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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hazelnuts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hazelnuts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hazelnuts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hazelnuts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biochemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biochemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Biochemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biochemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_Also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_Also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See Also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_Also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Corylus avellana</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haselaar" title="Haselaar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Haselaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9" title="بندق شائع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندق شائع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alunu" title="Alunu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Alunu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakanatikw" title="Pakanatikw – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Pakanatikw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_f%C4%B1nd%C4%B1q" title="Adi fındıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi fındıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%82" title="عادی فیندیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عادی فیندیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сәтләүек ағасы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәтләүек ағасы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Ляшчына звычайная – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ляшчына звычайная" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обикновена леска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обикновена леска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi%C4%8Dna_lijeska" title="Obična lijeska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Obična lijeska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avellaner" title="Avellaner – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Avellaner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelyana" title="Abelyana – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Abelyana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADska_obecn%C3%A1" title="Líska obecná – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Líska obecná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collen_(coeden)" title="Collen (coeden) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Collen (coeden)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassel_(art)" title="Hassel (art) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hassel (art)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeine_Hasel" title="Gemeine Hasel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeine Hasel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%A1edna_l%C4%9B%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Wšedna lěšćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wšedna lěšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_sarapuu" title="Harilik sarapuu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik sarapuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avelkorilo" title="Avelkorilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Avelkorilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurritz" title="Hurritz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hurritz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87)" title="فندق (گیاه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فندق (گیاه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogl%C3%A2r" title="Noglâr – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Noglâr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeleira" title="Abeleira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abeleira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EA%B0%9C%EC%95%94%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="유럽개암나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유럽개암나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AD%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Տխլենի սովորական – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տխլենի սովորական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%A1%C4%9Bdna_l%C4%9B%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Wšědna lěšćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wšědna lěšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi%C4%8Dna_lijeska" title="Obična lijeska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Obična lijeska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avelano" title="Avelano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Avelano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avellaniero" title="Avellaniero – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Avellaniero" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B_%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%81%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Хуымæтæджы æхсæр – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуымæтæджы æхсæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heslivi%C3%B0ur" title="Hesliviður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hesliviður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96_(%D7%A2%D7%A5)" title="לוז (עץ) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוז (עץ)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჩვეულებრივი თხილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩვეულებრივი თხილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%ABczajn%C3%B4_leszcz%C3%ABna" title="Zwëczajnô leszczëna – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zwëczajnô leszczëna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazda" title="Lazda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lazda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ABschhieselter" title="Bëschhieselter – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bëschhieselter" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprastasis_lazdynas" title="Paprastasis lazdynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paprastasis lazdynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pai_mogyor%C3%B3" title="Európai mogyoró – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Európai mogyoró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обична леска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Обична леска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9" title="بندق شائع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بندق شائع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelaar_(plant)" title="Hazelaar (plant) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hazelaar (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haozenoeteboom" title="Haozenoeteboom – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Haozenoeteboom" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%90%E3%83%9F" title="セイヨウハシバミ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セイヨウハシバミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassel" title="Hassel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hassel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassel" title="Hassel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hassel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avelani%C3%A8r_comun" title="Avelanièr comun – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Avelanièr