CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mangalia: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5d141f0a-5b25-4a53-9940-3334bac46044","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mangalia","wgTitle":"Mangalia","wgCurRevisionId":1253314621,"wgRevisionId":1225726429,"wgArticleId":391807,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)","Articles needing additional references from August 2023","All articles needing additional references","Use dmy dates from April 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with Romanian IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations", "Commons category link is on Wikidata","Mangalia","Populated places established in the 6th century BC","Greek colonies in Scythia Minor","Populated places in Constanța County","Localities in Northern Dobruja","Populated coastal places in Romania","Cities in Romania","Port cities and towns in Romania","Spa towns in Romania","Byzantine sites in Romania","Roman towns and cities in Romania"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mangalia","wgRelevantArticleId":391807,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search": true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":1218308809,"wgDiffNewId":1225726429,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":43.81722222222223,"lon":28.58277777777778},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q467498","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff","ext.cite.ux-enhancements", "ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimp_Romania.jpg/1200px-Olimp_Romania.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimp_Romania.jpg/800px-Olimp_Romania.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimp_Romania.jpg/640px-Olimp_Romania.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mangalia: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mangalia rootpage-Mangalia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mangalia&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1225726429" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mangalia&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1225726429" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mangalia&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1225726429" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mangalia&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1225726429" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourist_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tourist attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourist attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Natives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mangalia: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مانغالايا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانغالايا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqaliya" title="Manqaliya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manqaliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="منگلیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منگلیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мангалія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мангалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мангалія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мангалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%86" title="मंगलिआ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मंगलिआ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мангалия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мангалия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipiul_Mangalia" title="Municipiul Mangalia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Municipiul Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Μανγκάλια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μανγκάλια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="منگلیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منگلیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="만갈리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만갈리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მანგალია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანგალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callatis" title="Callatis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Callatis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مانجاليا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مانجاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="マンガリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンガリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankaliya" title="Mankaliya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mankaliya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мангалия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мангалия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Мангалија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мангалија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C5%A1tina_Mangalia,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Opština Mangalia, Constanța – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opština Mangalia, Constanța" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мангалия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мангалия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankalya" title="Mankalya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mankalya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мангалія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мангалія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalia" title="Mangalia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mangalia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="曼加利亞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼加利亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q467498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangalia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mangalia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangalia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=edit&oldid=1225726429" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangalia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=edit&oldid=1225726429" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mangalia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mangalia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&oldid=1225726429" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mangalia&id=1225726429&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMangalia%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1225726429"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMangalia%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1225726429"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Mangalia&returnto=Mangalia&oldid=1225726429&writer=rl" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mangalia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mangalia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q467498" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mangalia&params=43_49_02_N_28_34_58_E_region:RO_type:city(3220)_dim:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°49′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°34′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.81722°N 28.58278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.81722; 28.58278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Help</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=prev&oldid=1218308809" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Mangalia">← Previous edit</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=next&oldid=1225726429" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-next" title="Mangalia">Next edit →</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Inline","title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=prev&oldid=1225726429&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=prev&oldid=1225726429&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&oldid=1218308809" title="Mangalia">Revision as of 23:23, 10 April 