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behaviour</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mechanical behaviour"> <meta name="keywords" content="mechanical behaviour"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mechanical behaviour"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5429</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mechanical behaviour</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5309</span> Visualization of Flow Behaviour in Micro-Cavities during Micro Injection Moulding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Gheisari">Reza Gheisari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20J.%20Bartolo"> Paulo J. Bartolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Goddard"> Nicholas Goddard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymeric micro-cantilevers (Cs) are rapidly becoming popular for MEMS applications such as chemo- and bio-sensing as well as purely electromechanical applications such as microrelays. Polymer materials present suitable physical and chemical properties combined with low-cost mass production. Hence, micro-cantilevers made of polymers indicate much more biocompatibility and adaptability of rapid prototyping along with mechanical properties. This research studies the effects of three process and one size factors on the filling behaviour in micro cavity, and the role of each in the replication of micro parts using different polymer materials i.e. polypropylene (PP) SABIC 56M10 and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) Magnum 8434. In particular, the following factors are considered: barrel temperature, mould temperature, injection speed and the thickness of micro features. The study revealed that the barrel temperature and the injection speed are the key factors affecting the flow length of micro features replicated in PP and ABS. For both materials, an increase of feature sizes improves the melt flow. However, the melt fill of micro features does not increase linearly with the increase of their thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20length" title="flow length">flow length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20cantilevers" title=" micro cantilevers"> micro cantilevers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20injection%20moulding" title=" micro injection moulding"> micro injection moulding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfabrication" title=" microfabrication"> microfabrication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35671/visualization-of-flow-behaviour-in-micro-cavities-during-micro-injection-moulding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5308</span> An Elasto-Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Unsaturated Soils: Numerical Implementation and Validation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Lazari">Maria Lazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorenzo%20Sanavia"> Lorenzo Sanavia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanics of unsaturated soils has been an active field of research in the last decades. Efficient constitutive models that take into account the partial saturation of soil are necessary to solve a number of engineering problems e.g. instability of slopes and cuts due to heavy rainfalls. A large number of constitutive models can now be found in the literature that considers fundamental issues associated with the unsaturated soil behaviour, like the volume change and shear strength behaviour with suction or saturation changes. Partially saturated soils may either expand or collapse upon wetting depending on the stress level, and it is also possible that a soil might experience a reversal in the volumetric behaviour during wetting. Shear strength of soils also changes dramatically with changes in the degree of saturation, and a related engineering problem is slope failures caused by rainfall. There are several states of the art reviews over the last years for studying the topic, usually providing a thorough discussion of the stress state, the advantages, and disadvantages of specific constitutive models as well as the latest developments in the area of unsaturated soil modelling. However, only a few studies focused on the coupling between partial saturation states and time effects on the behaviour of geomaterials. Rate dependency is experimentally observed in the mechanical response of granular materials, and a viscoplastic constitutive model is capable of reproducing creep and relaxation processes. Therefore, in this work an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model for unsaturated soils is proposed and validated on the basis of experimental data. The model constitutes an extension of an existing elastoplastic strain-hardening constitutive model capable of capturing the behaviour of variably saturated soils, based on energy conjugated stress variables in the framework of superposed continua. The purpose was to develop a model able to deal with possible mechanical instabilities within a consistent energy framework. The model shares the same conceptual structure of the elastoplastic laws proposed to deal with bonded geomaterials subject to weathering or diagenesis and is capable of modelling several kinds of instabilities induced by the loss of hydraulic bonding contributions. The novelty of the proposed formulation is enhanced with the incorporation of density dependent stiffness and hardening coefficients in order to allow the modeling of the pycnotropy behaviour of granular materials with a single set of material constants. The model has been implemented in the commercial FE platform PLAXIS, widely used in Europe for advanced geotechnical design. The algorithmic strategies adopted for the stress-point algorithm had to be revised to take into account the different approach adopted by PLAXIS developers in the solution of the discrete non-linear equilibrium equations. An extensive comparison between models with a series of experimental data reported by different authors is presented to validate the model and illustrate the capability of the newly developed model. After the validation, the effectiveness of the viscoplastic model is displayed by numerical simulations of a partially saturated slope failure of the laboratory scale and the effect of viscosity and degree of saturation on slope’s stability is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLAXIS%20software" title="PLAXIS software">PLAXIS software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title=" unsaturated soils"> unsaturated soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viscoplasticity" title=" Viscoplasticity"> Viscoplasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66381/an-elasto-viscoplastic-constitutive-model-for-unsaturated-soils-numerical-implementation-and-validation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5307</span> Unheard Voices: Workplace Ostracism, Personality Traits, and Knowledge Sharing Behaviour Among Women Professors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naziya%20Haseena">Naziya Haseena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Professors play an indispensable role in education settings, sharing their knowledge and providing guidance and practical insights to the students. This study will investigate the relationship between personality traits, workplace ostracism, and knowledge-sharing behaviour among women professors. The sample of this quantitative study will consist of 200 professors from the Chennai district. It will use a convenient sampling technique to collect data using the workplace ostracism scale developed by Ferris et al. (2008), the big five personality inventory (BFI 44) developed by John (1999), and an adapted version of knowledge-sharing behavior developed by Lin (2007). The findings will provide insights and help to build the gender gap in academia to conduct personality development programs and academic collaboration among professors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20ostracism" title="workplace ostracism">workplace ostracism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20sharing%20behaviour" title=" knowledge sharing behaviour"> knowledge sharing behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academia" title=" academia"> academia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20traits" title=" personality traits"> personality traits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191995/unheard-voices-workplace-ostracism-personality-traits-and-knowledge-sharing-behaviour-among-women-professors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5306</span> The Influence of National Culture on Consumer Buying Behaviour: An Exploratory Study of Nigerian and British Consumers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Haffar">Mohamed Haffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lombe%20Ngome%20Enongene"> Lombe Ngome Enongene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hamdan"> Mohammed Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gbolahan%20Gbadamosi"> Gbolahan Gbadamosi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the considerable body of literature investigating the influence of National Culture (NC) dimensions on consumer behaviour, there is a lack of studies comparing the influence of NC in Africa with Western European countries. This study is intended to fill the vacuum in knowledge by exploring how NC affects consumer buyer behavior in Nigeria and the United Kingdom. The primary data were collected through in depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with