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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>British East India Company army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_East_India_Company_army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Indian_Army_(c._1857–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Indian_Army_(c._1857–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>British Indian Army (c. 1857–1947)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-British_Indian_Army_(c._1857–1947)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle British Indian Army (c. 1857–1947) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-British_Indian_Army_(c._1857–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gurkha_military_rank_system_in_the_British_Indian_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gurkha_military_rank_system_in_the_British_Indian_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gurkha military rank system in the British Indian Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gurkha_military_rank_system_in_the_British_Indian_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_equivalents_in_modern_Indian_and_British_Armies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_equivalents_in_modern_Indian_and_British_Armies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Rank equivalents in modern Indian and British Armies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_equivalents_in_modern_Indian_and_British_Armies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regiments_of_the_Gurkha_Rifles_(c._1815–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regiments_of_the_Gurkha_Rifles_(c._1815–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Regiments of the Gurkha Rifles (c. 1815–1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regiments_of_the_Gurkha_Rifles_(c._1815–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War_training_battalions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War_training_battalions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second World War training battalions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War_training_battalions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_(1947–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_(1947–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-independence (1947–present)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-independence_(1947–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-independence (1947–present) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_(1947–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_Army_Gurkhas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Army_Gurkhas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>British Army Gurkhas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Army_Gurkhas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Army_Gurkhas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Army_Gurkhas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Indian Army Gurkhas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Army_Gurkhas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore_Gurkha_Contingent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore_Gurkha_Contingent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Singapore Gurkha Contingent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore_Gurkha_Contingent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brunei_Gurkha_Reserve_Unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brunei_Gurkha_Reserve_Unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Brunei Gurkha Reserve Unit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brunei_Gurkha_Reserve_Unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Special_Frontier_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Special_Frontier_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Indian Special Frontier Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Special_Frontier_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Victoria_Cross_recipients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victoria_Cross_recipients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Victoria Cross recipients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victoria_Cross_recipients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_Gurkhas_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_Gurkhas_in_the_United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Treatment of Gurkhas in the United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_Gurkhas_in_the_United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Settlement_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Settlement rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gurkha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7" title="جوركا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوركا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE" title="গোর্খা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গোর্খা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhes" title="Gurkhes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gurkhes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhov%C3%A9" title="Gurkhové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gurkhové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhad" title="Gurkhad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gurkhad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Γκούρκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκούρκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkoj" title="Gurkoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gurkoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="گورکا (نظامی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گورکا (نظامی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhas" title="Gurkhas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gurkhas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B4" title="구르카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구르카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գուրկխեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուրկխեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="गोरखा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोरखा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%94" title="גורקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גורקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಗೂರ್ಖರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೂರ್ಖರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გურქები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გურქები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkas" title="Gurkas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gurkas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Гурки – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гурки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%96" title="ഗൂർഖ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗൂർഖ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%81%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="गोरखाली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गोरखाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%85%B5" title="グルカ兵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルカ兵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhaer" title="Gurkhaer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gurkhaer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhaer" title="Gurkhaer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gurkhaer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੋਰਖਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੋਰਖਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhowie" title="Gurkhowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gurkhowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhurkha_runa" title="Qhurkha runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhurkha runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Гуркхи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуркхи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurke" title="Gurke – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gurke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Гурке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гурке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhat" title="Gurkhat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gurkhat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkhasoldat" title="Gurkhasoldat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gurkhasoldat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="கூர்க்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூர்க்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkalar" title="Gurkalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gurkalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Гуркхи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуркхи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gurkha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%93%E7%88%BE%E5%96%80%E4%BA%BA" title="廓爾喀人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurkhas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurkhas">Gurkhas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian and Nepalese national soldiers</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Gorkha" and "Gorkhali" redirect here. For the early modern state, see <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a>. For the modern day Nepalese district, see <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha District</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gorkha (disambiguation)">Gorkha (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg/220px-Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg/330px-Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg/440px-Nepali_soldiers_Le_Bon_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Nepali soldiers; drawing by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Gustave Le Bon</a>, 1885</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkha_Soldier_Monument,_London_-_April_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg/220px-Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="505" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg/330px-Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg/440px-Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="4187" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the Gurkha Soldier in <a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_Avenue" title="Horse Guards Avenue">Horse Guards Avenue</a>, outside the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khukri-knife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Khukri-knife.jpg/220px-Khukri-knife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Khukri-knife.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Kukri" title="Kukri">khukuri</a>, the signature weapon of the Gurkhas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalu_Pande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Kalu_Pande.jpg/220px-Kalu_Pande.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Kalu_Pande.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> (equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a>) <a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Vamshidhar "Kalu" Pande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Nepalese_Army" title="Chief of the Nepalese Army">Chief of the Gorkhali Army</a>; one of the most highly decorated Gorkhali commanders</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Gurkhas</b> or <b>Gorkhas</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>-/</a></span></span>), with the <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a> <b>Gorkhali</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: गोर्खाली <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ne-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">[ɡorkʰali]</a></span>), are soldiers native to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, chiefly residing within <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and some parts of <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gurkha units are composed of Nepali and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Gorkha" title="Indian Gorkha">Indian Gorkha</a>, Nepali-speaking Indian people, and are recruited for the <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Army" title="Nepali Army">Nepali Army</a> (96,000),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> (42,000), the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> (4,010),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Contingent" title="Gurkha Contingent">Gurkha Contingent</a> in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Reserve_Unit" title="Gurkha Reserve Unit">Gurkha Reserve Unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, for UN peacekeeping forces and in war zones around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurkhas are closely associated with the <i><a href="/wiki/Khukuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khukuri">khukuri</a></i>, a forward-curving knife, and have a reputation for fearless military prowess. Former <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a> once stated that: "If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div> <p>Historically, the terms "Gurkha" and "Gorkhali" were synonymous with "Nepali", which originates from the hill principality <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a>, from which the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> expanded under <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a>, who was the last ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a> and first monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the Gorkhas’ impressive conquests of the Kathmandu Valley supplied the British with an exaggerated view of Nepal’s strength, ultimately helping lead to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name may be traced to the medieval <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> warrior-saint Guru <a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Gorakhnath</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has a historic shrine in <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha District</a>. The word itself derived from <i>Go-Raksha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <span lang="ne">गोरक्षा</span> i.e., 'Protector (रक्षा) of cows (गो')), <i>raksha</i> becoming <i>rakha</i> (रखा). <i>Rakhawala</i> means 'protector' and is derived from <i>raksha</i> as well. </p><p> There are Gurkha military units in the <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Army">Nepalese</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_army" class="mw-redirect" title="British army">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian army">Indian</a> armies enlisted in Nepal, United Kingdom, India and Singapore. Although they meet many of the criteria of Article 47<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Protocol_I" title="Protocol I">Protocol I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenaries</a>, they are exempt under clauses <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Protocol_I#Art_47._Mercenaries" class="extiw" title="s:Protocol I">47(e) and (f)</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg/220px-Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg/330px-Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg/440px-Prithvi_Narayan_Shah_with_Senapati_Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>King of <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a> and founder of modern Gorkhali Force <i><a href="/wiki/Maharajadhiraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajadhiraja">Maharajadhiraja</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a>, (1743–1775) consulting with his first Army Chief <i>Senapati</i> <a href="/wiki/Shivaram_Singh_Basnyat" title="Shivaram Singh Basnyat">Shivaram Singh Basnyat</a> (d. 1747)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1814–16 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Gorkha Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">East India Company</a>, the Gorkhali soldiers impressed the British, who called them <i>Gurkhas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_East_India_Company_army">British East India Company army</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting,_1815.