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Canada</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Canada"> <meta name="keywords" content="Canada"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Canada"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 477</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Canada</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> The Role of the State in Creating a Cosmopolitan Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Staring">Scott Staring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper critically examines the claim that Canada represents a uniquely ‘postnational’ model of political existence. Canadian political thinkers and politicians alike have played a role in casting their country as the vanguard of an order wherein national sovereignty is gradually being eclipsed, while political authority is increasingly integrated at the international level. Proponents of this view frequently cite as evidence Canada’s high number of foreign-born citizens, its official policy of multiculturalism, its ready embrace of international institutions, and its enthusiasm for international trade deals like NAFTA, CETA and the TPP. This paper builds on historical research to show that the postnationalist thesis has precedents in a Whig-inspired view of Canada that has long challenged the role of a strong central state in the country. An alternative portrait of Canada will be put forward, one that contests both the historical evidence for the Whig view as well as its theoretical presuppositions. The claim will be made that Canada’s celebrated diversity and openness is not the product of a nation-state in retreat; instead, it is largely the product of a strong and sovereign state that has intervened to create a sense of a shared concern amongst its citizens. Canada does indeed offer the world a model of cosmopolitanism, but it is a model that is rooted in the nation-state rather than its eclipse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmopolitanism" title=" cosmopolitanism"> cosmopolitanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postnationalism" title=" postnationalism"> postnationalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statism" title=" statism"> statism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72908/the-role-of-the-state-in-creating-a-cosmopolitan-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> A Semantical Investigation on Physician Assisted Suicide in Canada between 1993 and 2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabrielle%20Pilliat">Gabrielle Pilliat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Supreme Court of Canada rendered unconstitutional the sections of the Canadian Criminal Code which prohibited the Physician-assisted suicide in February 2015. However, in 1993, the same Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Physician-assisted suicide should remain absolutely prohibited. In the light of these historical facts, we will explore how the Supreme Court of Canada was able to make two different decisions 20 years apart. To understand how Canada could rule so differently between 1993 and 2015 about Physician-assisted suicide, we will analyze the content of the Supreme Court of Canada decisions’ discourse of 1993 and of 2015. Our preliminary results indicate that A) the patient autonomy (or the personal choice) has taken over the idea of the preservation of life (or the sacred character of life) in 2015. B) That between 1993 and 2015, the physician is seen differently by the Judges; like an abusive murderer in 1993 and like an objective evaluator in 2015. C) That the patient is seen as a victim in 1993 and more like a hero in 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physician-assisted%20suicide" title="physician-assisted suicide">physician-assisted suicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20autonomy" title=" patient autonomy"> patient autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice" title=" choice"> choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacred%20character%20of%20life" title=" sacred character of life"> sacred character of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dignity" title=" dignity"> dignity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51494/a-semantical-investigation-on-physician-assisted-suicide-in-canada-between-1993-and-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> Adaptation Experience of Russian-Speaking Immigrants in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uliana%20Morozovskaia">Uliana Morozovskaia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immigrants in any country undergo an acculturation process which, in other words, means adaptation to other cultures. It can be divided into four strategies: integration (when an immigrant support home and host culture and language), assimilation (supporting only host culture and language), separation (supporting only home culture and language), and marginalization (an immigrant has no interest in supporting none of the cultures or languages). Canada has experienced a rise in the number of Russian speakers who are immigrating to Canada in the last couple of years. Although there are some studies on Russian-speaking immigrants, a small percentage of them have been focusing on their immigration experience in Canada. This is why the present study aimed to analyze the acculturation experience that Russian-speaking immigrants have when they move to Canada. One hundred participants have been surveyed on SurveyMonkey. They have been asked to share their life experience and opinion about their adaptation process, self-identity in terms of language use and cultural feelings, language preferences, and others. The results showed that Russian-speaking immigrants can successfully adapt to Canadian culture and society, and many of them feel at home being in their host country. Interestingly, such feelings have appeared after they spent some years in Canada. The study also found out that after the immigration, participants were more likely to focus on Canada’s official languages (English and/or French). However, when they became comfortable with the lifestyle and the language, they switched their attention to Russian language maintenance and home culture preservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acculturation" title="acculturation">acculturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian-speaking%20immigrants" title=" Russian-speaking immigrants"> Russian-speaking immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title=" immigration"> immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mother%20tongue%20preservation" title=" mother tongue preservation"> mother tongue preservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150470/adaptation-experience-of-russian-speaking-immigrants-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> The Role of Official Languages and Language Training Policy in Adult Immigrant Integration in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lillie%20Lum">Lillie Lum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Focusing on the role of official language in immigrant integration, this paper will first report the results of a literature review and demonstrate that there is no doubt on the necessity of adequate language skills for newcomers to successfully settle, adapt, and integrate socially, culturally and economically in Canada. This paper attempts to synthesize the literature in order to shed light on the language policy terrain which is not easy to navigate. Then, by outlining what is currently available in the language policy environment, it will ask if the current state of language training in Canada is adequate to assist newcomers in their language acquisition process. At a deeper level, it aims to continue to raise questions in this policy area. Are current policy responses likely to improve linguistic capabilities in the future, particularly for immigrant workers with poor language proficiency? This paper is timely given the magnitude of the language