned anniversary attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mohammed Rehman and Sana Ahmed Khan were sentenced to life imprisonment on 29 December 2015 for preparing an act of terrorism, planning to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the 7/7 attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had 10<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg of <a href="/wiki/Urea_nitrate" title="Urea nitrate">urea nitrate</a>. Rehman called himself the 'silent bomber' and asked his Twitter followers to choose between <a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield London</a> or the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> for the planned suicide bomb.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/24px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/33px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jean_Charles_de_Menezes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Jean Charles de Menezes">Death of Jean Charles de Menezes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Hicks" title="Gill Hicks">Gill Hicks</a>—Australian motivational speaker, author and curator, who had both legs amputated below the knee as a result of the bombings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_Wright" title="Martine Wright">Martine Wright</a>—Paralympic athlete who lost both her legs while travelling to work during one of the bombings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks" title="List of Islamist terrorist attacks">List of Islamist terrorist attacks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/7-7-anniversary-uk-s-risk-of-terror-attack-higher-now-than-days-of-london-bombings-1-7341303">"7/7 Anniversary: UK's Risk of Terror Attack Higher Now than Days of London Bombings"</a>. <i>Yorkshire Post</i>. 4 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122648/https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/7-7-anniversary-uk-s-risk-of-terror-attack-higher-now-than-days-of-london-bombings-1-7341303">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC News. 12 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918033622/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4674469.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910092021/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/what_happened/html/russell_sq.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indepth+London+Attacks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F05%2Flondon_blasts%2Fwhat_happened%2Fhtml%2Frussell_sq.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/london_bombing/timeline050707.html">"London Blasts Timeline"</a>. CBC News. 22 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002204540/https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/london_bombing/timeline050707.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+52+victims+of+the+7%2F7+bombings+remembered&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2F77-bombings-london-anniversary-live-the-52-victims-of-the-london-terror-attacks-remembered-10369569.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4689739.stm#">Image of bombers' deadly journey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817152016/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4689739.stm">Archived</a> 17 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News, 17 July 2005. Retrieved 3 December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheTimes-2007-05-06-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheTimes-2007-05-06_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2007" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Leo (6 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629110221/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1752338.ece">"The jihadi house parties of hate: Britain's terror network offered an easy target the security services missed, says Shiv Malik"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1752338.ece">the original</a></span> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>And how could Charles Clarke, home secretary at the time, claim that Khan and his associates were 'clean skins' unknown to the security services?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+jihadi+house+parties+of+hate%3A+Britain%27s+terror+network+offered+an+easy+target+the+security+services+missed%2C+says+Shiv+Malik&rft.date=2007-05-06&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Farticle1752338.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4676909.stm">"Police news conference: Full text"</a>. 12 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230235934/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4676909.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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JHU Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1421401447" title="Special:BookSources/978-1421401447"><bdi>978-1421401447</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614112609/https://books.google.com/books?id=RMeqBfA9-RUC&pg=PA199">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Some of our competitors talked immediately of 90 dead. They talked about three bus bombs. That was off a range of various wire services and it was complete speculation and we wouldn't go with that. We would be careful – we would try to check things out.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Helen+Boaden&rft.date=2005-09-12&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2005%2Fsep%2F12%2Fmondaymediasection.tvnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703070502/http://www.bbc.co.uk/feedback/07July_Statistics.shtml">"Statistics on BBC Webservers 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>July<span class="nowrap"> </span>2005"</a>. BBC. 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Encounter Books, 2006, p. 189 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4668675.stm">"Police appeal for bombing footage"</a>. BBC News. 10 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061123232831/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4668675.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061120083318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4672037.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Al-Qaeda+commander+linked+to+2005+London+bombings+led+attacks+on+Nato+convoys&rft.date=2009-01-22&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.au=Khan%2C+Emal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fpakistan%2F4313740%2FAl-Qaeda-commander-linked-to-2005-London-bombings-led-attacks-on-Nato-convoys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robertson, Nic Cruickshank, Paul and Lister, Tim (30 April 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/30/world/al-qaeda-documents-london-bombings/?c=&page=0">"Documents give new details on al Qaeda's London bombings"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502131341/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/30/world/al-qaeda-documents-london-bombings/?c=&page=0">Archived</a> 2 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CNN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2005" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Chris (9 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jul/09/july7.uksecurity12">"Tube blasts 'almost simultaneous'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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BBC News. 17 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090103174935/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3494905.