comun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasseln%C3%B6%C3%B6t" title="Hasselnööt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hasselnööt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszczyna_pospolita" title="Leszczyna pospolita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leszczyna pospolita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avel%C3%A3" title="Avelã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Avelã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alun_(arbust)" title="Alun (arbust) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alun (arbust)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwrupa_awillanu" title="Iwrupa awillanu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iwrupa awillanu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Лещина обыкновенная – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лещина обыкновенная" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rintzola" title="Rintzola – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rintzola" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajthia" title="Lajthia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lajthia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieska_oby%C4%8Dajn%C3%A1" title="Lieska obyčajná – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lieska obyčajná" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navadna_leska" title="Navadna leska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navadna leska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обична леска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Обична леска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi%C4%8Dna_lijeska" title="Obična lijeska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Obična lijeska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopanp%C3%A4hkin%C3%A4pensas" title="Euroopanpähkinäpensas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euroopanpähkinäpensas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassel" title="Hassel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hassel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D2%9B" title="Фундуқ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фундуқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_f%C4%B1nd%C4%B1k" title="Adi fındık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adi fındık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ліщина звичайна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліщина звичайна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4r%C3%AE" title="Côrî – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Côrî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoazeloare" title="Hoazeloare – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hoazeloare" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Corylus avellana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%A6%9B" title="欧榛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧榛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazd%C4%ABns" title="Lazdīns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lazdīns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" 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100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Corylus avellana</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Corylus_avellana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Corylus_avellana.jpg/220px-Corylus_avellana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Corylus_avellana.jpg/330px-Corylus_avellana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Corylus_avellana.jpg/440px-Corylus_avellana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="611" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Leaves and nuts </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Corylus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel"><i>Corylus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. avellana</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Corylus avellana</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Corylus_avellana_range.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Corylus_avellana_range.svg/220px-Corylus_avellana_range.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Corylus_avellana_range.svg/330px-Corylus_avellana_range.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Corylus_avellana_range.svg/440px-Corylus_avellana_range.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="992" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution map </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Corylus avellana</b></i>, the <b>common hazel</b>, is a species of flowering plant in the <a href="/wiki/Birch_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Birch tree">birch</a> family <a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a>. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer <a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">filbert</a> nut. Common hazel is native to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>. </p><p>The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts. The name '<a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnut</a>' applies to the nuts of any species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Corylus" class="mw-redirect" title="Corylus">Corylus</a></i>, but in commercial contexts usually describes <i>C. avellana</i>. This hazelnut or <b>cob nut</b>, the <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">kernel</a> of the seed, is edible and used raw, roasted, or ground into a paste. Historically, the shrub was an important component of the <a href="/wiki/Hedgerows" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedgerows">hedgerows</a> used as field boundaries in lowland <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The wood was grown as <a href="/wiki/Coppice" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppice">coppice</a>, with the poles used for <a href="/wiki/Wattle-and-daub" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattle-and-daub">wattle-and-daub</a> building and agricultural fencing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common hazel is typically a <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> reaching 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall, but can reach 15 m (49 ft). The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>, rounded, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6–12 centimetres (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches) long and across, softly hairy on both surfaces, and with a double-serrate margin. The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are produced very early in spring, before the leaves, and are <a href="/wiki/Monoecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoecious">monoecious</a> with single-sex <a href="/wiki/Wind-pollinated" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind-pollinated">wind-pollinated</a> <a href="/wiki/Catkin" title="Catkin">catkins</a>. Male catkins are pale yellow and 5–12 cm long, while female flowers are very small and largely concealed in the <a href="/wiki/Bud" title="Bud">buds</a> with only the bright red <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1–3 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) long <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">styles</a> visible. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nut</a>, produced in clusters of one to five together, each nut held in a short leafy <a href="/wiki/Involucral_bract" class="mw-redirect" title="Involucral bract">involucre</a> ("husk") which encloses about three-quarters of the nut. The nut is roughly spherical to oval, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">15–20 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">12–20 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) broad (larger, up to 25 mm long, in some cultivated selections), yellow-brown with a pale <a href="/wiki/Scar" title="Scar">scar</a> at the base. The nut falls out of the involucre when ripe, about 7–8 months after <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tfl_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fnwe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fnwe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is readily distinguished from the closely related filbert (<i><a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Corylus maxima</a></i>) by the short involucre; in the filbert the nut is fully enclosed by a beak-like involucre longer than the nut.<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_(Corylus_avellana)._26-01-2021._(actm.)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Male catkins"><img alt="Male catkins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_%28Corylus_avellana%29._26-01-2021._%28actm.%29_02.jpg/180px-Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_%28Corylus_avellana%29._26-01-2021._%28actm.%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_%28Corylus_avellana%29._26-01-2021._%28actm.%29_02.jpg/270px-Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_%28Corylus_avellana%29._26-01-2021._%28actm.%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_%28Corylus_avellana%29._26-01-2021._%28actm.%29_02.jpg/360px-Katjes_van_een_hazelaar_%28Corylus_avellana%29._26-01-2021._%28actm.%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3454" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Male catkins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Female flower"><img alt="Female flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg/202px-Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg/304px-Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg/405px-Corylus_avellana_female_flower_-_Keila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Female flower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="C. avellana 'Heterophylla'"><img alt="C. avellana 'Heterophylla'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg/405px-Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg/608px-Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg/810px-Corylus_avellana_%27heterophylla%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>C. avellana</i> 'Heterophylla'</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scientific name <i>avellana</i> derives from the town of <a href="/wiki/Avella" title="Avella">Avella</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-afm2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afm2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was selected by Linnaeus from <a href="/wiki/Leonhart_Fuchs" title="Leonhart Fuchs">Leonhart Fuchs</a>'s <i>De historia stirpium commentarii insignes</i> (1542), where the species was described as "<i>Avellana nux sylvestris</i>" ("wild nut of Avella").<sup id="cite_ref-cl_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That name was taken in turn from <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder's</a> first century A.D. encyclopedia <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Naturalis Historia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Corylus avellana</i> occurs from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> south to <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, north to central <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, and east to the central <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, and northwestern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dvf_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dvf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tfl_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leaves provide food for many animals, including <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a> such as the case-bearer moth <i><a href="/wiki/Coleophora_anatipennella" title="Coleophora anatipennella">Coleophora anatipennella</a></i>. Caterpillars of the concealer moth <i><a href="/wiki/Alabonia_geoffrella" title="Alabonia geoffrella">Alabonia geoffrella</a></i> have been found feeding inside dead common hazel twigs. </p><p>The fruit are possibly even more important animal food, both for <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a> adapted to circumvent the shell (usually by <a href="/wiki/Ovipositing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovipositing">ovipositing</a> in the female flowers, which also gives protection to the offspring) and for <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> which manage to crack them open (such as <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corvid" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvid">corvids</a>). Both are considered pests by hazelnut growers. </p><p>The roots of <i>C. avellana</i> are also commonly used as the host for <a href="/wiki/Ectomycorrhizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ectomycorrhizal">ectomycorrhizal</a> fungus such as <i><a href="/wiki/Laccaria_laccata" title="Laccaria laccata">Laccaria laccata</a></i> (Deceiver), <i><a href="/wiki/Russula_ochroleuca" title="Russula ochroleuca">Russula ochroleuca</a></i> (Ochre Brittlegill) and <i><a href="/wiki/Paxillus_involutus" title="Paxillus involutus">Paxillus involutus</a></i> (Brown Rollrim), which are the most commonly recorded mycorrhizal fungi in Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Mediterranean, the Black Truffle (<i><a href="/wiki/Tuber_melanosporum" title="Tuber melanosporum">Tuber melanosporum</a></i>) is found on the roots.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg/220px-Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg/330px-Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg/440px-Hazelnut_in_blossom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><i>Corylus avellana</i> 'Contorta'</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of the hazel, up to 400 cultivars (in 2011) of <i>C. avellana</i> have been named.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list of cultivars includes Barcelona, Butler, Casina, Clark Cosford, Daviana, Delle Langhe, England, Ennis, Fillbert, Halls Giant, Jemtegaard, Kent Cob, Lewis, Tokolyi, Tonda Gentile, Tonda di Giffoni,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tonda Romana, Wanliss Pride, and Willamette.<sup id="cite_ref-rhs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also includes Polish hazelnuts cultivars: Kataloński and Webba Cenny.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut including large nut size, and early and late fruiting cultivars, whereas other are grown as pollinators. The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts.<sup id="cite_ref-rhs_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cultivars are of <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> origin between common hazel and filbert.<sup id="cite_ref-fnwe_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fnwe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following ornamental cultivars have gained the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merit" title="Award of Garden Merit">Award of Garden Merit</a>: </p> <ul><li>'Contorta'<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (corkscrew hazel, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lauder" title="Harry Lauder">Harry Lauder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Lauder,_full-length_portrait,_in_costume,_standing,_facing_front)_-_E._White,_N.Y_LCCN00650481.tif" title="File:Harry Lauder, full-length portrait, in costume, standing, facing front) - E. White, N.Y LCCN00650481.tif">walking stick</a>)</li> <li>'Red Majestic'<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i>New Sunset Western Garden Book</i>, the European hazelnut is among the most widely grown hazelnut plants for commercial nut production.