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<li id="toc-Achaemenid_Empire_(The_First_Persian_Empire)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achaemenid_Empire_(The_First_Persian_Empire)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achaemenid_Empire_(The_First_Persian_Empire)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aramaic-derived_scripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aramaic-derived_scripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Aramaic-derived scripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aramaic-derived_scripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_using_the_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_using_the_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Languages using the alphabet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Languages_using_the_alphabet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Languages using the alphabet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Languages_using_the_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maaloula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maaloula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Maaloula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maaloula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aramaic alphabet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramese_alfabet" title="Aramese alfabet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aramese alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبجدية آرامية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية آرامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC_%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܪܡܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_aram%C3%A9u" title="Alfabetu araméu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu araméu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="আরামীয় লিপি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরামীয় লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арамейска азбука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арамейска азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_aramaek" title="Lizherenneg aramaek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg aramaek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_arameu" title="Alfabet arameu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet arameu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%C4%95" title="Арамей алфавичĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арамей алфавичĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramejsk%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Aramejské písmo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aramejské písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aram%C3%A4ische_Schrift" title="Aramäische Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aramäische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_arameo" title="Alfabeto arameo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto arameo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramea_skribo" title="Aramea skribo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aramea skribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramear_alfabeto" title="Aramear alfabeto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aramear alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="الفبای آرامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای آرامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_aram%C3%A9en" title="Alphabet araméen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet araméen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arameesk_alfabet" title="Arameesk alfabet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Arameesk alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Aramaagh" title="Abbyrlhit Aramaagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Aramaagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_arameo" title="Alfabeto arameo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto arameo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8C_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="아람 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아람 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Արամեական գիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արամեական գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="आरमेइक लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आरमेइक लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramejsko_pismo" title="Aramejsko pismo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aramejsko pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Aram" title="Abjad Aram – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abjad Aram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_aramaico" title="Alfabeto aramaico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto aramaico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99" title="אלפבית ארמי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית ארמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="არამეული დამწერლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არამეული დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Арамей жазуы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Арамей жазуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alefbet_arameo" title="Alefbet arameo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alefbet arameo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aram%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aramėjų raštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aramėjų raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_arami" title="Alfabeta arami – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta arami" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1mi_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Arámi ábécé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arámi ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арамејска азбука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арамејска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_arameana" title="Abidy arameana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy arameana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramees_alfabet" title="Aramees alfabet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aramees alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="アラム文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラム文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ӏарамийн абат – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏарамийн абат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_arameiske_alfabetet" title="Det arameiske alfabetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det arameiske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arameisk_skrift" title="Arameisk skrift – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arameisk skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oromiy_yozuvi" title="Oromiy yozuvi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oromiy yozuvi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਆਰਾਮੀ ਲਿਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਾਮੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="آرامی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرامی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ارامي ليکدود – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ارامي ليکدود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="អក្ខរក្រមអារ៉ាមិច – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អក្ខរក្រមអារ៉ាមិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_aramejski" title="Alfabet aramejski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet aramejski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_aramaico" title="Alfabeto aramaico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto aramaico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_aramaic" title="Alfabetul aramaic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul aramaic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Арамейское письмо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арамейское письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aramaic alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ئەلفوبێی ئارامی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێی ئارامی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramean_kirjaimisto" title="Aramean kirjaimisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aramean kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%CA%B7mmay_a%E1%B9%9Bamiy" title="Agʷmmay aṛamiy – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Agʷmmay aṛamiy" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemmay_arami" title="Agemmay arami – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agemmay arami" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ชุดตัวอักษรแอราเมอิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชุดตัวอักษรแอราเมอิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Хати оромӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хати оромӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arami_alfabesi" title="Arami alfabesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arami alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Арамейське письмо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арамейське письмо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="آرامی حروف تہجی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرامی حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Aram" title="Chữ Aram – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Aram" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉米字母 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉米字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Script used to write the Aramaic language</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:palegreen;">Aramaic alphabet<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg/220px-Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg/330px-Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg/440px-Stele_Salm_Louvre_AO5009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Aramaic <a href="/wiki/Tayma_stones" title="Tayma stones">inscription from Tayma</a>, containing a dedicatory inscription to the god Salm</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">800 BC to AD 600</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Right-to-left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edomite_language" title="Edomite language">Edomite</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Aramaic alphabet</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWS_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi script">Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Armi</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(124)</span>, Imperial Aramaic</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Imperial Aramaic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10840.pdf">U+10840–U+1085F</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shlama.svg/60px-Shlama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shlama.svg/80px-Shlama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains Syriac text, written from right to left in a cursive style with some letters joined.