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting%2C_1815.jpg/220px-Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting%2C_1815.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting%2C_1815.jpg/330px-Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting%2C_1815.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting%2C_1815.jpg/440px-Eight_Gurkha_men_depicted_in_a_British_Indian_painting%2C_1815.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Gurkha soldiers during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a>, 1815</figcaption></figure> <p>The Anglo-Nepalese War was fought between the Gurkha <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> as a result of border disputes and ambitious expansionism of both belligerents. The war ended with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Sugauli_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugauli Treaty">Treaty of Sugauli</a> in 1816.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Ochterlony" title="David Ochterlony">David Ochterlony</a> and British political agent <a href="/wiki/William_Fraser_(British_administrator)" title="William Fraser (British administrator)">William Fraser</a> were among the first to recognize the potential of Gurkha soldiers. During the war the British used defectors from the Gurkha army and employed them as <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">irregular forces</a>. Fraser's confidence in their loyalty was such that in April 1815 he proposed forming them into a battalion under Lt. Ross called the Nasiri Regiment. This regiment, which later became the <a href="/wiki/1GR" class="mw-redirect" title="1GR">1st King George's Own Gurkha Rifles</a>, saw action at Malaun Fort under the leadership of Lt. Lawtie, who reported to Ochterlony that he "had the greatest reason to be satisfied with their exertions".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>About 5,000 men entered British service in 1815, most of whom were not just Gorkhalis, but Kumaonis, Garhwalis and other Himalayan hill men. These groups, eventually lumped together under the term <i>Gurkha</i>, became the backbone of British Indian forces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As well as Ochterlony's Gurkha battalions, Fraser and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Young_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Young (soldier)">Lt. Frederick Young</a> raised the Sirmoor Battalion, later to become the <a href="/wiki/2nd_King_Edward_VII%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles_(The_Sirmoor_Rifles)" title="2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)">2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles</a>. An additional battalion—the Kumaon—was also raised, eventually becoming the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Queen_Alexandra%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles">3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles</a>. None of these units fought in the second campaign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gurkhas served as troops under contract to the British East India Company in the <a href="/wiki/Pindaree_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Pindaree War">Pindaree War</a> of 1817, in <a href="/wiki/Bharatpur,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatpur, India">Bharatpur</a> in 1826, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second</a> Anglo-Sikh Wars in 1846 and 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-2010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, Gurkhas fought on the British side and became part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> on its formation. The <a href="/wiki/2nd_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Gurkha Rifles">8th (Sirmoor) Local Battalion</a> made a notable contribution during the conflict, and 25 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Order_of_Merit" title="Indian Order of Merit">Indian Order of Merit</a> awards were made to men from that regiment during the Siege of Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200558_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200558-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three days after the rebellion began, the Sirmoor Battalion was ordered to move to Meerut, where the British garrison was barely holding on, and in doing so they had to march up to 48 kilometres a day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200557_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200557-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, during the four-month Siege of Delhi, they defended <a href="/wiki/Raja_Hindu_Rao" title="Raja Hindu Rao">Hindu Rao</a>'s house, losing 327 of 490 men. During this action they fought side by side with the <a href="/wiki/60th_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="60th Rifles">60th Rifles</a> and a strong bond developed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twelve regiments from the Nepalese Army also took part in the relief of <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200562–63_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200562–63-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the command of Shri Teen (3) Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a> of Nepal and his older brother C-in-C <a href="/wiki/Ranodip_Singh_Kunwar" title="Ranodip Singh Kunwar">Ranodip Singh Kunwar</a> (Ranaudip Singh Bahadur Rana) (later to succeed Jung Bahadur and become Sri Teen Maharaja Ranodip Singh of Nepal).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the rebellion the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Rifle_Corps" title="King's Royal Rifle Corps">60th Rifles</a> pressed for the Sirmoor Battalion to become a rifle regiment. This honour was granted in 1858 when the battalion was renamed the <a href="/wiki/2nd_King_Edward_VII%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles_(The_Sirmoor_Rifles)" title="2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)">Sirmoor Rifle Regiment</a> and awarded a third colour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell1993[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrZ9HeuRZvTMCpgPA13_13]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell1993[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrZ9HeuRZvTMCpgPA13_13]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1863, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> presented the regiment with the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Truncheon" title="Queen's Truncheon">Queen's Truncheon</a>, as a replacement for the colours that rifle regiments do not usually have.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_Indian_Army_(c._1857–1947)"><span id="British_Indian_Army_.28c._1857.E2.80.931947.29"></span>British Indian Army (c. 1857–1947)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG/220px-The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG/330px-The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG/440px-The_Nusseree_Battalion.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>The Nusseree Battalion, later known as the <i>1st Gurkha Rifles</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1857</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg/220px-1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg/330px-1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg/440px-1857_hindu_raos_house2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Rao">Hindu Rao</a>'s house shortly after the siege</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg/220px-Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg/330px-Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg/440px-Gurkhas_NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Gurkha soldiers (1896). The centre figure wears the dark green dress uniform worn by all Gurkhas in British service, with certain regimental distinctions.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the end of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 until the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Gurkha Regiments saw active service in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_North-West_Frontier" title="Military history of the North-West Frontier">North-West Frontier</a> of India, Malta (the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1877%E2%80%9378" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78">Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78</a>), Cyprus, Malaya, China (the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> of 1900) and Tibet (<a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">Younghusband's Expedition</a> of 1905). </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British authorities in India</a> feared the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> castes in the army. They discouraged <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahminical</a> influence in the military and considered the Hindu castes more susceptible to Brahminical values.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997221_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1997221-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, they discouraged the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Thakuri" title="Thakuri">Thakuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khas">Khas</a> groups in the Gorkha units<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997221_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1997221-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and refused to recruit tribes other than <a href="/wiki/Gurung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung">Gurungs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magars" title="Magars">Magars</a> for Gorkha units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997220–221_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1997220–221-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also exerted diplomatic pressure on Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Bir_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a> to ensure that at least 75% of new recruits were <a href="/wiki/Gurung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung">Gurungs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magars" title="Magars">Magars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997221_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1997221-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1901 and 1906, the Gurkha regiments were renumbered from the 1st to the 10th and re-designated as the Gurkha Rifles. In this time the Brigade of Gurkhas, as the regiments came to be collectively known, was expanded to 20 battalions in the ten regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200579_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200579-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG/220px-5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG/330px-5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG/440px-5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>2nd/5th <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Royal Gurkha Rifles</a>, North-West Frontier 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918) more than 200,000 Gurkhas served in the British Army, suffering approximately 20,000 casualties and receiving almost 2,000 gallantry awards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Gurkha battalions was increased to 33, and Gurkha units were placed at the disposal of the British high command by the Gurkha government for service on all fronts. Many Gurkha volunteers served in non-combatant roles, serving in units such as the Army Bearer Corps and the labour battalions. </p><p>A large number also served in combat in France, Turkey, Palestine, and Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell19939_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell19939-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They served on the battlefields of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Loos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Givenchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Givenchy">Givenchy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Neuve Chapelle</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> against Turkish advance, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200599_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200599-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One detachment served with <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence of Arabia">Lawrence of Arabia</a>. During the Battle of Loos (June–December 1915) a battalion of the 8th Gurkhas fought to the last man, hurling themselves time after time against the weight of the German defences, and in the words of the Indian Corps commander, Lt. Gen. Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Willcocks" title="James Willcocks">James Willcocks</a>, "found its Valhalla".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a> in 1915, the Gurkhas were among the first to arrive and the last to leave. The 1st/6th Gurkhas, having landed at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Helles" title="Cape Helles">Cape Helles</a>, led the assault during the first major operation to take a Turkish high point, and in doing so captured a feature that later became known as "Gurkha Bluff".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005117–118_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005117–118-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Sari Bair they were the only troops in the whole campaign to reach and hold the crest line and look down on the straits, which was the ultimate objective.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005121_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005121-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Gurkha Rifles (2nd/3rd Gurkha Rifles) fought in the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. </p><p>Following the end of the war, the Gurkhas were returned to India, and during the inter-war years were largely kept away from the internal strife and urban conflicts of the sub-continent, instead being employed largely on the frontiers and in the hills where fiercely independent tribesmen were a constant source of trouble.