issue and the value of immigrants for Canada’s economic, social, and political vitality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=official%20language%20education" title="official language education">official language education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrant%20integration%20into%20Canada" title=" immigrant integration into Canada"> immigrant integration into Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20factors" title=" economic factors"> economic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20implications" title=" policy implications"> policy implications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46455/the-role-of-official-languages-and-language-training-policy-in-adult-immigrant-integration-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Canada's "Flattened Curve": A Geospatail Temporal Analysis of Canada's Amelioration of The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic Through Coordinated Government Intervention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Ahluwalia">John Ahluwalia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an affluent first-world nation, Canada took swift and comprehensive action during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to other countries in the same socio-economic cohort. The United States has stumbled to overcome obstacles most developed nations have faced, which has led to significantly more per capita cases and deaths. The initial outbreaks of COVID-19 occurred in the US and Canada within days of each other and posed similar potentially catastrophic threats to public health, the economy, and governmental stability. On a macro level, events that take place in the US have a direct impact on Canada. For example, both countries tend to enter and exit economic recessions at approximately the same time, they are each other’s largest trading partners, and their currencies are inexorably linked. Variables intrinsic to Canada’s national infrastructure have been instrumental in the country’s efforts to flatten the curve of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Canada’s coordinated multi-level governmental effort has allowed it to create and enforce policies related to COVID-19 at both the national and provincial levels. Canada’s policy of universal health care is another variable. Health care and public health measures are enforced on a provincial level, and it is within each province’s jurisdiction to dictate standards for public safety based on scientific evidence. Rather than introducing confusion and the possibility of competition for resources such as PPE and vaccines, Canada’s multi-level chain of government authority has provided consistent policies supporting national public health and local delivery of medical care. This paper will demonstrate that the coordinated efforts on provincial and federal levels have been the linchpin in Canada’s relative success in containing the deadly spread of the COVID-19 virus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canada" title=" canada"> canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20analysis" title=" geospatial analysis"> geospatial analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137824/canadas-flattened-curve-a-geospatail-temporal-analysis-of-canadas-amelioration-of-the-sars-cov-2-pandemic-through-coordinated-government-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> Canada's "Flattened Curve": A Geospatial Temporal Analysis of Canada's Amelioration of the Sars-COV-2 Pandemic Through Coordinated Government Intervention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Ahluwalia">John Ahluwalia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an affluent first-world nation, Canada took swift and comprehensive action during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to other countries in the same socio-economic cohort. The United States has stumbled to overcome obstacles most developed nations have faced, which has led to significantly more per capita cases and deaths. The initial outbreaks of COVID-19 occurred in the US and Canada within days of each other and posed similar potentially catastrophic threats to public health, the economy, and governmental stability. On a macro level, events that take place in the US have a direct impact on Canada. For example, both countries tend to enter and exit economic recessions at approximately the same time, they are each other’s largest trading partners, and their currencies are inexorably linked. Why is it that Canada has not shared the same fate as the US (and many other nations) that have realized much worse outcomes relative to the COVID-19 pandemic? Variables intrinsic to Canada’s national infrastructure have been instrumental in the country’s efforts to flatten the curve of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Canada’s coordinated multi-level governmental effort has allowed it to create and enforce policies related to COVID-19 at both the national and provincial levels. Canada’s policy of universal healthcare is another variable. Health care and public health measures are enforced on a provincial level, and it is within each province’s jurisdiction to dictate standards for public safety based on scientific evidence. Rather than introducing confusion and the possibility of competition for resources such as PPE and vaccines, Canada’s multi-level chain of government authority has provided consistent policies supporting national public health and local delivery of medical care. This paper will demonstrate that the coordinated efforts on provincial and federal levels have been the linchpin in Canada’s relative success in containing the deadly spread of the COVID-19 virus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20analysis" title=" temporal analysis"> temporal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESRI" title=" ESRI"> ESRI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142603/canadas-flattened-curve-a-geospatial-temporal-analysis-of-canadas-amelioration-of-the-sars-cov-2-pandemic-through-coordinated-government-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">471</span> Development of a Comprehensive Energy Model for Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20B.%20Davis">Matthew B. Davis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar"> Amit Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With potentially dangerous impacts of climate change on the horizon, Canada has an opportunity to take a lead role on the international stage to demonstrate how energy use intensity and greenhouse gas emission intensity may be effectively reduced. Through bottom-up modelling of Canada’s energy sector using Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software, it can be determined where efforts should to be concentrated to produce the most positive energy management results. By analyzing a provincially integrated Canada, one can develop strategies to minimize the country’s economic downfall while transitioning to lower-emission energy technologies. Canada’s electricity sector plays an important role in accommodating these transitionary technologies as fossil-fuel based power production is prevalent in many parts of the country and is responsible for a large portion (17%) of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions. Current findings incorporate an in-depth model of Canada’s current energy supply and demand sectors, as well as a business-as-usual scenario up to the year 2035. This allows for in-depth analysis of energy flow from resource potential, to extraction, to fuel and electricity production, to energy end use and emissions in Canada’s residential, transportation, commercial, institutional, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Bottom-up modelling techniques such as these are useful to critically analyze and compare the various possible scenarios of implementing sustainable energy measures. This work can aid government in creating effective energy and environmental policies, as well as guide industry to what technology or process changes would be most worthwhile