three groups of individuals: British students, Nigerian students in the United Kingdom, and Nigerian-based students. This approach and new frontier to analyze culture and consumer behaviour could help understand residual cultural threads of people (that are ingrained in their being) irrespective of exposure to other cultures. The findings of this study show that Nigerian and British consumers differ remarkably in cultural orientations such as symbols, values and psychological standpoints. This ultimately affects the choices made at every stage of the decision building process, and proves beneficial for international retail marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20culture" title="national culture">national culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title=" consumer behaviour"> consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20business" title=" international business"> international business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51307/the-influence-of-national-culture-on-consumer-buying-behaviour-an-exploratory-study-of-nigerian-and-british-consumers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5305</span> Evaluation of the Impact of Functional Communication Training on Behaviors of Concern for Students at a Non-Maintained Special School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20Duggan">Kate Duggan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Functional Communication Training (FCT) is an approach which aims to reduce behaviours of concern by teaching more effective ways to communicate. It requires identification of the function of the behaviour of concern, through gathering information from key stakeholders and completing observations of the individual’s behaviour including antecedents to, and consequences of the behaviour. Appropriate communicative alternatives are then identified and taught to the individual using systematic instruction techniques. Behaviours of concern demonstrated by individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) frequently have a communication function. When contributing to positive behavior support plans, speech and language therapists and other professionals working with individuals with ASC need to identify alternative communicative behaviours which are equally reinforcing as the existing behaviours of concern. Successful implementation of FCT is dependent on an effective ‘response match’. The new way of communicating must be equally as effective as the behaviour previously used and require the same amount or less effort from the individual. It must also be understood by the communication partners the individual encounters and be appropriate to their communicative contexts. Method: Four case studies within a non-maintained special school environment were described and analysed. A response match framework was used to identify the effectiveness of functional communication training delivered by the student’s speech and language therapist, teacher and learning support assistants. The success of systematic instruction techniques used to develop new communicative behaviours was evaluated using the CODES framework. Findings: Functional communication training can be used as part of a positive behaviour support approach for students within this setting. All case studies reviewed demonstrated ‘response success’, in that the desired response was gained from the new communicative behaviour. Barriers to the successful embedding of new communicative behaviours were encountered. In some instances, the new communicative behaviour could not be consistently understood across all communication partners which reduced ‘response recognisability’. There was also evidence of increased physical or cognitive difficulty in employing the new communicative behaviour which reduced the ‘response effectivity’. Successful use of ‘thinning schedules of reinforcement’, taught students to tolerate a delay to reinforcement once the new communication behaviour was learned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmentative%20and%20alternative%20communication" title="augmentative and alternative communication">augmentative and alternative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20conditions" title=" autism spectrum conditions"> autism spectrum conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviours%20of%20concern" title=" behaviours of concern"> behaviours of concern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20communication%20training" title=" functional communication training"> functional communication training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108378/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-functional-communication-training-on-behaviors-of-concern-for-students-at-a-non-maintained-special-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5304</span> A Quick Prediction for Shear Behaviour of RC Membrane Elements by Fixed-Angle Softened Truss Model with Tension-Stiffening</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Wang">X. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Kuang"> J. S. Kuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Fixed-angle Softened Truss Model with Tension-stiffening (FASTMT) has a superior performance in predicting the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements, especially for the post-cracking behaviour. Nevertheless, massive computational work is inevitable due to the multiple transcendental equations involved in the stress-strain relationship. In this paper, an iterative root-finding technique is introduced to FASTMT for solving quickly the transcendental equations of the tension-stiffening effect of RC membrane elements. This fast FASTMT, which performs in MATLAB, uses the bisection method to calculate the tensile stress of the membranes. By adopting the simplification, the elapsed time of each loop is reduced significantly and the transcendental equations can be solved accurately. Owing to the high efficiency and good accuracy as compared with FASTMT, the fast FASTMT can be further applied in quick prediction of shear behaviour of complex large-scale RC structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bisection%20method" title="bisection method">bisection method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FASTMT" title=" FASTMT"> FASTMT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20root-finding%20technique" title=" iterative root-finding technique"> iterative root-finding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20membrane" title=" reinforced concrete membrane"> reinforced concrete membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71255/a-quick-prediction-for-shear-behaviour-of-rc-membrane-elements-by-fixed-angle-softened-truss-model-with-tension-stiffening" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5303</span> Bridging the Gap and Widening the Divide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lerato%20Dixon">Lerato Dixon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thorsten%20Chmura"> Thorsten Chmura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores whether ethnic identity in Zimbabwe leads to discriminatory behaviour and the degree to which a norm-based intervention can shift this discriminatory behaviour. Social Identity Theory suggests that group identity can lead to favouritism towards the in-group and discriminatory behaviour towards the out-group. Agents yield higher utility from maintaining positive self-esteem by confirming with group behaviour. This paper focuses on the two majority ethnic groups in Zimbabwe – the Ndebele and Shona. Racial identities are synonymous with the language spoken. Zimbabwe’s history highlights how identity formation took place. As following independence, political parties became recognised as either Ndebele or Shona-speaking. It is against this backdrop that this study investigates the degree to which norm-based nudge can alter behaviour. This paper uses experimental methods to analyse discriminatory behaviour between two naturally occurring ethnic groups in Zimbabwe. In addition, we investigate if social norm-based interventions can shift discriminatory behaviour to understand if the divide between these two identity groups can be further divided or healed. Participants are randomly assigned into three groups to receive information regarding a social norm. We compare the effect of a proscriptive social norm-based intervention, stating what shouldn't be done and prescriptive social norms as interventions, stating what should be done. Specifically, participants are either shown the socially appropriate (Heal) norm, the socially inappropriateness (Divide) norm regarding interethnic marriages or no norm-based intervention. Following the random assignment into intervention groups, participants take part in the Trust Game. We conjecture that discrimination will shift in accordance with the prevailing social norm. Instead, we find evidence of interethnic discriminatory behaviour. We also find that trust increases when interacting with Ndebele, Shona and Zimbabwean participants following the Heal intervention. However, if the participant is Shona, the Heal intervention decreases trust toward in-groups and Zimbabwean co-players. On the other hand, if the participant is Shona, the Divide treatment significantly increases trust toward Ndebele participants. In summary, we find evidence that norm-based interventions significantly change behaviour. However, the prescriptive norm-based intervention (Heal) decreases trust toward the in-group, out-group and national identity group if the participant is Shona – therefore