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005150_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005150-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As such, between the World Wars the Gurkha regiments fought in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Afghan War">Third Afghan War</a> in 1919. The regiments then participated in numerous campaigns on the North-West Frontier, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a>, where they were employed as garrison troops defending the frontier. They kept the peace among the local populace and engaged with the lawless and often openly hostile <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pathan tribesmen</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During this time the North-West Frontier was the scene of considerable political and civil unrest and troops stationed at Razmak, Bannu, and Wanna saw extensive action.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia,_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia%2C_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg/220px-Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia%2C_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia%2C_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg/330px-Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia%2C_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia%2C_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg/440px-Ghurkas_in_action_with_a_6-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_Tunisia%2C_16_March_1943._NA1103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Gurkhas in action with a <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_6-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 6-pounder">six-pounder anti-tank gun</a> in Tunisia, 16 March 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945) there were ten Gurkha regiments, with two battalions each, making a total of 20 pre-war battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross31_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross31-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF) in 1940, the Nepalese government offered to increase recruitment to enlarge the number of Gurkha battalions in British service to 35.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005157–158_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005157–158-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would eventually rise to 43 battalions. </p><p>In order to achieve the increased number of battalions, third and fourth battalions were raised for all ten regiments, with fifth battalions also being raised for 1 GR, 2 GR and 9 GR.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross31_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross31-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expansion required ten training centers to be established for basic training and regimental records across India. In addition, five training battalions (14 GR, 29 GR, 38 GR, 56 GR and 710 GR) were raised, while other units (25 GR and 26 GR) were raised as garrison battalions for keeping the peace in India and defending rear areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross32_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross32-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large numbers of Gurkha men were also recruited for non-Gurkha units, and other specialized duties such as paratroops, signals, engineers and military police. </p><p>A total of 250,280<sup id="cite_ref-Cross32_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross32-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurkhas served in 40 battalions, plus eight <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Army">Nepalese Army</a> battalions, parachute, training, garrison and porter units during the war,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in almost all theatres. In addition to keeping peace in India, Gurkhas fought in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and against the Japanese in the jungles of <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">northeast India</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PARTICIPANTS-INDIAN-SUBCONTINENT_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PARTICIPANTS-INDIAN-SUBCONTINENT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They did so with distinction, earning 2,734 bravery awards in the process<sup id="cite_ref-Cross32_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross32-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and suffering around 32,000 casualties in all theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gurkha_military_rank_system_in_the_British_Indian_Army">Gurkha military rank system in the British Indian Army</h3></div> <p>Gurkha ranks in the British Indian Army followed the same pattern as those used throughout the rest of the Indian Army at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in the British Army itself, there were three distinct levels: private soldiers, non-commissioned officers, and commissioned officers. Gurkha commissioned officers in Gurkha regiments held a "Viceroy's Commission", distinct from the King's or Queen's Commission that British officers serving with a Gurkha regiment held. Any Gurkha holding a commission was technically subordinate to any British officer, regardless of rank.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross34_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross34-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5th_Gurkha_Rifles,_Japan_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/5th_Gurkha_Rifles%2C_Japan_1946.jpg/220px-5th_Gurkha_Rifles%2C_Japan_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/5th_Gurkha_Rifles%2C_Japan_1946.jpg/330px-5th_Gurkha_Rifles%2C_Japan_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/5th_Gurkha_Rifles%2C_Japan_1946.jpg/440px-5th_Gurkha_Rifles%2C_Japan_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption>The 2nd/5th Royal Gurkha Rifles marching through Kure soon after their arrival in Japan in May 1946 as part of the Allied forces of occupation</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rank_equivalents_in_modern_Indian_and_British_Armies">Rank equivalents in modern Indian and British Armies</h4></div> <p><b>Viceroy Commissioned Officers (VCOs) up to 1947 and Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs) from 1947:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subedar_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Subedar Major">Subedar Major</a>/no equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a>/no equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemadar" title="Jemadar">Jemadar</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Naib_Subedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib Subedar">Naib Subedar</a>)/no equivalent</li></ul> <p><b>Warrant officers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_Havildar_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Regimental Havildar Major">Regimental Havildar Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Class_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer Class 1">Warrant Officer Class 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_Havildar_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Havildar Major">Company Havildar Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Class_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer Class 2">Warrant Officer Class 2</a></li></ul> <p><b>Non-commissioned officers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Company_Quartermaster_Havildar" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Quartermaster Havildar">Company Quartermaster Havildar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colour_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour Sergeant">Colour Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">Havildar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naik_(military_rank)" title="Naik (military rank)">Naik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance Naik">Lance Naik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lance_Corporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance Corporal">Lance Corporal</a></li></ul> <p><b>Private soldiers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman" title="Rifleman">Rifleman</a></li></ul> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <ul><li>British Army officers received Queen's or King's Commissions, but Gurkha officers in this system received the Viceroy's Commission. After Indian independence in 1947, Gurkha officers in regiments which became part of the British Army received the King's (later Queen's) Gurkha Commission, and were known as King's/Queen's Gurkha Officers (KGO/QGO). Gurkha officers had no authority to command troops of British regiments. The QGO Commission was abolished in 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemadar" title="Jemadar">Jemadars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">subedars</a> normally served as platoon commanders and company 2ICs but were junior to all British officers, while the subedar major was the Commanding Officer's advisor on the men and their welfare. For a long time it was impossible for Gurkhas to progress further, except that an honorary lieutenancy or captaincy was (very rarely) bestowed upon a Gurkha on retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross34_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross34-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The equivalent ranks in the post-1947 Indian Army were (and are) known as Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs). They retained the traditional rank titles used in the British Indian Army: Jemadar (later Naib Subedar), Subedar and Subedar Major.</li> <li>While in principle any British subject may apply for a commission without having served in the ranks, Gurkhas cannot. It was customary for a Gurkha soldier to rise through the ranks and prove his ability before his regiment would consider offering him a commission.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross34_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross34-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>From the 1920s Gurkhas could also receive King's Indian Commissions, and later full King's or Queen's Commissions, which put them on a par with British officers. This was rare until after the Second World War.</li> <li>Gurkha officers commissioned from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</a> and Short Service Officers regularly fill appointments up to the rank of major. At least two Gurkhas have been promoted to lieutenant colonel and there is theoretically now no bar to further progression.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross34_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross34-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>After 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Brigade of Gurkhas</a> (part of the British Army) was formed and adopted standard British Army rank structure and nomenclature, except for the three Viceroy Commission ranks between Warrant Officer 1 and Second Lieutenant (jemadar, subedar and subedar major) which remained, albeit with different rank titles Lieutenant (Queens Gurkha Officer), Captain (QGO) and Major (QGO). The QGO commission was abolished in 2007; Gurkha soldiers are currently commissioned as Late Entry Officers (as above).<sup id="cite_ref-Cross34_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross34-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regiments_of_the_Gurkha_Rifles_(c._1815–1947)"><span id="Regiments_of_the_Gurkha_Rifles_.28c._1815.E2.80.931947.29"></span>Regiments of the Gurkha Rifles (c. 1815–1947)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkha_Memorial,_Winchester_Cathedral,_Hampshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gurkha_Memorial%2C_Winchester_Cathedral%2C_Hampshire.jpg/170px-Gurkha_Memorial%2C_Winchester_Cathedral%2C_Hampshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gurkha_Memorial%2C_Winchester_Cathedral%2C_Hampshire.jpg/255px-Gurkha_Memorial%2C_Winchester_Cathedral%2C_Hampshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gurkha_Memorial%2C_Winchester_Cathedral%2C_Hampshire.jpg/340px-Gurkha_Memorial%2C_Winchester_Cathedral%2C_Hampshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Memorial of <a href="/wiki/10th_Princess_Mary%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles">10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">Winchester Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG/300px-Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG/450px-Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG/600px-Princess_Mary%27s_Own.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Princess Mary's Own</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1GR" class="mw-redirect" title="1GR">1st King George V's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)</a> (raised 1815, allocated to Indian Army at independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_King_Edward_VII%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles_(The_Sirmoor_Rifles)" title="2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)">2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)</a> (raised 1815, allocated to British Army in 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3GR" class="mw-redirect" title="3GR">3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1815, allocated to Indian Army at independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Gorkha Rifles">4th Prince of Wales's Own Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1857, allocated to Indian Army at independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5GR" class="mw-redirect" title="5GR">5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)</a> (raised 1858, allocated to Indian Army at independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Gurkha Rifles">6th Gurkha Rifles</a>, renamed <a href="/wiki/6th_Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles">6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles</a> in 1959 (raised 1817, allocated to British Army in 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Gurkha Rifles">7th Gurkha Rifles</a>, renamed <a href="/wiki/7th_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles">7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles</a> in 1959 (raised 1902, allocated to British Army in 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Gurkha Rifles">8th Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1824, allocated to Indian Army at independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Gurkha Rifles">9th Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1817, allocated to Indian Army at independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Princess_Mary%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles">10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1890, allocated to British Army in 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Gurkha_Rifles" title="11th Gurkha Rifles">11th Gurkha Rifles</a> (1918–1922; raised again by India – <a href="/wiki/11_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Gorkha Rifles">11 Gorkha Rifles</a> – following independence in 1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=25th_Gurkha_Rifles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="25th Gurkha Rifles (page does not exist)">25th Gurkha Rifles</a> (1942–1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=26th_Gurkha_Rifles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26th Gurkha Rifles (page does not exist)">26th Gurkha Rifles</a> (1943–1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=29th_Gurkha_Rifles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29th Gurkha Rifles (page does not exist)">29th Gurkha Rifles</a> (1943–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="42nd Gurkha Rifles">42nd Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1817 as the <a href="/wiki/Cuttack_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuttack Legion">Cuttack Legion</a>, renamed 6th Gurkha Rifles in 1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Gurkha Rifles">44th Gurkha Rifles</a> (raised 1824 as the <a href="/wiki/16th_(Sylhet)_Local_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="16th (Sylhet) Local Battalion">16th (Sylhet) Local Battalion</a>, renamed 8th Gurkha Rifles in 1903)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War_training_battalions">Second World War training battalions</h3></div> <ul><li>14th Gurkha Rifles Training Battalion<sup id="cite_ref-oob115_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oob115-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>29th Gurkha Rifles Training Battalion</li> <li>38th Gurkha Rifles Training Battalion<sup id="cite_ref-oob115_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oob115-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>56th Gurkha Rifles Training Battalion<sup id="cite_ref-oob115_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oob115-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>710th Gurkha Rifles Training Battalion<sup id="cite_ref-oob115_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oob115-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-independence_(1947–present)"><span id="Post-independence_.281947.