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light</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ultraviolet light"> <meta name="keywords" content="ultraviolet light"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ultraviolet light"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 300</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ultraviolet light</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Reflector Arrangement Effect on Ultraviolet Lamp Performance by CFX Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Sidharta">William Sidharta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Tu%20Lu"> Chin-Tu Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluorescent ultraviolet lamp generates ultraviolet light which is commonly used in industrial field with certain purposes especially for curing process. Due to the value of inefficiency, there are changes in energy from electrical energy to the heat energy and this would make a defect on the industrial product caused by high temperature of lamp tube during ultraviolet light emission. The condition of industrial scale is further worsening, since commonly using dozens of fluorescent ultraviolet lamps to support huge production process and then it will generates much more heat energy. The maximum temperature of fluorescent ultraviolet lamp will get affected by arranging the lamp tube reflector and this study presents CFX simulation results of the maximum lamp tube temperature with some different reflector arrangements on purely natural convection phenomena. There exists certain spaces value of the reflector and the lamp tube to obtaining lower maximum temperature of the fluorescent ultraviolet lamp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFX%20simulation" title="CFX simulation">CFX simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescent%20UV%20lamp" title=" fluorescent UV lamp"> fluorescent UV lamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamp%20tube%20reflector" title=" lamp tube reflector"> lamp tube reflector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20light" title=" UV light "> UV light </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25442/reflector-arrangement-effect-on-ultraviolet-lamp-performance-by-cfx-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Research on the Optical Properties and Polymerization Environment of Broadband Reflective Films in the Visible Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Miao">Z. Miao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chu"> Y. Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Zhang"> Y. Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unique cholesteric phase liquid crystals obtained by mixing nematic liquid crystals with chiral dopants have gained valuable applications in the display field for their selective reflection and circular dichroism properties. The periodic arrangement of the helical structure of cholesteric liquid crystals makes it possible to produce Bragg reflection of circularly polarized light irradiated perpendicularly to the liquid crystals and, therefore, to acquire semi- or fully reflective surfaces or films. If the polymer-liquid crystal composites are combined with polymeric monomers, commercialized reflective broadband films can be fabricated. In this study, the polymer-liquid crystal composites reflecting visible light region (wavelength centered at 550 nm) were studied to analyze the effects of AC electric field at different voltages and frequencies on the optical texture of the composites, as well as the effects of polymerization temperature and ultraviolet (UV) intensity on the polymerization reaction and reflection bandwidth. The optimal sample was finally obtained at 100Hz, 120V, 30℃, 1.00 mW/cm², which provides a research suggestion to solve the influencing factors of visible light reflection bandwidths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesteric%20liquid%20crystal" title="cholesteric liquid crystal">cholesteric liquid crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20bandwidths" title=" reflection bandwidths"> reflection bandwidths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20dielectric%20anisotropy" title=" negative dielectric anisotropy"> negative dielectric anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planar%20texture" title=" planar texture"> planar texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157429/research-on-the-optical-properties-and-polymerization-environment-of-broadband-reflective-films-in-the-visible-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Traffic Light Detection Using Image Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishnavi%20Shivde">Vaishnavi Shivde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrishti%20Sinha"> Shrishti Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trapti%20Mishra"> Trapti Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic light detection from a moving vehicle is an important technology both for driver safety assistance functions as well as for autonomous driving in the city. This paper proposed a deep-learning-based trafﬁc light recognition method that consists of a pixel-wise image segmentation technique and a fully convolutional network i.e., UNET architecture. This paper has used a method for detecting the position and recognizing the state of the traffic lights in video sequences is presented and evaluated using Traffic Light Dataset which contains masked traffic light image data. The first stage is the detection, which is accomplished through image processing (image segmentation) techniques such as image cropping, color transformation, segmentation of possible traffic lights. The second stage is the recognition, which means identifying the color of the traffic light or knowing the state of traffic light which is achieved by using a Convolutional Neural Network (UNET architecture). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20light%20detection" title="traffic light detection">traffic light detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20networks" title=" convolutional neural networks"> convolutional neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137254/traffic-light-detection-using-image-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Dependence of Photocurrent on UV Wavelength in ZnO/Pt Bottom-Contact Schottky Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byoungho%20Lee">Byoungho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changmin%20Kim"> Changmin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngmin%20Lee"> Youngmin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sejoon%20Lee"> Sejoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deuk%20Young%20Kim"> Deuk Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We fabricated the bottom-contacted ZnO/Pt Schottky diode and investigated the dependence of its photocurrent on the wavelength of illuminated ultraviolet (UV) light source. The bottom-contacted Schottky diode was devised by growing (000l) ZnO on (111) Pt, and the fabricated device showed a strong dependence on the UV wavelength for its photo-response characteristics. When longer-wavelength-UV (e.g., UV-A) was illuminated on the device, the photo-current was increased by a factor of 200, compared to that under illumination of shorter-wavelength-UV (e.g., UV-C). The behavior is attributed to the wavelength-dependent UV penetration depth for ZnO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title="ZnO">ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV" title=" UV"> UV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diode" title=" Schottky diode"> Schottky diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocurrent" title=" photocurrent"> photocurrent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45500/dependence-of-photocurrent-on-uv-wavelength-in-znopt-bottom-contact-schottky-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Application of UV-C Irradiation on Quality and Textural Properties of Button Mushrooms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti">M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yoosefian.