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class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">George Vagenas</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="George" data-follow-user-id="62309378" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow 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class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62309378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Kinetics"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas","location":"/GeorgeVagenas","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/GeorgeVagenas","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Human Kinetics"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1d536c27-9985-4da2-a58e-602376b8df05"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1d536c27-9985-4da2-a58e-602376b8df05"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62309378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Social behavior"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0a75336f-054c-441e-adb9-50f4c9db5128"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0a75336f-054c-441e-adb9-50f4c9db5128"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62309378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Psychology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Sports Psychology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-21b2c878-b938-4c50-aa96-30e7e48b80f9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-21b2c878-b938-4c50-aa96-30e7e48b80f9"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62309378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Teaching Methods"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-6f51c550-2b94-4684-8e2a-db35cfe3f2b1"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-6f51c550-2b94-4684-8e2a-db35cfe3f2b1"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62309378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Self Concept"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f15707a2-fb1b-4def-9eee-45d53f6efb5e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f15707a2-fb1b-4def-9eee-45d53f6efb5e"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by George Vagenas</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166268"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166268/Functional_Asymmetries_and_Lateral_Dominance_in_the_Lower_Limbs_of_Distance_Runners"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166268/Functional_Asymmetries_and_Lateral_Dominance_in_the_Lower_Limbs_of_Distance_Runners">Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Sport Biomechanics</span><span>, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166268"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166268"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166268; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166268]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166268]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166268; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166268']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166268, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var 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Biomechanics"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32166268/Functional_Asymmetries_and_Lateral_Dominance_in_the_Lower_Limbs_of_Distance_Runners","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-31T07:40:19.596-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Functional_Asymmetries_and_Lateral_Dominance_in_the_Lower_Limbs_of_Distance_Runners","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":18031,"name":"Sport 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href="https://www.academia.edu/32166267/Evaluation_of_Rearfoot_Asymmetries_in_Running_with_Worn_and_New_Running_Shoes">Evaluation of Rearfoot Asymmetries in Running with Worn and New Running Shoes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Sport Biomechanics</span><span>, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166267"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166267"><i class="fa fa-spinner 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container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166267]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166267,"title":"Evaluation of Rearfoot Asymmetries in Running with Worn and New Running 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class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166266/Optimization_of_an_Asymmetrical_Motor_Skill_Sprint_Start">Optimization of an Asymmetrical Motor Skill: Sprint Start</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Sport Biomechanics</span><span>, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166266"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52402586/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166254/Olympic_medals_and_demo_economic_factors_Novel_predictors_the_ex_host_effect_the_exact_role_of_team_size_and_the_population_GDP_model_revisited">Olympic medals and demo-economic factors: Novel predictors, the ex-host effect, the exact role of team size, and the “population-GDP” model revisited</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sport Management Review</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f1f6c0b7f5a566e905969a55e1e28b04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166253/Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and Detraining in Preadolescent Males" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166253/Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males">Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and Detraining in Preadolescent Males</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimenta...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimental trained group (STG, n = 9) and a control group (n = 10). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. The STG was submitted to a 2-month resistance-training program (6 exercises, 3 x 10 repetitions maximum [RM], 3 times per week), followed by a 2-month detraining program. The effectiveness of the resistance program was determined by measuring pre- and posttraining and detraining differences in isometric and isotonic (10RM) strength and hormonal responses in testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index (FAI). Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner. Significant posttraining isometric strength gains (17.5%) and mean T and FAI value increases (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) were observed in STG. Detraining resulted in a significant loss (9.5%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) of isometric strength whereas the hormonal parameters of STG remained practically unaltered. The relative (delta%) postdetraining hormonal responses correlated significantly with the respective isometric strength changes. In conclusion, the resistance training induced strength changes independent of the changes in the anabolic and androgenic activity in preadolescent males. Further research is needed to fully clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the strength training and detraining process.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166253]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166253']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166253, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166253]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166253,"title":"Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and Detraining in Preadolescent Males","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimental trained group (STG, n = 9) and a control group (n = 10). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. The STG was submitted to a 2-month resistance-training program (6 exercises, 3 x 10 repetitions maximum [RM], 3 times per week), followed by a 2-month detraining program. The effectiveness of the resistance program was determined by measuring pre- and posttraining and detraining differences in isometric and isotonic (10RM) strength and hormonal responses in testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index (FAI). Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner. Significant posttraining isometric strength gains (17.5%) and mean T and FAI value increases (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) were observed in STG. Detraining resulted in a significant loss (9.5%, p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) of isometric strength whereas the hormonal parameters of STG remained practically unaltered. The relative (delta%) postdetraining hormonal responses correlated significantly with the respective isometric strength changes. In conclusion, the resistance training induced strength changes independent of the changes in the anabolic and androgenic activity in preadolescent males. Further research is needed to fully clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the strength training and detraining process.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2004,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},"translated_abstract":"Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimental trained group (STG, n = 9) and a control group (n = 10). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. The STG was submitted to a 2-month resistance-training program (6 exercises, 3 x 10 repetitions maximum [RM], 3 times per week), followed by a 2-month detraining program. The effectiveness of the resistance program was determined by measuring pre- and posttraining and detraining differences in isometric and isotonic (10RM) strength and hormonal responses in testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index (FAI). Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner. Significant posttraining isometric strength gains (17.5%) and mean T and FAI value increases (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) were observed in STG. Detraining resulted in a significant loss (9.5%, p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) of isometric strength whereas the hormonal parameters of STG remained practically unaltered. The relative (delta%) postdetraining hormonal responses correlated significantly with the respective isometric strength changes. In conclusion, the resistance training induced strength changes independent of the changes in the anabolic and androgenic activity in preadolescent males. Further research is needed to fully clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the strength training and detraining process.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32166253/Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-31T07:39:29.739-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1520,"name":"Strength \u0026 Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strength_and_Conditioning"},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology"},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone"},{"id":112275,"name":"Resistance Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Training"},{"id":115898,"name":"Androgens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androgens"},{"id":130735,"name":"Weight Lifting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Lifting"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin"},{"id":1558340,"name":"Physical Education and training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Education_and_training"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166252/Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Growth and Anabolic Hormones, Leptin, and Neuromuscular Performance in Moderately Trained Prepubescent Athletes and Untrained Boys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166252/Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys">Growth and Anabolic Hormones, Leptin, and Neuromuscular Performance in Moderately Trained Prepubescent Athletes and Untrained Boys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, n...