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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon 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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地情形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地情形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>各地情形</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地情形-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地情形子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地情形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-華人地區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#華人地區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>華人地區</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-華人地區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鮮半島" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮半島"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>朝鮮半島</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮半島-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>英國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-財政部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#財政部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>財政部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-財政部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-內閣重臣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#內閣重臣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>內閣重臣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-內閣重臣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>法國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-德國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#德國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>德國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-德國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳大利亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳大利亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>澳大利亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳大利亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">部長</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。83种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AD" title="ሚኒስትር – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሚኒስትር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="وزير – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="وزير – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وزير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministru" title="Ministru – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ministru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazir_(h%C3%B6kum%C9%99t)" title="Nazir (hökumət) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nazir (hökumət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministros" title="Ministros – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ministros" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Міністр – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міністр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Міністар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міністар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Министър – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="মন্ত্রী – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন্ত্রী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministar" title="Ministar – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ministar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministre" title="Ministre – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ministre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministr" title="Ministr – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ministr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Υπουργός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπουργός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Minister (government)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ministro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ministro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ministro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA)" title="وزیر (دولت) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزیر (دولت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministeri" title="Ministeri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ministeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministre" title="Ministre – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ministre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aire_rialtais" title="Aire rialtais – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aire rialtais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro_(goberno)" title="Ministro (goberno) – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ministro (goberno)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="કેબિનેટ મંત્રી – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેબિનેટ મંત્રી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="שר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मंत्री – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंत्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministar" title="Ministar – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ministar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniszter" title="Miniszter – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miniszter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri" title="Menteri – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menteri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ministro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1%C3%B0herra" title="Ráðherra – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ráðherra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ministro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="大臣 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大臣" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentri_departemen" title="Mentri