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This shrub is common in many European woodlands. It is an important component of the <a href="/wiki/Hedgerow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedgerow">hedgerows</a> that were the traditional field boundaries in lowland <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> was traditionally grown as <a href="/wiki/Coppicing" title="Coppicing">coppice</a>, the poles cut and used for <a href="/wiki/Wattle-and-daub" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattle-and-daub">wattle-and-daub</a> building and agricultural <a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">fencing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hazelnuts">Hazelnuts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hazelnuts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazelnuts_(Corylus_avellana)_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg/220px-Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg/330px-Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg/440px-Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a><figcaption>Hazelnuts</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></div> <p>Hazelnuts are rich in <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">unsaturated fat</a>. They also contain significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">thiamine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common hazel is cultivated for its nuts in <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchards</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>. The name "hazelnut" applies to the nuts of any of the several species of the genus <i>Corylus</i>. This hazelnut or cobnut, the <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">kernel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a>, is edible and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste. The seed has a thin, dark brown skin which has a <a href="/wiki/Taste#Bitterness" title="Taste">bitter</a> flavour and is sometimes removed before cooking. The top producer of hazelnuts, by a large margin, is Turkey, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Giresun_Province" title="Giresun Province">Giresun Province</a>. Turkish hazelnut production of 625,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> accounts for approximately 75% of worldwide production.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Biochemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> recognized edible nuts as "<a href="/wiki/Cardiac_diet" title="Cardiac diet">heart healthy</a>" foods.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frequent nut intake is associated with low risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prevalent <a href="/wiki/Phenols" title="Phenols">phenolics</a> accumulates in <i>Corylus avellana</i> kernels and its by-products are <a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">catechin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallic_acid" title="Gallic acid">gallic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinapic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinapic acid">sinapic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caffeic_acid" title="Caffeic acid">caffeic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-Coumaric_acid" title="P-Coumaric acid">p-coumaric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferulic_acid" title="Ferulic acid">ferulic acid</a>, their <a href="/wiki/Esters" class="mw-redirect" title="Esters">esters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flavonoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavonoids">flavonoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various other bioactive phenols have also been characterized in hazelnut leaves and foliar buds.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_Also">See Also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See Also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gevuina_avellana" class="mw-redirect" title="Gevuina avellana">Gevuina avellana</a></i> (Chilean hazelnut, or Gevuina hazelnut)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShaw,_K.Roy,_S.Wilson,_B.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Shaw, K.; Roy, S.; Wilson, B. 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Cardiovasc Risk</i>. <b>3</b> (6): 513–521. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9100087">9100087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Cardiovasc+Risk&rft.atitle=Vitamin+C+and+cardiovascular+disease+%E2%80%93+a+systematic+review.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=513-521&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9100087&rft.aulast=Ness&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rft.au=Powles%2C+J.W.&rft.au=Khaw%2C+K.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorylus+avellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahidiAlasalvarLiyana-Pathirana2007" class="citation journal cs1">Shahidi, Fereidoon; Alasalvar, Cesarettin; Liyana-Pathirana, Chandrika M. (March 2007). "Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Hazelnut Kernel (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) and Hazelnut Byproducts". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 1212–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf062472o">10.1021/jf062472o</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17249682">17249682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+Phytochemicals+in+Hazelnut+Kernel+%28Corylus+avellana+L.%29+and+Hazelnut+Byproducts&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1212-20&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf062472o&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17249682&rft.aulast=Shahidi&rft.aufirst=Fereidoon&rft.au=Alasalvar%2C+Cesarettin&rft.au=Liyana-Pathirana%2C+Chandrika+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorylus+avellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Del Rio et al. 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliveiraSousaValentãoAndrade2007" class="citation journal cs1">Oliveira, I.; Sousa, A.; Valentão, P.; Andrade, P. B.; Ferreira, I. C. F. R.; Ferreres, F.; Bento, A.; Seabra, R.; Estevinho, L.; Pereira, J. A. (2007). "Hazel (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) leaves as source of antimicrobial and antioxidative compounds". <i>Food Chemistry</i>. <b>105</b> (3): 1018–1025. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2007.04.059">10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.059</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10198%2F753">10198/753</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Hazel+%28Corylus+avellana+L.%29+leaves+as+source+of+antimicrobial+and+antioxidative+compounds.&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1018-1025&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10198%2F753&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2007.04.059&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Sousa%2C+A.&rft.au=Valent%C3%A3o%2C+P.&rft.au=Andrade%2C+P.+B.&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+I.+C.+F.+R.&rft.au=Ferreres%2C+F.&rft.au=Bento%2C+A.&rft.au=Seabra%2C+R.&rft.au=Estevinho%2C+L.