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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Bava Batra</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Babylonian_Talmud,_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Babylonian_Talmud%2C_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg/220px-Babylonian_Talmud%2C_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Babylonian_Talmud%2C_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg/330px-Babylonian_Talmud%2C_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Babylonian_Talmud%2C_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg/440px-Babylonian_Talmud%2C_Tractate_Bava_Batra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1467" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">Tractate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">English:</th><td class="infobox-data">Last Gate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Seder:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nezikin" title="Nezikin">Nezikin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Number of <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">mishnahs</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">86</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Chapters:</th><td class="infobox-data">10</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Talmud#Talmud_Bavli_(Babylonian_Talmud)" title="Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> pages:</th><td class="infobox-data">176</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> pages:</th><td class="infobox-data">34</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> chapters:</th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia">Bava Metzia</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_(tractate)" title="Sanhedrin (tractate)">Sanhedrin</a> →</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bava Batra</b> (also <b>Baba Batra</b>; <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic language">Jewish Babylonian Aramaic</a>: <span lang="tmr" dir="rtl">בָּבָא בַּתְרָא</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic-language romanization"><i lang="tmr-Latn">bāvā baṯrā</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'The Last Gate') is the third of the three Talmudic tractates in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> in the order <a href="/wiki/Nezikin" title="Nezikin">Nezikin</a>; it deals with a person's responsibilities and rights as the owner of property. It is part of Judaism's <a href="/wiki/Oral_Torah" title="Oral Torah">oral law</a>. Originally it, together with <a href="/wiki/Bava_Kamma" title="Bava Kamma">Bava Kamma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia">Bava Metzia</a>, formed a single tractate called <i>Nezikin</i> (torts or damages). </p><p>Unlike Bava Kamma and Bava Metzia, this tractate is not the exposition of a certain passage in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mishnah">Mishnah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mishnah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mishnah is divided into ten chapters, as follows: </p> <ul><li>Regulations relating to jointly owned property (chapter 1)</li> <li>Responsibilities of a property owner towards his neighbor (chapter 2)</li> <li>Established rights of ownership and rights connected with property (chapter 3)</li> <li>Laws referring to the acquisition of property by purchase, as also what constitutes an unclean vessel when purchased from a Gentile (chapters 4–7)</li> <li>Laws of inheritance (chapters 8–9)</li> <li>Laws concerning documents (chapter 10)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_ownership">Joint ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Joint ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapter 1: Joint owners of property may dissolve a partnership and divide the property, if the parties consent, except in the case regarding a volume of the Bible, which may not be divided (literally, torn in half) under any circumstances. Things which lose their value on division can only be divided if all the owners consent. Except in these cases, either party has a right to insist on a division of the property. In the case where a courtyard (<i>hatzer</i>) is owned by several partners, each of them has to contribute to the usual requirements of a court; if they divide it, a partition wall or fence must be erected in accordance with certain rules. The previous partners are now neighbors; and their relations are described in chapter 2. </p><p>A courtyard less than 8 <i><a href="/wiki/Cubit#Biblical_cubit" title="Cubit">amot</a></i> (approx. 18 inches × 8 = 12ft) can only be divided if both partners agree to the division. Depending on how the Mishnah is read, this division is either with a low row of wooden pegs (which shows that visual trespass is not damaging) or a four <i>amot</i> (approx. 