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Syriac/Aramaic_script" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see unjoined Syriac letters or other symbols instead of <a href="/wiki/Syriac_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac script">Syriac script</a>.</div></div> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks abchis-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></i></span> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></i></span> 32nd c. BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></i></span> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a></i></span> 19th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a> 15th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian</a> 9th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th c. BCE</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li>(<span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#tp-abchistory-phx">below</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1601</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a> 1989</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="treeview"><span class="anchor" id="tp-abchistory-phx"></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">Paleo-Hebrew</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> 3rd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family">Brahmic</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a> 4th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> 6th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> 611</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʼPhags-pa">ʼPhags-pa</a> 1269</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic#Square_Aramaic_Alphabet" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Square Aramaic</a> 2007</li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a></i></span> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> 2nd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a> 1949</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a> 6th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 650</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a> 2nd century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Etruscan</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> 1854</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a> 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a> 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a> 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a> 2006</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> 2nd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a> 5th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> 862</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 940</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Permic">Old Permic</a> 1372</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh#Neo-Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a> 1970</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleohispanic_scripts" title="Paleohispanic scripts">Paleohispanic</a> 7th c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:190px;background:white; font-size:85%"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Arameans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Arameans">Ancient Arameans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic language</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aramaic alphabet</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc"> <a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite states</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(biblical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aram (biblical region)">Biblical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddan_Aram" title="Paddan Aram">Paddan Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_Rehob" title="Aram Rehob">Aram Rehob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Aram Soba</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc"> <a href="/wiki/Aramean_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramean kings">Aramean kings</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irhuleni" title="Irhuleni">Irhuleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezion" title="Hezion">Hezion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabrimmon" title="Tabrimmon">Tabrimmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hadad_I" title="Ben-Hadad I">Ben-Hadad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadadezer" title="Hadadezer">Hadadezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hadad_III" title="Ben-Hadad III">Ben-Hadad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezin" title="Rezin">Rezin</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc"> Aramean cities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Amrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpad,_Syria" title="Arpad, Syria">Arpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Bahiani" title="Bit Bahiani">Bit Bahiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coba_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Coba Höyük">Coba Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidara" title="Gidara">Gidara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarqar" title="Qarqar">Qarqar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhizzi" title="Ruhizzi">Ruhizzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%27al" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam'al">Sam'al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aran" title="Tell Aran">Tell Aran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Tell Halaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Til_Barsip" title="Til Barsip">Til Barsip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upu" title="Upu">Upu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobah</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc"> Sources</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Aramaic inscriptions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arameans" title="Template:Arameans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arameans" title="Template talk:Arameans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arameans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arameans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ancient <b>Aramaic alphabet</b> was used to write the <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic languages</a> spoken by ancient <a href="/wiki/Aramean" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramean">Aramean</a> pre-Christian tribes throughout the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>. It was also adopted by other peoples as their own alphabet when empires and their subjects underwent linguistic Aramaization during a <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a> for governing purposes — a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a> centuries later — including among the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonians</a> who permanently replaced their <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> language and its <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform script</a> with Aramaic and its script, and among <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>, who adopted the Aramaic language as their vernacular and started using the Aramaic alphabet, which they call "<a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Square Script</a>", even for writing <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, displacing the former <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a> derives from the Aramaic alphabet, in contrast to the modern <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan alphabet</a>, which derives from <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a>. </p><p>The letters in the Aramaic alphabet all represent <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a>, some of which are also used as <i><a href="/wiki/Mater_lectionis" title="Mater lectionis">matres lectionis</a></i> to indicate long <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>. Writing systems, like the Aramaic, that indicate consonants but do not indicate most vowels other than by means of <i>matres lectionis</i> or added diacritical signs, have been called <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">abjads</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_T._Daniels" title="Peter T. Daniels">Peter T. Daniels</a> to distinguish them from alphabets such as the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a>, that represent vowels more systematically. The term was coined to avoid the notion that a writing system that represents sounds must be either a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a> or an alphabet, which would imply that a system like Aramaic must be either a syllabary, as argued by <a href="/wiki/Ignace_Gelb" title="Ignace Gelb">Ignace Gelb</a>, or an incomplete or <a href="/wiki/Defective_script" title="Defective script">deficient alphabet</a>, as most other writers had said before Daniels. Daniels put forward, this is a different type of writing system, intermediate between syllabaries and 'full' alphabets. </p><p>The Aramaic <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a> is historically significant since virtually all <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern</a> <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> writing systems can be traced back to it. That is primarily due to the widespread usage of the Aramaic language after it was adopted as both a <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> and the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a> Empires, and their successor, the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>. Among the descendant scripts in modern use, the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a> bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BC, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes. By contrast the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan Hebrew script</a> is directly descended from Proto-Hebrew/Phoenician script, which was the ancestor of the Aramaic alphabet. The Aramaic alphabet was also an ancestor to the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac alphabet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,and <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean alphabet</a>, which had the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> as a descendant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AsokaKandahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/220px-AsokaKandahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/330px-AsokaKandahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/440px-AsokaKandahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Bilingual_Rock_Inscription" title="Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription">Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription</a>, a