%20A.%20Mohammad-%20Razdari"> S. H. Yoosefian. A. Mohammad- Razdari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of 1.0 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light on pH, weight loss, color, and firmness of button mushroom (<em>Agaricus bisporus</em>) tissues during 21-days storage at 4 ºC was studied. UV-C irradiation enhanced pH, weight, color parameters, and firmness of mushroom during storage compared to control treatment. However, application of 1.0 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> UV-C treatment could effectively induce the increase of weight loss, firmness, and pH to 14.53%, 49.82%, and 10.39%, respectively. These results suggest that the application of UV-C irradiation could be an effective method to maintain the postharvest quality of mushrooms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mushroom" title="mushroom">mushroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20film" title=" polyethylene film"> polyethylene film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-c%20irradiation" title=" UV-c irradiation"> UV-c irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54384/application-of-uv-c-irradiation-on-quality-and-textural-properties-of-button-mushrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Synergistic Impacts and Optimization of Gas Flow Rate, Concentration of CO2, and Light Intensity on CO2 Biofixation in Wastewater Medium by Chlorella vulgaris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Arkoazi">Ahmed Arkoazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Znad"> Hussein Znad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjeet%20Utikar"> Ranjeet Utikar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synergistic impact and optimization of gas flow rate, concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>, and light intensity on CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation rate were investigated using wastewater as a medium to cultivate <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> under different conditions (gas flow rate 1-8 L/min), CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (0.03-7%), and light intensity (150-400 µmol/m<sup>2</sup>.s)). Response Surface Methodology and Box-Behnken experimental Design were applied to find optimum values for gas flow rate, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and light intensity. The optimum values of the three independent variables (gas flow rate, concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>, and light intensity) and desirability were 7.5 L/min, 3.5%, and 400 µmol/m<sup>2</sup>.s, and 0.904, respectively. The highest amount of biomass produced and CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation rate at optimum conditions were 5.7 g/L, 1.23 gL<sup>-1</sup>d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The synergistic effect between gas flow rate and concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>, and between gas flow rate and light intensity was significant on the three responses, while the effect between CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and light intensity was less significant on CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation rate. The results of this study could be highly helpful when using microalgae for CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation in wastewater treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20column%20reactor" title="bubble column reactor">bubble column reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20holdup" title=" gas holdup"> gas holdup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title=" hydrodynamics"> hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparger" title=" sparger"> sparger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112244/synergistic-impacts-and-optimization-of-gas-flow-rate-concentration-of-co2-and-light-intensity-on-co2-biofixation-in-wastewater-medium-by-chlorella-vulgaris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Analytical Derivative: Importance on Environment and Water Analysis/Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesoji%20Sodeinde">Adesoji Sodeinde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analytical derivatives has recently undergone an explosive growth in areas of separation techniques, likewise in detectability of certain compound/concentrated ions. The gloomy and depressing scenario which charaterized the application of analytical derivatives in areas of water analysis, water cycle and the environment should not be allowed to continue unabated. Due to technological advancement in various chemical/biochemical analysis separation techniques is widely used in areas of medical, forensic and to measure and assesses environment and social-economic impact of alternative control strategies. This technological improvement was dully established in the area of comparison between certain separation/detection techniques to bring about vital result in forensic[as Gas liquid chromatography reveals the evidence given in court of law during prosecution of drunk drivers]. The water quality analysis,pH and water temperature analysis can be performed in the field, the concentration of dissolved free amino-acid [DFAA] can also be detected through separation techniques. Some important derivatives/ions used in separation technique. Water analysis : Total water hardness [EDTA to determine ca and mg ions]. Gas liquid chromatography : innovative gas such as helium [He] or nitrogen [N] Water cycle : Animal bone charcoal,activated carbon and ultraviolet light [U.V light]. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20derivative" title="analytical derivative">analytical derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20analysis" title=" water analysis"> water analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%2Fbiochemical%20analysis" title=" chemical/biochemical analysis "> chemical/biochemical analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30863/analytical-derivative-importance-on-environment-and-water-analysiscycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Elaboration and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Therapeutic and Environmental Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manel%20Bouloudenine">Manel Bouloudenine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Djeddou"> Karima Djeddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjer%20Ben%20Manser"> Hadjer Ben Manser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Soualah%20Alila"> Hana Soualah Alila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohmed%20Bououdina"> Mohmed Bououdina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This survey research involves the elaboration and characterization of silver nanoparticles for therapeutic and environmental applications. The silver nanoparticles "Ag NPs" were synthesized by reducing AgNO3 with microwaves. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by using Transmission Electron Microscopy " TEM ", Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy "EDS", Selected Area Electron Diffraction "SEAD", UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering "DLS". Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction have confirmed the nanoscale, the shape, and the crystalline quality of as synthesized silver nanoparticles. Elementary analysis has proved the purity of Ag NPs and the presence of the Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon "SPR". A strong absorption shift was observed in the visible range of the UV-visible spectrum of as synthesized Ag NPs, which indicates the presence of metallic silver. When the strong absorption in the ultraviolet range of the spectrum has revealed the presence of ionic Ag NPs ionic Ag aggregates species. The autocorrelation function measured by the Dynamic Light Scattering has shown a strong monodispersed character of Ag NPs, which is indicated by the presence of a single size population, with a minima and a maxima laying between 40 and 111 nm. Related to other research, our results confirm the performance properties of as synthesized Ag NPs, which allows them to be performing in many technological applications, including therapeutic and environmental ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silvers%20nanoparticles" title="silvers nanoparticles">silvers nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwaves" title=" microwaves"> microwaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDS" title=" EDS"> EDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146054/elaboration-and-characterization-of-silver-nanoparticles-for-therapeutic-and-environmental-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Microfluidic Based High Throughput Screening System for Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rina%20Lee">Rina Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Hun%20Oh"> Chung-Hun Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunjin%20Lee"> Eunjin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongyun%20Kim"> Jeongyun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses a photosensitizer as a drug to damage and kill cancer cells. After injecting the photosensitizer into the bloodstream, the drug is absorbed by cancer cells selectively. Then the area to be treated is exposed to specific wavelengths of light and the photosensitizer produces a form of oxygen that kills nearby cancer cells. PDT is has an advantage to destroy the tumor with minimized side-effects on normal cells. But, PDT is not a completed method for cancer therapy. Because the mechanism of PDT is quite clear yet and the parameters such as intensity of light and dose of photosensitizer are not optimized for different types of cancers. To optimize these parameters, we suggest a novel microfluidic system to automatically control intensity of light exposure with a personal computer (PC). A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip is composed with (1) a cell culture channels layer where cancer cells were trapped to be tested with various dosed photofrin (1μg/ml used for the test) as the photosensitizer and (2) a color dye layer as a neutral density (ND) filter to reduce intensity of light which exposes the cell culture channels filled with cancer cells. Eight different intensity of light (10%, 20%, …, 100%) are generated through various concentrations of blue dye filling the ND filter. As a light source, a light emitting diode (LED) with 635nm wavelength was placed above the developed PDMS microfluidic chip. The total time for light exposure was 30 minutes and HeLa and PC3 cell lines of cancer cells were tested. The cell viability of cells was evaluated with a Live/Dead assay kit (L-3224, Invitrogen, USA). The stronger intensity of light exposed, the lower viability of the cell was observed, and vice versa. Therefore, this system was demonstrated through investigating the PDT against cancer cell to optimize the parameters as critical light intensity and dose of photosensitizer. Our results suggest that the system can be used for optimizing the combinational parameters of light intensity and photosensitizer dose against diverse cancer cell types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodynamic%20therapy" title="photodynamic therapy">photodynamic therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photofrin" title=" photofrin"> photofrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20throughput%20screening" title=" high throughput screening"> high throughput screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hela" title=" hela"> hela</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30549/microfluidic-based-high-throughput-screening-system-for-photodynamic-therapy-against-cancer-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> The Development of Micro Patterns Using Benchtop Lithography for Marine Antifouling Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicia%20Wong%20Yen%20Myan">Felicia Wong Yen Myan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Walker"> James Walker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of micro topographies usually begins with the fabrication of a master stamp. Fabrication of such small structures can be technically challenging and expensive. These techniques are often used for applications where patterns only cover a small surface area (e.g. semiconductors, microfluidic channels). This research investigated the use of benchtop lithography to fabricate patterns with average widths of 50 and 100 microns on silicon wafer substrates. Further development of this method will attempt to layer patterns to create hierarchical structures. Photomasks consisted of patterns printed onto transparency films with a high resolution printer and a fully patterned 10cm by 10cm area has been successfully developed. UV exposure was carried out with a self-made array of ultraviolet LEDs that was positioned a distance above a glass diffuser. Observations under a light microscope and SEM showed that developed patterns exhibit an adequate degree of fidelity with patterns from the master stamp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithography" title="lithography">lithography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling" title=" antifouling"> antifouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine" title=" marine"> marine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtopography" title=" microtopography "> microtopography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4376/the-development-of-micro-patterns-using-benchtop-lithography-for-marine-antifouling-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Effects of Ultraviolet Treatment on Microbiological Load and Phenolic Content of Vegetable Juice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kubra%20Dogan">Kubra Dogan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Tornuk"> Fatih Tornuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to increasing consumer demand for the high-quality food products and awareness regarding the health benefits of different nutrients in food minimal processing becomes more popular in modern food preservation. To date, heat treatment is often used for inactivation of spoilage microorganisms in foods. However, it may cause significant changes in the quality and nutritional properties of food. In order to overcome the detrimental effects of heat treatment, several alternatives of non-thermal microbial inactivation processes have been investigated. Ultraviolet (UV) inactivation is a promising and feasible method for better quality and longer shelf life as an alternative to heat treatment, which aims to inhibit spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms and to inactivate the enzymes in vegetable juice production. UV-C is a sub-class of UV treatment which shows the highest microcidal effect between 250-270 nm. The wavelength of 254 nm is used for the surface disinfection of certain liquid food products such as vegetable juice. Effects of UV-C treatment on microbiological load and quality parameter of vegetable juice which is a mix of celery, carrot, lemon and orange was investigated. Our results showed that storing of UV-C applied vegetable juice for three months, reduced the count of TMAB by 3.5 log cfu/g and yeast-mold by 2 log cfu/g compared to control sample. Total phenolic content was found to be 514.3 ± 0.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/L, and there wasn’t a significant difference compared to control. The present work suggests that UV-C treatment is an alternative method for disinfection of vegetable juice since it enables adequate microbial inactivation, longer shelf life and has minimal effect on degradation of quality parameters of vegetable juice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title="heat treatment">heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20content" title=" phenolic content"> phenolic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20%28UV-C%29" title=" ultraviolet (UV-C)"> ultraviolet (UV-C)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20juice" title=" vegetable juice"> vegetable juice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86827/effects-of-ultraviolet-treatment-on-microbiological-load-and-phenolic-content-of-vegetable-juice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Properties of Modified Dry Masonry Mixtures for Effective Masonry Units</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vyacheslav%20S.