&rft.au=Pereira%2C+J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorylus+avellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_americana" title="Corylus americana">American hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_cornuta" title="Corylus cornuta">Beaked hazel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Filbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_heterophylla" title="Corylus heterophylla">Asian hazel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_nut" title="Kola nut">Kola nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachychiton" title="Brachychiton">Kurrajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachira_aquatica" title="Pachira aquatica">Malabar chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis" title="Elaeis guineensis">Palm nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia" title="Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia">Red bopple nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_bancroftii" title="Beilschmiedia bancroftii">Yellow walnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semecarpus_australiensis" title="Semecarpus australiensis">Australian cashew nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Betel nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Borneo tallow nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Chilean hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coula_edulis" title="Coula edulis">Gabon nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carya_tomentosa" title="Carya tomentosa">Mockernut hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">Shagbark hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_laciniosa" title="Carya laciniosa">Shellbark hickory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpus_bancroftii" title="Elaeocarpus bancroftii">Johnstone River almond</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irvingia_gabonensis" title="Irvingia gabonensis">Irvingia gabonensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jack nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuka" title="Karuka">Karuka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_julianettii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus julianettii">Planted karuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_brosimos" title="Pandanus brosimos">Wild karuka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo" title="Mongongo">Mongongo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panda_oleosa" title="Panda oleosa">Panda oleosa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocar_nuciferum" title="Caryocar nuciferum">Pekea nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarium_ovatum" title="Canarium ovatum">Pili nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">Butternut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">English walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_ailantifolia" title="Juglans ailantifolia">Heartnut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrozamia" title="Macrozamia">Burrawang nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo nut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a></i> spp. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_bidwillii" title="Araucaria bidwillii">Bunya nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Monkey-puzzle nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">Chilgoza pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Colorado pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_koraiensis" title="Pinus koraiensis">Korean pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Mexican pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Single-leaf pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_pine" title="Stone pine">Stone pine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">Macadamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Queensland macadamia nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythis" title="Lecythis">Paradise nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterculia_quadrifida" title="Sterculia quadrifida">Peanut tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Corylus avellana</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124969" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q124969">Q124969</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Corylus avellana">Corylus avellana</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/450709">450709</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id3426">3426</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/YQ55">YQ55</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=2246">2246</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1147599">1147599</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CYLAV">CYLAV</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/168083">168083</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500449">233500449</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2875979">2875979</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=11643">11643</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/54491">54491</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IPA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=11675">11675</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/295446-1">295446-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10428625">10428625</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=501642">501642</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/63521">63521</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277826">277826</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.133791/">2.133791</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000003839">NBNSYS0000003839</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=13451">13451</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/ae894f32-452a-407b-9d62-f7f0aafff54c">ae894f32-452a-407b-9d62-f7f0aafff54c</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Plant_Conservation_Network" title="New Zealand Plant Conservation Network">NZPCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=7657">7657</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/6645/">6645</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=424336">424336</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PalDat: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paldat.org/pub/Corylus_avellana">Corylus_avellana</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Corylus+avellana">Corylus avellana</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=256">256</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-47841">kew-47841</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/COAV80">COAV80</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A295446-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295446-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/3600036">3600036</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/3722">3722</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000925259">wfo-0000925259</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124969#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4159196-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hazel"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh96002271">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Noisetier commun"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122448730">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Noisetier commun"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122448730">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="líska obecná"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph281332&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lísky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph499520&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007544457705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&oldid=1252458889">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corylus_avellana&oldid=1252458889</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List least concern species">IUCN Red List least concern species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Corylus" title="Category:Corylus">Corylus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Europe" title="Category:Flora of Europe">Flora of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Western_Asia" title="Category:Flora of Western Asia">Flora of Western Asia</a></li><li><a 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