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=edit&oldid=1218308809" title="Mangalia">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-04-10T23:23:29Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:FrozenIcicle" class="mw-userlink" title="User:FrozenIcicle" data-mw-revid="1218308809"><bdi>FrozenIcicle</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:FrozenIcicle" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:FrozenIcicle">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/FrozenIcicle" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/FrozenIcicle">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>8,164</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-OAuth_CID_5481"><a href="/wiki/Special:OAuthListConsumers/view/f4f18731bdd9da5fe4a36b81c607ccd9" title="Special:OAuthListConsumers/view/f4f18731bdd9da5fe4a36b81c607ccd9">IABotManagementConsole [1.3]</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=prev&oldid=1218308809" title="Mangalia" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&oldid=1225726429" title="Mangalia">Revision as of 09:33, 26 May 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=edit&oldid=1225726429" title="Mangalia">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-05-26T09:33:10Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&action=edit&undoafter=1218308809&undo=1225726429" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Rjdeadly" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Rjdeadly" data-mw-revid="1225726429"><bdi>Rjdeadly</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Rjdeadly" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Rjdeadly">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Rjdeadly" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Rjdeadly">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>16,001</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#History">→<bdi dir="ltr">History</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=next&oldid=1225726429" title="Mangalia" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==History==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==History==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The [[Greece|Greek]] colony of Callatis was founded in the 6th century BC by the city of [[Heraclea Pontica]].<ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Amphoras</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from</del> Callatis <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Romania)</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">International</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Journal</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nautical</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Archaeology</del>,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://www</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">google.com</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">search?um=1&q=Callatis++colony+Heraclea&sa=N&tab=pw] {{Webarchive|url=https://web</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">archive</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org/web/20151018201606/http://www</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">google</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/search?um=1&q=Callatis++colony+Heraclea&sa=N&tab=pw</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date=18</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">October</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2015 }}</del></ref> Its first silver coinage was minted around 350 BC. In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general [[Lucullus]] and was assigned to the Roman province of [[Moesia Inferior]]. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors [[Septimius Severus]] and [[Caracalla]] continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the 3rd century AD but recovered in the 4th century AD to regain its status as an important trade hub and port city.<ref>Michael Grant, ''A Guide to the Ancient World'', New York: Barnes and Noble Books 1997, p. 140.</ref> From the 7th to the 11th century the city was under the rule of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]].</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The [[Greece|Greek]] colony of Callatis was founded in the 6th century BC by the city of [[Heraclea Pontica]].<ref><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ewa</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Stanecka,</ins> Callatis <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as a Seaport</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Studies</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ancient</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Art</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and Civilisation</ins>,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> 10</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">12797</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SAAC</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">17</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2013</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">17</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">28,</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">17,</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(325-333),</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(2013)</ins></ref> Its first silver coinage was minted around 350 BC. In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general [[Lucullus]] and was assigned to the Roman province of [[Moesia Inferior]]. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors [[Septimius Severus]] and [[Caracalla]] continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the 3rd century AD but recovered in the 4th century AD to regain its status as an important trade hub and port city.<ref>Michael Grant, ''A Guide to the Ancient World'', New York: Barnes and Noble Books 1997, p. 140.</ref> From the 7th to the 11th century the city was under the rule of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Callatis existed until the mid-7th century under this name. Life in the town resumed from the 10th century. In the 13th century Callatis came to be known as Pangalia.<ref>Preda, C. 1968: Callatis. Bucharest.</ref> The [[Vlachs]] called it Tomisovara<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fn6oCwAAQBAJ|title=Dobrogea:o frontiera uitata|last=Innocenzi|first=Alfredo|date=2016-03-01|publisher=Youcanprint|isbn=9788893328678|language=ro}}</ref> and the Greeks called it Panglicara.<ref name=":0" /> From the 16th century the town had acquired its present name, Mangalia.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Callatis existed until the mid-7th century under this name. Life in the town resumed from the 10th century. In the 13th century Callatis came to be known as Pangalia.<ref>Preda, C. 1968: Callatis. Bucharest.</ref> The [[Vlachs]] called it Tomisovara<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fn6oCwAAQBAJ|title=Dobrogea:o frontiera uitata|last=Innocenzi|first=Alfredo|date=2016-03-01|publisher=Youcanprint|isbn=9788893328678|language=ro}}</ref> and the Greeks called it Panglicara.<ref name=":0" /> From the 16th century the town had acquired its present name, Mangalia.