Greek and Aramaic inscription by the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan Empire">Mauryan</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, 3rd century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest inscriptions in the <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic language</a> use the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the alphabet developed into the Aramaic alphabet by the 8th century BC. It was used to write the <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic languages</a> spoken by ancient Aramean pre-Christian tribes throughout the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>. It was also adopted by other peoples as their own alphabet when empires and their subjects underwent linguistic Aramaization during a <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a> for governing purposes — a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a> centuries later. </p><p>These include the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonians</a>, who permanently replaced their <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> language and its <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform script</a> with Aramaic and its script, and among <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>, who adopted the Aramaic language as their vernacular and started using the Aramaic alphabet even for writing <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, displacing the former <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a> derives from the Aramaic alphabet, in contrast to the modern <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan alphabet</a>, which derives from <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Achaemenid_Empire_(The_First_Persian_Empire)"><span id="Achaemenid_Empire_.28The_First_Persian_Empire.29"></span>Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic" title="Imperial Aramaic">Imperial Aramaic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sirkap_Aramaic_inscription_4th_century_BC_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sirkap_Aramaic_inscription_4th_century_BC_%282%29.jpg/170px-Sirkap_Aramaic_inscription_4th_century_BC_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="510" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sirkap_Aramaic_inscription_4th_century_BC_%282%29.jpg/255px-Sirkap_Aramaic_inscription_4th_century_BC_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Sirkap_Aramaic_inscription_4th_century_BC_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_inscription_of_Taxila" title="Aramaic inscription of Taxila">Aramaic inscription of Taxila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> probably by the emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> around 260 BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 500 BC, following the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> conquest of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> under <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Aramaic" title="Old Aramaic">Old Aramaic</a> was adopted by the Persians as the "vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast Persian empire with its different peoples and languages. The use of a single official language, which modern scholarship has dubbed as Official Aramaic, Imperial Aramaic or Achaemenid Aramaic, can be assumed to have greatly contributed to the astonishing success of the Achaemenid Persians in holding their far-flung empire together for as long as they did."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imperial Aramaic was highly standardised. Its orthography was based more on historical roots than any spoken dialect and was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>. The Aramaic glyph forms of the period are often divided into two main styles, the "lapidary" form, usually inscribed on hard surfaces like stone monuments, and a cursive form whose lapidary form tended to be more conservative by remaining more visually similar to Phoenician and early Aramaic. Both were in use through the Achaemenid Persian period, but the cursive form steadily gained ground over the lapidary, which had largely disappeared by the 3rd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For centuries after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BC, Imperial Aramaic, or something near enough to it to be recognisable, remained an influence on the various native <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a>. The Aramaic script survived as the essential characteristics of the Iranian <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi writing system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>30 Aramaic documents from <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> have been recently discovered, an analysis of which was published in November 2006. The texts, which were rendered on leather, reflect the use of Aramaic in the 4th century BC, in the Persian Achaemenid administration of <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The widespread usage of Achaemenid Aramaic in the Middle East led to the gradual adoption of the Aramaic alphabet for writing <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>. Formerly, Hebrew had been written using an alphabet closer in form to that of Phoenician, the <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aramaic-derived_scripts">Aramaic-derived scripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aramaic-derived scripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the evolution of the Aramaic alphabet out of the Phoenician one was a gradual process, the division of the world's alphabets into the ones derived from the Phoenician one directly, and the ones derived from Phoenician via Aramaic, is somewhat artificial. In general, the alphabets of the Mediterranean region (Anatolia, Greece, Italy) are classified as Phoenician-derived, adapted from around the 8th century BC. Those of the East (the Levant, Persia, Central Asia, and India) are considered Aramaic-derived, adapted from around the 6th century BC from the Imperial Aramaic script of the Achaemenid Empire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Reliable source needed for the whole sentence (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the unity of the Imperial Aramaic script was lost, diversifying into a number of descendant cursives. </p><p>The Hebrew and <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean alphabets</a>, as they stood by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman era">Roman era</a>, were little changed in style from the Imperial Aramaic alphabet. <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (1332–1406) alleges that not only the old Nabataean writing was influenced by the "Syrian script" (i.e. Aramaic), but also the old Chaldean script.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">cursive Hebrew</a> variant developed from the early centuries AD. It remained restricted to the status of a variant used alongside the noncursive. By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> as it stood by the time of the early <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">spread of Islam</a>. </p><p>The development of cursive versions of Aramaic led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic alphabets</a>, which formed the basis of the historical scripts of Central Asia, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> alphabets.<sup id="cite_ref-Kara1996_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kara1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a> is generally considered to have its ultimate origins in Aramaic,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kara1996_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kara1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular via the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi script">Pahlavi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian alphabets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as suggested by <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Thomsen" title="Vilhelm Thomsen">V. Thomsen</a>, or possibly via <a href="/wiki/Kharo%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADh%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharoṣṭhī">Kharosthi</a> (<i>cf</i>., <a href="/wiki/Issyk_inscription" title="Issyk inscription">Issyk inscription</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> was also possibly derived or inspired by Aramaic. <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_family_of_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family of scripts">Brahmic family of scripts</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages_using_the_alphabet">Languages using the alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Languages using the alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical Aramaic</a>, Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects and the Aramaic language of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> are written in the modern-Hebrew alphabet, distinguished from the <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Old Hebrew</a> script. In classical <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Jewish literature</a>, the name given to the modern-Hebrew script was "Ashurit", the ancient Assyrian script,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a script now known widely as the Aramaic script.<sup id="cite_ref-SteinerRC1993_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SteinerRC1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that during the period of Assyrian dominion, that Aramaic script and language received official status.<sup id="cite_ref-SteinerRC1993_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SteinerRC1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> and Christian Neo-Aramaic dialects are today written in the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac alphabet</a>, which script has superseded the more ancient Assyrian script and now bears its name. <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a> is written in the <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic alphabet</a>. The near-identical nature of the Aramaic and the classical Hebrew alphabets caused Aramaic text to be typeset mostly in the standard Hebrew script in scholarly literature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maaloula">Maaloula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maaloula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Western Neo-Aramaic</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Maaloula" title="Maaloula">Maaloula</a>, one of few surviving communities in which a <a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Western Aramaic</a> dialect is still spoken, an Aramaic Language Institute was established in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Damascus_University" title="Damascus University">Damascus University</a> that teaches courses to keep the language alive. </p><p>Unlike Classical Syriac, which has a rich literary tradition in Syriac-Aramaic script, Western Neo-Aramaic was solely passed down orally for generations until 2006 and was not utilized in a written form.