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, neuromuscular performance, and the associations among them in trained prepubertal athletes (experimental group [EG]) and an untrained control group (CG). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria. There were no differences between EG and CG in physical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, growth hormone (GH), hand grip strength, and jumping performance. Leptin levels and percent fat of the EG were significantly lower than those of the CG (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.005). Leptin levels were significantly correlated to body fat and BMI for both the EG and the CG (r = 0.51-0.79). There is little evidence that leptin has a positive effect on growth and anabolic factors. Sex hormone-binding globulin and GH may explain the variation of leptin in athletes with low T (R(2) = 0.43) and in CG (R(2) = 0.35), respectively. Leptin seems to be a permissive factor for the onset of puberty, and the training background needs an optimal biological maturation to produce significant differences in muscle and power performance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166252]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166252']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166252, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166252]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166252,"title":"Growth and Anabolic Hormones, Leptin, and Neuromuscular Performance in Moderately Trained Prepubescent Athletes and Untrained Boys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, neuromuscular performance, and the associations among them in trained prepubertal athletes (experimental group [EG]) and an untrained control group (CG). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria. There were no differences between EG and CG in physical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, growth hormone (GH), hand grip strength, and jumping performance. Leptin levels and percent fat of the EG were significantly lower than those of the CG (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.005). Leptin levels were significantly correlated to body fat and BMI for both the EG and the CG (r = 0.51-0.79). There is little evidence that leptin has a positive effect on growth and anabolic factors. Sex hormone-binding globulin and GH may explain the variation of leptin in athletes with low T (R(2) = 0.43) and in CG (R(2) = 0.35), respectively. Leptin seems to be a permissive factor for the onset of puberty, and the training background needs an optimal biological maturation to produce significant differences in muscle and power performance.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},"translated_abstract":"We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, neuromuscular performance, and the associations among them in trained prepubertal athletes (experimental group [EG]) and an untrained control group (CG). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria. There were no differences between EG and CG in physical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, growth hormone (GH), hand grip strength, and jumping performance. Leptin levels and percent fat of the EG were significantly lower than those of the CG (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.005). Leptin levels were significantly correlated to body fat and BMI for both the EG and the CG (r = 0.51-0.79). There is little evidence that leptin has a positive effect on growth and anabolic factors. Sex hormone-binding globulin and GH may explain the variation of leptin in athletes with low T (R(2) = 0.43) and in CG (R(2) = 0.35), respectively. Leptin seems to be a permissive factor for the onset of puberty, and the training background needs an optimal biological maturation to produce significant differences in muscle and power performance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32166252/Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-31T07:39:29.634-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1520,"name":"Strength \u0026 Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strength_and_Conditioning"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone"},{"id":100336,"name":"Body Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Composition"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones"},{"id":115898,"name":"Androgens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androgens"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise"},{"id":135357,"name":"Leptin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leptin"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index"},{"id":268784,"name":"Physical Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Fitness"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin"},{"id":1558340,"name":"Physical Education and training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Education_and_training"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166251"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166251/Influence_of_a_Twelve_Month_Conditioning_Program_on_Physical_Growth_Serum_Hormones_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_of_Peripubertal_Male_Fencers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Influence of a Twelve-Month Conditioning Program on Physical Growth, Serum Hormones, and Neuromuscular Performance of Peripubertal Male Fencers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52402585/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166251/Influence_of_a_Twelve_Month_Conditioning_Program_on_Physical_Growth_Serum_Hormones_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_of_Peripubertal_Male_Fencers">Influence of a Twelve-Month Conditioning Program on Physical Growth, Serum Hormones, and Neuromuscular Performance of Peripubertal Male Fencers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="40c1d27fe35d67e9bff52668ea8e7ba5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52402585,"asset_id":32166251,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52402585/download_file?st=MTczMjc5MTAzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166251"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166251]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166251']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166251, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "40c1d27fe35d67e9bff52668ea8e7ba5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166251]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166251,"title":"Influence of a Twelve-Month Conditioning Program on Physical Growth, Serum Hormones, and Neuromuscular Performance of Peripubertal Male Fencers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Tsolakis, C.K., G.C. Bogdanis, G.K. Vagenas, and A.G. Dessypris. Influence of a 12-month conditioning program on physical growth, serum hormones, and neuromuscular performance of peripubertal male fencers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(4):908-914. 2006.-This study examined the effects of a typical fencing training program on selected hormones, neuromuscular performance, and anthropometric parameters in peripubertal boys. Two sets of measurements, before training and after 12 months of training, were performed on 2 groups of 11-to 13year-old boys. One group consisted of fencers (n ϭ 8), who trained regularly for the 12-month period, and the other group (n ϭ 8) consisted of inactive children of the same age. There was no difference in Tanner's maturation stage of the 2 groups before (controls, 2.5 Ϯ 0.3; fencers, 2.1 Ϯ 0.3) and after the 12 months (controls, 3.0 Ϯ 0.3; fencers, 3.0 Ϯ 0.3). Serum testosterone, growth hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, free androgen index, and leptin changed significantly over time, reaching similar values in the 2 groups at the end of the study. Significantly greater increases in body mass (16 Ϯ 3%) and leg cross-sectional area (CSA) (32 Ϯ 7%) were observed only in the fencers' group, and these differences disappeared when height was set as a changing covariate. Although there was a greater increase in height for the fencers compared to the control group (8.6 Ϯ 1.2 vs. 3.6 Ϯ 0.9 cm, p Ͻ 0.01), the height reached at the end of the study was almost identical in the 2 groups (controls, 163.6 Ϯ 5.1; fencers, 165.4 Ϯ 2.8). Arm CSA, handgrip strength, and vertical jump performance changed significantly over time for both groups, with no differences between groups. It was concluded that a typical fencing training program for peripubertal boys did not have any effect on selected growth and anabolic hormones and did not influence the normal growth process, as this was reflected by changes in selected anthropometric and neuromuscular performance parameters. This may be because of the characteristics of the present fencing training program, which may not be adequate to alter children's hormonal functions in such a way as to override the rapid changes occurring during puberty.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning 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MuliiPle regΙession sho}νed that dΙop jι1mp and thi8h εross'SectιΙ1al area ιγeΙe best pledicιofs of lιΙnge tjme and distance of squat jump on thc shuttle test. lνhen the two PerfoΙmance varialr1es weie eΧPΙessed per Lean Body Mass, Ιιιnge time was si8nificantly pΙedicted on]y by the PerfoΙmancc on the aΙm-drιven counteΙ.mοvement jumP, \\,r'hiΙe time on the shιιttle test ιγas best Predicte(ι by three noncollinear si8nificaΠt pre(lictors: squat jιιmp performance, thi8h ciΙcιιmference, and PeΙceΙ1t bod), fat. Lungc ιime and time on the shuttΙe test ι\\.ere Prcι1icted by exPlosivc powcη ινhiie nonc of the nontrainabιe anihropometric n1easures ol veaΙs of training seemed tιr be imPortani in ΡeΙfoΙmance oΓ fencing're]ated ski]ls,","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":6,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Http Dx Doi Org 10 2466 Pms 110 C 1015 1028","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":52380478},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138453/Anthropometric_Flexibility_Strength_Power_and_Sport_Specific_Correlates_in_Elite_FENCING1","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.799-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262202,"work_id":32138453,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6168048,"email":"e***i@yahoo.gr","display_order":0,"name":"Emmanuela 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52380499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138452/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_soccer_players_profile_asymmetry_and_training_age">Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Sports Science Medicine</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6582ec1cabc3eb5cd360f1ec07be706f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52380499,"asset_id":32138452,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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})(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6582ec1cabc3eb5cd360f1ec07be706f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138452]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138452,"title":"Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Kicking and cutting skills in soccer are clearly unilateral, require asymmetrical