%20Semenov">Vyacheslav S. Semenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20A.%20Rozovskaya"> Tamara A. Rozovskaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is devoted to the problem of the development of dry light-weight mixtures with hollow ceramics microspheres (CMS) for masonry works. For the one-layer fencing structures including effective masonry units, the use of “warm” masonry mortars is necessary. The used light-weight masonry mortars do not provide the brand strength and thermal uniformity of the fencing structures because of high average density. The CMS are effective light-weight aggregate for such mortars. The influence of the dosage of CMS on the physics-and-mechanics parameters and the technological properties of the masonry mortars were studied. The optimal mixture compositions have been obtained and their main properties have been determined. The influence of an air-entraining admixture and redispersible polymer powders on the average density and physics-and-mechanics parameters of the masonry mortars were studied. The optimal compositions of light-weight dry masonry mixtures with CMS have been suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20mortar%20mixtures" title="dry mortar mixtures">dry mortar mixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-weight%20dry%20mixtures" title=" light-weight dry mixtures"> light-weight dry mixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20ceramics%20microspheres" title=" hollow ceramics microspheres"> hollow ceramics microspheres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20mortars" title=" masonry mortars"> masonry mortars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%9Cwarm%E2%80%9D%20mortars" title=" “warm” mortars"> “warm” mortars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-entraining%20admixture" title=" air-entraining admixture"> air-entraining admixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redispersible%20polymer%20powders" title=" redispersible polymer powders"> redispersible polymer powders</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8834/properties-of-modified-dry-masonry-mixtures-for-effective-masonry-units" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Growth and Biochemical Composition of Tetraselmis sp. and Chlorella sp. under Varied Growth Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alsull">M. Alsull</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Tetraselmis sp. and Chlorella sp. isolated from Penang National Park coastal waters, Malaysia, and cultivated under combined various laboratory conditions (temperature, light and nitrogen limitation and starvation). Growth rate, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, total lipids content and total carbohydrates content were estimated at mid-exponential growth phase. Tetraselmis sp. and Chlorella sp. showed remarkably decrease in growth rate, chlorophyll a content and dry weight when maintained under nitrogen limitation and starvation conditions, as well as when grown under 12:12 h light, dark regime conditions. Chlorella sp. showed ability to counter the fluctuation in temperature with no significant effects on the measured parameters; in contrast, Tetraselmis sp. showed a decrease in growth rate, chlorophyll a content and dry weight when grown under 15±1˚C temperature. Cultures maintained under nitrogen full concentration, and 24 h light regime showed decrease in total lipids content, compared with 12:12 h light, dark cycle regime, in the two tested species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20composition" title=" biochemical composition"> biochemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20limitation" title=" nitrogen limitation "> nitrogen limitation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12697/growth-and-biochemical-composition-of-tetraselmis-sp-and-chlorella-sp-under-varied-growth-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> The Development and Testing of Greenhouse Comprehensive Environment Control System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alrefaie">Mohammed Alrefaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Miaji"> Yaser Miaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouses provide a convenient means to grow plants in the best environment. They achieve this by trapping heat from the sunlight and using artificial means to enhance the environment of the greenhouse. This includes controlling factors such as air flow, light intensity and amount of water among others that can have a big impact on plant growth. The aim of the greenhouse is to give maximum yield from plants possible. This report details the development and testing of greenhouse environment control system that can regulate light intensity, airflow and power supply inside the greenhouse. The details of the module development to control these three factors along with results of testing are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse" title="greenhouse">greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20intensity" title=" light intensity"> light intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20environment" title=" comprehensive environment"> comprehensive environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26779/the-development-and-testing-of-greenhouse-comprehensive-environment-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> A Low-Cost Vision-Based Unmanned Aerial System for Extremely Low-Light GPS-Denied Navigation and Thermal Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Liu">Chang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Nash"> John Nash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20D.%20Prior"> Stephen D. Prior</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and implementation details of a complete unmanned aerial system (UAS) based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, focusing on safety, security, search and rescue scenarios in GPS-denied environments. In particular, the aerial platform is capable of semi-autonomously navigating through extremely low-light, GPS-denied indoor environments based on onboard sensors only, including a downward-facing optical flow camera. Besides, an additional low-cost payload camera system is developed to stream both infrared video and visible light video to a ground station in real-time, for the purpose of detecting sign of life and hidden humans. The total cost of the complete system is estimated to be $1150, and the effectiveness of the system has been tested and validated in practical scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20system" title="unmanned aerial system">unmanned aerial system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial-off-the-shelf" title=" commercial-off-the-shelf"> commercial-off-the-shelf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremely%20low-light" title=" extremely low-light"> extremely low-light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS-denied" title=" GPS-denied"> GPS-denied</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20flow" title=" optical flow"> optical flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20video" title=" infrared video"> infrared video</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37927/a-low-cost-vision-based-unmanned-aerial-system-for-extremely-low-light-gps-denied-navigation-and-thermal-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol by Fe-Doped Tio2 under Solar Simulated Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gar%20Alalm">Mohamed Gar Alalm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Ookawara"> Shinichi Ookawara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Tawfik"> Ahmed Tawfik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, photocatalytic