to pursue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title="energy management">energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEAP" title=" LEAP"> LEAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20end-use" title=" energy end-use"> energy end-use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42137/development-of-a-comprehensive-energy-model-for-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">470</span> Chinese Doctoral Students in Canada: The Influence of Financial Status and Cultural Cognition on Academic Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuefan%20Li">Xuefan Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parts of Chinese doctoral students in Canada are facing significant academic pressure. The factors contributing to such pressure are diverse, including financial conditions and cultural differences. Students from various academic disciplines have been interviewed to investigate the factors that Chinese students consider when selecting Canada as a destination for doctoral studies, as well as to identify the challenges they face during their academic pursuits and the associated factors influencing their performance. The findings indicate that their motivations to pursue doctoral study in Canada are concluded as both push and pull factors. Financial conditions and cultural differences are critical factors affecting academic performance, with disciplinary variations in the degree of influence observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20doctoral%20students" title="Chinese doctoral students">Chinese doctoral students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20status" title=" financial status"> financial status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20cognition" title=" cultural cognition"> cultural cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title=" academic performance"> academic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164053/chinese-doctoral-students-in-canada-the-influence-of-financial-status-and-cultural-cognition-on-academic-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">469</span> Importance of Health and Social Capital to Employment Status of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayet%20Hossain">Belayet Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Lamb"> Laura Lamb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates the importance of health and social capital in determining the labour force status of Canada’s Indigenous population using data from 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. An instrumental variable ordered probit model has been specified and estimated. The study finds that health status and social capital are important in determining Indigenous peoples’ employment status along with other factors. The results of the study imply that human resource development initiatives of Indigenous Peoples need to be broadened by including health status and social capital. Poor health and low degree of inclusion of the Indigenous Peoples need to be addressed in order to improve employment status of Canada’s Indigenous Peoples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour%20force" title="labour force">labour force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aboriginal%20people" title=" aboriginal people"> aboriginal people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68525/importance-of-health-and-social-capital-to-employment-status-of-indigenous-peoples-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">468</span> Perceptions and Experiences of Iranian Students of Human Dignity in Canada: A Phenomenological Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erfaneh%20Razavipour%20Naghani">Erfaneh Razavipour Naghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Kianpour"> Masoud Kianpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human dignity is a subjective concept indicating an inner feeling of worth which depends on one’s perceptions and life experiences. Yet the notion is also very much under the influence of societal and cultural factors. Scholars have identified human dignity as a context-based concept that lies at the intersection of culture, gender, religion, and individual characteristics. Migration may constitute an individual or collective strategy for people seeking to situations that bolster rather than undermine their human dignity. Through the use of a phenomenological method, this study will explore how Iranian students in Canada perceive human dignity through such values and characteristics as honor, respect, self-determination, self-worth, autonomy, freedom, love, and equality in Canada as compared to their perceptions of the same in Iran. In-depth interviewing will be used to collect data from Iranian students who have lived in Canada for at least two years. The aim is to discover which essential themes constitute participants’ understanding of human dignity and how this understanding compares to their pre-Canadian experience in Iran. We will use criterion sampling as our sampling method. This study will clarify how being exposed to a different culture can affect perceptions of human dignity among university students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20dignity" title=" human dignity"> human dignity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95609/perceptions-and-experiences-of-iranian-students-of-human-dignity-in-canada-a-phenomenological-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Disentangling Palliative Care and Euthanasia/Assisted Suicide in Dementia Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Joseph%20Passmore">Michael Joseph Passmore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Euthanasia, or assisted suicide (EAS), refers to the provision of medical assistance to individuals seeking to end their own lives. In Canada, the issue of EAS has been the subject of debate and legislative action for many years. In 2016, the Canadian government passed the Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) Act. This legalized EAS in Canada is subject to certain eligibility criteria. In 2023, debate in Canada continues regarding the scope of MAID practice and associated legislation. Dementia is an illness that causes suffering at the end of life. Persons suffering due to dementia deserve timely and effective palliative care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title="palliative care">palliative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurocognitive%20disorder" title=" neurocognitive disorder"> neurocognitive disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dementia" title=" dementia"> dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title=" Alzheimer’s disease"> Alzheimer’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euthanasia" title=" euthanasia"> euthanasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assisted%20suicide" title=" assisted suicide"> assisted suicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20ethics" title=" medical ethics"> medical ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title=" bioethics"> bioethics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162051/disentangling-palliative-care-and-euthanasiaassisted-suicide-in-dementia-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Reforming Corporate Criminal Liability in English Law: Lessons and Experiences from Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Kong%20Shan%20Ho">John Kong Shan Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In June 2022, the Law Commission of England and Wales published an options paper to examine how the law on corporate criminal liability can be reformed under the English system. The paper merely details options for reform and does not seek to make recommendations. However, the paper has ruled out the “respondeat superior” approach of the US and “corporate culture” approach of Australia as reform options. On balance, the preferred reform option of the Law Commission is the “senior officer” approach as currently adopted in Canada. This article is written against such