having an adverse effect. In contrast, the proscriptive Divide treatment increases trust if the participant is Shona towards Ndebele co-players. We conclude that norm-based interventions have a ‘rebound’ effect by altering behaviour in the opposite direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title="discrimination">discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity" title=" social identity"> social identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20norm-based%20intervention" title=" social norm-based intervention"> social norm-based intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zimbabwe" title=" zimbabwe"> zimbabwe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142307/bridging-the-gap-and-widening-the-divide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5302</span> The Influence of Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics of Perfume Microcapsules on Their Rupture Behaviour and How This Relates to Performance in Consumer Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Gray">Andrew Gray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhibing%20Zhang"> Zhibing Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ability for consumer products to deliver a sustained perfume response can be a key driver for a variety of applications. Many compounds in perfume oils are highly volatile, meaning they readily evaporate once the product is applied, and the longevity of the scent is poor. Perfume capsules have been introduced as a means of abating this evaporation once the product has been delivered. The impermeable capsules are aimed to be stable within the formulation, and remain intact during delivery to the desired substrate, only rupturing to release the core perfume oil through application of mechanical force applied by the consumer. This opens up the possibility of obtaining an olfactive response hours, weeks or even months after delivery, depending on the nature of the desired application. Tailoring the properties of the polymeric capsules to better address the needs of the application is not a trivial challenge and currently design of capsules is largely done by trial and error. The aim of this work is to have more predictive methods for capsule design depending on the consumer application. This means refining formulations such that they rupture at the right time for the specific consumer application, not too early, not too late. Finding the right balance between these extremes is essential if a benefit is sought with respect to neat addition of perfume to formulations. It is important to understand the forces that influence capsule rupture, first, by quantifying the magnitude of these different forces, and then by assessing bulk rupture in real-world applications to understand how capsules actually respond. Samples were provided by an industrial partner and the mechanical properties of individual capsules within the samples were characterized via a micromanipulation technique, developed by Professor Zhang at the University of Birmingham. The capsules were synthesized such as to change one particular physicochemical property at a time, such as core: wall material ratio, and the average size of capsules. Analysis of shell thickness via Transmission Electron Microscopy, size distribution via the use of a Mastersizer, as well as a variety of other techniques confirmed that only one particular physicochemical property was altered for each sample. The mechanical analysis was subsequently undertaken, showing the effect that changing certain capsule properties had on the response under compression. It was, however, important to link this fundamental mechanical response to capsule performance in real-world applications. As such, the capsule samples were introduced to a formulation and exposed to full scale stresses. GC-MS headspace analysis of the perfume oil released from broken capsules enabled quantification of what the relative strengths of capsules truly means for product performance. Correlations have been found between the mechanical strength of capsule samples and performance in terms of perfume release in consumer applications. Having a better understanding of the key parameters that drive performance benefits the design of future formulations by offering better guidelines on the parameters that can be adjusted without worrying about the performance effects, and singles out those parameters that are essential in finding the sweet spot for capsule performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20products" title="consumer products">consumer products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20and%20physicochemical%20properties" title=" mechanical and physicochemical properties"> mechanical and physicochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfume%20capsules" title=" perfume capsules"> perfume capsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rupture%20behaviour" title=" rupture behaviour"> rupture behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87689/the-influence-of-mechanical-and-physicochemical-characteristics-of-perfume-microcapsules-on-their-rupture-behaviour-and-how-this-relates-to-performance-in-consumer-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5301</span> An Interpretive Study of Entrepreneurial Experience towards Achieving Business Growth Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a Lens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akunna%20Agunwah">Akunna Agunwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Gallimore"> Kevin Gallimore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathryn%20Kinmond"> Kathryn Kinmond</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship is widely associated and seen as a vehicle for economic growth; however, different scholars have studied entrepreneurship from various perspectives, resulting in multiple definitions. It is surprising to know most entrepreneurship definition does not incorporate growth as part of their definition of entrepreneurship. Economic growth is engineered by the activities of the entrepreneurs. The purpose of the present theoretical study is to explore the working practices of the successful entrepreneurs towards achieving business growth by understanding the experiences of the entrepreneur using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a lens. Ten successful entrepreneurs in the North West of England in various business sectors were interviewed using semi-structured interview method. The recorded audio interviews transcribed and subsequently evaluated using the thematic deductive technique (qualitative approach). The themes were examined using Theory of Planned Behaviour to ascertain the presence of the three intentional antecedents (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control). The findings categorised in two folds, firstly, it was observed that the three intentional antecedents, which make up Theory of Planned Behaviour were evident in the transcript. Secondly, the entrepreneurs are most concerned with achieving a state of freedom and realising their visions and ambitions. Nevertheless, the entrepreneur employed these intentional antecedents to enhance business growth. In conclusion, the work presented here showed a novel way of understanding the working practices and experiences of the entrepreneur using the theory of planned behaviour in qualitative approach towards enhancing business growth. There exist few qualitative studies in entrepreneurship research. In addition, this work applies a novel approach to studying the experience of the entrepreneurs by examining the working practices of the successful entrepreneurs in the North-West England through the lens of the theory of planned behaviour. Given the findings regarding TPB as a lens in the study, the entrepreneur does not differentiate between the categories of the antecedents reasonably sees them as processes that can be utilised to enhance business growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20growth" title="business growth">business growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience" title=" experience"> experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretive" title=" interpretive"> interpretive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20planned%20behaviour" title=" theory of planned behaviour"> theory of planned behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79891/an-interpretive-study-of-entrepreneurial-experience-towards-achieving-business-growth-using-the-theory-of-planned-behaviour-as-a-lens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5300</span> Heavy Metals of Natural Phosphate Ore and the Way They Affect the Various Mineralurgic Modes of Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bezzi%20Nacer">Bezzi Nacer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study focused on the qualitative and quantitative study of Trace elements contained in the natural phosphate ore of Djebel Onk layer and their behaviour to the various mineralurgic modes of treatment. The main objective is to locate the importance of these contents according to granulometry and their association with the existing mineralogical species and to define how the most appropriate treatment. The raw ore is in first submitted to a prior mechanical treatment consisting of homogenization operations, of grinding and of sifting, in order to separate it into three particle-size classes: fine <100 µm (F); medium 100-500 µm (I) and coarse > 500 µm (G), and then treated by calcination, washing and floatation. The identification of the different mineralogical phases, the chemical composition and the thermal behaviour of these samples were realized by various techniques: MEB, DRX, ATG-ATD, etc. The study of Trace elements, carried out by ICP-MS, identified thirty items, consisting mainly of rare earths and of transition metals. A close relation between trace elements and various minerals phases (apatite, dolomite and silicates), through operations of substitution. These elements are distributed between several mineralogical phases, in particular apatite (strontium, uranium, chrome, barium, cadmium) and silicates (strontium, sodium, nickel, zinc and copper). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorization%20of%20natural%20phosphate%20ore" title="valorization of natural phosphate ore">valorization of natural phosphate ore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20and%20quantitative%20analysis" title=" qualitative and quantitative analysis"> qualitative and quantitative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=various%20mineralurgic" title=" various mineralurgic"> various mineralurgic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60272/heavy-metals-of-natural-phosphate-ore-and-the-way-they-affect-the-various-mineralurgic-modes-of-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5299</span> Prediction of the Crustal Deformation of Volcán - Nevado Del RUíz in the Year 2020 Using Tropomi Tropospheric Information, Dinsar Technique, and Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Sebasti%C3%A1n%20Hern%C3%A1ndez">Juan Sebastián Hernández</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Nevado del Ruíz volcano, located between the limits of the Departments of Caldas and Tolima in Colombia, presented an unstable behaviour in the course of the year 2020, this volcanic activity led to secondary effects on the crust, which is why the prediction of deformations becomes the task of geoscientists. In the course of this article, the use of tropospheric variables such as evapotranspiration, UV aerosol index, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, methane, surface temperature, among others, is used to train a set of neural networks that can predict the behaviour of the resulting phase of an unrolled interferogram with the DInSAR technique, whose main objective is to identify and characterise the behaviour of the crust based on the environmental conditions. For this purpose, variables were collected, a generalised linear model was created, and a set of neural networks was created. After the training of the network, validation was carried out with the test data, giving an MSE of 0.17598 and an associated r-squared of approximately 0.88454. The resulting model provided a dataset with good thematic accuracy, reflecting the behaviour of the volcano in 2020, given a set of environmental characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crustal%20deformation" title="crustal deformation">crustal deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tropomi" title=" Tropomi"> Tropomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks%20%28ANN%29" title=" neural networks (ANN)"> neural networks (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volcanic%20activity" title=" volcanic activity"> volcanic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DInSAR" title=" DInSAR"> DInSAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150005/prediction-of-the-crustal-deformation-of-volcan-nevado-del-ruiz-in-the-year-2020-using-tropomi-tropospheric-information-dinsar-technique-and-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5298</span> Factors Affecting Consumers’ Online Shopping Behavior in Vietnam during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Tiki</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Hai%20Anh%20Nguyen">Thi Hai Anh Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pantea%20Aria"> Pantea Aria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tiki is one of the leading e-commerce companies in Viet Nam. Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 has been spreading around the world. Thanks to this pandemic, the Tiki platform has many strengths and has faced many threats. Customer behaviour was forecasted to change during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the investigation is (1) Identifying factors affecting online consumer behaviour of Tiki in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, (2) Measuring the level of impact of these factors, and (3) Recommendations for Tiki to improve its business strategy for the next stage. This research studies eight factors and collected 378 online surveys for analysis. Using SPSS software identified five factors (product, price, reliability, and web design) positively influencing customer behaviour. COVID-19 factor does not impact significantly Tiki’s customer behaviour. This research conducted some qualitative interviews to understand shopping experiences and customers’ expectations. One of these interviews’ main points is that Tiki’s customers have high trust in the Tiki brand and its high-quality products. Based on the results, the Tiki corporation should secure its core value. Tiki’s employees and logistics systems should be well-trained and optimized to improve customer experiences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title=" pandemic"> pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vietnam" title=" Vietnam"> Vietnam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134321/factors-affecting-consumers-online-shopping-behavior-in-vietnam-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-case-study-of-tiki" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5297</span> A Sociocybernetics Data Analysis Using Causality in Tourism Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lloret-Climent">M. Lloret-Climent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Nescolarde-Selva"> J. Nescolarde-Selva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to propose a mathematical model to determine invariant sets, set covering, orbits and, in particular, attractors in the set of tourism variables. Analysis was carried out based on a pre-designed algorithm and applying our interpretation of chaos theory developed in the context of General Systems Theory. This article sets out the causal relationships associated with tourist flows in order to enable the formulation of appropriate strategies. Our results can be applied to numerous cases. For example, in the analysis of tourist flows, these findings can be used to determine whether the behaviour of certain groups affects that of other groups and to analyse tourist behaviour in terms of the most relevant variables. Unlike statistical analyses that merely provide information on current data, our method uses orbit analysis to forecast, if attractors are found, the behaviour of tourist variables in the immediate future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractor" title="attractor">attractor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20set" title=" invariant set"> invariant set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20flows" title=" tourist flows"> tourist flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbits" title=" orbits"> orbits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20responsibility" title=" social responsibility"> social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20variables" title=" tourist variables"> tourist variables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8323/a-sociocybernetics-data-analysis-using-causality-in-tourism-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5296</span> An Explanatory Study into the Information-Seeking Behaviour of Egyptian Beggars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Mansour">Essam Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The key purpose of this study is to provide first-hand information about beggars in Egypt, especially from the perspective of their information seeking behaviour including their information needs. The researcher tries to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of Egyptian beggars with regard to their thoughts, perceptions, motivations, attitudes, habits, preferences as well as challenges that may impede their use of information. The research methods used were an adapted form of snowball sampling of a heterogeneous demographic group of participants in the beggary activity in Egypt. This sampling was used to select focus groups to explore a range of relevant issues. Data on the demographic characteristics of the Egyptian beggars showed that they tend to be men, mostly with no formal education, with an average age around 30s, labeled as low-income persons, mostly single and mostly Muslims. A large number of Egyptian beggars were seeking for information to meet their basic needs as well as their daily needs, although some of them were not able to identify their information needs clearly. The information-seeking behaviour profile of a very large number of Egyptian beggars indicated a preference for informal sources of information over formal ones to solve different problems and meet the challenges they face during their beggary activity depending on assistive devices, such as mobile phones. The high degree of illiteracy and the lack of awareness about the basic rights of information as well as information needs were the most important problems Egyptian beggars face during accessing information. The study recommended further research to be conducted about the role of the library in the education of beggars. It also recommended that beggars’ awareness about their information rights should be promoted