departemen – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mentri departemen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მინისტრი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მინისტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantori" title="Mantori – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mantori" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮಂತ್ರಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಂತ್ರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EA%B4%80" title="장관 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Министр – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Министр" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Министр – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Министр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minisele" title="Minisele – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Minisele" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministras" title="Ministras – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ministras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministrs" title="Ministrs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ministrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minita_o_te_Karauna" title="Minita o te Karauna – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Minita o te Karauna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Министер – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Министер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Сайд – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сайд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)" title="मंत्री (सरकार) – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मंत्री (सरकार)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri" title="Menteri – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Menteri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဝန်ကြီး – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝန်ကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministre" title="Ministre – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ministre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="وزیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وزیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA)" title="وزير (حکومت) – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وزير (حکومت)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ministro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministru" title="Ministru – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ministru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Министр – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Министр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meenister_(govrenment)" title="Meenister (govrenment) – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Meenister (govrenment)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministar" title="Ministar – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ministar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Minister (government)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Министар – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Министар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister" title="Minister – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Minister" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waziri" title="Waziri – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waziri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அமைச்சர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமைச்சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_(%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82)" title="మంత్రి (ప్రభుత్వం) – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మంత్రి (ప్రభుత్వం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вазир – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вазир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐมนตรี – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐมนตรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakan" title="Bakan – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Міністр – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міністр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA)" title="وزیر (حکومت) – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وزیر (حکومت)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Bộ trưởng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ trưởng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="部长 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="部长" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&oldid=84653805" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&id=84653805&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2583%25A8%25E9%2595%25B7"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_ministers" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83307" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-cd7d5f77" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="大臣">大臣</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-cd7d5f77" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Entertainer"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="PoliticiansUK"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="UK Places"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:澳大利亚;zh-hk:澳洲;zh:澳大利亞"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hk:澳洲聯邦;zh:澳大利亞聯邦"></div></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>关于英联邦王国的部长，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7_(%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B)" title="部長 (英聯邦王國)">部長 (英聯邦王國)</a></b>」。