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712193328/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6630555/Fort-Hood-shooting-radical-Islamic-preacher-also-inspired-July-7-bombers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=7%2F7+survivors+condemn+defacement+of+memorial+on+ninth+anniversary&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2014%2Fjul%2F07%2Fjuly-7-survivors-memorial-defacement-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b061vc8z">"BBC One – 7/7: The London Bombings Remembered"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006052838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b061vc8z">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+One+%E2%80%93+7%2F7%3A+The+London+Bombings+Remembered&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb061vc8z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/07/20050708-9.html">"President Signs Book of Condolence at British Embassy"</a>. White House. 8 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609124008/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/07/20050708-9.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Signs+Book+of+Condolence+at+British+Embassy&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2005%2F07%2F20050708-9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(7 July 2005). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/07/07/us.response/index.html">U.S. raises terror alert for transit systems – 7 July 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608195317/http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/07/07/us.response/index.html">Archived</a> 8 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". CNN. Retrieved 16 April 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-queens-guard-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-queens-guard_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves2001" class="citation news cs1">Graves, David (14 September 2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1340465/Palace-breaks-with-tradition-in-musical-tribute.html">"Palace breaks with tradition in musical tribute"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820234124/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1340465/Palace-breaks-with-tradition-in-musical-tribute.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Palace+breaks+with+tradition+in+musical+tribute&rft.date=2001-09-14&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fnorthamerica%2Fusa%2F1340465%2FPalace-breaks-with-tradition-in-musical-tribute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd2005" class="citation news cs1">Dodd, Mike (13 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/allstar/2005-07-13-rating-the-game_x.htm">"Rating the game: Clemens, dugout humor spice it up"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529191545/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/allstar/2005-07-13-rating-the-game_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Rating+the+game%3A+Clemens%2C+dugout+humor+spice+it+up&rft.date=2005-07-13&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fallstar%2F2005-07-13-rating-the-game_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZflags-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZflags_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(8 July 2005). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411749/596569">No Known New Zealand Casualties in London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051227022532/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411749/596569">Archived</a> 27 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". tvnz.co.nz. Retrieved 4 September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canadaflag-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canadaflag_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(1 September 2005). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/berne-halfmasting/index_e.cfm">Half Masting of the Flag</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051105014751/http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/berne-halfmasting/index_e.cfm">Archived</a> 5 November 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Canadian Heritage. Retrieved 4 September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(3 September 2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.flagaustnat.asn.au/protocol.php">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110219021015/http://www.flagaustnat.asn.au/protocol.php">Archived</a> 19 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Australian National Flag Association. Retrieved 6 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(12 July 2005) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/index.asp?locID=199&docID=2085">Government Calls for Two Minutes Silence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818175554/https://www.gov.ie/en/organisation/department-of-the-taoiseach/?docID=2085">Archived</a> 18 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", and in Cyprus. Department of the Taoiseach. Retrieved 4 September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(13 July 2005). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4679293.stm">Spain Royal Guard Honours London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616162836/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4679293.stm">Archived</a> 16 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". BBC. Retrieved 4 September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_Mortimer2015" class="citation web cs1">Caroline Mortimer (30 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/silent-bomber-mohammed-rehman-and-wife-sana-ahmed-khan-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-for-london-terror-a6790741.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Silent Bomber' Mohammed Rehman and wife Sana Ahmed Khan sentenced to life in prison for London terror plot"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618085242/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/silent-bomber-mohammed-rehman-and-wife-sana-ahmed-khan-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-for-london-terror-a6790741.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=%27Silent+Bomber%27+Mohammed+Rehman+and+wife+Sana+Ahmed+Khan+sentenced+to+life+in+prison+for+London+terror+plot&rft.date=2015-12-30&rft.au=Caroline+Mortimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fcrime%2Fsilent-bomber-mohammed-rehman-and-wife-sana-ahmed-khan-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-for-london-terror-a6790741.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowcott2015" class="citation news cs1">Bowcott, Owen (29 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/29/couple-guilty-july-7-anniversary-bomb-plot-london">"Couple found guilty of 7/7 anniversary London bomb plot"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112122131/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/29/couple-guilty-july-7-anniversary-bomb-plot-london">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Couple+found+guilty+of+7%2F7+anniversary+London+bomb+plot&rft.date=2015-12-29&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Bowcott&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2015%2Fdec%2F29%2Fcouple-guilty-july-7-anniversary-bomb-plot-london&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEUMC2005" class="citation book cs1">EUMC (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/197-London-Bomb-attacks-EN.pdf"><i>The impact of 7 July 2005 London bomb attacks on Muslim communities in the EU</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+impact+of+7+July+2005+London+bomb+attacks+on+Muslim+communities+in+the+EU&rft.pub=European+Monitoring+Centre+on+Racism+and+Xenophobia&rft.date=2005&rft.au=EUMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffra.europa.