oxidation of phenol by iron (Fe+2) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) was studied. The source of irradiation was solar simulated light under measured UV flux. The effect of light intensity, pH, catalyst loading, and initial concentration of phenol were investigated. The maximum removal of phenol at optimum conditions was 78%. The optimum pH was 5.3. The most effective degradation occurred when the catalyst dosage was 600 mg/L. increasing the initial concentration of phenol decreased the degradation efficiency due to the deactivation of active sites by additional intermediates. Phenol photocatalytic degradation moderately fitted to the pseudo-first order kinetic equation approximated from Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol" title="phenol">phenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic" title=" photocatalytic"> photocatalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title=" titanium dioxide "> titanium dioxide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21418/photocatalytic-degradation-of-phenol-by-fe-doped-tio2-under-solar-simulated-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy versus Polarized Light Therapy on Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Anis%20Fakhrey%20Mosaad">Andrew Anis Fakhrey Mosaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this study is to compare the efficacy of polarised light therapy with low-intensity laser therapy in treating oral mucositis brought on by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Evaluation procedures are the measurement of the WHO oral mucositis scale and the Common toxicity criteria scale. Techniques: Cancer patients (men and women) who had oral mucositis, ulceration, and discomfort and whose ages varied from 30 to 55 years were separated into two groups and received 40 chemotherapy treatments. Twenty patients in Group (A) received low-level laser therapy (LLLT) along with their regular oral mucositis medication treatment, while twenty patients in Group (B) received Bioptron light therapy (BLT) along with their regular oral mucositis medication treatment. Both treatments were applied for 10 minutes each day for 30 days. Conclusion and results: This study showed that the use of both BLT and LLLT on oral mucositis in cancer patients following chemotherapy greatly improved, as seen by the sharp falls in both the WHO oral mucositis scale (OMS) and the common toxicity criteria scale (CTCS). However, low-intensity laser therapy (LLLT) was superior to Bioptron light therapy in terms of benefits (BLT). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bioptron%20light%20therapy" title="Bioptron light therapy">Bioptron light therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20level%20laser%20therapy" title=" low level laser therapy"> low level laser therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20mucositis" title=" oral mucositis"> oral mucositis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WHO%20oral%20mucositis%20scale" title=" WHO oral mucositis scale"> WHO oral mucositis scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20toxicity%20criteria%20scale" title=" common toxicity criteria scale"> common toxicity criteria scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166834/effect-of-low-level-laser-therapy-versus-polarized-light-therapy-on-oral-mucositis-in-cancer-patients-receiving-chemotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Optimal Diesel Engine Technology Analysis Matching the Platform of the Helicopter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Wendeker">M. Wendeker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Siadkowska"> K. Siadkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Magryta"> P. Magryta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Czyz"> Z. Czyz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Skiba"> K. Skiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the paper environmental impact analysis the optimal Diesel engine for a light helicopter was performed. The paper consist an answer to the question of what the optimal Diesel engine for a light helicopter is, taking into consideration its expected performance and design capacity. The use of turbocharged engine with self-ignition and an electronic control system can substantially reduce the negative impact on the environment by decreasing toxic substance emission, fuel consumption and therefore carbon dioxide emission. In order to establish the environmental benefits of the diesel engine technologies, mathematical models were created, providing additional insight on the environmental impact and performance of a classic turboshaft and an advanced diesel engine light helicopter, incorporating technology developments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title="diesel engine">diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicopter" title=" helicopter"> helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5115/optimal-diesel-engine-technology-analysis-matching-the-platform-of-the-helicopter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Flexible and Color Tunable Inorganic Light Emitting Diode Array for High Resolution Optogenetic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keundong%20Lee">Keundong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongha%20Yoo"> Dongha Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngbin%20Tchoe"> Youngbin Tchoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyu-Chul%20Yi"> Gyu-Chul Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light emitting diode (LED) array is an ideal optical stimulation tool for optogenetics, which controls inhibition and excitation of specific neurons with light-sensitive ion channels or pumps. Although a ﬁber-optic cable with an external light source, either a laser or LED mechanically connected to the end of the ﬁber-optic cable has widely been used for illumination on neural tissue, a new approach to use micro LEDs (µLEDs) has recently been demonstrated. The LEDs can be placed directly either on the cortical surface or within the deep brain using a penetrating depth probe. Accordingly, this method would not need a permanent opening in the skull if the LEDs are integrated with miniature electrical power source and wireless communication. In addition, multiple color generation from single µLED cell would enable to excite and/or inhibit neurons in localized regions. Here, we demonstrate flexible and color tunable µLEDs for the optogenetic device applications. The flexible and color tunable LEDs was fabricated using multifaceted gallium nitride (GaN) nanorod arrays with GaN nanorods grown on InxGa1−xN/GaN single quantum well structures (SQW) anisotropically formed on the nanorod tips and sidewalls. For various electroluminescence (EL) colors, current injection paths were controlled through a continuous p-GaN layer depending on the applied bias voltage. The electric current was injected through different thickness and composition, thus changing the color of light from red to blue that the LED emits. We believe that the flexible and color tunable µLEDs enable us to control activities of the neuron by emitting various colors from the single µLED cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diode" title="light emitting diode">light emitting diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optogenetics" title=" optogenetics"> optogenetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20optoelectronics" title=" flexible optoelectronics"> flexible optoelectronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72857/flexible-and-color-tunable-inorganic-light-emitting-diode-array-for-high-resolution-optogenetic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Simulation and Controller Tunning in a Photo-Bioreactor Applying by Taguchi Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Ghahremani">Hosein Ghahremani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MohammadReza%20Khoshchehre"> MohammadReza Khoshchehre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pejman%20Hakemi"> Pejman Hakemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study involves numerical simulations of a vertical plate-type photo-bioreactor to investigate the performance of Microalgae Spirulina and Control and optimization of parameters for the digital controller by Taguchi method that MATLAB software and Qualitek-4 has been made. Since the addition of parameters such as temperature, dissolved carbon dioxide, biomass, and ... Some new physical parameters such as light intensity and physiological conditions like photosynthetic efficiency and light inhibitors are involved in biological processes, control is facing many challenges. Not only facilitate the commercial production photo-bioreactor Microalgae as feed for aquaculture and food supplements are efficient systems but also as a possible platform for the production of active molecules such as antibiotics or innovative anti-tumor agents, carbon dioxide removal and removal of heavy metals from wastewater is used. Digital controller is designed for controlling the light bioreactor until Microalgae growth rate and carbon dioxide concentration inside the bioreactor is investigated. The optimal values of the controller parameters of the S/N and ANOVA analysis software Qualitek-4 obtained With Reaction curve, Cohen-Con and Ziegler-Nichols method were compared. The sum of the squared error obtained for each of the control methods mentioned, the Taguchi method as the best method for controlling the light intensity was selected photo-bioreactor. This method compared to control methods listed the higher stability and a shorter interval to be answered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-bioreactor" title="photo-bioreactor">photo-bioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20and%20optimization" title=" control and optimization"> control and optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Light%20intensity" title=" Light intensity"> Light intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13380/simulation-and-controller-tunning-in-a-photo-bioreactor-applying-by-taguchi-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Carboxyfullerene-Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Singlet Oxygen and Hydroxyl Radicals Scavenging Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Cheng%20Yang">Kai-Cheng Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Ling%20Chen"> Yen-Ling Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er-Chieh%20Cho"> Er-Chieh Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen-Chan%20Lee"> Kuen-Chan Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Titanium dioxide nanomaterials offer superior protection for human skin against the full spectrum of ultraviolet light. However, some literature reviews indicated that it might be associated with adverse effects such as cytotoxicity or reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to their nanoscale. The surface of fullerene is covered with π electrons constituting aromatic structures, which can effectively scavenge large amount of radicals. Unfortunately, fullerenes are poor solubility in water, severe aggregation, and toxicity in biological applications when dispersed in solvent have imposed the limitations to the use of fullerenes. Carboxyfullerene acts as the scavenger of radicals for several years. Some reports indicate that carboxyfullerene not only decrease the concentration of free radicals in ambience but also prevent cells from reducing the number or apoptosis under UV irradiation. The aim of this study is to decorate fullerene –C70-carboxylic acid (C70-COOH) on the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (P25) for the purpose of scavenging ROS during the irradiation. The modified material is prepared through the esterification of C70-COOH with P25 (P25/C70-COOH). The binding edge and structure are studied by using Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The diameter of P25 is about 30 nm and C70-COOH is found to be conjugated on the edge of P25 in aggregation morphology with the size of ca. 100 nm. In the next step, the FTIR was used to confirm the binding structure between P25 and C70-COOH. There are two new peaks are shown at 1427 and 1720 cm-1 for P25/C70-COOH, resulting from the C–C stretch and C=O stretch formed during esterification with dilute sulfuric acid. The IR results further confirm the chemically bonded interaction between C70-COOH and P25. In order to provide the evidence of scavenging radical ability of P25/C70-COOH, we chose pyridoxine (Vit.B6) and terephthalic acid (TA) to react with singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. We utilized these chemicals to observe the radicals scavenging statement via detecting the intensity of ultraviolet adsorption or fluorescence emission. The UV spectra are measured by using different concentration of C70-COOH modified P25 with 1mM pyridoxine under UV irradiation for various duration times. The results revealed that the concentration of pyridoxine was increased when cooperating with P25/C70-COOH after three hours as compared with control (only P25). It indicates fewer radicals could be reacted with pyridoxine because of the absorption via P25/C70-COOH. The fluorescence spectra are observed by measuring P25/C70-COOH with 1mM terephthalic acid under UV irradiation for various duration times. The fluorescence intensity of TAOH was decreased in ten minutes when cooperating with P25/C70-COOH. Here, it was found that the fluorescence intensity was increased after thirty minutes, which could be attributed to the saturation of C70-COOH in the absorption of radicals. However, the results showed that the modified P25/C70-COOH could reduce the radicals in the environment. Therefore, we expect that P25/C70-COOH is a potential materials in using for antioxidant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title="titanium dioxide">titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fullerene" title=" fullerene"> fullerene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radical%20scavenging%20activity" title=" radical scavenging activity"> radical scavenging activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38692/carboxyfullerene-modified-titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles-in-singlet-oxygen-and-hydroxyl-radicals-scavenging-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Wastewater Treatment Using Microalgae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chigbo%20Ikechukwu%20Emmanuel">Chigbo Ikechukwu Emmanuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae can be used for tertiary treatment of wastewater due to their capacity to assimilate nutrients. The pH increase which is mediated by the growing algae also induces phosphorus precipitation and ammonia stripping to the air, and may in addition act disinfecting on the wastewater. Domestic wastewater is ideal for algal growth since it contains high concentrations of all necessary nutrients. The growth limiting factor is rather light, especially at higher latitudes. The most important operational factors for successful wastewater treatment with microalgae are depth, turbulence and hydraulic retention time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorus" title=" phosphorus"> phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation" title=" operation"> operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ponds" title=" ponds"> ponds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15818/wastewater-treatment-using-microalgae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Effect of Environmental Factors on Photoreactivation of Microorganisms under Indoor Conditions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirin%20Shafaei">Shirin Shafaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20R.