</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" 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a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:14.0em;font-size: 10pt"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Category:政治">政治系列</a>的一部份</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;font-size: 12pt"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="行政机构">行政機構</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="最高領導人">最高領導人</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9F%E5%A4%A7%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" class="mw-disambig" title="伟大领袖">偉大領袖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" class="mw-disambig" title="人民领袖">人民領袖</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="國家元首">國家元首</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="虚位元首">虚位元首</a></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統">總統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="国家主席">国家主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9C%98%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="主席團主席">主席团主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="国务委员会主席">国务委员会主席</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="總統委員會主席（页面不存在）">總統委員會主席</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a></b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="总理">总理</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" class="mw-disambig" title="国务总理">国务总理</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="总理">首相</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="內閣總理大臣 (消歧義)">總理大臣</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="部长会议主席">部长会议主席</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" title="首席部長">首席部長</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3" title="总督">总督</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政府主席（页面不存在）">政府主席</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E8%B5%84%E6%94%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="国务资政">国务资政</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="國務大臣">國務大臣</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="內閣">內閣</a></b>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8" title="部">部</a></b>）</li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E8%B2%A0%E8%B2%AC%E5%88%B6" title="集體負責制">集體負責制</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">部長</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">大臣</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%BF_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国务卿 (行政部门)（页面不存在）">國務卿</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF" title="政府部门首长">政府部门首长</a></b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="司長">司长</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%B2%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="署长（页面不存在）">署长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="局長">局長</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%85%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厅长（页面不存在）">厅长</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行長（页面不存在）">行長</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A9%E8%A8%88%E9%95%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="審計長">审计长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%BB" title="主任">主任</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="專員">專員</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="高級專員">高級專員</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AE%A4%E4%B8%BB%E7%AE%A1" title="科室主管">科室主管</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF" title="地方行政首长">地方行政首长</a></b><br /><small>（一级行政区）</small></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E9%95%BF_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)" title="省长 (中国)">省长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E9%95%BF_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)" title="省长 (中国)">省主席</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF" title="政区首长">州长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E4%BA%8B" title="知事">知事</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="自治区主席">自治区主席</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大区主席（页面不存在）">大区主席</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="行政長官列表">行政長官</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><small>（其它）</small></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF" title="市长">市长</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟长（页面不存在）">盟长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E8%A1%8C%E7%BD%B2%E4%B8%93%E5%91%98" class="mw-redirect" title="地区行署专员">地区行署专员</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E9%95%BF" title="区长">区长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E9%95%BF" title="县长">县长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E9%95%BF" title="旗长">旗长</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E9%95%BF" title="乡长">乡长（镇长、苏木达）</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%98" title="治安官">治安官</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="委员长">委员长</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 政党</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="政党领袖">政党领袖</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E5%A7%94%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="黨委書記">黨委書記</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="政党领袖">黨主席</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="總書記">總書記</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="總書記">第一書記</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E8%81%8C%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专职书记（页面不存在）">专职书记</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E5%A4%84%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="书记处书记（页面不存在）">书记处书记</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="責任書記（页面不存在）">責任書記</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 政體設計</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半总统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a> <span