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffra_uploads%2F197-London-Bomb-attacks-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali, Tariq</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/Rough_Music:_Blair,_Bombs,_Baghdad,_London,_Terror" title="Rough Music: Blair, Bombs, Baghdad, London, Terror"><i>Rough Music: Blair, Bombs, Baghdad, London, Terror</i></a>. London: Verso Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844675-456" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844675-456"><bdi>978-1-844675-456</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61731307">61731307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Music%3A+Blair%2C+Bombs%2C+Baghdad%2C+London%2C+Terror&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61731307&rft.isbn=978-1-844675-456&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A7+July+2005+London+bombings" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Official reports</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/05_06_06_london_bombing.pdf">Greater London Authority report</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803143636/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/05_06_06_london_bombing.pdf">Archived</a> 3 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) (PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/11_05_06_narrative.pdf">House of Commons report</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803143442/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/11_05_06_narrative.pdf">Archived</a> 3 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) (PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/11_05_06_isc_london_attacks_report.pdf">Intelligence and Security Committee report – May 2006</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803143837/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/11_05_06_isc_london_attacks_report.pdf">Archived</a> 3 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090606014206/http%3A//www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/210852/20090519_77review.pdf">Intelligence and Security Committee report – May 2009</a> (PDF)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Medical report</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/6/541?query=TOC">The account of the doctor leading the team at the scene of the Tavistock Square bus bomb</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051103042739/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/6/541?query=TOC">Archived</a> 3 November 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). Retrieved 11 August 2005.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Radio broadcasts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904155247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/aod/networks/london/aod.shtml?london%2Fjongaunt_bombings">The Jon Gaunt show</a> originally broadcast live at 9:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. on 7 July 2005 on <a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">BBC London</a>. First mention of events at approximately 27 minutes into the broadcast.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Photos</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/victims/">Images of the victims</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709002239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/victims">Archived</a> 9 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article324831.ab">Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet writes about posters honouring the terrorists</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919082000/http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article324831.ab">Archived</a> 19 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=7_July_2005_London_bombings&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://julyseventh.co.uk/j7-inquest-transcripts/">Official inquest transcripts</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> interview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37324130/">with the brother-in-law of Mohammad Sidique Khan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_history" title="Template:London history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_history" title="Template talk:London history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_London" title="History of London">History of London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Lundenwic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Roman London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Anglo-Saxon London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_and_Medieval_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman and Medieval London">Norman and Medieval London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_London" title="Tudor London">Tudor London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_London" title="Stuart London">Stuart London</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_London" title="18th-century London">18th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_London" title="19th-century London">19th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London_(1900%E2%80%931939)" title="History of London (1900–1939)">1900–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_in_World_War_II" title="London in World War II">World War II</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#1945–2000" title="History of London">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#21st_century" title="History of London">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">Coronations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death_in_England" title="Black Death in England">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak" title="1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak">1854 cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Stink" title="Great Stink">Great Stink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Exhibition" title="Franco-British Exhibition">1908 Franco-British Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">The Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smog_of_London" title="Great Smog of London">Great Smog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_Sixties" title="Swinging Sixties">Swinging London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="1966 FIFA World Cup final">1966 FIFA World Cup final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests#London" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">Anti-war protests</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">7/7 bombings</a></li> <li>Olympic Games <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012 Summer Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire" title="Grenfell Tower fire">Grenfell Tower fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a></li></ul></li> <li>Current <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_London" title="List of political parties in London">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="London Labour