<sup id="cite_ref-Oriens_Christianus_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oriens_Christianus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Therefore, the Language Institute's chairman, George Rizkalla (Rezkallah), undertook the writing of a textbook in Western Neo-Aramaic. Being previously unwritten, Rizkalla opted for the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a>. In 2010, the institute's activities were halted due to concerns that the square Maalouli-Aramaic alphabet used in the program bore a resemblance to the square script of the Hebrew alphabet. As a result, all signs featuring the square Maalouli script were subsequently removed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program stated that they would instead use the more distinct <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac-Aramaic alphabet</a>, although use of the Maalouli alphabet has continued to some degree.<sup id="cite_ref-institute_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-institute-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al Jazeera Arabic also broadcast a program about Western Neo-Aramaic and the villages in which it is spoken with the square script still in use.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="max-width:0em">Letter name </th> <th colspan="4">Aramaic written using </th> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">Phoneme</a> </th> <th colspan="15">Equivalent letter in </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;">Imperial Aramaic </th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac script</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic#Square_Maalouli_alphabet" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Maalouli</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Parthian</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/South_Arabian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="South Arabian alphabet">South Arabian</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;">Ethiopic (<a href="/wiki/Geez" class="mw-redirect" title="Geez">Geez</a>) </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic alphabet">Turkic</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Image</th> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Text</th> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Image</th> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Text </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Ālaph</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aleph.svg/18px-Aleph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aleph.svg/27px-Aleph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aleph.svg/36px-Aleph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385528">.mw-parser-output .script-aramaic{font-family:"Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡀</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_alap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style><span class="Unicode">ܐ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eː/</span> </td> <td>ʾ </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">א</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_alef.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maaloula_square_alef.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_alef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maaloula_square_alef.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_alef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maaloula_square_alef.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_alef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="1002" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:01_aleph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/01_aleph.svg/70px-01_aleph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/01_aleph.svg/105px-01_aleph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/01_aleph.svg/140px-01_aleph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="119" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">𐭀</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">𐩱</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">አ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385857">.mw-parser-output .script-phoenician{font-family:"Noto Sans Phoenician",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤀</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">Α</a>α </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a>а </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Brahmi_a.svg/18px-Brahmi_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Brahmi_a.svg/27px-Brahmi_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Brahmi_a.svg/36px-Brahmi_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/A_(Indic)" title="A (Indic)">𑀅</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_aa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Brahmi_aa.svg/18px-Brahmi_aa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Brahmi_aa.svg/27px-Brahmi_aa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Brahmi_aa.svg/36px-Brahmi_aa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%C4%80_(Indic)" title="Ā (Indic)">𑀆</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kharosthi_a.svg/16px-Kharosthi_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kharosthi_a.svg/24px-Kharosthi_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kharosthi_a.svg/32px-Kharosthi_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨀 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰁 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">Bēth</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Beth.svg/18px-Beth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Beth.svg/27px-Beth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Beth.svg/36px-Beth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡁</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_bet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܒ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> </td> <td>b </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ב</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_vet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Maaloula_square_vet.svg/25px-Maaloula_square_vet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Maaloula_square_vet.svg/38px-Maaloula_square_vet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Maaloula_square_vet.svg/50px-Maaloula_square_vet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02_bet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/02_bet.svg/42px-02_bet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/02_bet.svg/63px-02_bet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/02_bet.svg/84px-02_bet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">𐭁</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ب</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">𐩨</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">በ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticB-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Proto-semiticB-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticB-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Proto-semiticB-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticB-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Proto-semiticB-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticB-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤁</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta (letter)">Β</a>β </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">Б</a>б, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">В</a>в </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brahmi_b.svg/18px-Brahmi_b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brahmi_b.svg/27px-Brahmi_b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brahmi_b.svg/36px-Brahmi_b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ba_(Indic)" title="Ba (Indic)">𑀩</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_bh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brahmi_bh.svg/18px-Brahmi_bh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brahmi_bh.svg/27px-Brahmi_bh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brahmi_bh.svg/36px-Brahmi_bh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Bha_(Indic)" title="Bha (Indic)">𑀪</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kharosthi_b.svg/20px-Kharosthi_b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kharosthi_b.svg/30px-Kharosthi_b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kharosthi_b.svg/40px-Kharosthi_b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨦 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰉 𐰋 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">Gāmal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gimel.svg/18px-Gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gimel.svg/27px-Gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gimel.svg/36px-Gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡂</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_gamal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܓ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span> </td> <td>g </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ג</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg/13px-Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg/26px-Maaloula_square_ghemal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="996" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:03_gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/03_gimel.svg/21px-03_gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/03_gimel.svg/32px-03_gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/03_gimel.svg/42px-03_gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">𐭂</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ج</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">𐩴</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">ገ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticG-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤂</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ">Γ</a>γ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a>, <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a>г, <a href="/wiki/%D2%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ґ">Ґ</a>ґ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Brahmi_g.svg/18px-Brahmi_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Brahmi_g.svg/27px-Brahmi_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Brahmi_g.svg/36px-Brahmi_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ga_(Indic)" title="Ga (Indic)">𑀕</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kharosthi_g.svg/19px-Kharosthi_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kharosthi_g.svg/29px-Kharosthi_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kharosthi_g.svg/38px-Kharosthi_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨒 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰲 𐰱 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">Dālath</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daleth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Daleth.svg/18px-Daleth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Daleth.svg/27px-Daleth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Daleth.svg/36px-Daleth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡃</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg/30px-Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg/45px-Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg/60px-Syriac_Estrangela_dalat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܕ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ð/</span> </td> <td>d </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ד</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_dhalet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="999" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:04_dal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/04_dal.svg/19px-04_dal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/04_dal.svg/29px-04_dal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/04_dal.svg/38px-04_dal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="78" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">𐭃</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">د ذ</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">𐩵</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">ደ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticD-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Proto-semiticD-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticD-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Proto-semiticD-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticD-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Proto-semiticD-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticD-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticD-02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Proto-semiticD-02.svg/20px-Proto-semiticD-02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Proto-semiticD-02.svg/30px-Proto-semiticD-02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Proto-semiticD-02.svg/40px-Proto-semiticD-02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤃</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ">Δ</a>δ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">Д</a>д </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brahmi_d.svg/18px-Brahmi_d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brahmi_d.svg/27px-Brahmi_d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brahmi_d.svg/36px-Brahmi_d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Da_(Indic)" title="Da (Indic)">𑀤</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_dh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Brahmi_dh.svg/18px-Brahmi_dh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Brahmi_dh.svg/27px-Brahmi_dh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Brahmi_dh.svg/36px-Brahmi_dh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Dha_(Indic)" title="Dha (Indic)">𑀥</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_dd.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Brahmi_dd.svg/18px-Brahmi_dd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Brahmi_dd.svg/27px-Brahmi_dd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Brahmi_dd.svg/36px-Brahmi_dd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Dda_(Indic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dda (Indic)">𑀟</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_ddh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brahmi_ddh.svg/18px-Brahmi_ddh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brahmi_ddh.svg/27px-Brahmi_ddh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brahmi_ddh.svg/36px-Brahmi_ddh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ddha_(Indic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ddha (Indic)">𑀠</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_dh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kharosthi_dh.svg/21px-Kharosthi_dh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kharosthi_dh.svg/32px-Kharosthi_dh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kharosthi_dh.svg/42px-Kharosthi_dh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨢 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰓 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">Hē</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/He0.svg/18px-He0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/He0.svg/27px-He0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/He0.svg/36px-He0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡄</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_he.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܗ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> </td> <td>h </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ה</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_hi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Maaloula_square_hi.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_hi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Maaloula_square_hi.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_hi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Maaloula_square_hi.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_hi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="997" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:05_ha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/05_ha.svg/53px-05_ha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/05_ha.svg/80px-05_ha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/05_ha.svg/106px-05_ha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">𐭄</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ه</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">𐩠</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">ሀ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticE-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Proto-semiticE-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticE-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Proto-semiticE-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticE-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Proto-semiticE-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticE-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤄</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε">Ε</a>ε </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">Е</a>е, <a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">Ё</a>ё, <a href="/wiki/%D0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Є">Є</a>є, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">Э</a>э </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brahmi_h.svg/18px-Brahmi_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brahmi_h.svg/27px-Brahmi_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brahmi_h.svg/36px-Brahmi_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ha_(Indic)" title="Ha (Indic)">𑀳</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kharosthi_h.svg/18px-Kharosthi_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kharosthi_h.svg/27px-Kharosthi_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kharosthi_h.svg/36px-Kharosthi_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨱 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">Waw</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Waw.svg/18px-Waw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Waw.svg/27px-Waw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Waw.svg/36px-Waw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡅</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_waw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܘ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uː/</span> </td> <td>w </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ו</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_wawf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Maaloula_square_wawf.svg/10px-Maaloula_square_wawf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Maaloula_square_wawf.svg/15px-Maaloula_square_wawf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Maaloula_square_wawf.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_wawf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="996" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:06_waw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/06_waw.svg/40px-06_waw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/06_waw.svg/60px-06_waw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/06_waw.svg/80px-06_waw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="84" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">𐭅</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">𐩥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">ወ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤅</span>‎ </td> <td>(<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϝ">Ϝ</a>ϝ</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Υ">Υ</a>υ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a>, <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a>, <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a>, <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѵ">Ѵ</a>ѵ, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a>у, <a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">Ў</a>ў </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Brahmi_v.svg/18px-Brahmi_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Brahmi_v.svg/27px-Brahmi_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Brahmi_v.svg/36px-Brahmi_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Va_(Indic)" title="Va (Indic)">𑀯</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_u.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Brahmi_u.svg/18px-Brahmi_u.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Brahmi_u.svg/27px-Brahmi_u.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Brahmi_u.svg/36px-Brahmi_u.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/U_(Indic)" title="U (Indic)">𑀉</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_uu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Brahmi_uu.svg/18px-Brahmi_uu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Brahmi_uu.svg/27px-Brahmi_uu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Brahmi_uu.svg/36px-Brahmi_uu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%C5%AA_(Indic)" title="Ū (Indic)">𑀊</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_au.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brahmi_au.svg/18px-Brahmi_au.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brahmi_au.svg/27px-Brahmi_au.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brahmi_au.svg/36px-Brahmi_au.