motor patterns and lead to the development of asymmetrical adaptations in the musculoskeletal function of the lower limbs. Assuming that these adaptations constitute a chronicity-dependent process, this study examined the effects of professional training age (PTA) on the composite strength profile of the knee and ankle joint in soccer players. One hundred soccer players (n=100) with short (5-7 years), intermediate (8-10 years) and long (\u003e11 years) PTA were tested bilaterally for isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength of the knee and ankle muscles. Knee flexion-extension was tested concentrically at 60°, 180° and 300 °/sec and eccentrically at 60° and 180 °/sec. Ankle dorsal and plantar flexions were tested at 60 o /sec for both the concentric and eccentric mode of action. Bilaterally averaged muscle strength [(R+L)/2] increased significantly from short training age to intermediate and stabilized afterwards. These strength adaptations were mainly observed at the concentric function of knee extensors at 60°/sec (p = 0.023), knee flexors at 60°/sec (p = 0.042) and 180°/sec (p = 0.036), and ankle plantar flexors at 60 o /sec (p = 0.044). A linear trend of increase in isokinetic strength with PTA level was observed for the eccentric strength of knee flexors at 60°/sec (p = 0.02) and 180°/sec (p = 0.03). Directional (R/L) asymmetries decreased with PTA, with this being mainly expressed in the concentric function of knee flexors at 180°/sec (p = 0.04) and at 300 °/sec (p = 0.03). These findings confirm the hypothesis of asymmetry in the strength adaptations that take place at the knee and ankle joint of soccer players mainly along with short and intermediate PTA. Players with a longer PTA seem to adopt a more balanced use of their lower extremities to cope with previously developed musculoskeletal asymmetries and possibly reduce injury risk. This has certain implications regarding proper training and injury prevention in relation to professional experience in soccer.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Sports Science Medicine","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":52380499},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138452/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_soccer_players_profile_asymmetry_and_training_age","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.652-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262200,"work_id":32138452,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":116418635,"co_author_invite_id":6168047,"email":"k***s@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Κωνσταντίνος Φουσέκης","title":"Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age"},{"id":28288711,"work_id":32138452,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6173288,"email":"i***s@cc.uoi.gr","display_order":4194304,"name":"Τσέπης Ηλίας","title":"Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52380499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52380499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52380499/download_file?st=MTczMjc5MTAzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52380499/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma-libre.pdf?1490872242=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf\u0026Expires=1732794631\u0026Signature=QoG3iZ9g7nb22zN2OfLF020M5JMGWqNxK4FC0Zgo6x5odd7FK07wvYJ6-B2htJ0pp7YlSMrO8q~DUnKoJZIpmv8AVtZPNgNaJX2ct8Zpelz4APN90KB7Fw8mdUmGfThV4F2V0zmzfLOMrgig1TTH-8p87kvGuc6syuvqkR3UPw8E5bvvzlfPm5mKXuT6ylO2Usan8dpXmOIdHWs~sHrwF9zRaHs7oC5eK0CepUkbUF9kx3Eq0j6otmvQGNHOGbdHuGNP5i~CsNKia7Ed43XNHopK9paTSLxAdoX0njUKY3obwlOJmTj4czv2mu5VekQi2IdCWQ9XTFpo50p8RxmrVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_soccer_players_profile_asymmetry_and_training_age","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[{"id":52380499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52380499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52380499/download_file?st=MTczMjc5MTAzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52380499/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma-libre.pdf?1490872242=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf\u0026Expires=1732794631\u0026Signature=QoG3iZ9g7nb22zN2OfLF020M5JMGWqNxK4FC0Zgo6x5odd7FK07wvYJ6-B2htJ0pp7YlSMrO8q~DUnKoJZIpmv8AVtZPNgNaJX2ct8Zpelz4APN90KB7Fw8mdUmGfThV4F2V0zmzfLOMrgig1TTH-8p87kvGuc6syuvqkR3UPw8E5bvvzlfPm5mKXuT6ylO2Usan8dpXmOIdHWs~sHrwF9zRaHs7oC5eK0CepUkbUF9kx3Eq0j6otmvQGNHOGbdHuGNP5i~CsNKia7Ed43XNHopK9paTSLxAdoX0njUKY3obwlOJmTj4czv2mu5VekQi2IdCWQ9XTFpo50p8RxmrVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering"},{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics"},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences"},{"id":66744,"name":"Biomedical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research"},{"id":992395,"name":"Medicine and Science In Sports and Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Science_In_Sports_and_Exercise"}],"urls":[{"id":8036457,"url":"http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/24149628"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32138451"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138451/Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Methodological and Statistical Quality in Research Evaluating Nutritional Attitudes in Sports" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138451/Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports">Methodological and Statistical Quality in Research Evaluating Nutritional Attitudes in Sports</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutritionists. Although there has been little analysis of the quality of research undertaken in this field, there is evidence of a number of flaws and methodological concerns in some of the studies in the available literature. This review undertook a systematic assessment of the attributes of research assessing the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of athletes and coaches. Sixty questionnaire-based studies were identified by a search of official databases using specific key terms with subsequent analysis by certain inclusion-exclusion criteria. These studies were then analyzed using 33 research quality criteria related to the methods, questionnaires, and statistics used. We found that many studies did not provide information on critical issues such as research hypotheses (92%), the gaining of ethics approval (50%) or informed consent (35%), or acknowledgment of limitations in the implementation of studies or interpretation of data (72%). Many of the samples were nonprobabilistic (85%) and rather small (42%). Many questionnaires were of unknown origin (30%), validity (72%), and reliability (70%) and resulted in low (≤ 60%) response rates (38%). Pilot testing was not undertaken in 67% of the studies. Few studies dealt with sample size (2%), power (3%), assumptions (7%), confidence intervals (3%), or effect sizes (3%). Improving some of these problems and deficits may enhance future research in this field.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32138451"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32138451"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138451; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138451]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138451]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138451; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32138451']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32138451, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138451]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138451,"title":"Methodological and Statistical Quality in Research Evaluating Nutritional Attitudes in Sports","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutritionists. Although there has been little analysis of the quality of research undertaken in this field, there is evidence of a number of flaws and methodological concerns in some of the studies in the available literature. This review undertook a systematic assessment of the attributes of research assessing the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of athletes and coaches. Sixty questionnaire-based studies were identified by a search of official databases using specific key terms with subsequent analysis by certain inclusion-exclusion criteria. These studies were then analyzed using 33 research quality criteria related to the methods, questionnaires, and statistics used. We found that many studies did not provide information on critical issues such as research hypotheses (92%), the gaining of ethics approval (50%) or informed consent (35%), or acknowledgment of limitations in the implementation of studies or interpretation of data (72%). Many of the samples were nonprobabilistic (85%) and rather small (42%). Many questionnaires were of unknown origin (30%), validity (72%), and reliability (70%) and resulted in low (≤ 60%) response rates (38%). Pilot testing was not undertaken in 67% of the studies. Few studies dealt with sample size (2%), power (3%), assumptions (7%), confidence intervals (3%), or effect sizes (3%). Improving some of these problems and deficits may enhance future research in this field.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"},"translated_abstract":"The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutritionists. Although there has been little analysis of the quality of research undertaken in this field, there is evidence of a number of flaws and methodological concerns in some of the studies in the available literature. This review undertook a systematic assessment of the attributes of research assessing the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of athletes and coaches. Sixty questionnaire-based studies were identified by a search of official databases using specific key terms with subsequent analysis by certain inclusion-exclusion criteria. These studies were then analyzed using 33 research quality criteria related to the methods, questionnaires, and statistics used. We found that many studies did not provide information on critical issues such as research hypotheses (92%), the gaining of ethics approval (50%) or informed consent (35%), or acknowledgment of limitations in the implementation of studies or interpretation of data (72%). Many of the samples were nonprobabilistic (85%) and rather small (42%). Many questionnaires were of unknown origin (30%), validity (72%), and reliability (70%) and resulted in low (≤ 60%) response rates (38%). Pilot testing was not undertaken in 67% of the studies. Few studies dealt with sample size (2%), power (3%), assumptions (7%), confidence intervals (3%), or effect sizes (3%). Improving some of these problems and deficits may enhance future research in this field.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138451/Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.549-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports"},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results"},{"id":2486603,"name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveys_and_Questionnaires"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32138450"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138450/Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138450/Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners">Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Human Movement Science</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffness is a vital kinetic property of yet unknown pattern of lateralization. The aim of this study was to examine the degree and variability of lower limb dominance specific asymmetry of running in terms of leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, contact time, flight time, maximal ground reaction force during contact, vertical displacement of the center of mass, and change in leg length. Leg and vertical stiffness was estimated by the sine-wave method in 22 young males during treadmill running at 4.44m/s. Lower limb dominance was determined by the triple-jump test. Asymmetry was expressed as dominant - non-dominant, and indexed by the absolute asymmetry index. Significant asymmetry was found only in flight time (3.98%) and in maximal ground reaction force (1.75%). The absolute asymmetry index ranged from 1.8% to 6.4%, showed high variation between subjects (0-31.6%), and differentiated among the 7 analyzed variables. Leg and vertical stiffness in treadmill running of moderate pace (4.44m/s) should be considered symmetric.