through educational programs that help them value the role of information in their life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20studies" title="user studies">user studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information-seeking%20behaviour" title=" information-seeking behaviour"> information-seeking behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20needs" title=" information needs"> information needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20sources" title=" information sources"> information sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beggars" title=" beggars"> beggars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt "> Egypt </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35223/an-explanatory-study-into-the-information-seeking-behaviour-of-egyptian-beggars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5295</span> Advanced Energy Absorbers Used in Blast Resistant Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Drdlov%C3%A1">Martina Drdlová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Frank"> Michal Frank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20%C5%98%C3%ADdk%C3%BD"> Radek Řídký</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Buchar"> Jaroslav Buchar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Kr%C3%A1tk%C3%BD"> Josef Krátký</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of the presented experiments is to improve behaviour of sandwich structures under dynamic loading, such as crash or explosion. This paper describes experimental investigation on the response of new advanced materials to low and high velocity load. Blast wave energy absorbers were designed using two types of porous lightweight raw particle materials based on expanded glass and ceramics with dimensions of 0.5-1 mm, combined with polymeric binder. The effect of binder amount on the static and dynamic properties of designed materials was observed. Prism shaped specimens were prepared and loaded to obtain physico-mechanical parameters – bulk density, compressive and flexural strength under quasistatic load, the dynamic response was determined using Split Hopkinson Pressure bar apparatus. Numerical investigation of the material behaviour in sandwich structure was performed using implicit/explicit solver LS-Dyna. As the last step, the developed material was used as the interlayer of blast resistant litter bin, and it´s functionality was verified by real field blast tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20energy%20absorber" title="blast energy absorber">blast energy absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHPB" title=" SHPB"> SHPB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20glass" title=" expanded glass"> expanded glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20ceramics" title=" expanded ceramics"> expanded ceramics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26570/advanced-energy-absorbers-used-in-blast-resistant-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5294</span> Melting and Making Zn-Based Alloys and Examine Their Biodegradable and Biocompatible Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Sumayli">Abdulrahman Sumayli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural Zinc has many significant biological functions, including developments and sustainable of bones and wound healing. Metallic zinc has recently been explored as potential biomaterials that have preferable biodegradable, biocompatible, and mechanical properties. Pure metal zinc has a preferable physical and mechanical properties for biodegradable and biocompatible applications such as density and modulus of elasticity. The aim of the research is to make different Zn-based metallic alloys and test them effectively to be used as biocompatible and biodegradable materials in the field biomedical application. Microstructure study of the as-cast alloys will be examined using SEM (scanning electron microscope) followed by X-ray diffraction investigated so as to evaluate phase constitution of the designed alloys. After that, immersion test and electrochemical test will be applied to the designed alloys so as to study bio corrosion behaviour of the proposed alloys. Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility well conducted to study biocompatibility of the made alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zn-based%20alloys" title="Zn-based alloys">Zn-based alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20and%20biocompatible%20materials" title=" biodegradable and biocompatible materials"> biodegradable and biocompatible materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity%20test" title=" cytotoxicity test"> cytotoxicity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20synchrotron%20imaging" title=" neutron synchrotron imaging"> neutron synchrotron imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110848/melting-and-making-zn-based-alloys-and-examine-their-biodegradable-and-biocompatible-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5293</span> Characterization of Filled HNBR Elastomers for Sealing Application in Cold Climate Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20G.%20Akulichev">Anton G. Akulichev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avinash%20Tiwari"> Avinash Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Alcock"> Ben Alcock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Echtermeyer"> Andreas Echtermeyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low temperatures are known to pose a major threat for polymers; many are prone to excessive stiffness or even brittleness. There is a technology gap between the properties of existing elastomeric sealing materials and the properties needed for service in extremely cold regions. Moreover, some aspects of low temperature behaviour of rubber are not thoroughly studied and understood. The paper presents results of laboratory testing of a conventional oilfield HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber) elastomer at low climatic temperatures above and below its glass transition point, as well as the performance of some filled HNBR formulations. Particular emphasis in the experiments is put on rubber viscoelastic characteristics studied by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and quasi-static mechanical testing results at low temperatures. As demonstrated by the stress relaxation and DMA experiments the transition region near Tg of the studied compound has the most striking features, like rapid stress relaxation, as compared to the glassy and rubbery plateau. In addition the quasi-static experiments show that molecular movement below Tg is not completely frozen, but rather evident and manifested in a certain stress decay as well. The effect of temperature and filler additions on typical mechanical and other properties of the materials is also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title="characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filled%20elastomers" title=" filled elastomers"> filled elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HNBR" title=" HNBR"> HNBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature" title=" low temperature"> low temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39211/characterization-of-filled-hnbr-elastomers-for-sealing-application-in-cold-climate-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5292</span> Rheology Study of Polyurethane (COAPUR 6050) For Composite Materials Usage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Boutaleb">Sabrina Boutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kouider%20Halim%20Benrahou"> Kouider Halim Benrahou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Schosseler"> François Schosseler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelouahed%20Tounsi"> Abdelouahed Tounsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Abbas%20Adda%20Bedia"> El Abbas Adda Bedia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of polyurethane in different areas becomes more frequent. This is due to significant advantages they have including their lightness and resistance. However, their use requires a mastery of their mechanical performance. We will present in this work, a COAPUR 6050 which can be used to develop composite materials. COAPUR 6050 is an associative polyurethane thickener allowing fine rheological adjustment of flat or semi-gloss paints. COAPUR 6050 is characterised by its thickening efficiency at low shear rate. It is a solvent-free liquid product. It promotes good paint pick up, while maintaining a low yield point after shearing, and consequently a good levelling. We will then determine its rheological behaviour experimentally using different annular gaps. The rheological properties of COAPUR 6050 were researched by rotational rheometer (Rheometer-Mars III) using different annular gaps. There is the influence of the size of the annular gap on the behaviour as well as on the rheological parameters of the COAPUR 6050. The rheological properties data of COAPUR 6050 were regressed by nonlinear regression method and their rheological models were established, are characterized by yield pseudoplastic model. In this case, it is essential to make a viscometric correction. The latter was developed and presented in the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COAPUR%206050" title="COAPUR 6050">COAPUR 6050</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%E2%80%99s%20couette" title=" flow’s couette"> flow’s