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Au_(Indic)" title="Au (Indic)">𑀒</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_o.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Brahmi_o.svg/18px-Brahmi_o.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Brahmi_o.svg/27px-Brahmi_o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Brahmi_o.svg/36px-Brahmi_o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/O_(Indic)" title="O (Indic)">𑀑</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kharosthi_v.svg/18px-Kharosthi_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kharosthi_v.svg/27px-Kharosthi_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kharosthi_v.svg/36px-Kharosthi_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨬 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰈 𐰆 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">Zayn</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zayin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zayin.svg/18px-Zayin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zayin.svg/27px-Zayin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zayin.svg/36px-Zayin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡆</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_zayn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܙ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td> <td>z </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ז</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_zayn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Maaloula_square_zayn.svg/10px-Maaloula_square_zayn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Maaloula_square_zayn.svg/15px-Maaloula_square_zayn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Maaloula_square_zayn.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_zayn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="997" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:07_zayn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/07_zayn.svg/13px-07_zayn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/07_zayn.svg/20px-07_zayn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/07_zayn.svg/26px-07_zayn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">𐭆</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ز</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">𐩸</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticZ-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Proto-semiticZ-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticZ-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Proto-semiticZ-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticZ-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Proto-semiticZ-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticZ-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤆</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ζ">Ζ</a>ζ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">З</a>з </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_j.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brahmi_j.svg/18px-Brahmi_j.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brahmi_j.svg/27px-Brahmi_j.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brahmi_j.svg/36px-Brahmi_j.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ja_(Indic)" title="Ja (Indic)">𑀚</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_j.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kharosthi_j.svg/18px-Kharosthi_j.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kharosthi_j.svg/27px-Kharosthi_j.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kharosthi_j.svg/36px-Kharosthi_j.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨗 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰕 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">Ḥēth</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Heth.svg/18px-Heth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Heth.svg/27px-Heth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Heth.svg/36px-Heth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡇</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_het.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܚ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ħ/</span> </td> <td>ḥ </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ח</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_het.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maaloula_square_het.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_het.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maaloula_square_het.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_het.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maaloula_square_het.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_het.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="999" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:08_ha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/08_ha.svg/53px-08_ha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/08_ha.svg/80px-08_ha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/08_ha.svg/106px-08_ha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="101" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">𐭇</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ح خ</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">𐩢</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">ሐ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticH-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Proto-semiticH-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticH-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Proto-semiticH-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticH-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Proto-semiticH-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticH-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤇</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Η">Η</a>η </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">И</a>и, <a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a>й </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_gh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brahmi_gh.svg/18px-Brahmi_gh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brahmi_gh.svg/27px-Brahmi_gh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brahmi_gh.svg/36px-Brahmi_gh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Gha_(Indic)" title="Gha (Indic)">𑀖</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_gh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kharosthi_gh.svg/18px-Kharosthi_gh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kharosthi_gh.svg/27px-Kharosthi_gh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kharosthi_gh.svg/36px-Kharosthi_gh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨓 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">Ṭēth</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Teth.svg/18px-Teth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Teth.svg/27px-Teth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Teth.svg/36px-Teth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡈</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_tet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܛ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tˤ/</span> </td> <td>ṭ </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ט</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_tet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Maaloula_square_tet.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_tet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Maaloula_square_tet.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_tet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Maaloula_square_tet.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_tet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="872" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:09_taa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/09_taa.svg/19px-09_taa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/09_taa.svg/29px-09_taa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/09_taa.svg/38px-09_taa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="77" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">𐭈</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ط ظ</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">𐩷</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">ጠ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticTet-01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticTet-01"><img alt="Proto-semiticTet-01" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Proto-semiticTet-01.png/20px-Proto-semiticTet-01.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Proto-semiticTet-01.png/30px-Proto-semiticTet-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Proto-semiticTet-01.png/40px-Proto-semiticTet-01.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="42" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤈</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ">Θ</a>θ </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѳ">Ѳ</a>ѳ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_th.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Brahmi_th.svg/18px-Brahmi_th.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Brahmi_th.svg/27px-Brahmi_th.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Brahmi_th.svg/36px-Brahmi_th.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Tha_(Indic)" title="Tha (Indic)">𑀣</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_tt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brahmi_tt.svg/18px-Brahmi_tt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brahmi_tt.svg/27px-Brahmi_tt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brahmi_tt.svg/36px-Brahmi_tt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Tta_(Indic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tta (Indic)">𑀝</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_tth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brahmi_tth.svg/18px-Brahmi_tth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brahmi_tth.svg/27px-Brahmi_tth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brahmi_tth.svg/36px-Brahmi_tth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ttha_(Indic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ttha (Indic)">𑀞</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_th.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kharosthi_th.svg/17px-Kharosthi_th.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kharosthi_th.svg/26px-Kharosthi_th.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kharosthi_th.svg/34px-Kharosthi_th.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨠 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐱃 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">Yodh</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yod.