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32138450"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32138450"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138450; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138450]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138450]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138450; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32138450']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32138450, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138450]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138450,"title":"Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffness is a vital kinetic property of yet unknown pattern of lateralization. The aim of this study was to examine the degree and variability of lower limb dominance specific asymmetry of running in terms of leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, contact time, flight time, maximal ground reaction force during contact, vertical displacement of the center of mass, and change in leg length. Leg and vertical stiffness was estimated by the sine-wave method in 22 young males during treadmill running at 4.44m/s. Lower limb dominance was determined by the triple-jump test. Asymmetry was expressed as dominant - non-dominant, and indexed by the absolute asymmetry index. Significant asymmetry was found only in flight time (3.98%) and in maximal ground reaction force (1.75%). The absolute asymmetry index ranged from 1.8% to 6.4%, showed high variation between subjects (0-31.6%), and differentiated among the 7 analyzed variables. Leg and vertical stiffness in treadmill running of moderate pace (4.44m/s) should be considered symmetric.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Human Movement Science"},"translated_abstract":"Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffness is a vital kinetic property of yet unknown pattern of lateralization. The aim of this study was to examine the degree and variability of lower limb dominance specific asymmetry of running in terms of leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, contact time, flight time, maximal ground reaction force during contact, vertical displacement of the center of mass, and change in leg length. Leg and vertical stiffness was estimated by the sine-wave method in 22 young males during treadmill running at 4.44m/s. Lower limb dominance was determined by the triple-jump test. Asymmetry was expressed as dominant - non-dominant, and indexed by the absolute asymmetry index. Significant asymmetry was found only in flight time (3.98%) and in maximal ground reaction force (1.75%). The absolute asymmetry index ranged from 1.8% to 6.4%, showed high variation between subjects (0-31.6%), and differentiated among the 7 analyzed variables. Leg and vertical stiffness in treadmill running of moderate pace (4.44m/s) should be considered symmetric.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138450/Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.457-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262196,"work_id":32138450,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6168045,"email":"p***6@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Panagiotis Pappas","title":"Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners"},{"id":28288710,"work_id":32138450,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":35981743,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***i@gmail.com","affiliation":"National \u0026 Kapodistrian University of Athens","display_order":4194304,"name":"Giorgos Paradisis","title":"Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms"},{"id":21187,"name":"Running","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Running"},{"id":37229,"name":"Human Movement Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Movement_Science"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult"},{"id":184685,"name":"Asymmetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymmetry"},{"id":293628,"name":"Dominance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominance"},{"id":462777,"name":"Leg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leg"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results"},{"id":1146831,"name":"Exercise Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Test"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena"},{"id":2234200,"name":"Functional Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Laterality"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32138449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138449/The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138449/The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys">The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SocratisKaloupsis">Socratis Kaloupsis</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas">George Vagenas</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HORMONES</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which ar...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which are related to growth and sexual maturation (T, SHBG, FAI, GH) in 66 pre-pubertal and early-pubertal boys (11-13 years old) who systematically engage in individual and team sports activities of endurance, strength, speed and skill, respectively, and b) to investigate the effect of two different forms of exercise namely aerobic (AG) and weight training (WG) on androgen levels in 19 sedentary pre-pubertal boys. The control groups (CG) consisted of boys of the same age who attended only the school physical education programmes. The individuals included in the study participated voluntarily after their parents had been informed and had given their written consent. Hormonal concentrations were determined using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays. No differences were observed among the various athletes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; groups as regards Tanner stages, height and weight. The mean T and FAI values of the control group did not differ from those of the corresponding athletes group. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding BMI, % body fat, T, SHBG, FAI and GH (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). T and FAI values in the WG group were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations: a) in the AG group by 338 and 609%, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 and b) in the control group CG by 91 and 96%, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05, respectively. The hormonal differences detected among the various groups of athletes must be attributed as much to the type of physical exercise and to developmental factors as to the selection criteria used for the different athletic talents. The importance of the specificity of training stimulus in the hormonal adaptations of pre-pubertal sedentary subjects was demonstrated.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32138449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32138449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32138449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32138449, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138449]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138449,"title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which are related to growth and sexual maturation (T, SHBG, FAI, GH) in 66 pre-pubertal and early-pubertal boys (11-13 years old) who systematically engage in individual and team sports activities of endurance, strength, speed and skill, respectively, and b) to investigate the effect of two different forms of exercise namely aerobic (AG) and weight training (WG) on androgen levels in 19 sedentary pre-pubertal boys. The control groups (CG) consisted of boys of the same age who attended only the school physical education programmes. The individuals included in the study participated voluntarily after their parents had been informed and had given their written consent. Hormonal concentrations were determined using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays. No differences were observed among the various athletes\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; groups as regards Tanner stages, height and weight. The mean T and FAI values of the control group did not differ from those of the corresponding athletes group. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding BMI, % body fat, T, SHBG, FAI and GH (p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). T and FAI values in the WG group were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations: a) in the AG group by 338 and 609%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 and b) in the control group CG by 91 and 96%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05, respectively. The hormonal differences detected among the various groups of athletes must be attributed as much to the type of physical exercise and to developmental factors as to the selection criteria used for the different athletic talents. The importance of the specificity of training stimulus in the hormonal adaptations of pre-pubertal sedentary subjects was demonstrated.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"HORMONES"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which are related to growth and sexual maturation (T, SHBG, FAI, GH) in 66 pre-pubertal and early-pubertal boys (11-13 years old) who systematically engage in individual and team sports activities of endurance, strength, speed and skill, respectively, and b) to investigate the effect of two different forms of exercise namely aerobic (AG) and weight training (WG) on androgen levels in 19 sedentary pre-pubertal boys. The control groups (CG) consisted of boys of the same age who attended only the school physical education programmes. The individuals included in the study participated voluntarily after their parents had been informed and had given their written consent. Hormonal concentrations were determined using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays. No differences were observed among the various athletes\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; groups as regards Tanner stages, height and weight. The mean T and FAI values of the control group did not differ from those of the corresponding athletes group. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding BMI, % body fat, T, SHBG, FAI and GH (p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). T and FAI values in the WG group were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations: a) in the AG group by 338 and 609%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 and b) in the control group CG by 91 and 96%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05, respectively. The hormonal differences detected among the various groups of athletes must be attributed as much to the type of physical exercise and to developmental factors as to the selection criteria used for the different athletic talents. The importance of the specificity of training stimulus in the hormonal adaptations of pre-pubertal sedentary subjects was demonstrated.