couette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title=" polyurethane"> polyurethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheological%20behaviours" title=" rheological behaviours"> rheological behaviours</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38781/rheology-study-of-polyurethane-coapur-6050-for-composite-materials-usage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5291</span> 3D Numerical Investigation of Asphalt Pavements Behaviour Using Infinite Elements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sandjak">K. Sandjak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Tiliouine"> B. Tiliouine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents the main results of three-dimensional (3-D) numerical investigation of asphalt pavement structures behaviour using a coupled Finite Element-Mapped Infinite Element (FE-MIE) model. The validation and numerical performance of this model are assessed by confronting critical pavement responses with Burmister’s solution and FEM simulation results for multi-layered elastic structures. The coupled model is then efficiently utilised to perform 3-D simulations of a typical asphalt pavement structure in order to investigate the impact of two tire configurations (conventional dual and new generation wide-base tires) on critical pavement response parameters. The numerical results obtained show the effectiveness and the accuracy of the coupled (FE-MIE) model. In addition, the simulation results indicate that, compared with conventional dual tire assembly, single wide base tire caused slightly greater fatigue asphalt cracking and subgrade rutting potentials and can thus be utilised in view of its potential to provide numerous mechanical, economic, and environmental benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-D%20numerical%20investigation" title="3-D numerical investigation">3-D numerical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20pavements" title=" asphalt pavements"> asphalt pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20and%20wide%20base%20tires" title=" dual and wide base tires"> dual and wide base tires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Infinite%20elements" title=" Infinite elements"> Infinite elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77709/3d-numerical-investigation-of-asphalt-pavements-behaviour-using-infinite-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5290</span> Overview on the Failure in the Multiphase Mechanical Seal in Centrifugal Pumps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Azizi">Aydin Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al.%20Azizi"> Ahmed Al. Azizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical seals are essential components in centrifugal pumps since they help in controlling leaking out of the liquid that is pumped under pressure. Unlike the common types of packaging, mechanical seals are highly efficient and they reduce leakage by a great extent. However, all multiphase mechanical seals leak and they are subject to failure. Some of the factors that have been recognized to their failure include excessive heating, open seal faces, as well as environment related factors that trigger failure of the materials used to manufacture seals. The proposed research study will explore the failure of multiphase mechanical seal in centrifugal pumps. The objective of the study includes how to reduce the failure in multiphase mechanical seals and to make them more efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20seals" title="mechanical seals">mechanical seals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20pumps" title=" centrifugal pumps"> centrifugal pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20phase%20failure" title=" multi phase failure"> multi phase failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excessive%20heating" title=" excessive heating"> excessive heating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44065/overview-on-the-failure-in-the-multiphase-mechanical-seal-in-centrifugal-pumps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5289</span> The Valorisation of Dredged Sediment in the Self Compacting Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bouhamou">N. Bouhamou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mostefa"> F. Mostefa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mebrouki"> A. Mebrouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Belas"> N. Belas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every year, millions of cube meters are dredged from dams and restraints as an entertaining and prevention procedure all over the world. These dredged sediments are considered as natural waste leading to an environmental, ecological and even an economical problem in their processing and deposing. Nevertheless, in the context of the sustainable development policy, a way of management is opened aiming to the valorization of sediments as a building material and particularly as a new binder that can be industrially exploited and that improve the physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the concrete. This study is a part of the research works realized in the civil engineering department at the university of Mostaganem (Algeria), on the impact of the dredged mud of Fergoug dam on the behaviour of self-consolidating concrete in fresh and hardened state, such as the mechanical performance of SCC and its impact on the differed deformations (shrinkage). The work aims to valorize this mud in SCC and to show eventual interactions between constituents. The results obtained presents a good perspectives in order to perform SCC based in calcined mud. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title="sediment">sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-consolidating%20concrete" title=" self-consolidating concrete"> self-consolidating concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20state" title=" fresh state"> fresh state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20state" title=" hard state"> hard state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18773/the-valorisation-of-dredged-sediment-in-the-self-compacting-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5288</span> Characteristics of Nanosilica-Geopolymer Nanocomposites and Mixing Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Assaedi">H. Assaedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20U.%20A.%20Shaikh"> F. U. A. Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Low"> I. M. Low</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the effects of mixing procedures on mechanical properties of flyash-based geopolymer matrices containing nanosilica (NS) at 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% by wt.. Comparison is made with conventional mechanical dry-mixing of NS with flyash and wet-mixing of NS in alkaline solutions. Physical and mechanical properties are investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results show that generally the addition of NS particles enhanced the microstructure and improved flexural and compressive strengths of geopolymer nanocomposites. However, samples prepared using dry-mixing approach demonstrate better physical and mechanical properties than wet-mixing of NS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title="geopolymer">geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-silica" title=" nano-silica"> nano-silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20mixing" title=" dry mixing"> dry mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20mixing" title=" wet mixing"> wet mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40281/characteristics-of-nanosilica-geopolymer-nanocomposites-and-mixing-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5287</span> Use of EPR in Experimental Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Siko%C5%84">M. Sikoń</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bidzi%C5%84ska"> E. Bidzińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt to apply EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectroscopy to experimental analysis of the mechanical state of the loaded material is considered in this work. Theory concerns the participation of electrons in transfer of mechanical action. The model of measurement is shown by applying classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Theoretical analysis is verified using EPR spectroscopy twice, once for the free spacemen and once for the mechanical loaded spacemen. Positive results in the form of different spectra for free and loaded materials are used to describe the mechanical state in continuum based on statistical mechanics. Perturbation of the optical electrons in the field of the mechanical interactions inspires us to propose new optical properties of the materials with mechanical stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cosserat%20medium" title="Cosserat medium">Cosserat medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPR%20spectroscopy" title=" EPR spectroscopy"> EPR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20active%20electrons" title=" optical active electrons"> optical active electrons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20activity" title=" optical activity"> optical activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39245/use-of-epr-in-experimental-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5286</span> The Long-Term Leaching Behaviour of 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu Radionuclides Incorporated in Mortar Matrices Made from Natural Aggregates and Recycled