style="font-size:smaller;">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%88%B6" title="西敏制">西敏制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇維埃">蘇維埃</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC" title="集体领导">集体领导</a> <span style="font-size:smaller;">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="委員會制">委員會制</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E5%88%B6" title="一党制">一党制</a><span style="font-size:smaller;">（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E4%BC%98%E5%8A%BF%E5%88%B6" title="一党优势制">一党优势制</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81" title="軍事獨裁">軍事獨裁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="二元制君主立宪制">二元制君主立宪制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="君主專制">君主專制</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 政府類型</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="臨時政府">臨時政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="流亡政府">流亡政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="看守政府">看守政府</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 列表</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国领导人列表">各国领导人列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國執政黨列表">各國執政黨列表</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主題</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80" title="Template:行政部門"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80" title="Template talk:行政部門"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:行政部門"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>部長</b>，是一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8" title="部">部</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF" title="政府部门首长">行政首長</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="企業">企業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E5%9C%98" class="mw-disambig" title="社團">社團</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="政黨">政黨</a>等下屬的「部」大多都會任命「部長」；本條目專述政府中的部長。 </p><p>可以是政府（特指<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中央政府">中央政府</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯邦政府">聯邦政府</a>）中部門的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF" title="政府部门首长">行政首長</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="政府首腦">政府首腦</a>之下負責特定範疇工作，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="生态环境">環境</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="財政">財政</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>等，負擔起政府運作的重責大任。由於在實行<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="地區">地區</a>，部長是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="內閣">內閣</a>的構成成員，故又稱為<b>閣員</b>或<b>閣臣</b>；如國家體制為<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a>，則通常稱為<b>大臣</b>。 </p><p>其副手通稱「<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="副部長">副部長</a>」（<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="副大臣">副大臣</a>）或「<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%95%BF" title="次长">次长</a>」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="次官">次官</a>），通常可分為兩種：<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%98" title="政务官">政治任命</a>的「政務次長」和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%98" title="事务官">文官性質</a>的「常務次長」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概論"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.AB.96"></span>概論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「部長」、「大臣」在英語的對應<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="詞語">字彙</a>為「<span lang="en">Minister</span>」或「<span lang="en">Secretary</span>」，皆用來指稱中央政府部門的首長，此外还有多种职衔。因而<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>國家便分別將「Minister」及「Secretary」引用至中央政府部門的首長的稱銜中，并加以區分等級，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="英国内阁">英国内阁</a>即是一例。而在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>國家則多在二者擇其一，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="美國聯邦政府">美國聯邦政府</a>便是代表。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">美国总统</a>之下的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8" title="美国联邦行政部门">联邦行政部门</a>主管中，“Secretary of State”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%BF" title="美国国务卿">国务卿</a>、“Secretary of the Treasury”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="美国财政部长">财政部长</a>，“Secretary of Defense”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="美国国防部长">国防部长</a>。除“Secretary”命名的职位外，“Attorney-General”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" title="美國司法部長">司法部长</a>，“Postmaster General”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E7%BD%B2%E9%95%BF" title="美国邮政署长">邮政管理局长</a><sup id="cite_ref-aa1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:62</sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="英国内阁">英国内阁</a>首脑——“Prime Minister”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="英国首相">首相</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)" title="内阁大臣 (英国)">内阁大臣</a>中，“Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="英国外交大臣">外交大臣</a>，“Lord President of the Council”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E5%AF%86%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="樞密院議長">枢密院大臣</a>，“Lord Chancellor”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="大法官 (英國)">大法官</a>，“Secretary of State for the Home Department and Minister for Welsh Affairs”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="內政大臣 (英國)">内政和威尔士事务大臣</a>，“Chancellor of the Exchequer”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="財政大臣 (英國)">财政大臣</a>，“Minister of Education”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="教育大臣">教育大臣</a>，“President of the Board of Trade”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%B1%80%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="貿易局主席">贸易大臣</a>。非内阁阁员的政府部门首长中，亦多以翻译为大臣，或总长。