background and argues that due to similarities between the English and Canadian systems, the latter’s approach is more ideal to be adopted by the former as a model for reform in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20criminal%20liability" title="corporate criminal liability">corporate criminal liability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification%20principle" title=" identification principle"> identification principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directing%20mind%20and%20will" title=" directing mind and will"> directing mind and will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=England" title=" England"> England</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153726/reforming-corporate-criminal-liability-in-english-law-lessons-and-experiences-from-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> LGBT+ Migrants: A Cultural and Legislative Comparison in Canada, Italy and Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Aceranti">Andreas Aceranti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simonetta%20Vernocchi"> Simonetta Vernocchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Brondoni"> Federica Brondoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Colorato"> Marco Colorato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Primatesta"> Marta Primatesta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study entitled “LGBT+ migrants: a cultural and legislative comparison in Canada, Italy and Egypt” suggests an analysis of the living conditions of migrants who are members of the LGBT+ community in Canada, Italy and Egypt. The acronym LGBT+ refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and all other gender identities and sexual orientations that do not fit into the male and female binary. This study aims at reflecting on the living conditions of LGBT+ migrants and the relatable difficulties they may face due to the culture and laws of their countries. Migratory flows were examined by providing a definition of "migrant" and the choices that drive a person to migrate elsewhere explained, followed by a focus on the recognition of refugee status related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Furthermore, we will deal with Canada, Italy and Egypt respectively, by analyzing for each country the history and rise of the LGBT+ community, the different laws and especially the migrants’ rights. Finally, the services and associations designed to provide a response to the needs of these people will be analyzed, highlighting the branches which nowadays operate in those areas and the importance of the cultural mediator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGBTQ%2B" title="LGBTQ+">LGBTQ+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants" title=" migrants"> migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20rights" title=" international rights"> international rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160307/lgbt-migrants-a-cultural-and-legislative-comparison-in-canada-italy-and-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> Oakes Test and Proportionality Test: Balance between the Practical Costs of Limiting Rights and the Benefits Arising from the Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Tedrus%20Bento">Rafael Tedrus Bento</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of proportionality as a test is raised as a basic foundation for the achievement of Fundamental Rights. We used legal dogmatics and empirical analysis to seek the expected results, from the reading of the RV Oakes trial by the Supreme Court of Canada. In cases involving freedom of expression, two tests are used to resolve disputes. The first examines whether, in fact, the case can be characterized as a violation of freedom of expression; the second assesses whether this violation can be justified by the reasonable limit clause. This test was defined in the RV Oakes trial by the Supreme Court of Canada, concluding with the Oakes Test, used worldwide as a proportionality test. Resulting is a proportionality between the effects of the limiting measure and the objective - the more serious the harmful effects of a measure, the more important the objective must be. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oakes" title="Oakes">Oakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportionality" title=" proportionality"> proportionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supreme%20Court%20of%20Canada" title=" Supreme Court of Canada"> Supreme Court of Canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135650/oakes-test-and-proportionality-test-balance-between-the-practical-costs-of-limiting-rights-and-the-benefits-arising-from-the-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Federalism, a System of Government: Comparative Study of Australia and Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Tajammal%20Rashid">Rana Tajammal Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Federalism is a political system in which government power and responsibility are divided between a federal legislature and units of the state or provincial legislatures. This system provides the structure for the states having large territory and through that can manage the state affairs and administration easily. Many of the largest countries in the world are federations, like; The United States, Canada, India, Pakistan South Africa, Argentina, and Australia. Every large democratic nation has a federal system of government. This study will explore the feature and good governance of two developed countries Canada and Australia. This study will be helpful to the developing countries like Pakistan, India which have a federal form of structure to run the affairs of the state. In the federal system of Pakistan there are lot of issues and conflicts with the provinces with a comparative study of these two developed countries, i.e., Australia and Canada, our policy and decision maker political actors will understand in which way a state will successfully manage the issues related to federalism. This study will also provide the help to the students of comparative politics that how to analysis the different political system of the developed countries of the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federalism" title="federalism">federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20of%20federalism" title=" features of federalism"> features of federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20federalism" title=" types of federalism"> types of federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20of%20federalism" title=" history of federalism"> history of federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australian%20federalism" title=" Australian federalism"> Australian federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canadian%20federalism" title=" Canadian federalism"> Canadian federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federalism%20developments" title=" federalism developments"> federalism developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executives" title=" executives"> executives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federal%20and%20provincial%20autonomy%20legislative" title=" federal and provincial autonomy legislative"> federal and provincial autonomy legislative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial" title=" judicial"> judicial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44409/federalism-a-system-of-government-comparative-study-of-australia-and-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Legacy of Colonialism in Canada’s Immigration Policy: Experiences of Skilled, Racialized Immigrants in the Canadian Labour Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karun%20K.