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138449/The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.382-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262204,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":62643147,"co_author_invite_id":6168050,"email":"s***s@phed.uoa.gr","display_order":0,"name":"Socratis Kaloupsis","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"},{"id":28262211,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6037661,"email":"d***r@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"Dimosthenis Messinis","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"},{"id":28288708,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":61446888,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***i@gmail.com","display_order":6291456,"name":"Paraskevi Xekouki","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"},{"id":28288709,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":32316993,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***s@auth.gr","affiliation":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","display_order":7340032,"name":"Dimitrios Karas","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="6754925" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166268"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166268/Functional_Asymmetries_and_Lateral_Dominance_in_the_Lower_Limbs_of_Distance_Runners"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166268/Functional_Asymmetries_and_Lateral_Dominance_in_the_Lower_Limbs_of_Distance_Runners">Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Sport Biomechanics</span><span>, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166268"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166268"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166268; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166253/Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and Detraining in Preadolescent Males" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166253/Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males">Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and Detraining in Preadolescent Males</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimenta...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimental trained group (STG, n = 9) and a control group (n = 10). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. The STG was submitted to a 2-month resistance-training program (6 exercises, 3 x 10 repetitions maximum [RM], 3 times per week), followed by a 2-month detraining program. The effectiveness of the resistance program was determined by measuring pre- and posttraining and detraining differences in isometric and isotonic (10RM) strength and hormonal responses in testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index (FAI). Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner. Significant posttraining isometric strength gains (17.5%) and mean T and FAI value increases (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) were observed in STG. Detraining resulted in a significant loss (9.5%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) of isometric strength whereas the hormonal parameters of STG remained practically unaltered. The relative (delta%) postdetraining hormonal responses correlated significantly with the respective isometric strength changes. In conclusion, the resistance training induced strength changes independent of the changes in the anabolic and androgenic activity in preadolescent males. Further research is needed to fully clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the strength training and detraining process.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166253]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166253']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166253, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166253]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166253,"title":"Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and Detraining in Preadolescent Males","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimental trained group (STG, n = 9) and a control group (n = 10). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. The STG was submitted to a 2-month resistance-training program (6 exercises, 3 x 10 repetitions maximum [RM], 3 times per week), followed by a 2-month detraining program. The effectiveness of the resistance program was determined by measuring pre- and posttraining and detraining differences in isometric and isotonic (10RM) strength and hormonal responses in testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index (FAI). Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner. Significant posttraining isometric strength gains (17.5%) and mean T and FAI value increases (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) were observed in STG. Detraining resulted in a significant loss (9.5%, p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) of isometric strength whereas the hormonal parameters of STG remained practically unaltered. The relative (delta%) postdetraining hormonal responses correlated significantly with the respective isometric strength changes. In conclusion, the resistance training induced strength changes independent of the changes in the anabolic and androgenic activity in preadolescent males. Further research is needed to fully clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the strength training and detraining process.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2004,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},"translated_abstract":"Nineteen untrained preadolescent males (11-13 years old) were randomly placed into an experimental trained group (STG, n = 9) and a control group (n = 10). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. The STG was submitted to a 2-month resistance-training program (6 exercises, 3 x 10 repetitions maximum [RM], 3 times per week), followed by a 2-month detraining program. The effectiveness of the resistance program was determined by measuring pre- and posttraining and detraining differences in isometric and isotonic (10RM) strength and hormonal responses in testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index (FAI). Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner. Significant posttraining isometric strength gains (17.5%) and mean T and FAI value increases (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) were observed in STG. Detraining resulted in a significant loss (9.5%, p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) of isometric strength whereas the hormonal parameters of STG remained practically unaltered. The relative (delta%) postdetraining hormonal responses correlated significantly with the respective isometric strength changes. In conclusion, the resistance training induced strength changes independent of the changes in the anabolic and androgenic activity in preadolescent males. Further research is needed to fully clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the strength training and detraining process.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32166253/Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-31T07:39:29.739-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Strength_Adaptations_and_Hormonal_Responses_to_Resistance_Training_and_Detraining_in_Preadolescent_Males","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1520,"name":"Strength \u0026 Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strength_and_Conditioning"},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology"},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone"},{"id":112275,"name":"Resistance Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Training"},{"id":115898,"name":"Androgens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androgens"},{"id":130735,"name":"Weight Lifting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Lifting"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin"},{"id":1558340,"name":"Physical Education and training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Education_and_training"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166252/Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Growth and Anabolic Hormones, Leptin, and Neuromuscular Performance in Moderately Trained Prepubescent Athletes and Untrained Boys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166252/Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys">Growth and Anabolic Hormones, Leptin, and Neuromuscular Performance in Moderately Trained Prepubescent Athletes and Untrained Boys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, n...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, neuromuscular performance, and the associations among them in trained prepubertal athletes (experimental group [EG]) and an untrained control group (CG). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria. There were no differences between EG and CG in physical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, growth hormone (GH), hand grip strength, and jumping performance. Leptin levels and percent fat of the EG were significantly lower than those of the CG (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.005). Leptin levels were significantly correlated to body fat and BMI for both the EG and the CG (r = 0.51-0.79). There is little evidence that leptin has a positive effect on growth and anabolic factors. Sex hormone-binding globulin and GH may explain the variation of leptin in athletes with low T (R(2) = 0.43) and in CG (R(2) = 0.35), respectively. Leptin seems to be a permissive factor for the onset of puberty, and the training background needs an optimal biological maturation to produce significant differences in muscle and power performance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166252]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166252']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166252, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166252]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166252,"title":"Growth and Anabolic Hormones, Leptin, and Neuromuscular Performance in Moderately Trained Prepubescent Athletes and Untrained Boys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, neuromuscular performance, and the associations among them in trained prepubertal athletes (experimental group [EG]) and an untrained control group (CG). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria. There were no differences between EG and CG in physical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, growth hormone (GH), hand grip strength, and jumping performance. Leptin levels and percent fat of the EG were significantly lower than those of the CG (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.005). Leptin levels were significantly correlated to body fat and BMI for both the EG and the CG (r = 0.51-0.79). There is little evidence that leptin has a positive effect on growth and anabolic factors. Sex hormone-binding globulin and GH may explain the variation of leptin in athletes with low T (R(2) = 0.43) and in CG (R(2) = 0.35), respectively. Leptin seems to be a permissive factor for the onset of puberty, and the training background needs an optimal biological maturation to produce significant differences in muscle and power performance.