CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a6803fecbfe8c',cH: 'mvo2aTstjoGcnklv38tb8E6mZewbhGTOm.8O6u7YhQQ-1740011617-1.2.1.1-wNHWyI.tWvMl2xSC3sD6aCyMw_2NO3CyO.jjNNVNdoRMMZj6Mo71VdOCMBQeXIoc',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Wind%20tunnel%20testing&__cf_chl_tk=y31b0q7BZLqPK2MsoHIrSIlkhWrc.BpntEYr0q8PolM-1740011617-1.0.1.1-wkuslfist9JVlVux01GB64wcP8lKLXheMR.8UXOdCT0",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740011617',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/search?q=Wind%20tunnel%20testing&__cf_chl_f_tk=y31b0q7BZLqPK2MsoHIrSIlkhWrc.BpntEYr0q8PolM-1740011617-1.0.1.1-wkuslfist9JVlVux01GB64wcP8lKLXheMR.8UXOdCT0",md: "Y8NDjPrVDIGgu3m6qUvBla348kj3JbcVne2fW8oCr8g-1740011617-1.2.1.1-dFYeHAaS1BDMifdGHvr.pny0F_qhemgqKZdsh8xGqAANupLanM06c7k12SMzlIj0kbWaabwWf1BkxkScxnltkYSf4S3g9zSC_RtdRrlrmdQOlc_GquSdlrfl9vc4U8AEFpEPZ4hwsLBsZdfuqj.08ZkBNDBadmx2f0YA7.kKm14T.Ff5md.ch60dCNPUe900HPjPv6Lwykey80V30umfEuoxc4rnvUxubfE0V_fAdl_3_pK_x6wIy44lHIEeA40QK.NBsY_WeCjDyQJ3kvp8MPJdIeZ8GM0tM2EyJxGsbchAe4u.KhBUkkJwaIDfw7SNUOpa_dqiveqVo9.Cii1ZZKFVVXCuPG0XO_mYiH_PbGtoCJfxppDnTu81VRFBn0a2ZAUyelJoQeI3qEsEkEpZvrAssbDTmGoYgwZJwZTWZXTG2n2lFM3opRV05OkTUZqO9U1_.GT8TslQ2AGPd9brZGpzlnH1BntkXUgphOM1VOZg_V1fVMoBwlt6.FSrh6cGgeHIYm1YXTGsIJv8YAKvYxr8qmu7zj.JV.UUCz15f4TyzaUcrIkD77lIRWYJPqBcs3S.CZ4_aGlw43waGn6ud6IxplWri_fQr4d.hZ0zvQVwrAKpTul.YmQ.HqaixWas.U1.JEcGu1nzTTgy.29t_rBstyCpzFKY3Dcz0uKmiz52iJTA6yC9YpU4tI8LRn1Xhd6LDvLvZD1ObyJDOy6_G6GSx5rUczoe5Ao1nXTMa7RTk4MQj2fLFloMmlRqbtBB5zOboDgAs_8lvtGYXykWvOxhMTTWGHVaJu_7wXmGyjcDqH9K4EJSZ_f3LbKcV_uudmZXe9RDBnRa8.mbHYI0HffVm_g99aVXESqXoBvO9nI4LsAKaFKOUAR6moaWmmBD6r8THg6V3heSlTLhOpj_iuG99NYQC5V94LT44thHy0zTsEa95cRqSoXh7c53PWA1Y6X_lChRi4tSDvtRpdXo5x4RrPwA8QWvha6qBYTgtcgsxmbkh9fKdOR4_TyBj45aJbCUeUJgrvLyYVkmf.ron5hveVHnMg9fd0gAoNerl2X3JnWQk2_vK.f.CGXsWG7LOvZJgfa0A1HrBUnXmoAENehA4x0U_TkGDu2xRiVozlivJjD2ldTKUoO2se3.3XVF.0Ms2567NEJCSi_jHLe25qq9IJ0UBkpTriKq6n.LKC2CTojaTLzZOfe4ATQnGljDMpvuNeom0hD_cXCsh_z6JRuOCgLr_HoSCpeDEAhlKtIX7nxnOZjZpJS6uy1dPfw_NL7mOFx7rsz0JeFA_WkMV8w9EttpMo8WRasU1xrsEdy2M0PwR0lbhr_VsQAqpt2IlKu0DVRKUp0HGFObkvROZPO49wPoz0CZRMA0FMKxc8D8SOufgXNEcJucgMN2jS1vEJOpaCDkvemwO7OA30o6dWz_87FIHkruOeJIjh4VVY3M4zILG2e8lqsSMEmUOo4MhRMDHHuJTU.ksBYW2IPvAAapmqErCTomOVcxaPGQ9PW7OfXc7WoP5cjS6Rpu66kDt_nt6FWQ8R8wnd5bhdU7TcILB2w4tLp3OXUEe8i7T2nc49ouSV45CfR0dannCJ.FG.YQG9bQ4XLhrSF_uxMJ_fWTAH.V.HQXSf2MBtnnDY6hrJYTRkOCphrrpIGrtNiisX7xG7lDUWYC6ZQp3x72uDYLk.GNX6kLGR0wEzIDymipnmeFvBxxNWqcekVzdfPznB_MGNk.6nFYpyMNjDs3jkgA867_nOk9yVyn.wHhHpnNeTX.8KByHYNOMv84ttS8EMPR5_98EI1DdIglumKyAKBqjuhu8Eu2I1XPk51jDd7VvTCUzPMd6dISKejfvLLrew9ECR6bOczSAd.lromT6PSXK90hFCa7OxwNpF9YANXuqzkVveyOSfoJosQkhm1_F.TvXDnk0eeoWJnFsi73IdWS_JczOMH2DO9GCnRXH7s",mdrd: ".khavv8QVuhn.XQMVig_W85vGuqDLGKYJU__oDzRHFk-1740011617-1.2.1.1-7fQdUm.QK0TLDQhN0FfEFAJZSNi0NoqcceCVxE6MymafzIcp3QVM8qGlEL58a478nOCltjP92nc_wOtdnZG8HDqGEGyrtC1oZrOBdUrh3lbDUZl3se07z9RSLvcj4Vz37_n5wwKITDF3wVoMoug932IL5JYmqsa3AFLoW9HOGJwMPne4DO5WETSbaG3fGDXMJO2t1190zSFr.poDVXP6oRBlTg7kjHq1782KeqG0077b.r9qCnJfOR2FvtnLHWK3rlAVwvPMdw8BDZggas9X8tLZ_SqBZguabegA1eKpuGS4jsGTTkkVahQ_QvM0xZjFvcd_FpCVCNfLnla1NCc_pTtrMaBNOn8xSzbj5SWZEMb7N_SHm3iX57_GUL5gLBwnGrxyXaEvlOc69.mMd4uPb1Dsv0TdB8aVfiV.N2hWrWdujjFr5g1RM9YcU8TUwvM6hYJE7yni.z0KmQI5zppHvkCryfxT621lHbeIqKoL0PB6Iy2xlVb1eQlidUrRDLEWRw8bQPp31153wNBBY5xAZuv2VhZ34yxc5YXQcEUV85UwhsdjogNKbfdBQ1jeJRGBj6wH6w5p8.MUU7W9o38JHM1L4aUU7r2rO.OJC4RGXgxZN4tO_mnfAii.Xgutx.KmgrGn0ABhVzQAIrU0Qcw3zBHn0MEYqzvzpxiVCxpMe5bdqdj4Ond4yAMI8S7u4X97WSOXmdQ8LexzW.EZOujEutPaCu9aXAzsJIjBIqmc_D7om890o5Gf0K5qXjPae145Tkavv61zKZNDiQRS69tD2IowzOcl8wooCDg8ovgQ2J97vbatEcvZwbm656bG.E917MD6EsbqZRhJPeVxn2kEVcEog08E0yCZH37c4akow1N7p5theD7scH3OpOhGIhY8u6zycc1_uCCU1fAgo5crq8sgcSdcsgGwdNWO6_a.GR_LbbNyOjMalgodKYw5pg282jWMA2JNYI9_KkZ4a_Y0CHyAKP35.Z14rRlErDXgIVn7Z3vHjqEoJE4RLNPl1vdYRtjVWmDAr6qRg37V8yeqkqzugdKd_dMBWTgBKnwcvL0E3ymqV1oB2sXSgZGd4kSj89BoSUB_bDGQiHFo2EGepWW_FBYyjGS92FylMAVjWpyYy8eRuF8RrEhLwtzvIDqfzAYD3.OeLhJXTcrs73C_wdw0eSk4as9Ule2gVjxAtnaDlVi9CFbLaMGp1lICjSOfnAbxItVMKH7.6aqmd51cft8YBxpGgwWQiUPRfRRvhVXzW.Q5TvnSrrt0EZRaVTrkrEnVbUnio4GkEGD.Hfg8GtQ6xr0RVk1e7sM6c1koBSnQHSF1YmoYsEd_ePMjcRecQZVvglAue_3ivlfJ9pqjY8dwqJaIHShsxQjpq59m0lAB24w4Gjl6nDWa6RM6cZv7HwpFOLUjm1lbbHKrU7VFW8P.vF99M59yhv2cahD5FA0dEKcJduRDxDVVTI6I.6ojirVJ6IZo_zZrF0VBO858WTZKT2ZE6TNfnOEQvGibilUN9sFVmlQj8vCS5ly6UXl0aP7N804Z1XDfzU9vtwPfDD3Pnl6mQP4jdRs4skuxA.diilq.UgN268XXlqkYMOvKsnyQ_ewRSVCa7q6PII3KwkouzEIbL5oHdE9Gz8JnGe7cDVBuz6mf9jrzPFbF1.io37.4hqKETYwTD._nmdJy0Uj5ZrxXZHklfXVhYFJapAxmdtvFtLMqBaqPysqak1Yt.8DsdBMTimAFISduLKbwQISYrbvJwNdqedYT0QFx9OzkgIpUthffbOHDQ_uEMvvg3MnJR9Ny93Y8L.E8kwaGtqP4N4EvefQh42120tP7O0Z6.GxLXpxIgwQ4MQQ93Ee4LPZS0xy9yli85MGOmmsSFXLjy.I0fvMNWGgZ1lUMf2VEUHA7xjATM5TLA4ZinqnDJMQPJ0jCh7Dyfw6btqTa80RYNM8rcNAqURbi6hto_ba8aTTLxmPLgbjtIopPML4bGwZ90aY8pnjGuW64s.hMrg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a6803fecbfe8c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Wind%20tunnel%20testing&__cf_chl_rt_tk=y31b0q7BZLqPK2MsoHIrSIlkhWrc.BpntEYr0q8PolM-1740011617-1.0.1.1-wkuslfist9JVlVux01GB64wcP8lKLXheMR.8UXOdCT0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>