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Yod.svg/18px-Yod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Yod.svg/27px-Yod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Yod.svg/36px-Yod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡉</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_yod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܝ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eː/</span> </td> <td>y </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">י</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_yod.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Maaloula_square_yod.svg/10px-Maaloula_square_yod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Maaloula_square_yod.svg/15px-Maaloula_square_yod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Maaloula_square_yod.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_yod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_yaa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/10_yaa.svg/53px-10_yaa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/10_yaa.svg/80px-10_yaa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/10_yaa.svg/106px-10_yaa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="86" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">𐭉</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">𐩺</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">የ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticI-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticI-01"><img alt="Proto-semiticI-01" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Proto-semiticI-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticI-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Proto-semiticI-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticI-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Proto-semiticI-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticI-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticI-02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Proto-semiticI-02.svg/20px-Proto-semiticI-02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Proto-semiticI-02.svg/30px-Proto-semiticI-02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Proto-semiticI-02.svg/40px-Proto-semiticI-02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤉</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">Ι</a>ι </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">Ιi</a>, <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="І">І</a>і, <a href="/wiki/%D0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Ї">Ї</a>ї, <a href="/wiki/%D0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Ј">Ј</a>ј </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_y.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brahmi_y.svg/18px-Brahmi_y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brahmi_y.svg/27px-Brahmi_y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brahmi_y.svg/36px-Brahmi_y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Indic)" title="Ya (Indic)">𑀬</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_y.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kharosthi_y.svg/15px-Kharosthi_y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kharosthi_y.svg/23px-Kharosthi_y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kharosthi_y.svg/30px-Kharosthi_y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨩 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰘 𐰃 𐰖 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kāph</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kaph.svg/18px-Kaph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kaph.svg/27px-Kaph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kaph.svg/36px-Kaph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡊</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_kap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܟ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> </td> <td>k </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">כ ך</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_khaf_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1297" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_khaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maaloula_square_khaf.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_khaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maaloula_square_khaf.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_khaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maaloula_square_khaf.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_khaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="979" data-file-height="998" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11_kaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/11_kaf.svg/49px-11_kaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/11_kaf.svg/74px-11_kaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/11_kaf.svg/98px-11_kaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">𐭊</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ك</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">𐩫</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">ከ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticK-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Proto-semiticK-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticK-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Proto-semiticK-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticK-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Proto-semiticK-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticK-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤊</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ">Κ</a>κ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">К</a>к </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_k.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Brahmi_k.svg/18px-Brahmi_k.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Brahmi_k.svg/27px-Brahmi_k.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Brahmi_k.svg/36px-Brahmi_k.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Indic)" title="Ka (Indic)">𑀓</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_k.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Kharosthi_k.svg/17px-Kharosthi_k.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Kharosthi_k.svg/26px-Kharosthi_k.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Kharosthi_k.svg/34px-Kharosthi_k.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨐 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰚 𐰜 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">Lāmadh</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lamed.svg/18px-Lamed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lamed.svg/27px-Lamed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lamed.svg/36px-Lamed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡋</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_lamad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܠ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td> <td>l </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif; line-height:1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ל</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_lamed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maaloula_square_lamed.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_lamed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maaloula_square_lamed.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_lamed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maaloula_square_lamed.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_lamed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:12_lam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/12_lam.svg/34px-12_lam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/12_lam.svg/51px-12_lam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/12_lam.svg/68px-12_lam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">𐭋</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ل</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">𐩡</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">ለ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticL-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Proto-semiticL-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticL-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Proto-semiticL-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticL-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Proto-semiticL-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticL-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤋</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Λ">Λ</a>λ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">Л</a>л </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_l.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brahmi_l.svg/18px-Brahmi_l.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brahmi_l.svg/27px-Brahmi_l.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brahmi_l.svg/36px-Brahmi_l.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/La_(Indic)" title="La (Indic)">𑀮</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_l.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kharosthi_l.svg/21px-Kharosthi_l.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kharosthi_l.svg/32px-Kharosthi_l.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kharosthi_l.svg/42px-Kharosthi_l.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨫 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif; line-height:1em;">𐰞 𐰠 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">Mim</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mem.svg/18px-Mem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mem.svg/27px-Mem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mem.svg/36px-Mem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡌</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_mim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܡ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td> <td>m </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מ ם</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg/18px-Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg/27px-Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg/36px-Maaloula_square_mem_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_mem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maaloula_square_mem.svg/18px-Maaloula_square_mem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maaloula_square_mem.svg/27px-Maaloula_square_mem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maaloula_square_mem.svg/36px-Maaloula_square_mem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:13_meem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/13_meem.svg/38px-13_meem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/13_meem.svg/57px-13_meem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/13_meem.svg/76px-13_meem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">𐭌</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">م</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">𐩣</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">መ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticM-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Proto-semiticM-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticM-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Proto-semiticM-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticM-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Proto-semiticM-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticM-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤌</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">Μ</a>μ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">М</a>м </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_m.