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},"translated_abstract":"We investigated hormonal regulators of growth and development, leptin levels, body composition, neuromuscular performance, and the associations among them in trained prepubertal athletes (experimental group [EG]) and an untrained control group (CG). Informed consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Their maturation stage was evaluated according to Tanner\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria. There were no differences between EG and CG in physical characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, growth hormone (GH), hand grip strength, and jumping performance. Leptin levels and percent fat of the EG were significantly lower than those of the CG (p \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05-0.005). Leptin levels were significantly correlated to body fat and BMI for both the EG and the CG (r = 0.51-0.79). There is little evidence that leptin has a positive effect on growth and anabolic factors. Sex hormone-binding globulin and GH may explain the variation of leptin in athletes with low T (R(2) = 0.43) and in CG (R(2) = 0.35), respectively. Leptin seems to be a permissive factor for the onset of puberty, and the training background needs an optimal biological maturation to produce significant differences in muscle and power performance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32166252/Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-31T07:39:29.634-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Growth_and_Anabolic_Hormones_Leptin_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_in_Moderately_Trained_Prepubescent_Athletes_and_Untrained_Boys","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1520,"name":"Strength \u0026 Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strength_and_Conditioning"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone"},{"id":100336,"name":"Body Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Composition"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones"},{"id":115898,"name":"Androgens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androgens"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise"},{"id":135357,"name":"Leptin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leptin"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index"},{"id":268784,"name":"Physical Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Fitness"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin"},{"id":1558340,"name":"Physical Education and training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Education_and_training"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166251"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166251/Influence_of_a_Twelve_Month_Conditioning_Program_on_Physical_Growth_Serum_Hormones_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_of_Peripubertal_Male_Fencers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Influence of a Twelve-Month Conditioning Program on Physical Growth, Serum Hormones, and Neuromuscular Performance of Peripubertal Male Fencers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52402585/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166251/Influence_of_a_Twelve_Month_Conditioning_Program_on_Physical_Growth_Serum_Hormones_and_Neuromuscular_Performance_of_Peripubertal_Male_Fencers">Influence of a Twelve-Month Conditioning Program on Physical Growth, Serum Hormones, and Neuromuscular Performance of Peripubertal Male Fencers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="40c1d27fe35d67e9bff52668ea8e7ba5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52402585,"asset_id":32166251,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52402585/download_file?st=MTczMjc5MTAzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5MTAzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166251"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166251]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166251']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166251, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "40c1d27fe35d67e9bff52668ea8e7ba5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166251]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166251,"title":"Influence of a Twelve-Month Conditioning Program on Physical Growth, Serum Hormones, and Neuromuscular Performance of Peripubertal Male Fencers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Tsolakis, C.K., G.C. Bogdanis, G.K. Vagenas, and A.G. Dessypris. Influence of a 12-month conditioning program on physical growth, serum hormones, and neuromuscular performance of peripubertal male fencers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(4):908-914. 2006.-This study examined the effects of a typical fencing training program on selected hormones, neuromuscular performance, and anthropometric parameters in peripubertal boys. Two sets of measurements, before training and after 12 months of training, were performed on 2 groups of 11-to 13year-old boys. One group consisted of fencers (n ϭ 8), who trained regularly for the 12-month period, and the other group (n ϭ 8) consisted of inactive children of the same age. There was no difference in Tanner's maturation stage of the 2 groups before (controls, 2.5 Ϯ 0.3; fencers, 2.1 Ϯ 0.3) and after the 12 months (controls, 3.0 Ϯ 0.3; fencers, 3.0 Ϯ 0.3). Serum testosterone, growth hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, free androgen index, and leptin changed significantly over time, reaching similar values in the 2 groups at the end of the study. Significantly greater increases in body mass (16 Ϯ 3%) and leg cross-sectional area (CSA) (32 Ϯ 7%) were observed only in the fencers' group, and these differences disappeared when height was set as a changing covariate. Although there was a greater increase in height for the fencers compared to the control group (8.6 Ϯ 1.2 vs. 3.6 Ϯ 0.9 cm, p Ͻ 0.01), the height reached at the end of the study was almost identical in the 2 groups (controls, 163.6 Ϯ 5.1; fencers, 165.4 Ϯ 2.8). Arm CSA, handgrip strength, and vertical jump performance changed significantly over time for both groups, with no differences between groups. It was concluded that a typical fencing training program for peripubertal boys did not have any effect on selected growth and anabolic hormones and did not influence the normal growth process, as this was reflected by changes in selected anthropometric and neuromuscular performance parameters. This may be because of the characteristics of the present fencing training program, which may not be adequate to alter children's hormonal functions in such a way as to override the rapid changes occurring during puberty.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32166250"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166250/Multivariate_isokinetic_asymmetry_of_the_knee_and_shoulder_in_elite_volleyball_players"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32166250/Multivariate_isokinetic_asymmetry_of_the_knee_and_shoulder_in_elite_volleyball_players">Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Sport Science</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Muscle strength asymmetries have been investigated in athletes under the assumption of their conn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Muscle strength asymmetries have been investigated in athletes under the assumption of their connection to functional discrepancies and injuries. In volleyball, which is a highly asymmetric sport, this assumption becomes a well established research hypothesis. Given the almost complete lack of scientific evidence on this hypothesis, the present study focused on the detailed multivariate quantification of muscle asymmetries in offensive</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32166250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32166250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32166250]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32166250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32166250']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32166250, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32166250]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32166250,"title":"Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Muscle strength asymmetries have been investigated in athletes under the assumption of their connection to functional discrepancies and injuries. 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52380499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138452/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_soccer_players_profile_asymmetry_and_training_age">Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Sports Science Medicine</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6582ec1cabc3eb5cd360f1ec07be706f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52380499,"asset_id":32138452,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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musculoskeletal function of the lower limbs. Assuming that these adaptations constitute a chronicity-dependent process, this study examined the effects of professional training age (PTA) on the composite strength profile of the knee and ankle joint in soccer players. One hundred soccer players (n=100) with short (5-7 years), intermediate (8-10 years) and long (\u003e11 years) PTA were tested bilaterally for isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength of the knee and ankle muscles. Knee flexion-extension was tested concentrically at 60°, 180° and 300 °/sec and eccentrically at 60° and 180 °/sec. Ankle dorsal and plantar flexions were tested at 60 o /sec for both the concentric and eccentric mode of action. Bilaterally averaged muscle strength [(R+L)/2] increased significantly from short training age to intermediate and stabilized afterwards. These strength adaptations were mainly observed at the concentric function of knee extensors at 60°/sec (p = 0.023), knee flexors at 60°/sec (p = 0.042) and 180°/sec (p = 0.036), and ankle plantar flexors at 60 o /sec (p = 0.044). A linear trend of increase in isokinetic strength with PTA level was observed for the eccentric strength of knee flexors at 60°/sec (p = 0.02) and 180°/sec (p = 0.03). Directional (R/L) asymmetries decreased with PTA, with this being mainly expressed in the concentric function of knee flexors at 180°/sec (p = 0.04) and at 300 °/sec (p = 0.03). These findings confirm the hypothesis of asymmetry in the strength adaptations that take place at the knee and ankle joint of soccer players mainly along with short and intermediate PTA. Players with a longer PTA seem to adopt a more balanced use of their lower extremities to cope with previously developed musculoskeletal asymmetries and possibly reduce injury risk. This has certain implications regarding proper training and injury prevention in relation to professional experience in soccer.