Party">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Green_Party" title="London Green Party">London Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_independence" title="London independence">London independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Runners" title="Bow Street Runners">Bow Street Runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Metropolitan_Police" title="History of the Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Ambulance_Service" title="London Ambulance Service">London Ambulance Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_sewer_system" title="London sewer system">London sewer system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_London_Underground" title="History of the London Underground">London Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="London Metropolitan Archives">London Metropolitan Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_City_of_London" title="Wards of the City of London">Wards of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery_company" title="Livery company">Livery Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show" title="Lord Mayor's Show">Lord Mayor's Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">The Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_London" title="Fortifications of London">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_London" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater London">Scheduled monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_London" title="Category:History of London">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Template:Islamic terrorism in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Islamic terrorism in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic terrorism in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Islamic terrorism in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorism in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Islam and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Spillover of the Syrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL-related_terrorist_attacks_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France">ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_ISIL_terror_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels ISIL terror cell">Brussels ISIL terror cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannes-Torcy_cell" title="Cannes-Torcy cell">Cannes-Torcy cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_activities_in_Europe" title="Al-Qaeda activities in Europe">Al-Qaeda involvement in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lone wolf attacks">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Stockholm_bombings" title="2010 Stockholm bombings">2010 Stockholm bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Copenhagen_shootings" title="2015 Copenhagen shootings">2015 Copenhagen shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Stockholm_truck_attack" title="2017 Stockholm truck attack">2017 Stockholm truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turku_attack" title="2017 Turku attack">2017 Turku attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Oslo_shooting" title="2022 Oslo shooting">2022 Oslo shooting</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UnitedKingdom" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Terrorism in the United Kingdom">United<br />Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Airport_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Airport attack">Glasgow Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lee_Rigby" title="Murder of Lee Rigby">Murder of Lee Rigby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">2017 Westminster attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">2017 London Bridge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsons_Green_train_bombing" title="Parsons Green train bombing">Parsons Green train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_London_Bridge_stabbing" title="2019 London Bridge stabbing">2019 London Bridge stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Streatham_stabbing" title="2020 Streatham stabbing">2020 Streatham stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Reading_stabbings" title="2020 Reading stabbings">2020 Reading stabbings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_David_Amess" title="Murder of David Amess">Murder of David Amess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Istanbul_bombings" title="2003 Istanbul bombings">2003 Istanbul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">2017 Barcelona attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">2020 Vienna attack</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_activity_in_Belgium" title="Terrorist activity in Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">2016 Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Brussels_police_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers">2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2017 Brussels attack">June 2017 Brussels attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">August 2017 Brussels attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">2018 Liège attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_France" title="List of terrorist incidents in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_France_Flight_8969" title="Air France Flight 8969">Air France Flight 8969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_France_bombings" title="1995 France bombings">1995 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_and_Montauban_shootings" title="Toulouse and Montauban shootings">Toulouse and Montauban shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_La_D%C3%A9fense_attack" title="2013 La Défense attack">2013 La Défense attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Tours_police_station_stabbing" title="2014 Tours police station stabbing">2014 Tours police station stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_%C3%8Ele-de-France_attacks" title="January 2015 Île-de-France attacks">2015 Île-de-France attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">Charlie Hebdo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher siege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nice_stabbing" title="2015 Nice stabbing">2015 Nice stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Thalys_train_attack" title="2015 Thalys train attack">2015 Thalys train attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Paris_police_station_attack" title="January 2016 Paris police station attack">2016 Paris police station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">2016 Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">2016 Nice truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">2016 Normandy church attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Orly_Airport_attack" title="2017 Orly Airport attack">2017 Orly Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_attack" title="April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack">2017 Champs-Élysées attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_attack" title="2017 Notre-Dame de Paris attack">2017 Notre Dame attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_car_ramming_attack" title="June 2017 Champs-Élysées car ramming attack">2017 Champs-Élysées ramming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Levallois-Perret_attack" title="2017 Levallois-Perret attack">Levallois-Perret attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Marseille_stabbing" title="2017 Marseille stabbing">2017 Marseille stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcassonne and Trèbes attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">2018 Paris knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Strasbourg_attack" title="2018 Strasbourg attack">2018 Strasbourg attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Lyon_bombing" title="2019 Lyon bombing">2019 Lyon bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_police_headquarters_stabbing" title="Paris police headquarters stabbing">Paris police headquarters stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re_knife_attack" title="2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack">2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Paris_stabbing_attack" title="2020 Paris stabbing attack">2020 Paris stabbing attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Samuel_Paty" title="Murder of Samuel Paty">Murder of Samuel Paty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nice_stabbing" title="2020 Nice stabbing">2020 Nice stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambouillet_knife_attack" title="Rambouillet knife attack">Rambouillet knife attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Germany" title="Terrorism in Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Frankfurt_Airport_shooting" title="2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting">2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover stabbing">Hanover stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">2016 Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">2016 Berlin truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hamburg_knife_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Hamburg knife attack">2017 Hamburg knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Dresden_knife_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Dresden knife attack">2020 Dresden knife attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of terrorist incidents in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(film_director)" title="Theo van Gogh (film director)">Murder of Theo van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Amsterdam_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack">2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_tram_shooting" title="Utrecht tram shooting">2019 Utrecht tram shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counter-<br />terrorism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Sentinelle" title="Opération Sentinelle">Opération Sentinelle, France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vigilant_Guardian" title="Operation Vigilant Guardian">Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Temperer" title="Operation Temperer">Operation Temperer, UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Raids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Norway_terror_threat" title="2014 Norway terror threat">2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_anti-terrorism_operations_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium">January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_lockdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels lockdown">Brussels lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_police_raids" title="2016 Brussels police raids">2016 Brussels police raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saint-Denis_raid" title="2015 Saint-Denis raid">2015 Saint-Denis, France raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Petersburg_raid" title="2017 St. Petersburg raid">2017 Saint Petersburg raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Railway_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_2000–present" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_accidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_2000%E2%80%93present" title="Template:Railway accidents in the United Kingdom, 2000–present"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Railway_accidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_2000%E2%80%93present" title="Template talk:Railway accidents in the United Kingdom, 2000–present"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Railway_accidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_2000%E2%80%93present" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Railway accidents in the United Kingdom, 2000–present"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Railway_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_2000–present" class="summary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rail_accidents_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rail accidents in the United Kingdom">Railway accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom</a>, 2000–present</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hatfield_rail_crash" title="Hatfield rail crash">Hatfield</a> (Oct 2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hill_railway_station#Incidents" title="Lawrence Hill railway station">Lawrence Hill</a> (Nov 2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selby_rail_crash" title="Selby rail crash">Great Heck</a> (Feb 2001) <b>‡</b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nocton_rail_crash" title="Nocton rail crash">Nocton</a> (Feb 2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potters_Bar_rail_accidents#2002" title="Potters Bar rail accidents">Potters Bar</a> (May 2002)</span> <b>‡</b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmarsh_Road_railway_station#Fatal_accident" title="Burmarsh Road railway station">Burmarsh Road</a> (Aug 2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tebay_rail_accident" title="Tebay rail accident">Tebay</a> (Feb 2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ufton_Nervet_rail_crash" title="Ufton Nervet rail crash">Ufton Nervet</a> (Nov 2004)</span> <b>‡</b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">7/7, London</a> (Jul 2005)</span> <b>‡</b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romney,_Hythe_and_Dymchurch_Railway#Incidents" title="Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway">Battery Road</a> (Jul 2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/21_July_2005_London_bombings" title="21 July 2005 London bombings">London</a> (Jul 2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elsenham_railway_station#Crossing_accident" title="Elsenham railway station">Elsenham</a> (Dec 2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grayrigg_derailment" title="Grayrigg derailment">Grayrigg</a> (Feb 2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barrow_upon_Soar_rail_crash" title="Barrow upon Soar rail crash">Barrow upon Soar</a> (Feb 2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Channel_Tunnel_fire" title="2008 Channel Tunnel fire">Channel Tunnel</a> (Sep 2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carrbridge_railway_station#2010_freight_train_derailment" title="Carrbridge railway station">Carrbridge</a> (Jan 2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Falls_of_Cruachan_derailment" title="Falls of Cruachan derailment">Falls of Cruachan</a> (Jun 2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Cornard_derailment" title="Little Cornard derailment">Little Cornard</a> (Aug 2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oxshott_railway_station#Incidents" title="Oxshott railway station">Oxshott</a> (Nov 