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-independence (1947–present)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkha_inscription.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Gurkha_inscription.JPG/220px-Gurkha_inscription.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Gurkha_inscription.JPG/330px-Gurkha_inscription.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Gurkha_inscription.JPG/440px-Gurkha_inscription.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption> <div class="center"> THE GURKHA SOLDIER <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><i>Bravest of the brave,</i><br /> <i>most generous of the generous,</i><br /> <i>never had country</i><br /> <i>more faithful friends</i><br /> <i>than you.</i> </p> </div></blockquote> <small>Professor Sir <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Lilley_Turner" title="Ralph Lilley Turner">Ralph Lilley Turner</a> MC: Inscription on a monument to Gurkha soldiers (unveiled 1997, <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, London)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Britain-India-Nepal_Tripartite_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain-India-Nepal Tripartite Agreement">Tripartite Agreement</a> signed between the governments of the United Kingdom, India and Nepal after <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, the original ten Gurkha regiments consisting of the 20 pre-war battalions were split between the British Army and the newly independent <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross32_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross32-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six Gurkha regiments (12 battalions) were transferred to the post-independence Indian Army, while four regiments (eight battalions) were transferred to the British Army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005224_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005224-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the disappointment of many of their British officers, the majority of Gurkhas given a choice between British or Indian Army service opted for the latter. The reason appears to have been the pragmatic one that the Gurkha regiments of the Indian Army would continue to serve in their existing roles in familiar territory and under terms and conditions that were well established.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005226_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005226-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only substantial change was the substitution of Indian officers for British. By contrast, the four regiments selected for British service faced an uncertain future, initially in <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malaya</a> - a region where relatively few Gurkhas had previously served. The four regiments (or eight battalions) in British service were subsequently reduced to a single regiment of two battalions. The Indian units have been expanded beyond their pre-Independence establishment of 12 battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005229_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005229-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principal aim of the Tripartite Agreement was to ensure that Gurkhas serving under the Crown would be paid on the same scale as those serving in the new Indian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005322–323_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005322–323-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was significantly lower than the standard British rates of pay. While the difference is made up through cost of living and location allowances during a Gurkha's actual period of service, the pension payable on his return to Nepal is much lower than would be the case for his British counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005323_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005323-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2008, the future recruitment of Gurkhas for British and Indian service was initially put into doubt. A spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)</a> (later the "Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)"), which was expected to play a major role in the new secular republic, stated that recruitment as mercenaries was degrading to the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nepal" title="Demographics of Nepal">Nepalese people</a> and would be banned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005344_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005344-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as of 2023, Gurkha recruitment for foreign service continues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Army_Gurkhas">British Army Gurkhas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Brigade of Gurkhas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg/220px-Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg/330px-Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg/440px-Gurkhas_on_Patrol_in_Helmand_MOD_45151723.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers from 1st Battalion, The Royal Gurkha Rifles on patrol in <a href="/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand Province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> in 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>Four Gurkha regiments were transferred to the British Army on 1 January 1948: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_King_Edward_VII%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles_(The_Sirmoor_Rifles)" title="2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)">2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles">6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles">7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Princess_Mary%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" title="10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles">10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles</a></li></ul> <p>They formed the <b>Brigade of Gurkhas</b> and were initially stationed in <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a>. There were also a number of additional Gurkha units including the 69th and 70th Gurkha Field Squadrons, both included in the 36th Engineer Regiment. Since then, British Gurkhas have served in <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">confrontation</a> with Indonesia, in the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> and on various peacekeeping missions in <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005360_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005360-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major Gurkha Formations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Independent_Gurkha_Infantry_Brigade" title="43rd Independent Gurkha Infantry Brigade">43rd Independent Gurkha Infantry Brigade</a> (Italy, circa 1943)</li> <li>26th Gurkha Brigade (Hong Kong, 1948–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Gurkha_Division" title="17th Gurkha Division">17th Gurkha Division</a> (Malaya, 1952–1970)</li> <li>51st Infantry Brigade (Hong Kong disbanded 1976)</li> <li>48th Gurkha Infantry Brigade (Hong Kong, 1957–1976; renamed Gurkha Field Force 1976–1997; returned to old title <span class="nowrap">1987 – c. 1992)</span></li></ul> <p>As of August 2021, the <i>Brigade of Gurkhas</i> in the British Army has the following units: </p> <ul><li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Gurkha Rifles">The Royal Gurkha Rifles</a> (1RGR)</li> <li>2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Gurkha Rifles">The Royal Gurkha Rifles</a> (2RGR)</li> <li>3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Gurkha Rifles">The Royal Gurkha Rifles</a> (3RGR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps_Support_Battalion" title="Gurkha Allied Rapid Reaction Corps Support Battalion">Gurkha Allied Rapid Reaction Corps Support Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gurkha_Signals" title="Queen's Gurkha Signals">Queen's Gurkha Signals</a> which includes: <ul><li>250 Gurkha Signal Squadron, 30 Signal Regiment</li> <li>246 Gurkha Signal Squadron, <a href="/wiki/2_Signal_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom)">2 Signal Regiment</a></li> <li>247 Gurkha Signal Squadron, 16 Signal Regiment</li> <li>248 Gurkha Signal Squadron, 22 Signal Regiment</li> <li>249 Gurkha Signal Squadron, <a href="/wiki/3rd_(UK)_Division_Signal_Regiment" title="3rd (UK) Division Signal Regiment">3rd (UK) Division Signal Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Queen%27s_Own_Gurkha_Logistic_Regiment_RLC" title="10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC">10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC</a></li> <li>Queen's Gurkha Engineers, which includes: <ul><li>69th Gurkha Field Squadron, <a href="/wiki/36_Engineer_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="36 Engineer Regiment (United Kingdom)">36 Engineer Regiment</a></li> <li>70th Gurkha Field Squadron, <a href="/wiki/36_Engineer_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="36 Engineer Regiment (United Kingdom)">36 Engineer Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurkha_Staff_and_Personnel_Support_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurkha Staff and Personnel Support Company (page does not exist)">Gurkha Staff and Personnel Support Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas">Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas</a></li> <li>Gurkha Company (Sittang), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</a></li> <li>Gurkha Wing (Mandalay), <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Battle_School" title="Infantry Battle School">Infantry Battle School</a></li> <li>Gurkha Company (Tavoleto), <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Lines" title="Waterloo Lines">Land Warfare Centre</a></li></ul> <p>The Brigade of Gurkhas also has its own chefs posted among the above-mentioned units. Gurkhas were among the troops who retook the <a href="/wiki/Falklands" class="mw-redirect" title="Falklands">Falklands</a> in 1982 and have served a number of tours of duty in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Army_Gurkhas">Indian Army Gurkhas</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>The soldiers of 5th Gurkha Rifles of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> take position during a training exercise.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_regiments_(India)" title="Gorkha regiments (India)">Gorkha regiments (India)</a></div> <p>Upon independence in 1947, six of the original ten Gurkha regiments remained with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005224_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005224-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These regiments were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Gorkha Rifles">1st King George V's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Gorkha Rifles">3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Gorkha Rifles">4th Prince of Wales's Own Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="5 Gorkha Rifles">5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Gorkha Rifles">8th Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="9 Gorkha Rifles">9th Gurkha Rifles</a></li></ul> <p>Additionally, a further regiment, <a href="/wiki/11_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Gorkha Rifles">11 Gorkha Rifles</a>, was raised. In 1949 the spelling was changed from "Gurkha" to the original "Gorkha".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell199312_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell199312-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All royal titles were dropped when India became a republic in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell199312_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell199312-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since partition, the Gurkha regiments that were transferred to the Indian Army have established themselves as a permanent and vital part of the newly independent Indian Army. Indeed, while Britain has reduced its Gurkha contingent, India has continued to recruit Gorkhas of Nepal into Gorkha regiments in large numbers, as well as Indian Gorkhas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005229_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005229-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009 the Indian Army had a Gorkha contingent that numbered around 42,000 men in 46 battalions, spread across seven regiments. </p><p>Although their deployment is still governed by the 1947 Tripartite Agreement, in the post-1947 conflicts India has fought in, Gorkhas have served in almost all of them, including the wars with Pakistan in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999 and also against China in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005230_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005230-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also been used in peacekeeping operations around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell199312_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell199312-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also served in Sri Lanka conducting operations against the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Tigers">Tamil Tigers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005203_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005203-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore_Gurkha_Contingent">Singapore Gurkha Contingent</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg/220px-Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg/330px-Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg/440px-Gurkha_IOC_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2298" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>A trooper of the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force gives directions to a civilian.