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Sports Science Medicine","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":52380499},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138452/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_soccer_players_profile_asymmetry_and_training_age","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.652-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262200,"work_id":32138452,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":116418635,"co_author_invite_id":6168047,"email":"k***s@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Κωνσταντίνος Φουσέκης","title":"Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age"},{"id":28288711,"work_id":32138452,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6173288,"email":"i***s@cc.uoi.gr","display_order":4194304,"name":"Τσέπης Ηλίας","title":"Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52380499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52380499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52380499/download_file?st=MTczMjc5MTAzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5MTAzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52380499/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma-libre.pdf?1490872242=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf\u0026Expires=1732794631\u0026Signature=QoG3iZ9g7nb22zN2OfLF020M5JMGWqNxK4FC0Zgo6x5odd7FK07wvYJ6-B2htJ0pp7YlSMrO8q~DUnKoJZIpmv8AVtZPNgNaJX2ct8Zpelz4APN90KB7Fw8mdUmGfThV4F2V0zmzfLOMrgig1TTH-8p87kvGuc6syuvqkR3UPw8E5bvvzlfPm5mKXuT6ylO2Usan8dpXmOIdHWs~sHrwF9zRaHs7oC5eK0CepUkbUF9kx3Eq0j6otmvQGNHOGbdHuGNP5i~CsNKia7Ed43XNHopK9paTSLxAdoX0njUKY3obwlOJmTj4czv2mu5VekQi2IdCWQ9XTFpo50p8RxmrVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_soccer_players_profile_asymmetry_and_training_age","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[{"id":52380499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52380499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52380499/download_file?st=MTczMjc5MTAzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5MTAzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52380499/Lower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc20170330-14418-1ke9zma-libre.pdf?1490872242=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLower_limb_strength_in_professional_socc.pdf\u0026Expires=1732794631\u0026Signature=QoG3iZ9g7nb22zN2OfLF020M5JMGWqNxK4FC0Zgo6x5odd7FK07wvYJ6-B2htJ0pp7YlSMrO8q~DUnKoJZIpmv8AVtZPNgNaJX2ct8Zpelz4APN90KB7Fw8mdUmGfThV4F2V0zmzfLOMrgig1TTH-8p87kvGuc6syuvqkR3UPw8E5bvvzlfPm5mKXuT6ylO2Usan8dpXmOIdHWs~sHrwF9zRaHs7oC5eK0CepUkbUF9kx3Eq0j6otmvQGNHOGbdHuGNP5i~CsNKia7Ed43XNHopK9paTSLxAdoX0njUKY3obwlOJmTj4czv2mu5VekQi2IdCWQ9XTFpo50p8RxmrVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering"},{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics"},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences"},{"id":66744,"name":"Biomedical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research"},{"id":992395,"name":"Medicine and Science In Sports and Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Science_In_Sports_and_Exercise"}],"urls":[{"id":8036457,"url":"http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/24149628"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32138451"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138451/Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Methodological and Statistical Quality in Research Evaluating Nutritional Attitudes in Sports" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138451/Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports">Methodological and Statistical Quality in Research Evaluating Nutritional Attitudes in Sports</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutritionists. Although there has been little analysis of the quality of research undertaken in this field, there is evidence of a number of flaws and methodological concerns in some of the studies in the available literature. This review undertook a systematic assessment of the attributes of research assessing the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of athletes and coaches. Sixty questionnaire-based studies were identified by a search of official databases using specific key terms with subsequent analysis by certain inclusion-exclusion criteria. These studies were then analyzed using 33 research quality criteria related to the methods, questionnaires, and statistics used. We found that many studies did not provide information on critical issues such as research hypotheses (92%), the gaining of ethics approval (50%) or informed consent (35%), or acknowledgment of limitations in the implementation of studies or interpretation of data (72%). Many of the samples were nonprobabilistic (85%) and rather small (42%). Many questionnaires were of unknown origin (30%), validity (72%), and reliability (70%) and resulted in low (≤ 60%) response rates (38%). Pilot testing was not undertaken in 67% of the studies. Few studies dealt with sample size (2%), power (3%), assumptions (7%), confidence intervals (3%), or effect sizes (3%). Improving some of these problems and deficits may enhance future research in this field.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32138451"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32138451"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138451; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138451]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138451]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138451; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32138451']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32138451, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138451]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138451,"title":"Methodological and Statistical Quality in Research Evaluating Nutritional Attitudes in Sports","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutritionists. Although there has been little analysis of the quality of research undertaken in this field, there is evidence of a number of flaws and methodological concerns in some of the studies in the available literature. This review undertook a systematic assessment of the attributes of research assessing the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of athletes and coaches. Sixty questionnaire-based studies were identified by a search of official databases using specific key terms with subsequent analysis by certain inclusion-exclusion criteria. These studies were then analyzed using 33 research quality criteria related to the methods, questionnaires, and statistics used. We found that many studies did not provide information on critical issues such as research hypotheses (92%), the gaining of ethics approval (50%) or informed consent (35%), or acknowledgment of limitations in the implementation of studies or interpretation of data (72%). Many of the samples were nonprobabilistic (85%) and rather small (42%). Many questionnaires were of unknown origin (30%), validity (72%), and reliability (70%) and resulted in low (≤ 60%) response rates (38%). Pilot testing was not undertaken in 67% of the studies. Few studies dealt with sample size (2%), power (3%), assumptions (7%), confidence intervals (3%), or effect sizes (3%). Improving some of these problems and deficits may enhance future research in this field.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"},"translated_abstract":"The assessment of dietary attitudes and behaviors provides information of interest to sports nutritionists. Although there has been little analysis of the quality of research undertaken in this field, there is evidence of a number of flaws and methodological concerns in some of the studies in the available literature. This review undertook a systematic assessment of the attributes of research assessing the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of athletes and coaches. Sixty questionnaire-based studies were identified by a search of official databases using specific key terms with subsequent analysis by certain inclusion-exclusion criteria. These studies were then analyzed using 33 research quality criteria related to the methods, questionnaires, and statistics used. We found that many studies did not provide information on critical issues such as research hypotheses (92%), the gaining of ethics approval (50%) or informed consent (35%), or acknowledgment of limitations in the implementation of studies or interpretation of data (72%). Many of the samples were nonprobabilistic (85%) and rather small (42%). Many questionnaires were of unknown origin (30%), validity (72%), and reliability (70%) and resulted in low (≤ 60%) response rates (38%). Pilot testing was not undertaken in 67% of the studies. Few studies dealt with sample size (2%), power (3%), assumptions (7%), confidence intervals (3%), or effect sizes (3%). Improving some of these problems and deficits may enhance future research in this field.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138451/Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.549-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Methodological_and_Statistical_Quality_in_Research_Evaluating_Nutritional_Attitudes_in_Sports","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports"},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results"},{"id":2486603,"name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveys_and_Questionnaires"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32138450"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138450/Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138450/Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners">Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Human Movement Science</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffness is a vital kinetic property of yet unknown pattern of lateralization. The aim of this study was to examine the degree and variability of lower limb dominance specific asymmetry of running in terms of leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, contact time, flight time, maximal ground reaction force during contact, vertical displacement of the center of mass, and change in leg length. Leg and vertical stiffness was estimated by the sine-wave method in 22 young males during treadmill running at 4.44m/s. Lower limb dominance was determined by the triple-jump test. Asymmetry was expressed as dominant - non-dominant, and indexed by the absolute asymmetry index. Significant asymmetry was found only in flight time (3.98%) and in maximal ground reaction force (1.75%). The absolute asymmetry index ranged from 1.8% to 6.4%, showed high variation between subjects (0-31.6%), and differentiated among the 7 analyzed variables. Leg and vertical stiffness in treadmill running of moderate pace (4.44m/s) should be considered symmetric.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32138450"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32138450"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138450; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138450]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138450]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138450; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32138450']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32138450, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138450]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138450,"title":"Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffness is a vital kinetic property of yet unknown pattern of lateralization. The aim of this study was to examine the degree and variability of lower limb dominance specific asymmetry of running in terms of leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, contact time, flight time, maximal ground reaction force during contact, vertical displacement of the center of mass, and change in leg length. Leg and vertical stiffness was estimated by the sine-wave method in 22 young males during treadmill running at 4.44m/s. Lower limb dominance was determined by the triple-jump test. Asymmetry was expressed as dominant - non-dominant, and indexed by the absolute asymmetry index. Significant asymmetry was found only in flight time (3.98%) and in maximal ground reaction force (1.75%). The absolute asymmetry index ranged from 1.8% to 6.4%, showed high variation between subjects (0-31.6%), and differentiated among the 7 analyzed variables. Leg and vertical stiffness in treadmill running of moderate pace (4.44m/s) should be considered symmetric.