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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Circassians in Saudi Arabia</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="ady">СаIудий Хьэрыпыем ис Адыгэхэр (<a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>)<br />الشركس في السعودية (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mecca_prayer,_1889.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-250px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-375px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-500px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1142" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Kaaba in Mecca, 19th century, when the Circassians arrived in the region.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">15,000-25,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Circassian_languages" title="Circassian languages">Circassian languages</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">East Circassian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">West Circassian</a> dialects)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">other <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Circassians in Saudi Arabia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>: <span lang="ady">СаIудий Хьэрыпыем ис Адыгэхэр</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Adyghe-language romanization"><i lang="ady-Latn">Sa'udiy Hərıpıyem yis Adıgəxer</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الشركس في السعودية</span>) are a small group of <a href="/wiki/Circassian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassian people">Circassians</a> who live in the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a>, where they arrived from their homeland <a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a>. There is no official source on their population, but numerous sources state between 15,000-25,000. They are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_wave_of_arrivals_(1864-1880s)"><span id="First_wave_of_arrivals_.281864-1880s.29"></span>First wave of arrivals (1864-1880s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First wave of arrivals (1864-1880s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a>, at least 500,000 Circassians were exiled into Ottoman territory. Circassians who were exiled to Ottoman lands initially suffered heavy tolls. The Circassians were initially housed in schools and mosques or had to live in caves until their resettlement. The Ottoman authorities assigned lands for Circassian settlers close to regular water sources and grain fields. Numerous died in transit to their new homes from disease and poor conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogan199973_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199973-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Circassians settled in Arab majority lands, the <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin Arabs</a> viewed them very negatively. The mutual hostility between the Circassians and their Arab neighbors led to many clashes. Despite the superiority of Bedouin arms and mobility, the Circassians maintained their positions and population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogan199974–76_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199974–76-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_wave_of_arrivals_(2011-2021)"><span id="Second_wave_of_arrivals_.282011-2021.29"></span>Second wave of arrivals (2011-2021)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second wave of arrivals (2011-2021)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, unrest in Syria grew out of discontent with the Syrian government and escalated to an armed conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Circassians in Syria were heavily effected and some fled to Saudi Arabia, which created the second "Circassian wave" in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/arena">"Главная страница проекта 'Арена' : Некоммерческая Исследовательская Служба СРЕДА"</a>. Sreda.org. 19 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0+%27%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%27+%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%94%D0%90&rft.pub=Sreda.org&rft.date=2012-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsreda.org%2Farena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircassians+in+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199973-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogan199973_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogan1999">Rogan 1999</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199974–76-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogan199974–76_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogan1999">Rogan 1999</a>, pp. 74–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868">"Syria: The story of the conflict"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622052951/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Syria%3A+The+story+of+the+conflict&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-26116868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircassians+in+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/world/middleeast/26syria.html">"Syrian Troops Open Fire on Protestors in Several Cities"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 25 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621011638/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/world/middleeast/26syria.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Syrian+Troops+Open+Fire+on+Protestors+in+Several+Cities&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F26%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F26syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircassians+in+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12749674">"Mid-East unrest: Syrian protests in Damascus and Aleppo"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2011-03-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721134738/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12749674">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mid-East+unrest%3A+Syrian+protests+in+Damascus+and+Aleppo&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-12749674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircassians+in+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan1999" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Eugene L. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMAbXGQDmDYC"><i>Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-66312-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-66312-1"><bdi>0-521-66312-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+State+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire%3A+Transjordan%2C+1850%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-66312-1&rft.aulast=Rogan&rft.aufirst=Eugene+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAMAbXGQDmDYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircassians+in+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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