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Contingent" title="Gurkha Contingent">Gurkha Contingent</a> (GC) of the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Police_Force" title="Singapore Police Force">Singapore Police Force</a> was formed on 9 April 1949 from selected ex-British Army Gurkhas. It is an integral part of the police force and was raised to replace a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> unit that had existed prior to the Japanese occupation during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005390_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005390-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GC is a well trained, dedicated and disciplined body whose principal role is as <a href="/wiki/Riot_police" title="Riot police">riot police</a> and counter-terrorism force. In times of crisis it can be deployed as a reaction force. During the turbulent years before and after independence, the GC acquitted itself well on several occasions during outbreaks of civil disorder. The Gurkhas displayed the courage, self-restraint and professionalism for which they are famous and earned the respect of the society at large.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005390_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005390-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brunei_Gurkha_Reserve_Unit">Brunei Gurkha Reserve Unit</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Reserve_Unit" title="Gurkha Reserve Unit">Gurkha Reserve Unit</a> (GRU) is a special guard and elite shock-troop force in the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Brunei">Sultanate of Brunei</a>. The Brunei Reserve Unit employs about 500 Gurkhas. The majority are veterans of the British Army and the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Police_Force" title="Singapore Police Force">Singaporean Police</a>, who have joined the GRU as a second career. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Special_Frontier_Force">Indian Special Frontier Force</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a> (SFF) is an Indian paramilitary organization consisting of Tibetan refugees, Nepali Gurkhas, and other ethnic groups from mountainous areas. The SFF is tasked with conducting covert actions against China in the event of another Sino-Indian war. The SFF was originally intended to exclusively consist of Tibetan refugees living in India, however, the SFF began recruiting Nepali Gurkhas and hill tribesmen in 1965 to make up for a declining recruitment rate among Tibetans. It is believed there are around 700 Gurkhas serving in the SFF.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victoria_Cross_recipients">Victoria Cross recipients</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brigade_of_Gurkhas_recipients_of_the_Victoria_Cross" title="List of Brigade of Gurkhas recipients of the Victoria Cross">List of Brigade of Gurkhas recipients of the Victoria Cross</a></div> <p>There have been 26 <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Crosses</a> (VC) awarded to soldiers of Gurkha regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005391–393_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005391–393-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was awarded in 1858 and the last in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirteen of the recipients have been British officers serving with Gurkha regiments. Since 1915, the majority have been awarded to Gurkhas serving in the ranks as private soldiers or NCOs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Indian independence in 1947, Gurkhas serving in the Indian Army have been awarded three <i><a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakras</a></i>, which are equivalent to the Victoria Cross.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a> (GC) medals have been awarded to Gurkha soldiers for acts of bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The George Cross (GC) is the highest award bestowed by the British government for non-operational gallantry or gallantry not in the presence of an enemy. In the UK honours system, the George Cross is equal in stature to the Victoria Cross. This has been the case since the introduction of the George Cross in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_Gurkhas_in_the_United_Kingdom">Treatment of Gurkhas in the United Kingdom</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat,_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat%2C_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg/220px-Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat%2C_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat%2C_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> being presented a Gurkha Hat by a Gurkha veteran during his <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a> visit, to celebrate the success of their joint campaign for the right to live in the UK, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The treatment of Gurkhas and their families was the subject of controversy in the United Kingdom once it became widely known that Gurkhas received smaller pensions than their British counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005334_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005334-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nationality status of Gurkhas and their families was also an area of dispute, with claims that some ex-army Nepali families were being denied residency and forced to leave Britain. On 8 March 2007 the <a href="/wiki/British_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="British Government">British Government</a> announced that all Gurkhas who signed up after 1 July 1997 would receive a pension equivalent to that of their British counterparts. In addition, Gurkhas would, for the first time, be able to transfer to another army unit after five years' service and women would also be allowed to join, although not in first-line units, conforming to the British Army's policy. The act also guaranteed residency rights in the UK for retired Gurkhas and their families. </p><p>Despite the changes, many Gurkhas who had not served long enough to entitle them to a pension faced hardship on their return to Nepal, and some critics derided the government's decision to only award the new pension and citizenship entitlement to those joining after 1 July 1997, claiming that this left many ex-Gurkha servicemen still facing a financially uncertain retirement. An advocacy group, <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Justice_Campaign" title="Gurkha Justice Campaign">Gurkha Justice Campaign</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gurkha_justice_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gurkha_justice-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joined the debate in support of the Gurkhas. </p><p>In a landmark ruling on 30 September 2008, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Blake_(judge)" title="Nicholas Blake (judge)">Mr Justice Blake</a> in the High Court in London decided that the Home Secretary's policy allowing Gurkhas who left the Army before 1997 to apply for settlement in the United Kingdom was irrationally restrictive in its criteria, and overturned it. He upheld the claim of six Gurkha soldiers for the right to settle in Britain at the end of their service, reciting the Military Covenant and observing that granting them residence in Britain "would, in my judgment, be a vindication and an enhancement of this covenant".<sup id="cite_ref-Gurkha_judgement_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurkha_judgement-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the decision of the High Court, the Home Office said it would review all cases that were affected by it.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_764_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_764-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 April 2009 a motion introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> that all Gurkhas be offered equal right of residence was passed in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> by 267 votes to 246. This was the only first-day motion defeat for a government since 1978. <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a>, the Liberal Democrat leader, stated that "this is an immense victory ... for the rights of Gurkhas who have been waiting so long for justice, a victory for Parliament, a victory for decency." He added that it was "the kind of thing people want this country to do".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_802_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_802-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 May 2009 Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Jacqui Smith</a> announced that all Gurkha veterans who retired before 1997 with at least four years service would be allowed to settle in the UK. Actress <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a>, daughter of Gurkha corps Major James Lumley who had highlighted the treatment of the Gurkhas and campaigned for their rights, commented, "This is the welcome we have always longed to give".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_806_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_806-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A charity, <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Welfare_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurkha Welfare Trust">The Gurkha Welfare Trust</a>, provides aid to alleviate hardship and distress among Gurkha ex-servicemen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005379–383_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005379–383-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 June 2015, a celebration called the Gurkha 200, held at The Royal Hospital Chelsea and attended by members of the royal family, commemorated the bicentennial of the Gurkha Welfare Trust by paying tribute to Gurkha culture and military service.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2017)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gurkha Square in <a href="/wiki/Fleet,_Hampshire" title="Fleet, Hampshire">Fleet</a>, Hampshire, which contains the Fleet war memorial, is named after the Gurkhas.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Settlement_rights">Settlement rights</h4></div> <p>A 2008 <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">UK High Court</a> decision on a test case in London, <i>R. (on the application of Limbu) v Secretary of State for the Home Department</i> [2008] EWHC 2261 (Admin), acknowledged the "debt of honour" to Gurkhas discharged before 1997. The Home Secretary's policy allowing veterans to apply on a limited set of criteria (such as connection to the United Kingdom) was quashed as being unduly restrictive. The Court found that the Gurkhas had suffered a "historic injustice" and that the policy was irrational in failing to take into account factors such as length of service or particularly meritorious conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Nepal">Military of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Gurkha War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gurkha_Welfare_Trust" title="The Gurkha Welfare Trust">The Gurkha Welfare Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gurkha_Museum" title="The Gurkha Museum">The Gurkha Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">History of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Ethnic groups in Nepal">Ethnic groups in Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Minahan2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2002" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (30 May 2002). <i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 679. <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gwt.org.uk&rft.atitle=%C2%BB+About+the+Gurkhas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwt.org.uk%2Fabout-the-gurkhas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gwt.org.uk/about-the-gurkhas/gurkhas/">"Who Are Gurkhas?"</a>. <i>Gurkha Welfare Trust</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042726/https://www.gwt.org.uk/about-the-gurkhas/gurkhas/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gurkha+Welfare+Trust&rft.atitle=Who+Are+Gurkhas%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwt.org.uk%2Fabout-the-gurkhas%2Fgurkhas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-2010_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-2010_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-10782099">"Who are the Gurkhas?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 27 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506195218/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-10782099">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Photius.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927001937/http://www.photius.com/countries/nepal/national_security/nepal_national_security_origins_of_the_legen~10146.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal+Origins+of+the+Legendary+Gurkha+%E2%80%93+Flags%2C+Maps%2C+Economy%2C+History%2C+Climate%2C+Natural+Resources%2C+Current+Issues%2C+International+Agreements%2C+Population%2C+Social+Statistics%2C+Political+System&rft.pub=Photius.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photius.com%2Fcountries%2Fnepal%2Fnational_security%2Fnepal_national_security_origins_of_the_legen~10146.