如“First Lord of the Admiralty”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="海軍大臣 (英國)">海军大臣</a>，“Secretary of State for war”翻译为<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="陸軍大臣 (英國)">陆军大臣</a>，“Minister of Works”翻译为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国工程大臣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国工程大臣（页面不存在）">工程大臣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Works_(United_Kingdom)" class="extiw" title="en:Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)</span></a></span>）</span></span>，“Paymaster General”翻译为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国主计大臣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paymaster General"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E8%AE%A1%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国主计大臣（页面不存在）">主计大臣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paymaster_General" class="extiw" title="en:Paymaster General"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paymaster General</span></a></span>）</span></span>，“Attorney-General”翻译为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="检察总长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attorney general"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="檢察總長">检察总长</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_general" class="extiw" title="en:Attorney general"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attorney general</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-aa1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:61—62</sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>國家，部長通常由總統任命，並經由國會通過；在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>地區，部長通常由立法部門按政黨議席多寡分配。 </p><p>現代各國常見的部長職位類別有：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="外交部长">外交部長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="國防部長">國防部長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="财政部长">財政部長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="內政部長">內政部長</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地情形"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E6.83.85.E5.BD.A2"></span>各地情形</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：各地情形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="華人地區"><span id=".E8.8F.AF.E4.BA.BA.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80"></span>華人地區</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：華人地區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%BA" title="九寺">九寺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8" title="六部">六部</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="大清帝国内阁列表">大清帝國內閣列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國政府">中華民國政府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華人民共和國政府">中華人民共和國政府</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%A7%94%E4%BB%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="香港政治委任制度">香港政治委任制度</a></div> <p>秦漢建立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%BA" title="九寺">九寺</a>類似於現代政府的各部，到魏晉時地位下降，其權力逐漸被<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8" title="六部">六部</a>制度取代，但此後歷代在形式上一直保留九寺機構，作為虛職。九寺長官稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%BF" title="九卿">九卿</a>，原本各有專名（如太常、大鴻臚、光祿勳），<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="梁武帝">梁武帝</a>將其官名統一為「某某卿」（如太常卿、鴻臚卿、光祿卿）；唐朝以後稱某某寺卿（如太常寺卿、鴻臚寺卿、光祿寺卿），沿用到清代。 </p><p>自隋唐至清，中國歷代朝廷都實行<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8" title="六部">六部</a>制度，一部之長稱為<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6_(%E5%AE%98%E8%81%8C)" title="尚书 (官职)">尚書</a></b>，副長官稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8D%E9%83%8E" title="侍郎">侍郎</a>。 </p><p>清代一些官署的長官稱大臣，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80" title="總理各國事務衙門">總理各國事務衙門</a>有總理各國事務衙門大臣；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF" title="清末新政">清末新政</a>中成立了一些新部，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%83%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="學部 (清朝)">學部</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8" title="法部">法部</a>等，長官、副長官仍稱尚書、侍郎。 </p><p>宣統三年（1911年），清朝組建現代化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="大清帝国内阁列表">責任內閣</a>，各部尚書、侍郎統一改稱大臣、副大臣，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%83%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="學部 (清朝)">學部</a>有學務大臣、學務副大臣，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8" title="法部">法部</a>有司法大臣、司法副大臣；內閣閣揆為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>建國初期，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2" title="中华民国国务院">國務院</a>之下置各部，其長官、副長官稱<b>總長</b>、<b>次長</b>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>統一中國後，中央政府各部門首長始統稱為「部長」，而與部同級的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-disambig" title="委員會">委員會</a>之首長則稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E9%95%B7" title="委員長">委員長</a>」。現在的中華民國採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">雙首長制</a>，國家最高行政機關是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="行政院">行政院</a>，其首長為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="行政院院長">行政院院長</a>，職能等同於其他國家的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="首相">首相</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="總理">總理</a>，英譯為「Premier」，由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="中華民國總統">總統</a>直接任命；行政院的副首長則為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E5%89%AF%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="行政院副院長">行政院副院長</a>，職能等同於其他國家的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="副首相">副首相</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" title="副總理">副總理</a>，英譯為「Vice Premier」，由行政院院長提請總統任命。<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>依照最新版本的《行政院組織法》，行政院底下設立14部、9會、3獨立機關、1行、1院、2總處，各機關首長皆由行政院院長提請總統任命。其中，各部的首長稱為<b>部長</b>（Minister），而副首長有2人，一個為<b>政務次長</b>（Deputy Minister) ，另一個為<b>常務次長</b>（Vice Minister）。若機關之名銜以「委員會」結尾，則其首長稱<b>主任委員</b>，副首長則有2到3人，稱為<b>副主任委員</b>。另<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="中華民國中央銀行">中央銀行</a>亦屬行政院轄下之獨立機關，其首長職稱為<b>總裁</b>；另有2人擔任副首長，稱<b>副總裁</b>。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>各部的负责人沿用“部长”之称；与部同级的委员会，负责人一般称“主任”。每部（委员会）另设多名协助部长（主任）处理该部下辖各领域业务的副部长（副主任），且通常会设置一名常务副部长（常务副主任）在部长（主任）不在时代替主持该部工作（按照中华人民共和国政治惯例，有时不使用“常务”一词，而是用“主持日常工作的”这一委婉表述描述该职位）。 </p><p>日本扶植的傀儡政權<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2" title="滿洲國國務院">滿洲國</a>亦設部，部門首長、副首長稱總長、次長；1934年滿洲國改行帝制，稱滿洲帝國，國務總理改稱國務總理大臣，各部總長改稱大臣，次長則仍稱次長。 </p><p>而在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%A7%94%E4%BB%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="香港政治委任制度">局長</a>最接近對應英國內閣大臣職位，亦即大約相當於他國部長職級。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8" title="司">司長</a>則大概對應英國內閣重臣。然香港無論殖民地時期或特區時期均非中央機關單位，敬請留意。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="朝鮮半島"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E5.8D.8A.E5.B3.B6"></span>朝鮮半島</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：朝鮮半島"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>受中國文化影響，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="高麗王朝">高麗王朝</a>設置六部，以尚書為長官；高麗<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="忠烈王">忠烈王</a>時，六部改為四司，尚書改稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E6%9B%B8" title="判書">判書</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮王朝">朝鮮王朝</a>沿用判書之稱，為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%B9" title="一府六曹">六曹</a>長官；<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%9B%B4%E5%BC%A0" title="甲午更张">甲午更張</a>時，六曹改組為內務、外務、度支（財務）、軍務、法務、學務、工務、農商務八衙門。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國">大韓帝國</a>各部的首長稱大臣。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="大韩民国政府">大韓民國政府</a>各部的部長和次長，分別為「長官」和「次官」。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府</a>模仿日本制度，部稱為「省」，省的長官稱「<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="相">相</a>」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a>時代設有「大臣」，為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98" title="太政官">太政官</a>體系中的高階官員，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="太政大臣">太政大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="左大臣">左大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="右大臣">右大臣</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%98%E5%85%AB%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="二官八省">八省</a>（相當於唐朝的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8" title="六部">六部</a>。現代日本政府的省沿襲此名，也相當於現代漢語所說的部）長官則稱為「卿」，如民部卿、式部卿等；各省卿有大輔、少輔等官輔佐。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="明治維新">明治維新</a>初年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="太政官制">太政官制</a>下，各<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="日本行政機關">省</a>長官稱卿，包括新設的省。如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="農商務省">農商務省</a>有農商務卿，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B%E7%9C%81" title="陆军省">陸軍省</a>有陸軍卿；副長官稱大輔。 </p><p>1885年（明治18年），日本廢止太政官，實施<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="日本內閣">內閣</a>制度，「大臣」轉變成為現今的意義，即對<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="日本行政機關">中央行政機關</a>首長的稱呼（其正式名稱為<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國務大臣 (日本)">國務大臣</a></b>），如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="內閣總理大臣 (日本)">內閣總理大臣</a>，各省卿亦改稱大臣。現在有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="外務大臣 (日本)">外務大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="文部科學大臣">文部科學大臣</a>等，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E5%BA%9C%E7%89%B9%E5%91%BD%E6%93%94%E7%95%B6%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣府特命擔當大臣">各類事務擔當大臣</a>。此外，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="明治憲法">明治憲法</a>實施期間，還有為服務<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" title="日本皇室">皇室</a>而設、不屬內閣成員的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E5%BA%9C" title="內大臣府">內大臣</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E5%86%85%E7%9C%81" title="宫内省">宮內大臣</a>。 </p><p>日本的大臣常簡稱為「相」（因唐代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9C%81" title="三省">三省</a>長官都可尊稱為「相」；日本的「省」與三省職能不同，更接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8" title="六部">六部</a>，但近現代模仿其稱呼），如總理大臣稱首相，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%9C%81" title="大藏省">大藏大臣</a>（現已廢止，改為財務大臣）稱藏相、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="財務大臣">財務大臣</a>稱<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="財務相">財務相</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%9C%81" title="防衛省">防衛大臣</a>稱防衛相等。 </p><p>日本的國務大臣雖然與英國的國務大臣同樣譯作「Minister of State for something」，但前者具有內閣閣員身分，職級也等同於部長，後者則非。在日語中，常將英國的國務大臣譯作「某事務擔當大臣」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英國"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9C.8B"></span>英國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：英國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 18em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">英國政府<br />政務官職位</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the British Government"><img alt="Arms of the British Government" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/225px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/300px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the British Government</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="英国首相">首相</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%89%AF%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="英國副首相">副首相</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="首席大臣">首席大臣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)" title="内阁大臣 (英国)">內閣大臣</a>（部長級）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="國務大臣 (英國)">國務大臣</a>（副部長級）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="政務次官">政务次官</a>（助理部長級）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政務私人秘書" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parliamentary Private Secretary"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政務私人秘書（页面不存在）">政務私人秘書</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary" class="extiw" title="en:Parliamentary Private Secretary"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parliamentary Private Secretary</span></a></span>）</span></span>（部長助理）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="大法官 (英國)">大法官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="下議院領袖">下議院領袖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="上議院領袖">上議院領袖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E9%BB%A8%E9%9E%AD_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="首席黨鞭 (英國)">黨鞭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%BE%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="官方律政專員">官方律政專員</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Uk-gov-positions" title="Template:Uk-gov-positions"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Uk-gov-positions" title="Template talk:Uk-gov-positions"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Uk-gov-positions" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Uk-gov-positions"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>，對應他國部長職級的是「<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)" title="内阁大臣 (英国)">大臣</a>」，大臣之下另設負責特定事務的副部長級官員，稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="國務大臣 (英國)">國務大臣</a>」（<span lang="en">Minister of State</span>）。 </p><p>當稱呼內閣部門主官時，用「Secretary of State」（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)" title="内阁大臣 (英国)">內閣大臣</a>），正式稱銜為「<span lang="en">Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for X</span>」（中文：掌管某事務之國王陛下主任大臣），其中“X”是對應政府某部的責任範圍，例如“外交”、“内政”等。例如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%81%89%E6%9E%97" title="夏偉林">夏偉林</a>為前英國外交及聯邦事務大臣，其英文稱銜全稱為「<span lang="en">Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs</span>」（掌管外交及聯邦事務之國王陛下首席大臣），簡稱“<span lang="en">Foreign Secretary</span>”，即“外交大臣”、“外相”。 </p><p>內閣大臣之下、在所屬部會中分管具體事務的官員，稱爲“<span lang="en">Minister of State</span>”（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="國務大臣 (英國)">國務大臣</a>）。该职务级别低於內閣大臣，並不屬於閣員(个别特命入阁者除外)，其責任範圍不對應政府某部，而是某部所轄的一部分事務，或部級機構下轄的會委。其正式稱銜為「<span lang="en">Minister of State for X</span>」（中文：某事務國務大臣），「X」對應該職務分管的具體事務。例如：尼克·赫伯特（Nick Herbert）為英國內政部的前警務及刑事司法國務大臣，則其英文稱銜為「<span lang="en">Minister of State for Police and Criminal Justice</span>」，通常簡稱“Police Minister”，即“警務大臣”、“警務相”。该职并非所有部门皆得设置，如环境、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰、文化、脱欧等部即无此职。 </p><p>国务大臣之下，有“Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for X”（某事务<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="政務次官">政務次官</a>）一级职务，在英语中也泛称为大臣，为各部普遍设置之资浅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="國會議員 (英國)">國會議員</a>，负责辅佐各部主管大臣处理某具体政务。 </p><p>内閣大臣的設置相對穩定，除非政府部門有增減，一般每屆政府任命的内閣大臣基本一致，而國務大臣和政務次官的設置則隨著政務需要和首相意愿不時增減分併。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="財政部"><span id=".E8.B2.A1.E6.94.BF.E9.83.A8"></span>財政部</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：財政部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基於歷史原因，英國財政部（HM Treasury）之正副首長的頭銜不是“内閣大臣”、“國務大臣”等。財政部的責任政務官由專員委員會行使，此委員會的首席專員是“<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="財政部第一大臣">財政部第一大臣</a>”（First Lord of the Treasury），依照慣例擔任<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英國首相">首相</a>，而第二專員是“財政部第二大臣”（Second Lord of the Treasury），兼任「Chancellor of the Exchequer」（通譯<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="財政大臣 (英國)">財政大臣</a>）。 </p><p>由於近代首相需要總管政府各部事務，因此財政部的實際負責官員是財政大臣。爲了分擔財政大臣的職權，近代又設置了也具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="閣臣">閣臣</a>身份的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8" title="財政部首席秘書">財政部首席秘書</a>（Chief Secretary to the Treasury）作爲副手。于兩者之下，還有具體分管<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8" title="財政部金融事務秘書">金融事務</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8" title="財政部經濟事務秘書">經濟事務</a>及國庫事務的次長，則分別稱為「Financial/Economic/Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="內閣重臣"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E9.96.A3.E9.87.8D.E8.87.A3"></span>內閣重臣</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：內閣重臣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>首相、財政大臣、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%8A%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="外交及聯邦事務大臣">外交大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="內政大臣">内政大臣</a>四個官位合稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E9%87%8D%E8%87%A3" title="內閣重臣">內閣重臣</a>，是近代英國政府最重要的四個官職。此外，還有“首席内閣大臣”（First Secretary of State）的官職，是名義上的各大臣之首，但不是內閣重臣之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法國"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B"></span>法國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：法國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與英國相反，法國將「Ministre」作為部門主官的稱銜（資深者可加‘Ministres d'État’國務部長之榮銜），例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="法国国防部">法國國防暨退伍軍人事務部長</a>的正式稱銜為「Ministre d'État, ministre de la Défense et des Anciens combattants」。<br /> 當稱呼部門分管具體事務的副手時，使用「Secrétaires d'État」（中文：國務秘書）。例如：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多米尼克·布斯洛（页面不存在）">多米尼克·布斯洛</a>（Dominique Bussereau）為法國交通事務國務秘書，則其則其法語稱銜為「Secrétaire d'État chargé des Transports」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="德國"><span id=".E5.BE.B7.E5.9C.8B"></span>德國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：德國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>，一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="德國聯邦政府">德國聯邦政府</a>部門可同時設有「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聯邦部長 (德國)" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Bundesminister (Deutschland)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯邦部長 (德國)（页面不存在）">聯邦部長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesminister_(Deutschland)" class="extiw" title="de:Bundesminister (Deutschland)"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Bundesminister (Deutschland)</span></a></span>）</span></span>」（<span lang="de">Bundesminister</span>）及「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國務部長 (德國)" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Staatsminister (Deutschland)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國務部長 (德國)（页面不存在）">國務部長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsminister_(Deutschland)" class="extiw" title="de:Staatsminister (Deutschland)"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Staatsminister (Deutschland)</span></a></span>）</span></span>」（<span lang="de">Staatsminister</span>）兩種官職。