72 inches) high stone wall (which shows that visual trespass is considered damaging). If both partners agree to the stone wall, it is built in the middle. The lesson taught here is that if one partner owns more property, he does not need to contribute more space for the stones of the wall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuisance">Nuisance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nuisance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapter 2: The fundamental rule about neighboring property is that the owner of the adjoining property must avoid everything that might prove a nuisance to the neighbor, or become a source of injury to the neighbor's property. "The noise of a smith's hammer, of a mill, or of children in school, is not to be considered a nuisance" (2:3). Disputes as regards to injury or nuisance are generally settled by the fact of prior or established rights (<a href="/wiki/Chazakah" title="Chazakah">Chazakah</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chazakah">Chazakah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chazakah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapter 3: <a href="/wiki/Chazakah" title="Chazakah">Chazakah</a> (presumptive right, possession <i>de facto</i>) is proved by the undisturbed exercise of such a right during a certain period (three years), such as the <a href="/wiki/Usucaption#Jewish_rabbinic_law" title="Usucaption">usucaption</a> of property, in spite of the presence of the rival claimant in the same "land." In this respect <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> was divided into three "lands" or districts (3: 2): <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perea_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (region)">Perea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_of_property">Acquisition of property</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Acquisition of property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the transfer of a house, a court, a winepress, a bath, a township, or a field, much depends on the meaning of these terms, which are fully defined in chapter 4. For example: "He that sells an <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_extraction#Olive_presses" title="Olive oil extraction">olive press</a> has <i><a href="/wiki/Ipso_facto" title="Ipso facto">ipso facto</a></i> sold therewith the lower millstone (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">ים</span>) and the upper grinding-stone (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">ממל</span>), etc."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Mishnah similar definitions are given of a boat, a cart, a yoke of oxen, and the like (5:1–5). In selling the produce of the field care must be taken that there be no deviation from the conditions of the sale as regards quality and quantity, lest the sale be declared invalid (<i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">mekach ta'ut</i></span></i>, 5:6–6:3). Various problems resulting from the sale of property, of a house, or of a piece of land are discussed in the Mishnah (6:4–7); among them the sale of land for a burial ground for a family, or the undertaking by a workman to prepare it (6:8). The burial-place is described as follows: "A cave hewn out in a rock 4 cubits broad and 6 cubits long (or, according to R. Simeon, 6 by 8 cubits); along the length of the cave on each side there are three graves of 4 cubits long, 1 cubit broad, and 7 handbreadths ('<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">ṭefaḥim</i></span>') high; and 2 such graves in the back of the cave. In front of the cave was the court ('<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">hatzer</i></span>') 6 by 6 cubits, so as to afford sufficient room for the bier and the persons attending the burial." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laws_of_inheritance">Laws of inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Laws of inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The laws of inheritance are based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0427.htm#8">Numbers 27:8–11</a>, as interpreted by tradition. Among these is the rule that the husband inherits the property of his deceased wife, her claim in case of the husband's death being settled in the <a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">ketubah</a>. Another rule gives to the first-born son a double share of his deceased father's property. Thus the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Zelophehad" title="Daughters of Zelophehad">daughters of Zelophehad</a> are said to have claimed, as their father's property, three shares of the Holy Land (which is assumed to have been divided among the 600,000 men brought out of Egypt); namely, the share of Zelophehad and, as a first-born son of Hefer, a double share of the property of his deceased father (8:3). These laws do not interfere with the right of a man to donate his property according to his pleasure (8:5). </p><p>Complicated cases are dealt with in chapter 9; such as the simultaneous claims of the heirs, the wife, and the creditors of the deceased; or the conflicting claims of the heirs of the husband and of those of the wife, where the husband and wife are found dead at the same time; the heirs of the former contending that she died first, and that by her death her property became the property of the husband; while the other party contends that he died first, and that the wife's heirs inherit her property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulations_about_documents">Regulations about documents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regulations about documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As legal documents are of great importance in the problems dealt with in the three Babas, chapter 10 contains regulations concerning the writing of such documents. Of these one peculiarity may be mentioned; namely, the difference between <i>get pashut</i>, a simple, unfolded document, and <i>get mekushar</i>, a folded document. The latter was prepared in the following way: When a line or two had been written the parchment was folded and one witness signed on the back of the document; this operation was repeated as many times as the parties concerned liked. This method, requiring a longer time for the execution of the document, is said to have been originally introduced for the writing of a letter of divorce in the case of hasty and passionate husbands (especially priests who were prevented by law from remarrying their divorced wives), to give them time to calm down.