%20Bolton"> James R. Bolton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gamal%20El%20Din"> Mohamed Gamal El Din</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection causes damage to the DNA or RNA of microorganisms, but many microorganisms can repair this damage after exposure to near-UV or visible wavelengths (310–480 nm) by a mechanism called photoreactivation. Photoreactivation is gaining more attention because it can reduce the efficiency of UV disinfection of wastewater several hours after treatment. The focus of many photoreactivation research activities on the single species has caused a considerable lack in knowledge about complex natural communities of microorganisms and their response to UV treatment. In this research, photoreactivation experiments were carried out on the influent of the UV disinfection unit at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Edmonton, Alberta after exposure to a Medium-Pressure (MP) UV lamp system to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on photoreactivation of microorganisms in the actual municipal wastewater. The effect of reactivation fluence, temperature, and river water on photoreactivation of total coliforms was examined under indoor conditions. The results showed that higher effective reactivation fluence values (up to 20 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) and higher temperatures (up to 25 °C) increased the photoreactivation of total coliforms. However, increasing the percentage of river in the mixtures of the effluent and river water decreased the photoreactivation of the mixtures. The results of this research can help the municipal wastewater treatment industry to examine the environmental effects of discharging their effluents into receiving waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoreactivation" title="photoreactivation">photoreactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivation%20fluence" title=" reactivation fluence"> reactivation fluence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20water" title=" river water"> river water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20disinfection" title=" ultraviolet disinfection"> ultraviolet disinfection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20effluent" title=" wastewater effluent"> wastewater effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42212/effect-of-environmental-factors-on-photoreactivation-of-microorganisms-under-indoor-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Low Cost Technique for Measuring Luminance in Biological Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Chetty">N. Chetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Singh"> K. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the relationship between the melanin content in a tissue and subsequent absorption of light through that tissue was determined using a digital camera. This technique proved to be simple, cost effective, efficient and reliable. Tissue phantom samples were created using milk and soy sauce to simulate the optical properties of melanin content in human tissue. Increasing the concentration of soy sauce in the milk correlated to an increase in melanin content of an individual. Two methods were employed to measure the light transmitted through the sample. The first was direct measurement of the transmitted intensity using a conventional lux meter. The second method involved correctly calibrating an ordinary digital camera and using image analysis software to calculate the transmitted intensity through the phantom. The results from these methods were then graphically compared to the theoretical relationship between the intensity of transmitted light and the concentration of absorbers in the sample. Conclusions were then drawn about the effectiveness and efficiency of these low cost methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20phantoms" title="tissue phantoms">tissue phantoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scattering%20coefficient" title=" scattering coefficient"> scattering coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albedo" title=" albedo"> albedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost%20method" title=" low-cost method"> low-cost method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51186/low-cost-technique-for-measuring-luminance-in-biological-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Anxieolytic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Flowers Nerium indicum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Mohale">D. S. Mohale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Chandewar"> A. V. Chandewar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anxiety is defined as an exaggerated feeling of apprehension, uncertainty and fear. Nerium indicum is a well-known ornamental and medicinal plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. A wide spectrum of biological activities has been reported with various constituents isolated from different parts of the plant. This study was conducted to investigate antianxiety activity of flower extract. Flowers were collected and dried in shade and coarsely powdered. Powdered mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate by maceration process. Extract of flowers obtained was subsequently dried in oven at 40-50 °C. This extract is then tested for antianxiety activity at low and high dose using Elevated Plus Maze and Light & dark Model. Rats shown increased open arm entries and time spent in open arm in elevated Plus maze with treatment low and high dose of extract of Nerium indicum flower as compared to their respective control groups. In Light & dark Model, light box entries and time spent in light box increased with treatment low and high dose of extract of Nerium indicum flower as compared to their respective control groups. From result it is concluded that Ethyl acetate extract of flower of Nerium indicum possess antianxiety activity at low and high dose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxieolytic" title=" anxieolytic"> anxieolytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20isolation" title=" social isolation"> social isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerium%20indicum" title=" nerium indicum"> nerium indicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaner" title=" kaner"> kaner</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40002/anxieolytic-activity-of-ethyl-acetate-extract-of-flowers-nerium-indicum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Design and Analysis of Universal Multifunctional Leaf Spring Main Landing Gear for Light Aircraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meiyuan%20Zheng">Meiyuan Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingwu%20He"> Jingwu He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuexi%20Xiong"> Yuexi Xiong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A universal multi-function leaf spring main landing gear was designed for light aircraft. The main landing gear combined with the leaf spring, skidding, and wheels enables it to have a good takeoff and landing performance on various grounds such as the hard, snow, grass and sand grounds. Firstly, the characteristics of different landing sites were studied in this paper in order to analyze the load of the main landing gear on different types of grounds. Based on this analysis, the structural design optimization along with the strength and stiffness characteristics of the main landing gear has been done, which enables it to have good takeoff and landing performance on different types of grounds given the relevant regulations and standards. Additionally, the impact of the skidding on the aircraft during the flight was also taken into consideration. Finally, a universal multi-function leaf spring type of the main landing gear suitable for light aircraft has been developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landing%20gear" title="landing gear">landing gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-function" title=" multi-function"> multi-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20spring" title=" leaf spring"> leaf spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skidding" title=" skidding"> skidding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73736/design-and-analysis-of-universal-multifunctional-leaf-spring-main-landing-gear-for-light-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Linkage