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200558-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200558_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200557-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200557_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120403165108/http://www.army.mod.uk/gurkhas/history.aspx">"History of the Brigade of Gurkhas"</a>. <i>Brigade of Gurkhas</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/gurkhas/history.aspx">the original</a> on 3 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brigade+of+Gurkhas&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Brigade+of+Gurkhas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fgurkhas%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreets2004" class="citation book cs1">Streets, Heather (2004). <i>Martial races: the military, race and masculinity in British imperial culture, 1857–1914</i>. Manchester University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BscnZT_1po8C&pg=PA79">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-6962-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-6962-9"><bdi>0-7190-6962-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martial+races%3A+the+military%2C+race+and+masculinity+in+British+imperial+culture%2C+1857%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7190-6962-9&rft.aulast=Streets&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200562–63-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200562–63_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell1993[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrZ9HeuRZvTMCpgPA13_13]-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell1993[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrZ9HeuRZvTMCpgPA13_13]_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChappell1993">Chappell 1993</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ9HeuRZvTMC&pg=PA13">13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Baker, Margaret (2008). <i>Discovering London Statues and Monuments</i>. Vol. 42 of Shire Discovering (5, illustrated ed.). Osprey Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pVJLa5jgzQ4C&pg=PA18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7478-0495-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7478-0495-6"><bdi>978-0-7478-0495-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+London+Statues+and+Monuments&rft.pages=18&rft.edition=5%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7478-0495-6&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1997221-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997221_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997221_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997221_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh1997">Singh 1997</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1997220–221-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1997220–221_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh1997">Singh 1997</a>, pp. 220–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200579-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200579_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005xvii_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell19939-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell19939_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChappell1993">Chappell 1993</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker200599-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker200599_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sengupta 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005117–118-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005117–118_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005121-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005121_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005150-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005150_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more detail see <a href="#CITEREFBarthorp2002">Barthorp 2002</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cross31-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cross31_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross31_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross & Gurung 2002, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005157–158-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005157–158_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, pp. 157–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cross32-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cross32_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross32_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross32_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross32_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross & Gurung 2002, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osprey Military Elite Series #49 The Gurkhas by Mike Chappell 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-357-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-357-5">1-85532-357-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PARTICIPANTS-INDIAN-SUBCONTINENT-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PARTICIPANTS-INDIAN-SUBCONTINENT_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgtrust.org/ind2.htm">"Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the Second World War"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113150835/http://www.mgtrust.org/ind2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Participants+from+the+Indian+subcontinent+in+the+Second+World+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mgtrust.org%2Find2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. xvii. Gurkha casualties in the Second World War were 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross & Gurung 2002, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cross34-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cross34_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross34_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross34_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross34_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross34_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross & Gurung 2002, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: Cross & Gurung 2002, pp. 33–34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oob115-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oob115_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oob115_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oob115_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oob115_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120225212041/http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=63267&Tab=Sub">"115 Infantry Brigade Subordanates"</a>. Order of Battle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=63267&Tab=Sub">the original</a> on 25 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=115+Infantry+Brigade+Subordanates&rft.pub=Order+of+Battle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordersofbattle.com%2FUnitData.aspx%3FUniX%3D63267%26Tab%3DSub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1997/gurkhas/36397.stm">"The Gurkhas - Britain's oldest allies"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 December 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219004652/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1997/gurkhas/36397.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Gurkhas+-+Britain%27s+oldest+allies&rft.date=1997-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1997%2Fgurkhas%2F36397.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005224-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005224_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005224_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005226-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005226_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005229-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005229_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005229_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005322–323-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005322–323_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, pp. 322–323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005323-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005323_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005344-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005344_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005360-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005360_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Army, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk/html5/reader/production/default.aspx?pubname=&edid=0377652b-c123-4bff-8806-61b9af842025">August 2021 Soldier Magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802104915/https://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk/html5/reader/production/default.aspx?pubname=&edid=0377652b-c123-4bff-8806-61b9af842025">Archived</a> 2 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Retrieved 13 August 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13619825">"Bravery medal for Gurkha who fought Taliban"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 1 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905193408/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13619825">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Frontier+Force%3A+Invaluable+yet+Inconspicuous&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedefencearchive.com%2Fpost%2Fspecial-frontier-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005391–393-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005391–393_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, pp. 391–393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205193507/http://army.mod.uk/gurkhas/7561.aspx">"Brigade of Gurkhas; Honours and Awards: Victoria Cross"</a>. <i>British Army</i>. Ministry of Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://army.mod.uk/gurkhas/7561.aspx">the original</a> on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Army&rft.atitle=Brigade+of+Gurkhas%3B+Honours+and+Awards%3A+Victoria+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmy.mod.uk%2Fgurkhas%2F7561.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525075456/http://prideofindia.net/param.html">"Param Vir Chakra"</a>. <i>Pride of India.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prideofindia.net/param.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pride+of+India.net&rft.atitle=Param+Vir+Chakra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prideofindia.net%2Fparam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/medals-campaigns-descriptions-and-eligibility">"Decorations, Gallantry and Distinguished Conduct medals: George Cross"</a>. <i>UK Government</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623150944/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/medals-campaigns-descriptions-and-eligibility">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Government&rft.atitle=Decorations%2C+Gallantry+and+Distinguished+Conduct+medals%3A+George+Cross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fguidance%2Fmedals-campaigns-descriptions-and-eligibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005334-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005334_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, p. 334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gurkha_justice-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gurkha_justice_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumley" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Lumley, Joanna</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gurkhajustice.org.uk/">"Gurkha Justice Campaign"</a>. Gurkha Justice Campaign. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723232706/http://gurkhajustice.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gurkha+Justice+Campaign&rft.pub=Gurkha+Justice+Campaign&rft.aulast=Lumley&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgurkhajustice.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gurkha_judgement-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gurkha_judgement_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paragraph 72, Limbu & Ors, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department & Ors <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2008/2261.html">2008 EWHC 2261</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017165920/http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2008/2261.html">Archived</a> 17 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Admin) (30 September 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_764-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_764_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7644441.stm">"Gurkhas win right to stay in UK"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801111643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7644441.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gurkhas+win+right+to+stay+in+UK&rft.date=2008-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F7644441.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_802-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_802_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8023882.stm">"Brown defeated over Gurkha rules"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 April 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226224824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8023882.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2011</span>. <q>Gordon Brown's government has suffered a shock defeat in the Commons on its policy of restricting the right of many former Gurkhas to settle in the UK. MPs voted by 267 to 246 for a Lib Dem motion offering all Gurkhas equal right of residence, with the Tories and 27 Labour rebels backing it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brown+defeated+over+Gurkha+rules&rft.date=2009-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fpolitics%2F8023882.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_806-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_806_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8060607.stm">"Gurkhas win right to settle in UK"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031114509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8060607.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2011</span>. <q>All Gurkha veterans who retired before 1997 with at least four years' service will be allowed to settle in the UK, Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has said. Ms Smith told MPs she was 'proud to offer this country's welcome to all who have served in the brigade of Gurkhas'. It comes after a high-profile campaign by Joanna Lumley and other supporters of Gurkha rights – and an embarrassing Commons defeat for the government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gurkhas+win+right+to+settle+in+UK&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fpolitics%2F8060607.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2005379–383-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2005379–383_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2005">Parker 2005</a>, pp. 379–383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gurkha200.co.uk/">"Gurkha 200"</a>. <i>Gurkha 200</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530025326/http://www.gurkha200.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gurkha+200&rft.atitle=Gurkha+200&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gurkha200.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fleethants.com/allhistory/gurkhas/main1.htm">"The Brigade of Gurkhas"</a>. <i>www.fleethants.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913185226/http://www.fleethants.com/allhistory/gurkhas/main1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fleethants.com&rft.atitle=The+Brigade+of+Gurkhas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fleethants.com%2Fallhistory%2Fgurkhas%2Fmain1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7644441.stm">"Gurkhas win right to stay in UK"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081002005652/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7644441.