</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 09:33, 26 May 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mangalia" title="Special:EditPage/Mangalia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mangalia%22">"Mangalia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mangalia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mangalia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mangalia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mangalia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mangalia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Constanța, Romania</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Mangalia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border;height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olimp_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimp_Romania.jpg/268px-Olimp_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimp_Romania.jpg/402px-Olimp_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimp_Romania.jpg/536px-Olimp_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div style="border;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olimp_2021_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Olimp_2021_%282%29.jpg/169px-Olimp_2021_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Olimp_2021_%282%29.jpg/254px-Olimp_2021_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Olimp_2021_%282%29.jpg/338px-Olimp_2021_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="border;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/95px-Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/143px-Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/190px-Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border;height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg/132px-Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg/198px-Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg/264px-Lighthouse_-_Mangalia_marina_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border;height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Callatis_362.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Callatis_362.jpg/132px-Callatis_362.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Callatis_362.jpg/198px-Callatis_362.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Callatis_362.jpg/264px-Callatis_362.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>From top, left to right: Olimp beach</li><li>Mangalia port</li><li>Historic Lighthouse</li><li>Ruins of the ancient city of Callatis</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Mangalia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Mangalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png/63px-ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png/94px-ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png/125px-ROU_CT_Mangalia_CoA.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Constanța County"><img alt="Location in Constanța County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg/270px-Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg/405px-Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg/540px-Mangalia_jud_Constanta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="846" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Constanța County</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mangalia is located in Romania"><img alt="Mangalia is located in Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Romania_location_map.svg/270px-Romania_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Romania_location_map.svg/405px-Romania_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Romania_location_map.svg/540px-Romania_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1611" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:91.819%;left:85.828%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mangalia"><img alt="Mangalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Mangalia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Romania</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mangalia&params=43_49_02_N_28_34_58_E_region:RO_type:city(3220)_dim:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°49′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°34′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.81722°N 28.58278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.81722; 28.58278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Romania</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Constanța County">Constanța</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2024) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Cristian Radu<sup id="cite_ref-elec2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elec2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">62.26 km<sup>2</sup> (24.04 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20 m (70 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021-12-01)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">31,950</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">510/km<sup>2</sup> (1,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a> (UTC+2/+3)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Romania" title="Vehicle registration plates of Romania">Vehicle reg.</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CT</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mangalia.ro/">www<wbr />.mangalia<wbr />.ro</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mangalia</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[maŋˈɡali.a]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c3\/Ro-Mangalia.ogg\/Ro-Mangalia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ro-Mangalia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Ro-Mangalia.ogg/Ro-Mangalia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ro-Mangalia.ogg" title="File:Ro-Mangalia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang-tr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lang-tr (page does not exist)">Template:Lang-tr</a>), ancient <b>Callatis</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang-el&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lang-el (page does not exist)">Template:Lang-el</a>; other historical names: <b>Pangalia</b>, <b>Panglicara</b>, <b>Tomisovara</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">city</a> and a port on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> in the south-east of <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Constanța County">Constanța County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dobruja" title="Northern Dobruja">Northern Dobruja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. </p><p>The municipality of Mangalia also administers several summertime seaside resorts: <a href="/wiki/Cap_Aurora" title="Cap Aurora">Cap Aurora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter,_Romania" title="Jupiter, Romania">Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptun,_Romania" title="Neptun, Romania">Neptun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olimp,_Romania" title="Olimp, Romania">Olimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn,_Romania" title="Saturn, Romania">Saturn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus,_Romania" title="Venus, Romania">Venus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> colony of Callatis was founded in the 6th century BC by the city of <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first silver coinage was minted around 350 BC. In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general <a href="/wiki/Lucullus" title="Lucullus">Lucullus</a> and was assigned to the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Moesia_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Inferior">Moesia Inferior</a>. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a> continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the 3rd century AD but recovered in the 4th century AD to regain its status as an important trade hub and port city.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 7th to the 11th century the city was under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>. </p><p>Callatis existed until the mid-7th century under this name. Life in the town resumed from the 10th century. In the 13th century Callatis came to be known as Pangalia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Vlachs" title="Vlachs">Vlachs</a> called it Tomisovara<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Greeks called it Panglicara.