聯邦部長是部門的首長，依據《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="德國基本法">德國基本法</a>》第64條，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="德国总统">總統</a>按照<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="德國總理">總理</a>的提議任命<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而國務部長則在聯邦部門裡擔當特定任務，依據《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國會國務秘書法律關係法" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Gesetz über die Rechtsverhältnisse der Parlamentarischen Staatssekretäre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國會國務秘書法律關係法（页面不存在）">國會國務秘書法律關係法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesetz_%C3%BCber_die_Rechtsverh%C3%A4ltnisse_der_Parlamentarischen_Staatssekret%C3%A4re" class="extiw" title="de:Gesetz über die Rechtsverhältnisse der Parlamentarischen Staatssekretäre"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Gesetz über die Rechtsverhältnisse der Parlamentarischen Staatssekretäre</span></a></span>）</span></span>》第8條規範，當總理與特定部門的聯邦部長達成協議後，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國會國務秘書" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國會國務秘書（页面不存在）">國會國務秘書</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarischer_Staatssekret%C3%A4r" class="extiw" title="de:Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär</span></a></span>）</span></span>可以在總統授權下使用「國務部長」之職銜進入該部門服務，直至其於該部任職期滿<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>國家，內閣（the Cabinet）閣員由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國總統">美國總統</a>任命，並經由國會通過。各部部長之稱銜使用「Secretary」，正式稱銜為「Secretary of something」。惟<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" title="美國司法部長">美國司法部長</a>之銜稱為「Attorney General」。 </p><p>在華語圈，掌管<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國務院">美國國務院</a>的部長級官員一般譯為「<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%BF" title="美国国务卿">國務卿</a>」，其他部的主官一般譯為「部長」<br /> 部門副主官則在稱銜前加「Deputy」一字，例如美國副國務卿（國務部副部長）的正式稱銜為「Deputy Secretary of State」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="澳大利亞"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.A9.E4.BA.9E"></span>澳大利亞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：澳大利亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚联邦政府">澳大利亞聯邦政府</a>的“部長”稱爲“Minister”，自從50年代實行雙層内閣制度開始，政府部長分爲資深的“内閣部長”職位和其他部長職位。内閣部長參加<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="澳大利亚内阁">内閣</a>會議，各内閣部長分別對應政府各部，而其他部長的職責是協助内閣部長，或分管内閣部長責任範圍内的某一方面。非内閣閣員的其他部長也稱爲“外閣”（Outer Ministry）。内閣部長、其他部長以及級別更低的政務次長（Parliamentary secretary）共同構成執政政府，並參加<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="联邦行政会议">聯邦行政會議</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">上述英文譯名參考行政院英文版網站。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aa1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aa1_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aa1_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">尹继友. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqvip.com/qk/80965a/199210/89899083495757504948485157.html">《英美政府首长名称一览》</a>. 语文教育 (辽宁省大连市: 大连外国语大学). 1992, (1992年第10期): 61—62. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2095-4891"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2095-4891</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%88%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E5%B0%B9%E7%BB%A7%E5%8F%8B&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2095-4891&rft.issue=1992%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC10%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&rft.pages=61%E2%80%9462&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqvip.com%2Fqk%2F80965a%2F199210%2F89899083495757504948485157.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/https%3a%2f%2fen.mofa.gov.tw%2fcl.aspx%3fn%3d1280%26Create%3d1">Principal Officers</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&rft.atitle=Principal+Officers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.mofa.gov.tw%2Fhttps%253a%252f%252fen.mofa.gov.tw%252fcl.aspx%253fn%253d1280%2526Create%253d1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundestag.de/parlament/aufgaben/rechtsgrundlagen/grundgesetz/gg_06-245136">VI. Die Bundesregierung</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="德國國會">Deutscher Bundestag</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190930144219/https://www.bundestag.de/parlament/aufgaben/rechtsgrundlagen/grundgesetz/gg_06-245136">存档</a>于2019-09-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&rft.btitle=VI.+Die+Bundesregierung&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Deutscher+Bundestag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundestag.de%2Fparlament%2Faufgaben%2Frechtsgrundlagen%2Fgrundgesetz%2Fgg_06-245136&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/parlstg_1974/__8.html">Gesetz über die Rechtsverhältnisse der Parlamentarischen Staatssekretäre (ParlStG) § 8</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%8A%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="德國聯邦司法及消費者保護部">Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190410072727/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/parlstg_1974/__8.html">存档</a>于2019-04-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&rft.btitle=Gesetz+%C3%BCber+die+Rechtsverh%C3%A4ltnisse+der+Parlamentarischen+Staatssekret%C3%A4re+%28ParlStG%29+%C2%A7+8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bundesministerium+der+Justiz+und+f%C3%BCr+Verbraucherschutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fparlstg_1974%2F__8.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%AE%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="不管部长">不管部长</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img 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