Aggregates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Deju">R. Deju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mincu"> M. Mincu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gurau"> D. Gurau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the interim storage or final disposal of low level waste, migration/diffusion of radionuclides can occur when the waste comes in contact with water. The long-term leaching behaviour into surrounding fluid (demineralized water) of <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>60</sup>Co and <sup>152</sup>Eu radionuclides, artificially incorporated in mortar matrices made from natural aggregates (river sand) and recycled radioactive concrete was studied. Results presented in this work are obtained in two years of mortar testing and will be used for the safety increasing in the storage of low level radioactive waste. The study involved the influence of curing time, type and size distribution of the aggregates on leaching behaviour. The mortar samples were immersed in distilled water for 30 days. The leached activity of the mortar samples was measured on samples from the immersing water and analyzed through a gamma-ray spectrometry method using an HPGe detector with a GESPECOR code for efficiency evaluation. The long-term leaching behaviour of the radionuclides was evaluated from the leaching data calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20spectrometry" title="gamma spectrometry">gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching%20behavior" title=" leaching behavior"> leaching behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse%20and%20recycling%20of%20radioactive%20concrete" title=" reuse and recycling of radioactive concrete"> reuse and recycling of radioactive concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56421/the-long-term-leaching-behaviour-of-137cs-60co-and-152eu-radionuclides-incorporated-in-mortar-matrices-made-from-natural-aggregates-and-recycled-aggregates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5285</span> Ibadan-Nigeria Citizenship Behavior Scale: Development and Validation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20O.%20Ehigie">Benjamin O. Ehigie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aderemi%20Alarape"> Aderemi Alarape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyitor%20Shenge"> Nyitor Shenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvester%20A.%20Okhakhume"> Sylvester A. Okhakhume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timileyin%20Fashola"> Timileyin Fashola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiyinfunjah%20Dosumu"> Fiyinfunjah Dosumu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a construct in industrial and organisational behaviour that explains a person's voluntary commitment within an organisation, which is outside the scope of his or her contractual tasks. To attain organisational effectiveness the human factor of production is inevitable, hence the importance of employee behaviour. While the concept of organisational citizenship behavior is mostly discussed in the context of the workplace, it is reasoned that the idea could be reflective in relation to national commitment. Many developing countries in Africa, including Nigeria, suffer economic hardship today not necessarily due to poor resources but bad management of the resources. The mangers of their economies are not committed to the tenets of economic growth but engrossed in fraud, corruption, bribery, and other economic vices. It is this backdrop that necessitated the development and validation of the Ibadan-Nigeria Citizenship Behaviour (I-NCB) Scale. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey (online) research design, using 2404 postgraduate students in the Premier University of the country, with 99.2% being Nigerians and 0.8% non-Nigerians. Gender composition was 1,439 (60%) males and 965 (40%) females, 1201 (50%) were employed while 1203 50% unemployed, 74.2% of the employed were in public paid employment, 19.5% in private sector, and 6.3% were self-employed. Through literature review, 78 items were generated. Using 10 lecturers and 21 students, content and face validity were established respectively. Data collected were subjected to reliability and factor analytic statistics at p < .05 level of significance. Results of the content and face validity at 80% level of item acceptance resulted to 60 items; this was further reduced to 50 after item-total correlation using r=.30 criterion. Divergent validity of r= -.28 and convergent validity of r= .44 were obtained by correlating the I-NCB scale with standardized Counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) scale and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) scale among the workers. The reliability coefficients obtained were; Cronbach alpha of internal consistency (α = 0.941) and split-half reliability of r = 0.728. Factor analyses of the I-NCB scale with principal component and varimax rotation yielded five factors when Eigenvalue above 1 were extracted. The factors which accounted for larger proportions of the total variance were given factor names as; Altruistic, Attachment, Affective, Civic responsibility and Allegiance. As much as there are vast journals on citizenship behaviour in organisations, there exists no standardized tool to measure citizenship behaviour of a country. The Ibadan-Nigeria Citizenship Behaviour (I-NCB) scale was consequently developed. The scale could be used to select personnel into political positions and senior administrative positions among career workers in Nigeria, with the aim of determining national commitment to service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterproductive%20work%20behaviour" title="counterproductive work behaviour">counterproductive work behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWB" title=" CWB"> CWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria%20Citizenship%20Behaviour" title=" Nigeria Citizenship Behaviour"> Nigeria Citizenship Behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20citizenship%20behaviour" title=" organisational citizenship behaviour"> organisational citizenship behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCB" title=" OCB"> OCB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibadan" title=" Ibadan"> Ibadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100137/ibadan-nigeria-citizenship-behavior-scale-development-and-validation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5284</span> Positive Incentives to Reduce Private Car Use: A Theory-Based Critical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Alexandre%20Dos%20Reis">Rafael Alexandre Dos Reis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research has shown a substantial increase in the participation of Conventionally Fuelled Vehicles (CFVs) in the urban transport modal split. The reasons for this unsustainable reality are multiple, from economic interventions to individual behaviour. The development and delivery of positive incentives for the adoption of more environmental-friendly modes of transport is an emerging strategy to help in tackling the problem of excessive use of conventionally fuelled vehicles. The efficiency of this approach, like other information-based schemes, can benefit from the knowledge of their potential impacts in theoretical constructs of multiple behaviour change theories. The goal of this research is to critically analyse theories of behaviour that are relevant to transport research and the impacts of positive incentives on the theoretical determinants of behaviour, strengthening the current body of evidence about the benefits of this approach. The main method to investigate this will involve a literature review on two main topics: the current theories of behaviour that have empirical support in transport research and the past or ongoing positive incentives programs that had an impact on car use reduction. The reviewed programs of positive incentives were the following: The TravelSmart®; Spitsmijden®; Incentives for Singapore Commuters® (INSINC); COMMUTEGREENER®; MOVESMARTER®; STREETLIFE®; SUPERHUB®; SUNSET® and the EMPOWER® project. The theories analysed were the heory of Planned Behaviour (TPB); The Norm Activation Theory (NAM); Social Learning Theory (SLT); The Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB); The Goal-Setting Theory (GST) and The Value-Belief-Norm Theory (VBN). After the revisions of the theoretical constructs of each of the theories and their influence on car use, it can be concluded that positive incentives schemes impact on behaviour change in the following manners: -Changing individual’s attitudes through informational incentives; -Increasing feelings of moral obligations to reduce the use of CFVs; -Increase the perceived social pressure to engage in more sustainable mobility behaviours through the use of comparison mechanisms in social media, for example; -Increase the perceived control of behaviour through informational incentives and training incentives; -Increasing personal norms with reinforcing information; -Providing tools for self-monitoring and self-evaluation; -Providing real experiences in alternative modes to the car; -Making the observation of others’ car use reduction possible; -Informing about consequences of behaviour and emphasizing the individual’s responsibility with society and the environment; -Increasing the perception of the consequences of car use to an individual’s valued objects; -Increasing the perceived ability to reduce threats to environment; -Help establishing goals to reduce car use; - iving personalized feedback on the goal; -Increase feelings of commitment