between Trace Element Distribution and Growth Ring Formation in Japanese Red Coral (Paracorallium japonicum)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luan%20Trong%20Nguyen">Luan Trong Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Azizur%20Rahman"> M. Azizur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuke%20Tamenori"> Yusuke Tamenori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiro%20Yoshimura"> Toshihiro Yoshimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nozomu%20Iwasaki"> Nozomu Iwasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Hasegawa"> Hiroshi Hasegawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the distribution of magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and strontium (Sr) using micro X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) along the annual growth rings in the skeleton of Japanese red coral Paracorallium japonicum. The Mg, P and S distribution in µ-XRF mapping images correspond to the dark and light bands along the annual growth rings observed in microscopic images of the coral skeleton. The µ-XRF mapping data showed a positive correlation (r = 0.6) between P and S distribution in the coral skeleton. A contrasting distribution pattern of S and Mg along the axial skeleton of P. japonicum indicates a weak negative correlation (r = -0.2) between these two trace elements. The distribution pattern of S, P and Mg reveals linkage between their distributions and the formation of dark/light bands along the annual growth rings in the axial skeleton of P. japonicum. Sulfur and P were distributed in the organic matrix rich dark bands, while Mg was distributed in the light bands of the annual growth rings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B5-XRF" title="µ-XRF">µ-XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20element" title=" trace element"> trace element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precious%20coral" title=" precious coral"> precious coral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paracorallium%20japonicum" title=" Paracorallium japonicum"> Paracorallium japonicum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4207/linkage-between-trace-element-distribution-and-growth-ring-formation-in-japanese-red-coral-paracorallium-japonicum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> A Novel Approach to Asynchronous State Machine Modeling on Multisim for Avoiding Function Hazards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parisi%20L.">Parisi L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamili%20D."> Hamili D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azlan%20N."> Azlan N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to design and simulate a particular type of Asynchronous State Machine (ASM), namely a ‘traffic light controller’ (TLC), operated at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The design task involved two main stages: firstly, designing a 4-bit binary counter using J-K flip flops as the timing signal and subsequently, attaining the digital logic by deploying ASM design process. The TLC was designed such that it showed a sequence of three different colours, i.e. red, yellow and green, corresponding to set thresholds by deploying the least number of AND, OR and NOT gates possible. The software Multisim was deployed to design such circuit and simulate it for circuit troubleshooting in order for it to display the output sequence of the three different colours on the traffic light in the correct order. A clock signal, an asynchronous 4-bit binary counter that was designed through the use of J-K flip flops along with an ASM were used to complete this sequence, which was programmed to be repeated indefinitely. Eventually, the circuit was debugged and optimized, thus displaying the correct waveforms of the three outputs through the logic analyzer. However, hazards occurred when the frequency was increased to 10 MHz. This was attributed to delays in the feedback being too high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asynchronous%20state%20machine" title="asynchronous state machine">asynchronous state machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20light%20controller" title=" traffic light controller"> traffic light controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circuit%20design" title=" circuit design"> circuit design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20electronics" title=" digital electronics"> digital electronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22349/a-novel-approach-to-asynchronous-state-machine-modeling-on-multisim-for-avoiding-function-hazards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> The Effect of Meteorological Factors on the Trap Catches of Culicoides Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Rashed">Ahmed M. Rashed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Culicoides midges are known to be vectors of disease to both man and animals. For providing information necessary for control methods to be applied to the best advantage, a New jersey light-trap was used. Twenty species were identified during this study and eight species were recorded from Chantilly for the first time, these include C.grisescens, C.nubeculosus, C.cubitalis, C.achrayi, C.circumscriptus, C.stigma, C.reconditus, and C.parroti. The environmental factors, wind speed and temperature were found to have a marked effect on the activity of Culicoides midges. The temperature was found to be positively correlated and the wind speed negatively correlated with the light-trap catch. However, humidioty could not be shown to have any effect on the catch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culicoides" title="culicoides">culicoides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorological%20factors" title=" meteorological factors"> meteorological factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20speed" title=" wind speed"> wind speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease" title=" disease "> disease </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17898/the-effect-of-meteorological-factors-on-the-trap-catches-of-culicoides-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> The Combined Influences of Salinity, Light and Nitrogen Limitation on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp., Isolated from Penang National Park Coastal Waters, Malaysia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Alsull">Mohamed M. Alsull</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, two microalgae species “Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp.” isolated from Penang National Park coastal waters, Malaysia; were cultivated under combined various laboratory conditions “salinity, light, nitrogen limitation and starvation”. Growth rate, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, total lipid and protein contents, were estimated at mid exponential growth phase. Both Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. showed remarkable decrease in growth rate, chlorophyll a content and protein content companied with increase in lipid content under nitrogen limitation and starvation conditions. Maintaining Nannochloropsis sp. under salinity 15‰ caused only significant decrease in total protein content; while Tetraselmis sp. grown at the same salinity caused decrease in the growth rate, chlorophyll a, dry weight and total protein content only when nitrogen was available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20composition" title="biochemical composition">biochemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20limitation" title=" nitrogen limitation"> nitrogen limitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16867/the-combined-influences-of-salinity-light-and-nitrogen-limitation-on-the-growth-and-biochemical-composition-of-nannochloropsis-sp-and-tetraselmis-sp-isolated-from-penang-national-park-coastal-waters-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20light&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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