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 16th century the town had acquired its present name, Mangalia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sights">Sights</h3></div> <p>A Roman Byzantine building has been excavated against the city wall and next to a street paved with big limestone tiles and which has a channel on its longitudinal axis. It is composed of an <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</a> with a complex system for collecting rainwater, a palace composed of monumental halls with columns and a basilica. It was probably a bishop's palace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2></div> <p>Mangalia is positioned at 43°49’ <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> and 28°35’ <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>, with an approximate <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> of 10 meters, 44 kilometres (27 miles) south of the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Constan%C5%A3a" class="mw-redirect" title="Constanţa">Constanţa</a>, on the same latitude as the French resort of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>. Mangalia is one of the southernmost resorts on the Romanian coast of the Black Sea. </p><p>Mangalia is characterized by a moderate maritime <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> (annual average temperature 11 °C (52 °F) - one of the highest in Romania) with hot summers (July average over 21 °C (70 °F)) and mild winters (January average 1 °C (34 °F)), Mangalia being the country's second place, after <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83ile_Herculane" title="Băile Herculane">Băile Herculane</a>, with positive average temperatures in wintertime. Spring comes early but is cool and autumn is long and warm. In summer, cloudiness is reduced (about 25 sunny days in a month) and the duration of sunshine is of 10–12 hours a day. Annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> is low (about 400 mm (16 in)). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a> is stronger in summer. The natural cure factors are the water of the Black Sea, which is chlorided, sulphated, sodic, magnesian, hypotonic (mineralization 15.5g), the sulphurous, chlorided, bicarbonated, sodic, calcic, mesothermal (21-28 °C) mineral waters of the <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">springs</a> in the northern part of the city, in the area of the beach between Saturn and Venus, the sulphurous peat mud, rich in minerals, which is extracted from the peat bog north of the city (expected to last another 250 years) and the marine climate, rich in saline aerosols and <a href="/wiki/Solar_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar radiation">solar radiation</a> that have a bracing effect on the <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organism</a>. </p><p>The resort has a large, fine-sand beach developed for purposes of aeroheliotherapy and wave therapy, as well as high <a href="/wiki/Seawalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Seawalls">seawalls</a> with a specific microclimate where one may benefit from <a href="/wiki/Inhalation" title="Inhalation">inhalations</a> of saline <a href="/wiki/Particulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulate">aerosols</a> having therapeutic effects. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mangalia </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(79) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(79) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15<br />(59) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Weatherbase<sup id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weatherbase-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,929</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,764</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,547</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+64.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,792</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1966 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,674</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+164.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1977 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,821</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+111.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1992 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,960</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+63.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,037</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,364</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−9.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,950</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−12.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 census</a>, Mangalia had a population of 31,950.<sup id="cite_ref-RPL2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPL2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/2011_Romanian_census" title="2011 Romanian census">2011 census</a>, the city had 36,364 residents; of those, 90.6% were ethnic Romanians, 4.4% <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Turks</a>, 3.6% <a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars</a>, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Roma</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Lipovans" title="Lipovans">Lipovans</a>, and 0.6% belonged to other ethnic groups. According to religion, for respondents for whom data is available, 89.5% were <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Orthodox">Romanian Orthodox</a>, 8.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Romania" title="Islam in Romania">Muslim</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Romania">Roman Catholic</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Union_of_Romania" title="Pentecostal Union of Romania">Pentecostal</a>, and 1% other or none. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourist_attractions">Tourist attractions</h2></div> <ul><li>The city has been well known in recent years as the place where one of the largest summer <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a> in Romania takes place: <a href="/wiki/Callatis_Festival" title="Callatis Festival">Callatis Festival</a>;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tomb</a> discovered in 1959 where archaeologists unearthed fragments of a papyrus in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, the first document of this kind in Romania;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">incineration</a> tombs (the necropolis of the Callatis citadel, dating back to the 4th-2nd centuries BC);</li> <li>The ruins of the Callatis citadel (6th century BC);</li> <li>The Turkish <a href="/wiki/Esmahan_Sultan_Mosque" title="Esmahan Sultan Mosque">Esmahan Sultan Mosque</a> (16th century);</li> <li>The Archaeology Museum which shelters a rich collection of amphorae and sculptures from the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> epoch, fragments of stone <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcophagi">sarcophagi</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalia_Marina" title="Mangalia Marina">Mangalia Marina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="4th-/7th-century Roman-Byzantine archaeological display from the ancient city of Callatis, housed in the basement of Hotel New Belvedere"><img alt="4th-/7th-century Roman-Byzantine archaeological display from the ancient city of Callatis, housed in the basement of Hotel New Belvedere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg/352px-Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg/528px-Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg/704px-Byzantine_Callatis_-Mangalia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4022" data-file-height="2057" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">4th-/7th-century Roman-Byzantine archaeological display from the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Callatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Callatis">Callatis</a>, housed in the basement of Hotel New Belvedere</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esmahan Sultan Mosque"><img alt="Esmahan Sultan Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg/320px-Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg/480px-Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg/640px-Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2263" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Esmahan_Sultan_Mosque" title="Esmahan Sultan Mosque">Esmahan Sultan Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marina"><img