%20Karki">Karun K. Karki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization has intensified the transnational movement of people, mainly from the Global South to the Global North. In this context of transnationalism, migration is framed within the national interests required for economic prosperity. More specifically, the competition for the ‘best and the brightest of highly educated immigrants from around the world can be perceived as evidence that countries in the North are competing in the knowledge-based global economy. Canada is not an exception. Since the early 1970s, Canada has successfully admitted, on average, 200,000 to 280,000 immigrants annually for permanent residency, primarily for economic development, family reunification and humanitarian affairs. Among these three components, economic class immigrants are the highest priority in its immigration policy. Although Canada admits highly qualified immigrant professionals with the expectation of easily integrating them, many highly skilled immigrants are marginalized in the labour market due to a myriad of layered structural and institutional barriers that prevent them from working in the professions for which they were trained in their country of origin. More than 67% of highly skilled immigrants are more likely to be in jobs for which they are formally overqualified. The deteriorating employment situation of highly educated immigrants, particularly the immigrants of racialized groups, needs analytical scrutiny of the immigration policy of Canada. In this paper, author examine how the historical legacy of colonialism still continues in Canada’s immigration policymaking and how this legacy has impacted developing countries in the global South. Author argue that the Canadian immigration policy is based on the notion of exploiting/dominating smaller countries and immigrants from these countries. Such colonial policies have systematically ‘Othered’ immigrants based on their race, ethnicity, gender, culture, and linguistic characteristics. Recommendations are made to revisit contemporary immigration and settlement policies to effectively integrate immigrants into Canadian society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonialism" title="colonialism">colonialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canadian%20immigration%20policy" title=" Canadian immigration policy"> Canadian immigration policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racialized%20immigrants" title=" racialized immigrants"> racialized immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skilled%20immigrants" title=" skilled immigrants"> skilled immigrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185404/legacy-of-colonialism-in-canadas-immigration-policy-experiences-of-skilled-racialized-immigrants-in-the-canadian-labour-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Everyday Solitude, Affective Experiences, and Well-Being in Old Age: The Role of Culture versus Immigration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Da%20Jiang">Da Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helene%20H.%20Fung"> Helene H. Fung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20C.%20Lay"> Jennifer C. Lay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maureen%20C.%20Ashe"> Maureen C. Ashe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Graf"> Peter Graf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christiane%20A.%20Hoppmann"> Christiane A. Hoppmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being alone is often equated with loneliness. Yet, recent findings suggest that the objective state of being alone (i.e., solitude) can have both positive and negative connotations. The present research aimed to examine (1) affective experience in daily solitude; and (2) the association between everyday affect in solitude and well-being. We examined the distinct roles of culture and immigration in moderating these associations. Using up to 35 daily life assessments of momentary affect, solitude, and emotional well-being in two samples (Vancouver, Canada, and China), the study compared older adults who aged in place (local Caucasians in Vancouver Canada and local Hong Kong Chinese in Hong Kong, China) and older adults of different cultural heritages who immigrated to Canada (immigrated Caucasians and immigrated East Asians). We found that older adults of East Asian heritage experienced more positive and less negative affect when alone than did Caucasians. Reporting positive affect in solitude was more positively associated with well-being in older adults who had immigrated to Canada as compared to those who had aged in place. These findings speak to the unique effects of culture and immigration on the affective correlates of solitude and their associations with well-being in old age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solitude" title="solitude">solitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age" title=" age"> age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title=" immigration"> immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96284/everyday-solitude-affective-experiences-and-well-being-in-old-age-the-role-of-culture-versus-immigration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Canadian Business Leaders’ Phenomenological Online Education Expansion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Khaliq">Amna Khaliq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research project centers on Canadian business leaders’ phenomenological online education expansion by navigating the challenges faced by strategic leaders concerning the expansion of online education in the Canadian higher education sector from a business perspective. The study identifies the problems and opportunities of faculty members’ transition from traditional face-to-face to online instruction, particularly in the context of technology-enhanced learning (TEL), and their influence on the growth strategies of Canadian educational institutions. It explores strategic leaders’ approaches and the impact of emerging technologies to assist with developing and executing business strategies to expand online education in Canada. As online education has gained prominence in the country, this research addresses a relevant business problem for educational institutions. The research employs a phenomenological approach in the qualitative research design to conduct this investigation. The study interviews eighteen faculty members engaged in online education in Canada. The interview data is analyzed to answer the three research questions for strategic leaders to expand online education with higher education institutions in Canada. The recommendations include 1) data privacy, infrastructure, security, and technology, 2) support and training for student engagement, 3) accessibility and inclusion, and 4) collaboration among institutions associated with expanding online education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20leadership" title="strategic leadership">strategic leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179525/canadian-business-leaders-phenomenological-online-education-expansion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Smart Water Cities for a Sustainable Future: Defining, Necessity, and Policy Pathways for Canada's Urban Water Resilience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Saadi">Sima Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolyn%20Johns"> Carolyn Johns</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of a "Smart Water City" is emerging as a framework to address critical urban water challenges, integrating technology, data, and sustainable management practices to enhance water quality, conservation, and accessibility. This paper explores the definition of a Smart Water City, examines the pressing need for such cities in Canada, and proposes policy pathways for their development. Smart Water Cities utilize advanced monitoring systems, data analytics, and integrated water resources management to optimize water usage, anticipate and mitigate environmental impacts, and engage citizens in sustainable practices. Global examples from regions such as Europe, Asia, and Australia illustrate how Smart Water City models can transform urban water systems by enhancing resilience, improving resource efficiency, and driving economic development through job creation in environmental technology