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(1883–1942)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kodi Rama Murti Naidu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg/220px-K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg/330px-K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg/440px-K_Ramamurthi_Naidu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="694" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Kodi Ramamurthy Naidu</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-11-03</span>)</span>3 November 1883 or April 1882<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Veeraghattam" title="Veeraghattam">Veeraghattam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srikakulam_district" title="Srikakulam district">Srikakulam district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1942 (aged 58 or 59)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a>, India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">5 ft 6.5 in (169 cm)<sup id="cite_ref-Ardmoreite_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ardmoreite-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kodi Rammurthy Naidu</b> (also known as <b>Rama Murti Naidu</b> and <b>Prof. Rammurty</b>) was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Strongman" title="Strongman">strongman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestler</a>, celebrated for his exceptional strength and contributions to India's <a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">physical culture</a> history. He was renowned for his extraordinary feats, such as stopping two cars using only his muscle power and withstanding the weight of an elephant on his chest.<sup id="cite_ref-Ardmoreite_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ardmoreite-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the title of "Indian <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a>" by King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>. He is also known by the epithets "Kaliyuga Bhima" (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kaliyuga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliyuga">Kaliyuga</a></span>), "Indian <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sandow" title="Eugen Sandow">Sandow</a>", "Malla Marthanda" (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malla-yuddha" title="Malla-yuddha">Malla-yuddha</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rammurty Naidu worked as a <a href="/wiki/Physical_education" title="Physical education">Physical Education</a> instructor. He was a strict vegetarian.<sup id="cite_ref-Ardmoreite_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ardmoreite-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an expert in Vayu Stambhana (air resistance) and Jala Stambhana (water resistance) yoga.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to his athletic pursuits, he founded a successful circus company but generously donated his earnings to charitable trusts and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rammurty Naidu was born in a <a href="/wiki/Telaga" title="Telaga">Telaga Kapu</a> family<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Kodi Venkanna Naidu in the village of <a href="/wiki/Veeraghattam" title="Veeraghattam">Veeraghattam</a> in Srikakulam district, <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i> notes his birth date as April 1882,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News Telugu</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_(media_group)" title="Sakshi (media group)">Sakshi</a></i> mention it as 3 November 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rammurthy Naidu's mother died when he was a child. Since the boy had become motherless, his father, Venkanna, treated him with care and affection in his childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rammurthy had no inclination towards studies, which earned him the wrath of his father. Fleeing home Ramamurthy reached the forests. He returned to the town after a week along with a tiger cub.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Growing up, Rammurthy used to quarrel with his friends over trivial issues. Vexed with his behaviour, his father, Venkanna sent him to his brother Kodi Narayana Swamy's house in <a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram" title="Vizianagaram">Vizianagaram</a> for higher studies. Narayana Swamy was serving there as a <a href="/wiki/Inspector" title="Inspector">police inspector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rammurthy joined a fitness centre in Vizianagaram and learnt <a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Kusthi</a>, and soon became an established <a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">pehelwan</a> (wrestler) in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_Education_instructor">Physical Education instructor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Physical Education instructor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his schooling Rammurthy was appointed as a drill master in his own school and continued training in his free time.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901, he joined a college in <a href="/wiki/Saidapet" title="Saidapet">Saidapet</a>, Madras that trains teachers in <a href="/wiki/Physical_education" title="Physical education">Physical Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911 he displayed his skills of breaking steel chains, stopping motor cars and allowing elephant to pass over his chest before government authorities in Madras.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circus_company">Circus company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Circus company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rammurthy Naidu established a <a href="/wiki/Circus_(company)" title="Circus (company)">circus company</a> in Vizianagaram with the help of his friend, Potti Panthulu.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His uncommon feats attracted people from all over the country. He used to break an iron chain tied to his body by taking a deep breath and flexing his muscles.