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gurkhas+win+right+to+stay+in+UK&rft.date=2008-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F7644441.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In August 2021, the battalion added the subtitle 'Gurkha'. Though the battalion has had Gurkhas for many years, it is now officially been subsumed into the Brigade of Gurkhas.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarthorp2002" class="citation book cs1">Barthorp, Michael (2002). <i>Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier 1839–1947</i>. Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-36294-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-36294-8"><bdi>0-304-36294-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghan+Wars+and+the+North-West+Frontier+1839%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-304-36294-8&rft.aulast=Barthorp&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Chappell, Mike (1993). <i>The Gurkhas</i>. Vol. 49 of Elite series (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-357-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-357-5"><bdi>978-1-85532-357-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gurkhas&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-357-5&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chauhan, Dr. Sumerendra Vir Singh (1996). <i>The Way of Sacrifice: The Rajputs</i>, pp. 28–30, Graduate Thesis, South Asian Studies Department, Dr. Joseph T. O'Connell, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.</li> <li>Cross, J.P & Buddhiman Gurung (2002) <i>Gurkhas at War: Eyewitness Accounts from World War II to Iraq</i>. Greenhill Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-727-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-727-4">978-1-85367-727-4</a>.</li> <li>Ember, Carol & Ember, Melvin. (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures</i>. Springer. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-47770-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-47770-X">0-306-47770-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2005" class="citation book cs1">Parker, John (2005). <i>The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers</i>. Headline Book Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1415-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1415-7"><bdi>978-0-7553-1415-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gurkhas%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+the+World%27s+Most+Feared+Soldiers&rft.pub=Headline+Book+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7553-1415-7&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Poddar, Prem and Anmole Prasad (2009). <i>Gorkhas Imagined: I.B. Rai in Translation</i>. Mukti Prakashan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-909354-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-909354-0-1">978-81-909354-0-1</a></li> <li>Purushottam Sham Shere J B Rana (1998). <i>Jung Bahadur Rana-The Story of His Rise and Glory</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7303-087-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-7303-087-1">81-7303-087-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta2007" class="citation news cs1">Sengupta, Kim (9 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724210035/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-battle-for-parity-victory-for-the-gurkhas-439464.html">"The Battle for Parity: Victory for the Gurkhas"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-battle-for-parity-victory-for-the-gurkhas-439464.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Parity%3A+Victory+for+the+Gurkhas&rft.date=2007-03-09&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fthe-battle-for-parity-victory-for-the-gurkhas-439464.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1997" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Nagendra Kr (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aaog6bnQlNYC"><i>Nepal: Refugee to Ruler: A Militant Race of Nepal</i></a>. APH Publishing. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170248477" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170248477"><bdi>978-8170248477</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nepal%3A+Refugee+to+Ruler%3A+A+Militant+Race+of+Nepal&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-8170248477&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Nagendra+Kr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAaog6bnQlNYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tod, James & Crooke, William (eds.) (1920). <i>Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan</i>. 3 Volumes. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi. Reprinted 1994.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Austin, Ian and Thakur Nahar Singh Jasol. (eds.) <i>The Mewar Encyclopedia</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Austin, Ian (1999). <i>Mewar – The World's Longest Serving Dynasty</i>. Roli Books, Delhi/The House of Mewar.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_staff2007" class="citation news cs1">BBC staff (2 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6715743.stm">"Gurkha tells of citizenship joy"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gurkha+tells+of+citizenship+joy&rft.date=2007-06-02&rft.au=BBC+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F6715743.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Davenport, Hugh (1975). <i>The Trials and Triumphs of the Mewar Kingdom</i>. Maharana Mewar Charitable Foundation, Udaipur.</li> <li>Farwell, Byron (1985). <i>The Gurkhas.</i> W.W. Norton & Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-30714-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-30714-X">0-393-30714-X</a></li> <li>Goswami, C.G. and M.N. Mathur. <i>Mewar and Udaipur</i>. Himnashu Publications, Udaipur-New Delhi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Griffiths, Neil. Gurkha Walking books: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208165044/http://www.cualann-scottish-books.co.uk/books/hebgurkha.htm">'Hebridean Gurkha</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208164541/http://www.cualann-scottish-books.co.uk/books/ghigh.htm">'Gurkha Highlander'</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070801202220/http://www.cualann-scottish-books.co.uk/books/greiver.htm">'Gurkha Reiver'</a>. Neil takes a Scottish cross-country walk with Gurkhas every year to raise funds for the Gurkha Welfare Trust.</li> <li>Latimer, Jon (2004). <i>Burma: The Forgotten War</i>, London: John Murray. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-6576-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-6576-2">978-0-7195-6576-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Masters" title="John Masters">Masters, John</a> (1956). <i> Bugles and a Tiger</i> – autobiography of the life and times of a British officer serving with a Gurkha regiment in India in the run up to World War II</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPemble2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pemble, John (2009). "Forgetting and Remembering Britain's Gurkha War". <i>Asian Affairs</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 361–376. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03068370903195154">10.1080/03068370903195154</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159606340">159606340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=Forgetting+and+Remembering+Britain%27s+Gurkha+War&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=361-376&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03068370903195154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159606340%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pemble&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span> Contains a historiographical analysis of the Gurkha "legend".</li> <li>Seear, Mike (2002). <i>With The Gurkhas in the Falklands</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9556237-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9556237-0-7">978-0-9556237-0-7</a></li> <li>Tucci, Sandro (1985). <i>Gurkhas</i>. H. Hamilton. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-11690-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-241-11690-2">0-241-11690-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gurkha" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gurkha">Gurkha</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gurkha"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gurkha">"Gurkha" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gurkha&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurkha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gurkhakukriknife.com/">Gurkha kukri Knife: The traditional lethal Gurkha weapon.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425012732/http://nepalkhukurihouse.com/">About Gurkhas and Gurkha Knives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502192752/http://www.thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/">Gurkha Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040529161508/http://www.army.mod.uk/brigade_of_gurkhas/gurkha_employment/tpa/">The Tripartite Agreement (TPA) 1947</a>, British Ministry of Defence</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040805213553/http://www.nepalesekhukuri.com/vcs.html">Twenty-Six Victoria Crosses have been won by Gurkha Regiments</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecosmosphere.com/land-of-the-gurkhas/">Land of Gurkhas, a video footage from 1957</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230172355/http://www.lionheartedboys.com/">British, Indian, France Army training</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nepal_topics" title="Template:Nepal topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nepal_topics" title="Template talk:Nepal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nepal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nepal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nepal_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nepal" title="Outline of Nepal">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shakya" title="Shakya">Shakya Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_Buddha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (mother of Buddha)">Maya (mother of Buddha)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kirata_kingdom" title="Kirata kingdom">Kirata kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Yalamber">Yalamber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Licchavi_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Licchavi (kingdom)">Lichchhavi rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manadeva" title="Manadeva">Manadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amshuverma" title="Amshuverma">Amshuverma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhrikuti" title="Bhrikuti">Bhrikuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araniko" title="Araniko">Araniko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Medieval<br />and<br />modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arimalla" title="Arimalla">Arimalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasa_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasa kingdom">Khasa kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise_Rajya" title="Baise Rajya">Baise Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaubisi_Rajya" title="Chaubisi Rajya">Chaubisi Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Mandala" title="Nepal Mandala"> Newa kingdoms</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Early Shah rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Nepal" title="Unification of Nepal">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Kalu Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Nepal" title="List of monarchs of Nepal">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sugauli" title="Treaty of Sugauli">Treaty of Sugauli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rana_dynasty" title="Rana dynasty">Rana rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kot_massacre" title="Kot massacre">Kot massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Tibet_War_(1855%E2%80%931856)" title="Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)">Tibetan War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Thapathali" title="Treaty of Thapathali">Treaty of Thapathali</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamjang_and_Kaski" title="Lamjang and Kaski">Lamjang and Kaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvan_of_Nepal" title="Tribhuvan of Nepal">Tribhuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Britain_Treaty_of_1923" title="Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923">Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Rana and <a href="/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)" title="Panchayat (Nepal)">Panchayat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Nepalese_revolution" title="1951 Nepalese revolution">1951 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)" title="Panchayat (Nepal)">Panchayat system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Village_National_Campaign" title="Back to the Village National Campaign">Back to the Village campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Multi-party democracy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">Jana Andolan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Royal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nepal_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Nepal coup d'état">2005 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">Jana Andolan II</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 earthquake - <a href="/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="April 2015 Nepal earthquake">April</a> - <a href="/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="May 2015 Nepal earthquake">May</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Nepal" title="List of mountains in Nepal">Mountains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kanchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">Makalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">Dhaulagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manaslu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna" title="Annapurna">Annapurna</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Nepal" title="List of cities in Nepal">Cities of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley" title="Kathmandu Valley">Kathmandu Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Terai_Valleys_of_Nepal" title="Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal">Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siliguri_Corridor" title="Siliguri Corridor">Siliguri Corridor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Chicken's Neck)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Nepal" title="List of rivers of Nepal">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_River,_China-Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arun River, China-Nepal">Arun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara" title="Ghaghara">Karnali <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ghaghara)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Koshi River">Koshi <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kosi)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Narayani <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gandaki)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rapti_River" title="West Rapti River">West Rapti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Nepal" title="Environmental issues in Nepal">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Nepal" title="Climate change in Nepal">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Nepal" title="Deforestation in Nepal">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Nepal" title="List of protected areas of Nepal">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Nepal" title="Wildlife of Nepal">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nepal" title="Politics of Nepal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Constituent_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nepal" title="Elections in Nepal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nepal" title="Foreign relations of Nepal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Armed_Forces" title="Nepalese Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(Nepal)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (Nepal)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Assembly (Nepal)">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nepal" title="List of political parties in Nepal">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Nepal" title="Communism in Nepal">Communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nepal" title="List of heads of state of Nepal">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nepal" title="Vice President of Nepal">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal"><span style="font-size:85%;">list</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Nepal" title="Council of Ministers of Nepal">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nepal" title="Supreme Court of Nepal">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Nepal" title="Chief Justice of Nepal">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nepal" title="Administrative divisions of Nepal">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Nepal" title="List of districts of Nepal">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Nepal" title="Provinces of Nepal">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nepal" title="Municipalities of Nepal">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaunpalika" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaunpalika">Rural Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Nepal" title="List of cities in Nepal">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatpur,_Nepal" title="Bharatpur, Nepal">Bharatpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biratnagar" title="Biratnagar">Biratnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgunj" title="Birgunj">Birgunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damak" class="mw-redirect" title="Damak">Damak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetauda" title="Hetauda">Hetauda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itahari" title="Itahari">Itahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpurdham" class="mw-redirect" title="Janakpurdham">Janakpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu <span style="font-size:85%;">(capital)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal" title="Lalitpur, Nepal">Lalitpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalgunj" title="Nepalgunj">Nepalgunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhara" title="Pokhara">Pokhara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nepal" title="Economy of Nepal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nepal" title="Agriculture in Nepal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nepal" title="Energy in Nepal">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Nepal" title="Child labour in Nepal">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Nepal" title="List of companies of Nepal">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Free_Trade_Area" title="South Asian Free Trade Area">South Asian Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Nepal" title="Squatting in Nepal">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nepal" title="Telecommunications in Nepal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nepal" title="Tourism in Nepal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nepal" title="Transport in Nepal">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Nepal" title="Labour in Nepal">Workforce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nepal" title="Culture of Nepal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nepal_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nepal" title="Demographics of Nepal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nepal" title="Education in Nepal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal" title="Music of Nepal">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurkhas/Gorkhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Nepal" title="International rankings of Nepal">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Nepal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy" title="Nepal Academy">Nepal Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Nepal Academy of Fine Arts">Nepal Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis" title="Nepalis">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Ethnic groups in Nepal">Ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nepal" title="Public holidays in Nepal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Nepal" title="Hinduism in Nepal">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nepal" title="Islam in Nepal">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nepal" title="Christianity in Nepal">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Nepal" title="Sports in Nepal">Sport</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Nepal" title="List of festivals in Nepal">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashain" title="Dashain">Dashain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihar_(festival)" title="Tihar (festival)">Tihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohani" title="Mohani">Mohani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanti_(festival)" title="Swanti (festival)"> Swonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankha_Yatra" title="Dipankha Yatra">Dipankha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim holidays">Eid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yomari_punhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yomari punhi">Yomari Punhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadhimai_festival" title="Gadhimai festival">Gadhimai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Jayanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Jayanti">Buddha Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhauli" title="Udhauli">Udhauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubhauli" title="Ubhauli">Ubhauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Chhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasok_Tangnam" title="Chasok Tangnam">Chasok Tangnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhechu" title="Chhechu">Chhechu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatra_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatra (Nepal)">Jatra</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Celebrations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Celebrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nwaran" title="Nwaran">Nwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasni_(celebration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasni (celebration)">Pasni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Bratabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihi" title="Ihi">Ihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahra_ceremony" title="Bahra ceremony"> Bahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81ddha" title="Śrāddha">Shraddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nepal" title="Abortion in Nepal">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch-hunts_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch-hunts in Nepal">Witch-hunts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Nepal" title="Capital punishment in Nepal">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Nepal" title="Health in Nepal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nepal" title="Human rights in Nepal">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nepal">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Nepal" title="Women's rights in Nepal">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Nepal" title="Human trafficking in Nepal">Human trafficking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nepal" title="Outline of Nepal">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nepal" title="Outline of Nepal">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Nepal" title="Bibliography of Nepal">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nepal" title="Category:Nepal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gurkha_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gurkha" title="Template:Gurkha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gurkha" title="Template talk:Gurkha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gurkha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gurkha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gurkha_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurkha</a> topics</i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Gorakhnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khukuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khukuri">Khukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepali people">Nepali people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khas_people" title="Khas people">Khas people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_people" title="Rai people">Rai people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_people" title="Gurung people">Gurung people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Magar people">Magar people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Gorkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese Gorkha">Burmese Gorkha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurkha_Soldier_Monument,_London_-_April_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg/100px-Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg/150px-Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg/200px-Gurkha_Soldier_Monument%2C_London_-_April_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="4187" /></a></span><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_armies" title="Presidency armies">East India Company Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain%E2%80%93India%E2%80%93Nepal_Tripartite_Agreement" title="Britain–India–Nepal Tripartite Agreement">Britain–India–Nepal Tripartite Agreement</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nepal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Army">Nepalese Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gorkha_regiments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_regiments_(India)" title="Gorkha regiments (India)">Gorkha regiments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Gorkha Rifles">1st Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Gorkha_Rifles" title="3rd Gorkha Rifles">3rd Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="4th Gorkha Rifles">4th Gorkha Rifles</a> (battalions:<a href="/wiki/5th_Battalion,_4_Gorkha_Rifles" title="5th Battalion, 4 Gorkha Rifles">5th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Gorkha Rifles">5th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="8th Gorkha Rifles">8th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="9th Gorkha Rifles">9th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="11th Gorkha Rifles">11th Gorkha Rifles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Brigade_of_Gurkhas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Brigade of Gurkhas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Gurkhas_Nepal" title="British Gurkhas Nepal">British Gurkhas Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Royal Gurkha Rifles</a> (emblem:<a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Truncheon" title="Queen's Truncheon">Queen's Truncheon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Queen%27s_Own_Gurkha_Logistic_Regiment_RLC" title="10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC">10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gurkha_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gurkha Engineers">Queen's Gurkha Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gurkha_Signals" title="Queen's Gurkha Signals">Queen's Gurkha Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas">Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Gurkha Rifles">2nd Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Gurkha Rifles">6th Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Gurkha Rifles">7th Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Gurkha Rifles">10th Gurkha Rifles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Reserve_Unit" title="Gurkha Reserve Unit">Gurkha Reserve Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Contingent" title="Gurkha Contingent">Gurkha Contingent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Kalu Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Nepalese war">Anglo-Nepalese war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Thapa" title="Amar Singh Thapa">Amar Singh Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Thapa" title="Bhakti Thapa">Bhakti Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujir_Singh_Thapa" title="Ujir Singh Thapa">Ujir Singh Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulbir_Thapa" title="Kulbir Thapa">Kulbir Thapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganju_Lama" title="Ganju Lama">Ganju Lama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Shrestha" title="Bishnu Shrestha">Bishnu Shrestha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Welfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Justice_Campaign" title="Gurkha Justice Campaign">Gurkha Justice Campaign</a> (people:<a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gurkha_Welfare_Trust" title="The Gurkha Welfare Trust">The Gurkha Welfare Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brigade_of_Gurkhas_recipients_of_the_Victoria_Cross" title="List of Brigade of Gurkhas recipients of the Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gurkha_Museum" title="The Gurkha Museum">The Gurkha Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Gorkha_Dakshina_Bahu" title="Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu">Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkhaland_movement" title="Gorkhaland movement">Gorkhaland movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Beer" title="Gorkha Beer">Gorkha Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Airlines" title="Gorkha Airlines">Gorkha Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Municipality" title="Gorkha Municipality">Gorkha Municipality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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