sectors. For Canada, adopting Smart Water City principles could address pressing challenges, including climate-induced water stress, aging infrastructure, and the need for equitable water access across diverse urban and rural communities. Building on Canada's existing water policies and technological expertise, it propose strategic investments in digital water infrastructure, data-driven governance, and community partnerships. Through case studies, this paper offers insights into how Canadian cities could benefit from cross-sector collaboration, policy development, and funding for smart water technology. By aligning national policy with smart urban water solutions, Canada has the potential to lead globally in sustainable water management, ensuring long-term water security and environmental stewardship for its cities and communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20water%20city" title="smart water city">smart water city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20water%20resilience" title=" urban water resilience"> urban water resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20management%20technology" title=" water management technology"> water management technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20water%20infrastructure" title=" sustainable water infrastructure"> sustainable water infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canada%20water%20policy" title=" canada water policy"> canada water policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city%20initiatives" title=" smart city initiatives"> smart city initiatives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194374/smart-water-cities-for-a-sustainable-future-defining-necessity-and-policy-pathways-for-canadas-urban-water-resilience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> The Nature and the Structure of Scientific and Innovative Collaboration Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Moazami">Afshin Moazami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Schiffauerova"> Andrea Schiffauerova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is to investigate the development and the role of collaboration networks in the creation of knowledge and innovations in the US and Canada, with a special focus on Quebec. In order to create scientific networks, the data on journal articles were extracted from SCOPUS, and the networks were built based on the co-authorship of the journal papers. For innovation networks, the USPTO database was used, and the networks were built on the patent co-inventorship. Various indicators characterizing the evolution of the network structure and the positions of the researchers and inventors in the networks were calculated. The comparison between the United States, Canada, and Quebec was then carried out. The preliminary results show that the nature of scientific collaboration networks differs from the one seen in innovation networks. Scientists work in bigger teams and are mostly interconnected within one giant network component, whereas the innovation network is much more clustered and fragmented, the inventors work more repetitively with the same partners, often in smaller isolated groups. In both Canada and the US, an increasing tendency towards collaboration was observed, and it was found that networks are getting bigger and more centralized with time. Moreover, a declining share of knowledge transfers per scientist was detected, suggesting an increasing specialization of science. The US collaboration networks tend to be more centralized than the Canadian ones. Quebec shares a lot of features with the Canadian network, but some differences were observed, for example, Quebec inventors rely more on the knowledge transmission through intermediaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title=" collaboration"> collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20network" title=" innovation network"> innovation network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20network" title=" scientific network"> scientific network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quebec" title=" Quebec"> Quebec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76156/the-nature-and-the-structure-of-scientific-and-innovative-collaboration-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> Net Zero Energy Schools: The Starting Block for the Canadian Energy Neutral K-12 Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Hakim">Hamed Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roderic%20Archambault"> Roderic Archambault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20J.%20Kibert"> Charles J. Kibert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Mirhadi%20Fard"> Maryam Mirhadi Fard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Changes in the patterns of life in the late 20th and early 21st century have created new challenges for educational systems. Greening the physical environment of school buildings has emerged as a response to some of those challenges and led to the design of energy efficient K-12 school buildings. With the advancement in knowledge and technology, the successful construction of Net Zero Energy Schools, such as the Lady Bird Johnson Middle School demonstrates a cutting edge generation of sustainable schools, and solves the former challenge of attaining energy self-sufficient educational facilities. There are approximately twenty net zero energy K-12 schools in the U.S. of which about six are located in Climate Zone 5 and 6 based on ASHRAE climate zone classification. This paper aims to describe and analyze the current status of energy efficient and NZE schools in Canada. An attempt is made to study existing U.S. energy neutral strategies closest to the climate zones in Canada (zones 5 and 6) and identify the best practices for Canadian schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada%20K-12%20schools" title="Canada K-12 schools">Canada K-12 schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20school" title=" green school"> green school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficient" title=" energy efficient"> energy efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net-zero%20energy%20schools" title=" net-zero energy schools"> net-zero energy schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29725/net-zero-energy-schools-the-starting-block-for-the-canadian-energy-neutral-k-12-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Detention Experiences of Asylum Seeking Children in Canada: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Faize">Zohra Faize</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization has expanded the mobility privileges of the Global North population while simultaneously, those in the Global South, namely poor, and racialized minorities are increasingly criminalized for crossing international borders. As part of this global trend, Canada also engages in tight border control practices, which often result in marginalization and criminalization of asylum seekers, including children. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as a theoretical framework and methodology, this research explores the effects of tight border control practices on children asylum-seekers; with a specific focus on detention experiences in Canadian prisons and immigration Holding Centers. The preliminary results of interviews with 8 participants confirm the violations of child rights that stem from the detention practice. Children also report that they find immigration detention to be a stressful and a confusing experience, often resulting in feeling of shame and guilt after their release into the community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20control" title="border control">border control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crimmigration" title=" crimmigration"> crimmigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20asylum%20seekers" title=" children asylum seekers"> children asylum seekers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immcarceration" title=" immcarceration"> immcarceration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretative%20phenomenological%20analysis%20%28IPA%29" title=" interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)"> interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51493/detention-experiences-of-asylum-seeking-children-in-canada-an-interpretative-phenomenological-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace: A Critical Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucie%20Cote">Lucie Cote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabelle%20Rodier"> Isabelle Rodier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of the research was to identify demonstrated mechanisms promoting psychological well-being and psychological health in the workplace, and to take a critical look at the 'National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace - Prevention, Promotion and Guidance to Staged Implementation (Standard)' as a mechanism to promote the psychological well-being and psychological health in the workplace. A review of the scientific literature was conducted, and a case study was done using data from a Canadian federal department. The following six mechanisms with an efficiency supported by most of the studies reviewed were identified: improving psychological well-being in the workplace literacy; strengthening the resilience of employees; creating an environmentally friendly and healthy workplace; promoting a healthy lifestyle; taking into account psychological characteristics in the drafting of job descriptions and tasks during the hiring process; and offering psychological self-care tools. The Standard offers several mechanisms beyond those previously identified and their implementation can be demanding. Research based on objective data and addressing the magnitude of the effect would be required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20review" title="critical review">critical review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20standard%20of%20Canada" title=" national standard of Canada"> national standard of Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20health" title=" psychological health"> psychological health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace" title=" workplace"> workplace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87499/national-standard-of-canada-for-psychological-health-and-safety-in-the-workplace-a-critical-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Geo-Spatial Methods to Better Understand Urban Food Deserts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Ceh">Brian Ceh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alison%20Jackson-Holland"> Alison Jackson-Holland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food deserts are a reality in some cities. These deserts can be described as a shortage of healthy food options within close proximity of consumers. The shortage in this case is typically facilitated by a lack of stores in an urban area that provide adequate fruit and vegetable choices. This study explores new avenues to better understand food deserts by examining modes of transportation that are available to shoppers or consumers, e.g. walking, automobile, or public transit. Further, this study is unique in that it not only explores the location of large grocery stores, but small grocery and convenience stores too. In this study, the relationship between some socio-economic indicators, such as personal income, are also explored to determine any possible association with food deserts. In addition, to help facilitate our understanding of food deserts, complex network spatial models that are built on adequate algorithms are used to investigate the possibility of food deserts in the city of Hamilton, Canada. It is found that Hamilton, Canada is adequate serviced by retailers who provide healthy food choices and that the food desert phenomena is almost absent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desert" title=" desert"> desert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title=" food"> food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamilton" title=" Hamilton"> Hamilton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=store" title=" store"> store</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76750/geo-spatial-methods-to-better-understand-urban-food-deserts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> System-Wide Impact of Energy Efficiency in the Industry Sector: A Comparative Study between Canada and Denmark</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Baldini">M. Baldini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20Jacobsen"> H. K. Jacobsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jaccard"> M. Jaccard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In light of the international efforts to comply with the Paris agreement and emission targets for future energy systems, Denmark and Canada are among the front-runner countries dealing with climate change. The experiences in the energy sector have seen both countries coping with trade-offs between investments in renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency, thus tackling the climate issue from the supply and demand side respectively. On the demand side, the industrial sector is going through a remarkable transformation, with implementation of energy efficiency measures, change of input fuel for end-use processes and forecasted electrification as main features under the spotlight. By looking at Canada and Denmark's experiences as pathfinders on the demand and supply approach to climate change, it is possible to obtain valuable experience that may be applied to other countries aiming at the same goal. This paper presents a comparative study on industrial energy efficiency between Canada and Denmark. The study focuses on technologies and system options, policy design and implementation and modelling methodologies when implementing industrial energy savings in optimization models in comparison to simulation models. The study identifies gaps and junctures in the approach towards climate change actions and, learning from each other, lessen the differences to further foster the adoption of energy efficiency measurements in the industrial sector, aiming at reducing energy consumption and, consequently, CO₂ emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20energy%20efficiency" title="industrial energy efficiency">industrial energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20reduction" title=" CO₂ reduction"> CO₂ reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20system%20modelling" title=" energy system modelling"> energy system modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85124/system-wide-impact-of-energy-efficiency-in-the-industry-sector-a-comparative-study-between-canada-and-denmark" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> An In-Depth Comparison Study of Canadian and Danish's Entrepreneurship and Education System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Khaliq">Amna Khaliq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research paper, a comparison study has been undertaken between Canada and Denmark to analyze the education system between the countries in entrepreneurship. Denmark, a land of high wages and high taxes, and Canada, a land of immigrants and opportunities, have seen a positive relationship in entrepreneurs' growth. They are both considered one of the top ten countries to start a business and to have government support globally. However, education is entirely free to Danish students, including university degrees, compared to Canadians, which can further hurdle for Canadian millennials to grow in the business world—the business experience more growth with educated entrepreneurs with international backgrounds in new immigrants. Denmark has seen a gradual increase in female entrepreneurs over the decade but is still lower than OECD countries. Compassionate management and work-life balance are prioritized in Denmark, unlike in Canada. Danish are early adopters of technology and have excellent infrastructure to support the technology industry, whereas Canada is still a service-oriented and manufacturer-based country. 