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iron chains would be tied to his shoulders and the other ends were tied to two cars and used to stop them. He took an elephant on his chest and held it for five minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performances_abroad">Performances abroad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Performances abroad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg/199px-Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg/299px-Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg/398px-Indian_wrestlers_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Ramamurthi (seated in the centre) and other wrestlers, c. 1912</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lord_Minto" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Minto">Lord Minto</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, experienced Ramamurthy's strength, when he tried to drive his car with Rammurthy holding it back with iron chains. His fame spread across the length and breadth of the country after this incident.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naidu demonstrated his skills at the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> meeting in Allahabad. <a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya</a> encouraged him to perform his feats abroad and sent his team to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, Ramamurthy began travelling extensively throughout the subcontinent. Naidu performed impressive feats like stopping two cars (driving in two different directions) of 12 <a href="/wiki/Horse_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse power">horse power</a> at high acceleration, breaking iron chains (of half inches) and balancing an elephant on his chest.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> were impressed with his feats and gave him the title <i>Indian Hercules</i> after watching his display of physical strength at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>. He was the first Indian to be so honoured by the royal couple.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said that his portrait adorned the walls of the Buckingham Palace after that.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, Ramamurthy came to be known as "Kaliyuga Bheema" and "Indian <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sandow" title="Eugen Sandow">Eugene Sandow</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became a regular in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was in Spain, the local people invited him to fight a bull in the ring. He entered the bullfighting ring, took the bull by its horns and threw it to the ground . Although he had no experience of <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bull-fights</a>, he dared and performed it successfully.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity_and_freedom_movement">Charity and freedom movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Charity and freedom movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ramamurthy Naidu was attracted towards the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">freedom movement</a> through D. Chandrayya Naidu, who used to organise tribal youths against the British rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned crores of rupees through his circus company but spent a large amount of his wealth on charity and for the freedom movement of India.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his last days, Naidu shifted to the estate of his friend, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Patna_State" title="Patna State">Balangir</a> princely state in <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Orissa</a>. He died there in <a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a> festival in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anirban Ghosh notes of Ramamurthy Naidu trained and inspired youth to be physically fit countering the colonial stereotype that the Indian man was weaker than the British.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abhijit Gupta of <a href="/wiki/Jadavpur_University" title="Jadavpur University">Jadavpur University</a> calls Naidu, "perhaps the most well-known and widely travelled among the league of extraordinary gentleman."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A statue of Ramamurthy Naidu was installed on the <a href="/wiki/Beach_Road,_Visakhapatnam" title="Beach Road, Visakhapatnam">Beach Road</a> of <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another statue is also situated in his home town, <a href="/wiki/Veeraghattam" title="Veeraghattam">Veeraghattam</a>. Kodi Rammurthy Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Srikakulam" title="Srikakulam">Srikakulam</a> has been named after him. There were reports of various <a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu filmmakers</a>' interest in making a <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</a> on the life of Naidu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration of Naidu in The Daily Ardmoreite (22 January 1918)"><img alt="Illustration of Naidu in The Daily Ardmoreite (22 January 1918)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png/94px-Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png/140px-Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png/187px-Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="825" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration of Naidu in <a href="/wiki/The_Ardmoreite" title="The Ardmoreite"><i>The Daily Ardmoreite</i></a> (22 January 1918)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bust of Ramamurthy Naidu in Srikakulam"><img alt="Bust of Ramamurthy Naidu in Srikakulam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG/90px-Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG/135px-Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG/180px-Kodi_Ramamurthy1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">Bust</a> of Ramamurthy Naidu in <a href="/wiki/Srikakulam" title="Srikakulam">Srikakulam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Information plate of the statue in Srikakulam"><img alt="Information plate of the statue in Srikakulam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG/90px-Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG/135px-Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG/180px-Kodi_Ramamurthy3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Information plate of the statue in Srikakulam</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ardmoreite-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ardmoreite_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ardmoreite_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ardmoreite_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=A+Fine+Specimen&rft.date=2017-02-26&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Anirban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Flifestyle%2Fart-and-culture%2Fa-fine-specimen-4542126%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKodi+Rammurthy+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madrascourier.com/insight/the-indian-hercules-was-a-vegetarian-body-builder/">"The Indian Hercules Was A Vegetarian Body Builder"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Madras_Courier" title="Madras Courier">Madras Courier</a></i>. 