alt="Marina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg/240px-Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg/360px-Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg/480px-Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2462" data-file-height="1847" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marina</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natives">Natives</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Alibec" title="Denis Alibec">Denis Alibec</a> (born 1991), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreea_Ana" title="Andreea Ana">Andreea Ana</a> (born 2000), freestyle wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Antonescu" title="Marius Antonescu">Marius Antonescu</a> (born 1992), rugby union player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin_Bejan" title="Florin Bejan">Florin Bejan</a> (born 1991), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_Doicaru" title="Radu Doicaru">Radu Doicaru</a> (born 1979), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inna" title="Inna">Inna</a> (born 1986), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_L%C4%83mboiu" title="Mihai Lămboiu">Mihai Lămboiu</a> (born 1997), rugby union player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare%C8%99_Murariu" title="Rareș Murariu">Rareș Murariu</a> (born 1999), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Pavel" title="Claudia Pavel">Claudia Pavel</a> (born 1984), pop singer and dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoaneta_Sab%C4%83u" title="Antoaneta Sabău">Antoaneta Sabău</a> (born 1982), classicist, translator, and editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyrus_the_Peripatetic" title="Satyrus the Peripatetic">Satyrus the Peripatetic</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3rd century BC), Greek <a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_school" title="Peripatetic school">peripatetic</a> philosopher and historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Vitanidis" title="Gheorghe Vitanidis">Gheorghe Vitanidis</a> (1929–1994), film director</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <p>The current mayor of Mangalia is Cristian Radu (PNL).<sup id="cite_ref-elec2020_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elec2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mangalia Municipal Council, elected in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_local_elections" title="2020 Romanian local elections">2020 local government elections</a>, is made up of 19 councilors, with the following party composition:<sup id="cite_ref-elec2020_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elec2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccc">    </th> <th style="background:#ccc">Party </th> <th style="background:#ccc">Seats </th> <th style="background:#ccc" colspan="10">Current Council </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>10</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PSD</a>+<a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_(Romania)" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)">ALDE</a>+<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">PNȚCD</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>5</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#07733F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Ecologist Party of Romania</a> (PER) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>3</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#07733F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#07733F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#07733F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#1572BA; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PRO_Romania" title="PRO Romania">PRO Romania</a> (PRO) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#1572BA; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Romania" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania">List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania</a></div> <p>Mangalia is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aywaille" title="Aywaille">Aywaille</a>, Belgium</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Balchik</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica" title="Banská Bystrica">Banská Bystrica</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a>, Lebanon</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/General_Toshevo" title="General Toshevo">General Toshevo</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greenport,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Greenport, Suffolk County, New York">Greenport</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a>, Israel</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Laurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurium">Laurium</a>, Greece</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pale,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Pale</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto_Viro" title="Porto Viro">Porto Viro</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Severina" title="Santa Severina">Santa Severina</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Struga" title="Struga">Struga</a>, North Macedonia</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mangalia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mangalia">Mangalia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-elec2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elec2020_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elec2020_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elec2020_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final">"Results of the 2020 local elections"</a>. Central Electoral Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009164915/https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+the+2020+local+elections&rft.pub=Central+Electoral+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprezenta.roaep.ro%2Flocale27092020%2Fromania-pv-final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMangalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls">"Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Romania)" title="National Institute of Statistics (Romania)">National Institute of Statistics</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popula%C5%A3ia+rezident%C4%83+dup%C4%83+grupa+de+v%C3%A2rst%C4%83%2C+pe+jude%C8%9Be+%C8%99i+municipii%2C+ora%C8%99e%2C+comune%2C+la+1+decembrie+2021&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recensamantromania.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F05%2FTabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMangalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewa Stanecka, Callatis as a Seaport, Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation, 10.12797/SAAC.17.2013.17.28, 17, (325-333), (2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Grant, <i>A Guide to the Ancient World</i>, New York: Barnes and Noble Books 1997, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preda, C. 1968: Callatis. Bucharest.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnocenzi2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Innocenzi, Alfredo (1 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fn6oCwAAQBAJ"><i>Dobrogea:o frontiera uitata</i></a> (in Romanian). Youcanprint. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788893328678" title="Special:BookSources/9788893328678"><bdi>9788893328678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dobrogea%3Ao+frontiera+uitata&rft.pub=Youcanprint&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.isbn=9788893328678&rft.aulast=Innocenzi&rft.aufirst=Alfredo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfn6oCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMangalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weatherbase-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weatherbase_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=99451&refer=&units=metric">"Weatherbase data Mangalia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402131622/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=99451&refer=&units=metric">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weatherbase+data+Mangalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather.php3%3Fs%3D99451%26refer%3D%26units%3Dmetric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMangalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RPL2021-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RPL2021_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls">"Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021"</a> (in Romanian). <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Romania)" title="National Institute of Statistics (Romania)">INSSE</a>. 