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massekta of the three Babas closes with a general remark on the educational value of the study of civil law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gemara">Gemara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gemara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> on Bava Batra consists of 176 folios (double-sided pages), making it the longest tractate of the Talmud. </p><p>The two Gemaras discuss and explain the laws of the Mishnah and add many fresh problems, especially the Babylonian Gemara. The Jerusalem Gemara is very short, and contains little new matter. The Babylonian gemara includes the following topics and passages: </p> <ul><li>Page 3b: One synagogue must not be pulled down before another is built. <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod</a>, by virtue of his authority as king, ignored the rule, and pulled down the Temple before the new one was built. The story of Herod and Mariamne and a narrative of other incidents of Herod's reign are attached.</li></ul> <ul><li>7b: Every member of the community is compelled to contribute his share toward the building of gates, walls, etc., of his place.</li></ul> <ul><li>10a: <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Tineius_Rufus_(consul_127)" title="Quintus Tineius Rufus (consul 127)">Turnus Rufus</a> asked <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">Rabbi Akiva</a>, "If your God is a friend of the poor, why does He not give them sufficient to live upon comfortably?" To which Akiva responded, "That we may have opportunity for good actions." There are ten powerful things; and these are overcome by stronger things: a mountain by iron; iron by fire; fire by water; water is borne by the clouds; these are dispersed by the wind; the wind is borne by the human body; the latter is broken down by fear; fear is expelled by wine; wine is overcome by sleep; death is harder than all these, and yet "charity" (<i>tzedakah</i>) saves from death.</li></ul> <ul><li>14b: The order of the <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a> is: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and the twelve minor Prophets. Kings is followed by Jeremiah because Kings ends with the Exile, and Jeremiah deals with the same subject; Ezekiel precedes Isaiah, because the former ends with the rebuilding of the Temple, and Isaiah's prophecies throughout contain comforting hopes and promises. The order of the <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a> is Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Daniel, Esther, Ezra (including Nehemiah), and Chronicles. Moses wrote his book, including the section about Balaam, and Job. Joshua wrote his book and the last eight verses of the Pentateuch.</li></ul> <ul><li>21a: At first every father had to teach his children. A large school was then opened in Jerusalem; and after that schools were established in every community. At first they were attended only by youths of sixteen or seventeen years; but Joshua b. Gamla introduced the custom that children of six or seven years should attend the schools: interesting regulations are added concerning the location of public schools, the number of pupils for each class, and the like.</li></ul> <ul><li>58b: The elders of the Jews say, "A judge who has to be summoned to the court, and ordered by the court to pay his debt, is unfit to act as judge."</li></ul> <ul><li>73b et seq.: The wondrous tales of <a href="/wiki/Rabbah_bar_bar_Hana" title="Rabbah bar bar Hana">Rabbah bar bar Hana</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>74b: Legends about Leviathan, and about the wonderful changes in the days of Messiah.</li></ul> <ul><li>121a: Connection of the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Tu_B%27Av" title="Tu B'Av">Tu B'Av</a> with the reconciliation between the Benjamites and the rest of the Israelites.</li> <li>144b-146b: Marital issues, including reciprocal wedding gifts by a <a href="/wiki/Groomsman" title="Groomsman">groomsman</a>; disposition of <a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">ketubah</a> money in cases of adultery, rape, or the divorce or death of the betrothed man; bridal gifts by the groom; and the groom's feast.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>145b: Three types of rabbinic scholars: experts in homiletical <a href="/wiki/Aggadah" title="Aggadah">aggadah</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Pilpul" title="Pilpul">analysis (pilpul)</a>, and in Talmudic reasoning.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>146a: Anosmia, a disabiility with the sense of smell, of a betrothed woman.</li></ul> <p>The Gemaras also contain the following interesting homiletic interpretation of Biblical passages: </p> <ul><li>Zephaniah 2:1: "Hitkosheshu vakoshu" ("Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together"). "Kashet atzmecha, ve-achar kach kashet acherim" ("Improve thyself first, and then improve others") (60b).</li></ul> <ul><li>Numbers 21:27 ("Wherefore they that speak in proverbs say, 'Come ye to Heshbon'") - "Thus shall they that control themselves say, 'Come, let us reckon and compare the material loss caused by a good act with the reward, and the gain obtained through sinning, with the punishment; then thou wilt be built up and firmly established'" (78b, a play on "mashal," which also means "to rule," and on "Heshbon" = "reckoning").</li></ul> <ul><li>Proverbs 15:15: "All the days of the poor are troublesome"—this applies to the students of Gemara, "but he who is of a cheerful heart hath a continual feast"—this applies to the students of the Mishnah (145b).