2 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A.; Chaudhuri, Supriya (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3KTsCwAAQBAJ&dq=kodi+Rammurthy+Naidu&pg=PT112"><i>Sport, Literature, Society: Cultural Historical Studies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-92031-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-92031-0"><bdi>978-1-134-92031-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport%2C+Literature%2C+Society%3A+Cultural+Historical+Studies&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-134-92031-0&rft.aulast=Tadi%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft.au=Mangan%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Chaudhuri%2C+Supriya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KTsCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkodi%2BRammurthy%2BNaidu%26pg%3DPT112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKodi+Rammurthy+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Physical_culture" title="Template:Physical culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Physical_culture" title="Template talk:Physical culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Physical_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Physical culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Physical_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Friedrich_GutsMuths" title="Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths">Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Krebs" title="Johann Baptist Krebs">Johann Baptist Krebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_Henrik_Ling" title="Pehr Henrik Ling">Pehr Henrik Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Nachtegall" title="Franz Nachtegall">Franz Nachtegall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Amor%C3%B3s_y_Ondeano" title="Francisco Amorós y Ondeano">Francisco Amorós y Ondeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Spiess" title="Adolf Spiess">Adolf Spiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Topham" title="Thomas Topham">Thomas Topham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_physical_culture" title="Western physical culture">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Assirati" title="Bert Assirati">Bert Assirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bankier" title="William Bankier">William Bankier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Barton-Wright" title="Edward William Barton-Wright">Edward William Barton-Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zishe_Breitbart" title="Zishe Breitbart">Zishe Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Niels Bukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Dane" title="Victor Dane">Victor Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Delsarte" title="François Delsarte">François Delsarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Desbonnet" title="Edmond Desbonnet">Edmond Desbonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Elliot" title="Launceston Elliot">Launceston Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Emmott" title="Tony Emmott">Tony Emmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ferrero" title="Juan Ferrero">Juan Ferrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Fowler" title="Eileen Fowler">Eileen Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fitzsimmons" title="Bob Fitzsimmons">Bob Fitzsimmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Fri%C5%A1tensk%C3%BD" title="Gustav Frištenský">Gustav Frištenský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Margaret_Garrud" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Margaret Garrud">Edith Margaret Garrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6rner" title="Hermann Görner">Hermann Görner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hackenschmidt" title="George Hackenschmidt">George Hackenschmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_H%C3%A9bert" title="Georges Hébert">Georges Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Heidenstam" title="Oscar Heidenstam">Oscar Heidenstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Hornibrook" title="F. A. Hornibrook">F. A. Hornibrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Inch" title="Thomas Inch">Thomas Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lees_(bodybuilder)" title="John Lees (bodybuilder)">John Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_McLeod_(wrestler)" title="Dan McLeod (wrestler)">Dan McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Peter_M%C3%BCller" title="Jørgen Peter Müller">Jørgen Peter Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartvig_Nissen_(gymnast)" title="Hartvig Nissen (gymnast)">Hartvig Nissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Park" title="Reg Park">Reg Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pullum" title="William Pullum">William Pullum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Rhodes" title="Joan Rhodes">Joan Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sandow" title="Eugen Sandow">Eugen Sandow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Saxon" title="Arthur Saxon">Arthur Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schlaffhorst" title="Clara Schlaffhorst">Clara Schlaffhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokol_(sport_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokol (sport organization)">Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Strongfort" title="Lionel Strongfort">Lionel Strongfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxalding" title="Maxalding">Maxalding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Sick" title="Max Sick">Maxick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Saldo" title="Monte Saldo">Monte Saldo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcana" title="Vulcana">Vulcana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Walker_(weightlifter)" title="Ronald Walker (weightlifter)">Ronald Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Diana_Watts" title="Emily Diana Watts">Emily Diana Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Welsh" title="Freddie Welsh">Freddie Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Atlas" title="Charles Atlas">Charles Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Bass" title="Clarence Bass">Clarence Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_Bennett" title="Sanford Bennett">Sanford Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Berry_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Berry (author)">Mark Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bonomo_(strongman)" title="Joe Bonomo (strongman)">Joe Bonomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brosius" title="George Brosius">George Brosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Sr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr.">Drexel Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bjelke_Petersen" title="Marie Bjelke Petersen">Marie Bjelke Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blaikie" title="William Blaikie">William Blaikie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bragg" title="Paul Bragg">Paul Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Calvert" title="Alan Calvert">Alan Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Checkley" title="Edwin Checkley">Edwin Checkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Ward_Crampton" title="C. Ward Crampton">C. Ward Crampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Delinger" title="Jack Delinger">Jack Delinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Durlacher" title="Ludwig Durlacher">Ludwig Durlacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eiferman" title="George Eiferman">George Eiferman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrica_Le_Favre" title="Carrica Le Favre">Carrica Le Favre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keene_Fitzpatrick" title="Keene Fitzpatrick">Keene Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Forest" title="Mark Forest">Mark Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fury" title="Ed Fury">Ed Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gagnon" title="John B. Gagnon">John B. Gagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Gironda" title="Vince Gironda">Vince Gironda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Greenstein" title="Joe Greenstein">Joe Greenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Grimek" title="John Grimek">John Grimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Hastings" title="Milo Hastings">Milo Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hilligenn" title="Roy Hilligenn">Roy Hilligenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoffman_(sports_promoter)" title="Bob Hoffman (sports promoter)">Bob Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Jowett" title="George F. Jowett">George F. Jowett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Kellerman" title="Annette Kellerman">Annette Kellerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegmund_Klein" title="Siegmund Klein">Siegmund Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_LaLanne" title="Jack LaLanne">Jack LaLanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._C._Latson" title="W. R. C. Latson">W. R. C. Latson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian_Lewis" title="Diocletian Lewis">Diocletian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilman_Low" title="Gilman Low">Gilman Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lurie" title="Dan Lurie">Dan Lurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernarr_Macfadden" title="Bernarr Macfadden">Bernarr Macfadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_McGovern" title="Artie McGovern">Artie McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Muldoon" title="William Muldoon">William Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Parcaut" title="Ralph Parcaut">Ralph Parcaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kid_Parker" title="Kid Parker">Kid Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Paschall" title="Harry Paschall">Harry Paschall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Pearl" title="Bill Pearl">Bill Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Reeves" title="Steve Reeves">Steve Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Robert" title="Leo Robert">Leo Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Rollino" title="Joe Rollino">Joe Rollino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Sansone" title="Tony Sansone">Tony Sansone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Allen_Sargent" title="Dudley Allen Sargent">Dudley Allen Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Scott_(bodybuilder)" title="Larry Scott (bodybuilder)">Larry Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Alonzo_Stagg" title="Amos Alonzo Stagg">Amos Alonzo Stagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_P._Swoboda" title="Alois P. Swoboda">Alois P. Swoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Tanny" title="Armand Tanny">Armand Tanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Tanny" title="Vic Tanny">Vic Tanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Terpak" title="John Terpak">John Terpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Lincoln_Travis" title="Warren Lincoln Travis">Warren Lincoln Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Treloar" title="Al Treloar">Al Treloar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turners" title="Turners">Turners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_physical_culture_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional physical culture of India">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodybuilding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Aich" title="Manohar Aich">Manohar Aich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Balsekar" title="Ramesh Balsekar">Ramesh Balsekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gama" title="The Great Gama">The Great Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_Charan_Guha" title="Ambika Charan Guha">Ambika Charan Guha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Charan_Guho" title="Jatindra Charan Guho">Jatindra Charan Guho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hanuman" title="Guru Hanuman">Guru Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. 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