31 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626052140/https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popula%C8%9Bia+rezident%C4%83+dup%C4%83+grupa+de+v%C3%A2rst%C4%83%2C+pe+jude%C8%9Be+%C8%99i+municipii%2C+ora%C8%99e%2C+comune%2C+la+1+decembrie+2021&rft.pub=INSSE&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recensamantromania.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F05%2FTabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMangalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mangalia.ro/index.php/categorie/oras/orase-infratite/">"Orase infratite"</a>. <i>mangalia.ro</i> (in Romanian). Mangalia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208135810/https://mangalia.ro/index.php/categorie/oras/orase-infratite/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mangalia.ro&rft.atitle=Orase+infratite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmangalia.ro%2Findex.php%2Fcategorie%2Foras%2Forase-infratite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMangalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ol><li>Alexandru Avram. Kallatis. - In: Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea. Vol. 1. Eds. Dimitrios V. Grammenos and Elias K. Petropoulos. Oxford, Archaeopress, 2001 (BAR International Series; 1675 (1-2)), 239–286.</li></ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constanța_County,_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Template:Constanța County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Template talk:Constanța County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constanța County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constanța_County,_Romania" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="region"><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Constanța County">Constanța County</a></span>, <span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></b> (county seat)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mangalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgidia" title="Medgidia">Medgidia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Constanța County"><img alt="Coat of arms of Constanța County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png/100px-Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png/150px-Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png/200px-Actual_Constan%C8%9Ba_county_CoA.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83" title="Cernavodă">Cernavodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eforie" title="Eforie">Eforie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A2r%C8%99ova" title="Hârșova">Hârșova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murfatlar" title="Murfatlar">Murfatlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83vodari" title="Năvodari">Năvodari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negru_Vod%C4%83,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Negru Vodă, Constanța">Negru Vodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovidiu" title="Ovidiu">Ovidiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techirghiol" title="Techirghiol">Techirghiol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Romania" title="Communes of Romania">Communes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23_August,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="23 August, Constanța">23 August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamclisi" title="Adamclisi">Adamclisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agigea" title="Agigea">Agigea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albe%C8%99ti,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Albești, Constanța">Albești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliman" title="Aliman">Aliman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amzacea" title="Amzacea">Amzacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Băneasa, Constanța">Băneasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83r%C4%83ganu" title="Bărăganu">Bărăganu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelu" title="Castelu">Castelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerchezu" title="Cerchezu">Cerchezu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirnogeni" title="Chirnogeni">Chirnogeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciobanu" title="Ciobanu">Ciobanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cioc%C3%A2rlia,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Ciocârlia, Constanța">Ciocârlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobadin" title="Cobadin">Cobadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogealac" title="Cogealac">Cogealac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comana,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Comana, Constanța">Comana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbu,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Corbu, Constanța">Corbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costine%C8%99ti" title="Costinești">Costinești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucea,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Crucea, Constanța">Crucea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cump%C4%83na" title="Cumpăna">Cumpăna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuza_Vod%C4%83,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Cuza Vodă, Constanța">Cuza Vodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deleni,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Deleni, Constanța">Deleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobromir,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Dobromir, Constanța">Dobromir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbr%C4%83veni,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Dumbrăveni, Constanța">Dumbrăveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A2nt%C3%A2nele,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Fântânele, Constanța">Fântânele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2rliciu" title="Gârliciu">Gârliciu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghind%C4%83re%C8%99ti" title="Ghindărești">Ghindărești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%83dina" title="Grădina">Grădina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Horia, Constanța">Horia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independen%C8%9Ba,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Independența, Constanța">Independența</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Corvin,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Ion Corvin, Constanța">Ion Corvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istria,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Istria, Constanța">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limanu" title="Limanu">Limanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipni%C8%9Ba" title="Lipnița">Lipnița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumina,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Lumina, Constanța">Lumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mereni,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Mereni, Constanța">Mereni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu, Constanța">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Viteazu,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Mihai Viteazu, Constanța">Mihai Viteazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Vod%C4%83,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Mircea Vodă, Constanța">Mircea Vodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_B%C4%83lcescu,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Nicolae Bălcescu, Constanța">Nicolae Bălcescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oltina" title="Oltina">Oltina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrov,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Ostrov, Constanța">Ostrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Pantelimon, Constanța">Pantelimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecineaga" title="Pecineaga">Pecineaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99tera" title="Peștera">Peștera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poarta_Alb%C4%83" title="Poarta Albă">Poarta Albă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasova,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Rasova, Constanța">Rasova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%83cele,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Săcele, Constanța">Săcele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saligny,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Saligny, Constanța">Saligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiu" title="Saraiu">Saraiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimeni,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Seimeni, Constanța">Seimeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sili%C8%99tea,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Siliștea, Constanța">Siliștea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu%C8%99or" title="Târgușor">Târgușor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topalu" title="Topalu">Topalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topraisar" title="Topraisar">Topraisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoman" title="Tortoman">Tortoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzla,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Tuzla, Constanța">Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valu_lui_Traian" title="Valu lui Traian">Valu lui Traian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulturu,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Vulturu, Constanța">Vulturu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanian_Black_Sea_resorts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Template:Romanian Black Sea resorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Template talk:Romanian Black Sea resorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian Black Sea resorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanian_Black_Sea_resorts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Romanian Black Sea resorts">Romanian Black Sea resorts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamaia" title="Mamaia">Mamaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eforie" title="Eforie">Eforie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eforie" title="Eforie">Nord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eforie" title="Eforie">Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costine%C8%99ti" title="Costinești">Costinești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olimp,_Romania" title="Olimp, Romania">Olimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptun,_Romania" title="Neptun, Romania">Neptun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter,_Romania" title="Jupiter, Romania">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_Aurora" title="Cap Aurora">Cap Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus,_Romania" title="Venus, Romania">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn,_Romania" title="Saturn, Romania">Saturn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mangalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Mai" title="2 Mai">2 Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vama_Veche" title="Vama Veche">Vama Veche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467498#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467498#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467498#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143270531">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4311364-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14400884g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14400884g">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/216744">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&oldid=1225726429">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&oldid=1225726429</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mangalia" title="Category:Mangalia">Mangalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_6th_century_BC" title="Category:Populated places established in the 6th century BC">Populated places established in the 6th century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_colonies_in_Scythia_Minor" title="Category:Greek colonies in Scythia Minor">Greek colonies in Scythia Minor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Constan%C8%9Ba_County" title="Category:Populated places in Constanța County">Populated places in Constanța County</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Localities_in_Northern_Dobruja" title="Category:Localities in Northern Dobruja">Localities in Northern Dobruja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_coastal_places_in_Romania" title="Category:Populated coastal places in Romania">Populated coastal places in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Romania" title="Category:Cities in Romania">Cities in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="Category:Port cities and towns in Romania">Port cities and towns in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spa_towns_in_Romania" title="Category:Spa towns in Romania">Spa towns in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_sites_in_Romania" title="Category:Byzantine sites in Romania">Byzantine sites in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_towns_and_cities_in_Romania" title="Category:Roman towns and cities in Romania">Roman towns and cities in Romania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Romanian-language_sources_(ro)" title="Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)">CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2023">Articles needing additional references from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2024">Use dmy dates from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Romanian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Romanian IPA">Pages with Romanian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 May 2024, at 09:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>.</span></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangalia&diff=prev&oldid=1225726429&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6trlv","wgBackendResponseTime":1441,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.849","walltime":"1.194","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8428,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":124768,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22147,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":65326,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1001.673 1 -total"," 44.61% 446.807 1 Template:Infobox_Romanian_subdivision"," 44.15% 442.216 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 36.98% 370.465 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.23% 122.524 3 Template:Romania_metadata_Wikidata"," 11.89% 119.076 4 Template:Wikidata"," 11.14% 111.588 1 Template:IPA-ro"," 10.94% 109.540 1 Template:IPA"," 8.23% 82.458 27 Template:Main_other"," 6.45% 64.651 1 Template:Refimprove"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.535","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18183516,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6trlv","timestamp":"20241201092918","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mangalia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mangalia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q467498","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q467498","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-07T10:43:15Z","dateModified":"2024-05-26T09:33:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f2\/Olimp_Romania.jpg","headline":"city in Constan\u021ba County, Romania"}</script> </body> </html>