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Human Movement Science"},"translated_abstract":"Biomechanical findings show that running is asymmetric in many kinetic properties. Running stiffness is a vital kinetic property of yet unknown pattern of lateralization. The aim of this study was to examine the degree and variability of lower limb dominance specific asymmetry of running in terms of leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, contact time, flight time, maximal ground reaction force during contact, vertical displacement of the center of mass, and change in leg length. Leg and vertical stiffness was estimated by the sine-wave method in 22 young males during treadmill running at 4.44m/s. Lower limb dominance was determined by the triple-jump test. Asymmetry was expressed as dominant - non-dominant, and indexed by the absolute asymmetry index. Significant asymmetry was found only in flight time (3.98%) and in maximal ground reaction force (1.75%). The absolute asymmetry index ranged from 1.8% to 6.4%, showed high variation between subjects (0-31.6%), and differentiated among the 7 analyzed variables. Leg and vertical stiffness in treadmill running of moderate pace (4.44m/s) should be considered symmetric.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138450/Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.457-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262196,"work_id":32138450,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6168045,"email":"p***6@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Panagiotis Pappas","title":"Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners"},{"id":28288710,"work_id":32138450,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":35981743,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***i@gmail.com","affiliation":"National \u0026 Kapodistrian University of Athens","display_order":4194304,"name":"Giorgos Paradisis","title":"Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Leg_and_vertical_stiffness_a_symmetry_between_dominant_and_non_dominant_legs_in_young_male_runners","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms"},{"id":21187,"name":"Running","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Running"},{"id":37229,"name":"Human Movement Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Movement_Science"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult"},{"id":184685,"name":"Asymmetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymmetry"},{"id":293628,"name":"Dominance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominance"},{"id":462777,"name":"Leg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leg"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results"},{"id":1146831,"name":"Exercise Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Test"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena"},{"id":2234200,"name":"Functional Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Laterality"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32138449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138449/The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32138449/The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys">The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SocratisKaloupsis">Socratis Kaloupsis</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas">George Vagenas</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HORMONES</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which ar...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which are related to growth and sexual maturation (T, SHBG, FAI, GH) in 66 pre-pubertal and early-pubertal boys (11-13 years old) who systematically engage in individual and team sports activities of endurance, strength, speed and skill, respectively, and b) to investigate the effect of two different forms of exercise namely aerobic (AG) and weight training (WG) on androgen levels in 19 sedentary pre-pubertal boys. The control groups (CG) consisted of boys of the same age who attended only the school physical education programmes. The individuals included in the study participated voluntarily after their parents had been informed and had given their written consent. Hormonal concentrations were determined using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays. No differences were observed among the various athletes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; groups as regards Tanner stages, height and weight. The mean T and FAI values of the control group did not differ from those of the corresponding athletes group. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding BMI, % body fat, T, SHBG, FAI and GH (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). T and FAI values in the WG group were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations: a) in the AG group by 338 and 609%, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 and b) in the control group CG by 91 and 96%, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05, respectively. The hormonal differences detected among the various groups of athletes must be attributed as much to the type of physical exercise and to developmental factors as to the selection criteria used for the different athletic talents. The importance of the specificity of training stimulus in the hormonal adaptations of pre-pubertal sedentary subjects was demonstrated.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32138449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32138449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32138449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32138449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32138449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32138449, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32138449]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32138449,"title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which are related to growth and sexual maturation (T, SHBG, FAI, GH) in 66 pre-pubertal and early-pubertal boys (11-13 years old) who systematically engage in individual and team sports activities of endurance, strength, speed and skill, respectively, and b) to investigate the effect of two different forms of exercise namely aerobic (AG) and weight training (WG) on androgen levels in 19 sedentary pre-pubertal boys. The control groups (CG) consisted of boys of the same age who attended only the school physical education programmes. The individuals included in the study participated voluntarily after their parents had been informed and had given their written consent. Hormonal concentrations were determined using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays. No differences were observed among the various athletes\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; groups as regards Tanner stages, height and weight. The mean T and FAI values of the control group did not differ from those of the corresponding athletes group. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding BMI, % body fat, T, SHBG, FAI and GH (p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). T and FAI values in the WG group were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations: a) in the AG group by 338 and 609%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 and b) in the control group CG by 91 and 96%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05, respectively. The hormonal differences detected among the various groups of athletes must be attributed as much to the type of physical exercise and to developmental factors as to the selection criteria used for the different athletic talents. The importance of the specificity of training stimulus in the hormonal adaptations of pre-pubertal sedentary subjects was demonstrated.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"HORMONES"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of this study was two fold a) to determine the levels of hormonal parameters which are related to growth and sexual maturation (T, SHBG, FAI, GH) in 66 pre-pubertal and early-pubertal boys (11-13 years old) who systematically engage in individual and team sports activities of endurance, strength, speed and skill, respectively, and b) to investigate the effect of two different forms of exercise namely aerobic (AG) and weight training (WG) on androgen levels in 19 sedentary pre-pubertal boys. The control groups (CG) consisted of boys of the same age who attended only the school physical education programmes. The individuals included in the study participated voluntarily after their parents had been informed and had given their written consent. Hormonal concentrations were determined using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays. No differences were observed among the various athletes\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; groups as regards Tanner stages, height and weight. The mean T and FAI values of the control group did not differ from those of the corresponding athletes group. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding BMI, % body fat, T, SHBG, FAI and GH (p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). T and FAI values in the WG group were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations: a) in the AG group by 338 and 609%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 and b) in the control group CG by 91 and 96%, p\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05, respectively. The hormonal differences detected among the various groups of athletes must be attributed as much to the type of physical exercise and to developmental factors as to the selection criteria used for the different athletic talents. The importance of the specificity of training stimulus in the hormonal adaptations of pre-pubertal sedentary subjects was demonstrated.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32138449/The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:57:57.382-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62309378,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28262204,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":62643147,"co_author_invite_id":6168050,"email":"s***s@phed.uoa.gr","display_order":0,"name":"Socratis Kaloupsis","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"},{"id":28262211,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6037661,"email":"d***r@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"Dimosthenis Messinis","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"},{"id":28288708,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":61446888,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***i@gmail.com","display_order":6291456,"name":"Paraskevi Xekouki","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"},{"id":28288709,"work_id":32138449,"tagging_user_id":62309378,"tagged_user_id":32316993,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***s@auth.gr","affiliation":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","display_order":7340032,"name":"Dimitrios Karas","title":"The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_influence_of_exercise_on_growth_hormone_and_testosterone_in_prepubertal_and_early_pubertal_boys","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":62309378,"first_name":"George","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vagenas","page_name":"GeorgeVagenas","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-03-30T02:55:08.266-07:00","display_name":"George Vagenas","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeVagenas"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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