2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_66#Accidents_and_incidents" title="British Rail Class 66">Loch Treig</a> (Jun 2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwich_railway_station#Accidents_and_incidents" title="Norwich railway station">Norwich</a> (Jul 2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Wootton_Bassett_rail_incident" title="2015 Wootton Bassett rail incident">Wootton Bassett</a> (Mar 2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Supertram#Accidents_and_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield Supertram">Shalesmoor</a> (Oct 2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_railway_station#Accidents_and_incidents" title="Plymouth railway station">Plymouth</a> (Apr 2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Watford_Junction_railway_station#2016_accident" title="Watford Junction railway station">Watford Junction</a> (Sep 2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Croydon_tram_derailment" title="2016 Croydon tram derailment">Croydon</a> (Nov 2016)</span> <b>‡</b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station#2017_wall_collapse" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street</a> (Feb 2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station#Accidents_and_incidents" title="London Waterloo station">London Waterloo</a> (Aug 2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Parsons_Green_train_bombing" title="Parsons Green train bombing">Parsons Green</a> (Sep 2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Lewisham_train_strandings" title="2018 Lewisham train strandings">Lewisham</a> (Mar 2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_accidents#2010s" title="List of tram accidents">Staniforth Road</a> (Oct 2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_accidents#2010s" title="List of tram accidents">Staniforth Road</a> (Nov 2018)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stonehaven_derailment" title="Stonehaven derailment">Stonehaven</a> (Aug 2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Llangennech_derailment" title="Llangennech derailment">Llangennech</a> (Aug 2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirkby_train_crash" title="Kirkby train crash">Kirkby</a> (Mar 2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Salisbury_rail_crash" title="2021 Salisbury rail crash">Salisbury</a> (Oct 2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aviemore_railway_station#Accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviemore railway station">Aviemore</a> (Sep 2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Talerddig_train_collision" title="2024 Talerddig train collision">Talerddig</a> (Oct 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>‡</b> indicates railway accidents and incidents resulting in at least 5 fatalities <br /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_accidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_1900%E2%80%931999" title="Template:Railway accidents in the United Kingdom, 1900–1999">1900–1999</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_accidents_in_the_United_Kingdom,_1900%E2%80%931999" title="Template:Railway accidents in the United Kingdom, 1900–1999"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2011–12_News_Corporation_scandal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2011%E2%80%9312_News_Corporation_scandal" title="Template:2011–12 News Corporation scandal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2011%E2%80%9312_News_Corporation_scandal" title="Template talk:2011–12 News Corporation scandal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011%E2%80%9312_News_Corporation_scandal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011–12 News Corporation scandal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2011–12_News_Corporation_scandal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2011_News_Corporation_scandals" title="2011 News Corporation scandals">2011–12 News Corporation scandal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_News_Corporation_scandal" title="Timeline of the News Corporation scandal">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_International_phone_hacking_scandal" title="News International phone hacking scandal">News International phone hacking scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_of_the_World_royal_phone_hacking_scandal" title="News of the World royal phone hacking scandal"><i>News of the World</i> royal phone hacking scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_takeover_bid_for_BSkyB" title="News Corporation takeover bid for BSkyB">News Corporation takeover bid for BSkyB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_of_the_World_phone_hacking_scandal_investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="News of the World phone hacking scandal investigations"><i>News of the World</i> phone hacking scandal investigations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News_Corporation" title="News Corporation">News Corporation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News International</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/News_of_the_World" title="News of the World">News of the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Corp_Australia" title="News Corp Australia">News Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Limited">BSkyB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media and Sport Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbottle_%26_Lewis" title="Harbottle & Lewis">Harbottle & Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Complaints_Commission" title="Independent Police Complaints Commission">Independent Police Complaints Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_role_in_the_news_media_phone_hacking_scandal" title="Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal">role</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Complaints_Commission" title="Press Complaints Commission">Press Complaints Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_Fraud_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)">Serious Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitors_Regulation_Authority" title="Solicitors Regulation Authority">Solicitors Regulation Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_related_to_the_News_International_phone_hacking_scandal" title="List of people related to the News International phone hacking scandal">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_news_media_phone_hacking_scandal_victims" title="List of news media phone hacking scandal victims">Known victims</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">7/7 attack victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ash" title="Leslie Ash">Leslie Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Chapman" title="Lee Chapman">Lee Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Church" title="Charlotte Church">Charlotte Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Coogan" title="Steve Coogan">Steve Coogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Diamond" title="Anne Diamond">Anne Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Milly_Dowler" title="Murder of Milly Dowler">Milly Dowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Flitcroft" title="Garry Flitcroft">Garry Flitcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Gascoigne" title="Sheryl Gascoigne">Sheryl Gascoigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Gray_(footballer,_born_1955)" title="Andy Gray (footballer, born 