to the goal; -Reducing the perceived complexity of the use of alternatives to the car. It is notable that the emerging technique of delivering positive incentives are systematically connected to causal determinants of travel behaviour. The preliminary results of the reviewed programs evidence how positive incentives might strengthen these determinants and help in the process of behaviour change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20incentives" title="positive incentives">positive incentives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20car%20use%20reduction" title=" private car use reduction"> private car use reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20behaviour" title=" sustainable behaviour"> sustainable behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20travel%20behaviour%20change" title=" voluntary travel behaviour change"> voluntary travel behaviour change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61330/positive-incentives-to-reduce-private-car-use-a-theory-based-critical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5283</span> Contextual Enablers and Behaviour Outputs for Action of Knowledge Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan-Gabriel%20Cegarra-Navarro">Juan-Gabriel Cegarra-Navarro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexeis%20Garcia-Perez"> Alexeis Garcia-Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denise%20Bedford"> Denise Bedford</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides guidelines for what constitutes a knowledge worker. Many graduates from non-managerial domains adopt, at some point in their professional careers, management roles at different levels, ranging from team leaders through to executive leadership. This is particularly relevant for professionals from an engineering background. Moving from a technical to an executive-level requires an understanding of those behaviour management techniques that can motivate and support individuals and their performance. Further, the transition to management also demands a shift of contextual enablers from tangible to intangible resources, which allows individuals to create new capacities, competencies, and capabilities. In this dynamic process, the knowledge worker becomes that key individual who can help members of the management board to transform information into relevant knowledge. However, despite its relevance in shaping the future of the organization in its transition to the knowledge economy, the role of a knowledge worker has not yet been studied to an appropriate level in the current literature. In this study, the authors review both the contextual enablers and behaviour outputs related to the role of the knowledge worker and relate these to their ability to deal with everyday management issues such as knowledge heterogeneity, varying motivations, information overload, or outdated information. This study highlights that the aggregate of capacities, competences and capabilities (CCCs) can be defined as knowledge structures, the study proposes several contextual enablers and behaviour outputs that knowledge workers can use to work cooperatively, acquire, distribute and knowledge. Therefore, this study contributes to a better comprehension of how CCCs can be managed at different levels through their contextual enablers and behaviour outputs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20workers" title="knowledge workers">knowledge workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capabilities" title=" capabilities"> capabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacities" title=" capacities"> capacities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competences" title=" competences"> competences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20structures" title=" knowledge structures"> knowledge structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115796/contextual-enablers-and-behaviour-outputs-for-action-of-knowledge-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5282</span> The Development of Large Deformation Stability of Elastomeric Bearings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20Forcellini">Davide Forcellini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Marshal%20Kelly"> James Marshal Kelly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seismic isolation using multi-layer elastomeric isolators has been used in the United States for more than 20 years. Although isolation bearings normally have a large factor of safety against buckling due to low shear stiffness, this phenomenon has been widely studied. In particular, the linearly elastic theory adopted to study this phenomenon is relatively accurate and adequate for most design purposes. Unfortunately it cannot consider the large deformation response of a bearing when buckling occurs and the unresolved behaviour of the stability of the post-buckled state. The study conducted in this paper may be viewed as a development of the linear theory of multi-layered elastomeric bearing, simply replacing the differential equations by algebraic equations, showing how it is possible to evaluate the post-buckling behaviour and the interactions at large deformations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20elastomeric%20isolators" title="multi-layer elastomeric isolators">multi-layer elastomeric isolators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20deformation" title=" large deformation"> large deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20load" title=" compressive load"> compressive load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20load" title=" tensile load"> tensile load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-buckling%20behaviour" title=" post-buckling behaviour "> post-buckling behaviour </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4938/the-development-of-large-deformation-stability-of-elastomeric-bearings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5281</span> A Supervised Goal Directed Algorithm in Economical Choice Behaviour: An Actor-Critic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keyvanl%20Yahya">Keyvanl Yahya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to find a algorithmic structure that affords to predict and explain economic choice behaviour particularly under uncertainty (random policies) by manipulating the prevalent Actor-Critic learning method that complies with the requirements we have been entrusted ever since the field of neuroeconomics dawned on us. Whilst skimming some basics of neuroeconomics that might be relevant to our discussion, we will try to outline some of the important works which have so far been done to simulate choice making processes. Concerning neurological findings that suggest the existence of two specific functions that are executed through Basal Ganglia all the way down to sub-cortical areas, namely 'rewards' and 'beliefs', we will offer a modified version of actor/critic algorithm to shed a light on the relation between these functions and most importantly resolve what is referred to as a challenge for actor-critic algorithms, that is lack of inheritance or hierarchy which avoids the system being evolved in continuous time tasks whence the convergence might not emerge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroeconomics" title="neuroeconomics">neuroeconomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice%20behaviour" title=" choice behaviour"> choice behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actor-critic%20algorithm" title=" actor-critic algorithm"> actor-critic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4292/a-supervised-goal-directed-algorithm-in-economical-choice-behaviour-an-actor-critic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5280</span> Spatio-Temporal Properties of p53 States Raised by Glucose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Jahoor%20Alam">Md. Jahoor Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent studies suggest that Glucose controls several lifesaving pathways. Glucose molecule is reported to be responsible for the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species). In the present work, a p53-MDM2-Glucose model is developed in order to study spatiotemporal properties of the p53 pathway. The systematic model is mathematically described. The model is numerically simulated using high computational facility. It is observed that the variation in glucose concentration level triggers the system at different states, namely, oscillation death (stabilized), sustain and damped oscillations which correspond to various cellular states. The transition of these states induced by glucose is phase transition-like behaviour. Further, the amplitude of p53 dynamics with the variation of glucose concentration level follows power law behaviour, As(k) ~ kϒ, where, ϒ is a constant. Further Stochastic approach is needed for understanding of realistic behaviour of the model. The present model predicts the variation of p53 states under the influence of glucose molecule which is also supported by experimental facts reported by various research articles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillation" title="oscillation">oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20behavior" title=" temporal behavior"> temporal behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p53" title=" p53"> p53</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47042/spatio-temporal-properties-of-p53-states-raised-by-glucose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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