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentaries">Commentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Commentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commentary of <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> on the Babylonian Talmud Baba Batra ends at the beginning of chapter 3; its place is taken by that of his grandson, <a href="/wiki/Rashbam" title="Rashbam">Rashbam</a>, from chapter 3 to the end of the tractate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The lower millstone, etc." Translation here follows the interpretation of the Hebrew words <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ים</span>‎ = <i>yam</i>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ממל</span>‎ = <i>memal</i>, as explained by Mishnaic exegetes <a href="/wiki/Hai_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai Gaon">Hai Gaon</a> (939–1038) on Mishnah (<i>Taharot</i> 10:8); <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Mishne_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishne Torah">Mishne Torah</a></i> (Hil. <i>Mekhirah</i> 25:7) as pointed out by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Vidal_of_Tolosa" title="Vidal of Tolosa">Vidal of Tolosa</a>; and by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Jehiel" title="Nathan ben Jehiel">Nathan ben Jehiel</a> (1035–1106) in his <i>Sefer ha-Arukh</i>, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ממל</span>‎; <a href="/wiki/Obadiah_Bartenura" class="mw-redirect" title="Obadiah Bartenura">Obadiah Bartenura</a> in his commentary on <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Maaserot" class="mw-redirect" title="Maaserot">Maaserot</a></i> 1:7), as well as by <a href="/wiki/Moses_Margolies" title="Moses Margolies">Moses Margolies</a> (1715–1781) in his commentary <i>P'nei Moshe</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> (<i>Baba Bathra</i> 4:5), among others.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bava Batra 160b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.144b.7">"Bava Batra 144b:7"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Bava+Batra+144b%3A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBava_Batra.144b.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABava+Batra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.145b.8">"Bava Batra 145b:8"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Bava+Batra+145b%3A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBava_Batra.145b.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABava+Batra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al., eds. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2274-baba-batra">"BABA BATRA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BABA+BATRA&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F2274-baba-batra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABava+Batra" class="Z3988"></span> Its Bibliography: <i>Ḥiddushe Geonim</i> on <a href="/wiki/Baba_%E1%B8%B2amma" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Ḳamma">Baba Ḳamma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia">B. Meẓi'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica">Salonica</a>, 1728; <i>Ḥiddushe R. <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_ben_Aderet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shlomo ben Aderet">Solomon b. Adret</a></i> on Baba Ḳamma, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, 1756; <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Ashkenazi" title="Bezalel Ashkenazi">Bezalel Ashkenazi</a>, <i>Shiṭṭah Meḳubbeẓet</i> on Baba Ḳamma, Baba Meẓi'a, and Baba Batra; <a href="/wiki/Na%E1%B8%A5manides" class="mw-redirect" title="Naḥmanides">Naḥmanides</a> (Ramban), Baba Batra; <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></i>, books xi., xii., xiii.; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Asher" title="Jacob ben Asher">Jacob ben Asheri</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%ACur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṭur">Ṭur</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4oshen_Mishpa%E1%B9%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ">Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ</a></i>, p. cxxxv. to end; Moses Benjamin, <i>Ma'aseh Rab</i>, on The Tales of <a href="/wiki/Rabbah_bar_bar_Hana" title="Rabbah bar bar Hana">Rabbah bar Ḥanah</a>; E. Guttmacher, <i>Ẓaphenath Pa'aneaḥ</i>, on the same. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/b/h/h43.htm">Mishnah Bava Batra text in Hebrew</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Bava_Batra.1?lang=bi">Full Hebrew and English text of the Mishnah for tractate Bava Batra</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.2a?lang=bi">Full Hebrew and English text of the Talmud Bavli for tractate Bava Batra</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bava_Batra.1a?lang=bi">Full Hebrew text of the Talmud Yerushalmi for tractate Bava Batra</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Tosefta_Bava_Batra?lang=bi">Full Hebrew text of the Tosefta for tractate Bava Batra</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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padding:3px;background:#C0FFC0;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(tractate)" title="Berakhot (tractate)">Berakhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%27ah" title="Pe'ah">Pe'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demai_(tractate)" title="Demai (tractate)">Demai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(tractate)" title="Kil'ayim (tractate)">Kil'ayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevi%27it_(tractate)" title="Shevi'it (tractate)">Shevi'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terumot" title="Terumot">Terumot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27aserot" title="Ma'aserot">Ma'aserot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27aser_Sheni" title="Ma'aser Sheni">Ma'aser Sheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah_(tractate)" title="Challah (tractate)">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlah_(tractate)" title="Orlah (tractate)">Orlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikkurim_(tractate)" title="Bikkurim (tractate)">Bikkurim</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center; padding:3px;background:#C0EFEE;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruvin_(Talmud)" title="Eruvin (Talmud)">Eruvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesachim_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesachim (tractate)">Pesahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekalim_(Tractate)" title="Shekalim (Tractate)">Shekalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Yoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah_(Talmud)" title="Sukkah (Talmud)">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitza" title="Beitza">Beitza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah_(tractate)" title="Rosh Hashanah (tractate)">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27anit_(Talmud)" title="Ta'anit (Talmud)">Ta'anit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megillah_(Talmud)" title="Megillah (Talmud)">Megillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%27ed_Katan" title="Mo'ed Katan">Mo'ed Katan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagigah" title="Hagigah">Hagigah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center; padding:3px;background:#F5CEC3;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevamot" title="Yevamot">Yevamot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketubot_(tractate)" title="Ketubot (tractate)">Ketubot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedarim_(Talmud)" title="Nedarim (Talmud)">Nedarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazir_(Talmud)" title="Nazir (Talmud)">Nazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotah_(Talmud)" title="Sotah (Talmud)">Sotah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gittin" title="Gittin">Gittin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddushin_(Talmud)" title="Kiddushin (Talmud)">Kiddushin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center; padding:3px;background:#FFD199;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bava_Kamma" title="Bava Kamma">Bava Kamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia">Bava Metzia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bava Batra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_(tractate)" title="Sanhedrin (tractate)">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makkot" title="Makkot">Makkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevu%27ot" title="Shevu'ot">Shevu'ot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduyot_(Talmud)" title="Eduyot (Talmud)">Eduyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah" title="Avodah Zarah">Avodah Zarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avot" title="Pirkei Avot">Avot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horayot" title="Horayot">Horayot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center; padding:3px;background:#EEFFA3;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zevachim" title="Zevachim">Zevachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachot" title="Menachot">Menachot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hullin" title="Hullin">Hullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekhorot" title="Bekhorot">Bekhorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakhin" title="Arakhin">Arakhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temurah_(Talmud)" title="Temurah (Talmud)">Temurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keritot" title="Keritot">Keritot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%27ilah" title="Me'ilah">Me'ilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamid" title="Tamid">Tamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)" title="Middot (Talmud)">Middot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnim" title="Kinnim">Kinnim</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center; padding:3px;background:#E8ECF2;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keilim" title="Keilim">Keilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oholot" title="Oholot">Oholot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nega%27im" title="Nega'im">Nega'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parah" title="Parah">Parah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohorot_(tractate)" title="Tohorot (tractate)">Tohorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikva%27ot" title="Mikva'ot">Mikva'ot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah_(Talmud)" title="Niddah (Talmud)">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhshirin" title="Makhshirin">Makhshirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavim" title="Zavim">Zavim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevul_Yom" title="Tevul Yom">Tevul Yom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadayim" title="Yadayim">Yadayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uktzim" title="Uktzim">Uktzim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&oldid=1258161915">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bava_Batra&oldid=1258161915</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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