2018 has been the highest number of opening businesses for Canada and Denmark. Some companies offer high wages, hiring bonuses, flexible working hours, wellness, and mental health benefits during Pandemic to keep the companies running and keep their workers' morale high. Pandemic has taught consumers new patterns to shop online. It is essential now to use technology and automation to increase productivity in businesses. Only those companies will survive that are applying this strategy. The Pandemic has ultimately changed entrepreneurs' and employees' behavior in the business world. Along with Ph.D. professors, entrepreneurs should be allowed to teach at learning intuitions. Millennials turn out to be the most entrepreneurial generation in both countries. Entrepreneurship education will only be beneficial when students create businesses and learn from real-life experiences. Managing physical, mental, emotional, and psychological health while dealing with high pressure in entrepreneurship are soft skills learned through practical work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship%20education" title="entrepreneurship education">entrepreneurship education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millennials" title=" millennials"> millennials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title=" pandemic"> pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denmark" title=" Denmark"> Denmark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148646/an-in-depth-comparison-study-of-canadian-and-danishs-entrepreneurship-and-education-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Social Enterprises in Rural Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prescott%20C.%20Ensign">Prescott C. Ensign</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social enterprises play a vital role in Canada’s rural and northern communities. Most operate as non-profit organizations, use market approaches, and generate revenue from services or goods to support goals that address social, cultural, and environmental issues. As provincial and federal governments make reductions to programs providing social services to local communities, rural and northern residents who already have fewer resources from which to draw will be especially affected. Social enterprises will be called on to take up the slack. The aim of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive picture of the social enterprise as an organization and to understand the impact that context/ecosystem has on a social enterprise as it develops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20enterprises" title="social enterprises">social enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structuration" title=" structuration"> structuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embeddedness" title=" embeddedness"> embeddedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121642/social-enterprises-in-rural-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Drug Abuse among Immigrant Youth in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Wei">Qin Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been an increased number of immigrants arriving in Canada and a concurrent rise in the number of immigrant youth suffering from drug abuse. Immigrant youths’ drug abuse has become a significant social and public health concern for researchers. This literature review explores the nature of immigrant youths’ drug abuse by examining the factors influencing the onset of substance misuse, the barriers that discourage youth to seek out treatment, and how to resolve addictions amidst immigrant youth. Findings from the literature demonstrate that diminished parental supervision, acculturation challenges, peer conformity, discrimination, and ethnic marginalization are all significant factors influencing youth to use drugs as an outlet for their pain, while culturally competent care and fear of family and culture-based addiction stigma act as barriers discouraging youth from seeking out addiction support. To resolve addiction challenges amidst immigrant youth, future research should focus on promoting and implementing culturally sensitive practices and psychoeducational initiatives into immigrant communities and within public health policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approaches" title="approaches">approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20abuse" title=" drug abuse"> drug abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrant%20youth" title=" immigrant youth"> immigrant youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasons" title=" reasons"> reasons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140539/drug-abuse-among-immigrant-youth-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Performance Comparison of Cooperative Banks in the EU, USA and Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mat%C4%9Bj%20Kuc">Matěj Kuc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares different types of profitability measures of cooperative banks from two developed regions: the European Union and the United States of America together with Canada. We created balanced dataset of more than 200 cooperative banks covering 2011-2016 period. We made series of tests and run Random Effects estimation on panel data. We found that American and Canadian cooperatives are more profitable in terms of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). There is no significant difference in net interest margin (NIM). Our results show that the North American cooperative banks accommodated better to the current market environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20banking" title="cooperative banking">cooperative banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data" title=" panel data"> panel data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability%20measures" title=" profitability measures"> profitability measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20effects" title=" random effects"> random effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112679/performance-comparison-of-cooperative-banks-in-the-eu-usa-and-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Regional Treatment Trends in Canada Derived from Pharmacy Records</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Chau">John Chau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzvi%20Aviv"> Tzvi Aviv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiometabolic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) are major public health concerns. Analysis of all prescription records from about 10 million patients at the largest network of pharmacies in Canada reveals small year-over-year increases in the treatment prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cardiometabolic treatment rates increase with age and are higher in males than females. Hypertension treatment rates were 24% in males and 19% in females in 2021. Diabetes treatment rates were 10% in males and 7% in females in 2021. Geospatial analysis using patient addresses reveals interesting differences among provinces and neighborhoods in Canada. Using digital surveys distributed among 8,504 Canadian adults, an increase in hypertension awareness with age and female gender was observed. However, 7% of seniors and 6% of middle-aged Canadians reported uncontrolled blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg). In addition, elevated blood pressure (130-139/80-89 mmHg) was reported by 20% of seniors and 14% of middle-aged Canadians. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiometabolic%20conditions" title="cardiometabolic conditions">cardiometabolic conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20public%20health" title=" precision public health"> precision public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150280/regional-treatment-trends-in-canada-derived-from-pharmacy-records" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span 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