1955)">Andy Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessa_Jowell" title="Tessa Jowell">Tessa Jowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Madeleine_McCann" title="Disappearance of Madeleine McCann">Gerry and Kate McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Macpherson" title="Elle Macpherson">Elle Macpherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sienna_Miller" title="Sienna Miller">Sienna Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr" title="Ian Paisley Jr">Ian Paisley Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Payne" title="Sara Payne">Sara Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Akers" title="Sue Akers">Sue Akers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Clarke_(police_officer)" title="Peter Clarke (police officer)">Peter Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hayman" title="Andy Hayman">Andy Hayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Stephenson_(police_officer)" title="Paul Stephenson (police officer)">Paul Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Yates_(police_officer)" title="John Yates (police officer)">John Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News_Corporation" title="News Corporation">News Corporation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Brooks" title="Rebekah Brooks">Rebekah Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Chapman_(UK_hack)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Chapman (UK hack) (page does not exist)">Jonathan Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Cloke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Cloke (page does not exist)">Daniel Cloke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Coulson" title="Andy Coulson">Andy Coulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crone" title="Tom Crone">Tom Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendi_Deng_Murdoch" title="Wendi Deng Murdoch">Wendi Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Desborough_(journalist)" title="James Desborough (journalist)">James Desborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_D._Dinh" title="Viet D. Dinh">Viet Dinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Edmondson" title="Ian Edmondson">Ian Edmondson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Goodman" title="Clive Goodman">Clive Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Grabiner,_Baron_Grabiner" title="Anthony Grabiner, Baron Grabiner">Baron Grabiner</a></li> <li>Simon Greenberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Hinton" title="Les Hinton">Les Hinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hoare" title="Sean Hoare">Sean Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Jacobs" title="Lawrence Jacobs">Lawrence Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Klein" title="Joel Klein">Joel Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Kuttner" title="Stuart Kuttner">Stuart Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_(journalist)" title="William Lewis (journalist)">William Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McMullan_(journalist)" title="Paul McMullan (journalist)">Paul McMullan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Miskiw" title="Greg Miskiw">Greg Miskiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mockridge" title="Tom Mockridge">Tom Mockridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Mulcaire" title="Glenn Mulcaire">Glenn Mulcaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murdoch" title="James Murdoch">James Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Myler" title="Colin Myler">Colin Myler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Panton" title="Lucy Panton">Lucy Panton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Pyatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamie Pyatt (page does not exist)">Jamie Pyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rees" title="Jonathan Rees">Jonathan Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Thurlbeck" title="Neville Thurlbeck">Neville Thurlbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Wallis" title="Neil Wallis">Neil Wallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weatherup" title="James Weatherup">James Weatherup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Davies" title="Nick Davies">Nick Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler,_Baron_Fowler" title="Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler">Lord Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Leveson" title="Brian Leveson">Lord Justice Leveson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Jay Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Staines" title="Paul Staines">Paul Staines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guido_Fawkes" title="Guido Fawkes">Guido Fawkes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(Labour_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Watson (Labour politician)">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whittingdale" title="John Whittingdale">John Whittingdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_arrested_in_the_News_International_phone-hacking_scandal" title="List of people arrested in the News International phone-hacking scandal">List of people arrested in the News International phone-hacking scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations<br /> and legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/HM_Advocate_v_Sheridan_and_Sheridan" title="HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan">HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leveson_Inquiry" title="Leveson Inquiry">Leveson Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Elveden" title="Operation Elveden">Operation Elveden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kalmyk" title="Operation Kalmyk">Operation Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rubicon_(police_investigation)" title="Operation Rubicon (police investigation)">Operation Rubicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tuleta" title="Operation Tuleta">Operation Tuleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weeting" title="Operation Weeting">Operation Weeting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Coulson,_Brooks_and_others" title="R v Coulson, Brooks and others">R v Coulson, Brooks and others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dial_M_for_Murdoch" title="Dial M for Murdoch">Dial M for Murdoch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_(play)" title="Great Britain (play)">Great Britain</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Standards_Trust#Hacked_Off" title="Media Standards Trust">Hacked Off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Glade" title="Operation Glade">Operation Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Motorman_(ICO_investigation)" title="Operation Motorman (ICO investigation)">Operation Motorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_hacking" title="Phone hacking">Phone hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phreaking" title="Phreaking">Phreaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politico-media_complex" title="Politico-media complex">Politico-media complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_Investigatory_Powers_Act_2000" title="Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000">Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">Social engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span 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