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Brahmi_m.svg/18px-Brahmi_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Brahmi_m.svg/27px-Brahmi_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Brahmi_m.svg/36px-Brahmi_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ma_(Indic)" title="Ma (Indic)">𑀫</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_m.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kharosthi_m.svg/20px-Kharosthi_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kharosthi_m.svg/30px-Kharosthi_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kharosthi_m.svg/40px-Kharosthi_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨨 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰢 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">Nun</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nun.svg/18px-Nun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nun.svg/27px-Nun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nun.svg/36px-Nun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡍</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_nun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܢ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td> <td>n </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נ ן</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg/8px-Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg/12px-Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg/16px-Maaloula_square_nun_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="1441" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_nun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Maaloula_square_nun.svg/15px-Maaloula_square_nun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Maaloula_square_nun.svg/23px-Maaloula_square_nun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Maaloula_square_nun.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_nun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="998" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14_noon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/14_noon.svg/34px-14_noon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/14_noon.svg/51px-14_noon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/14_noon.svg/68px-14_noon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="99" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">𐭍</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">𐩬</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">ነ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticN-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Proto-semiticN-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticN-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Proto-semiticN-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticN-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Proto-semiticN-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticN-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤍</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ν">Ν</a>ν </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a>н </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brahmi_n.svg/18px-Brahmi_n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brahmi_n.svg/27px-Brahmi_n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brahmi_n.svg/36px-Brahmi_n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Na_(Indic)" title="Na (Indic)">𑀦</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kharosthi_n.svg/21px-Kharosthi_n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kharosthi_n.svg/32px-Kharosthi_n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kharosthi_n.svg/42px-Kharosthi_n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨣 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰤 𐰣 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Semkath</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samekh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Samekh.svg/18px-Samekh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Samekh.svg/27px-Samekh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Samekh.svg/36px-Samekh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡎</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_semkat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܣ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td> <td>s </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ס</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_sameh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maaloula_square_sameh.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_sameh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maaloula_square_sameh.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_sameh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maaloula_square_sameh.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_sameh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1003" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15_sin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/15_sin.svg/21px-15_sin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/15_sin.svg/32px-15_sin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/15_sin.svg/42px-15_sin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="83" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">𐭎</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">𐩯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticX-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticX-01"><img alt="Proto-semiticX-01" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Proto-semiticX-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticX-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Proto-semiticX-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticX-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Proto-semiticX-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticX-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticX-02.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticX-02"><img alt="Proto-semiticX-02" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Proto-semiticX-02.png/12px-Proto-semiticX-02.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Proto-semiticX-02.png/17px-Proto-semiticX-02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Proto-semiticX-02.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="34" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤎</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ξ">Ξ</a>ξ </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D1%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѯ">Ѯ</a>ѯ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_ss.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Brahmi_ss.svg/18px-Brahmi_ss.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Brahmi_ss.svg/27px-Brahmi_ss.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Brahmi_ss.svg/36px-Brahmi_ss.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ssa_(Indic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ssa (Indic)">𑀱</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_sh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kharosthi_sh.svg/17px-Kharosthi_sh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kharosthi_sh.svg/26px-Kharosthi_sh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kharosthi_sh.svg/34px-Kharosthi_sh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨭 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰾 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">ʿAyn</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ayin.svg/18px-Ayin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ayin.svg/27px-Ayin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ayin.svg/36px-Ayin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡏</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_%27e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܥ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʕ/</span> </td> <td>ʿ </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ע</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_ayn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Maaloula_square_ayn.svg/17px-Maaloula_square_ayn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Maaloula_square_ayn.svg/26px-Maaloula_square_ayn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Maaloula_square_ayn.svg/34px-Maaloula_square_ayn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="999" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:16_ein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/16_ein.svg/15px-16_ein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/16_ein.svg/23px-16_ein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/16_ein.svg/30px-16_ein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="91" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">𐭏</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ع غ</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">𐩲</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">ዐ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticO-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticO-01"><img alt="Proto-semiticO-01" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Proto-semiticO-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticO-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Proto-semiticO-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticO-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Proto-semiticO-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticO-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤏</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ο">Ο</a>ο, <a href="/wiki/%CE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ω">Ω</a>ω </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">О</a>о, <a href="/wiki/%D1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѡ">Ѡ</a>ѡ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Brahmi_e.svg/18px-Brahmi_e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Brahmi_e.svg/27px-Brahmi_e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Brahmi_e.svg/36px-Brahmi_e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/E_(Indic)" title="E (Indic)">𑀏</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_ai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brahmi_ai.svg/18px-Brahmi_ai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brahmi_ai.svg/27px-Brahmi_ai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brahmi_ai.svg/36px-Brahmi_ai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ai_(Indic)" title="Ai (Indic)">𑀐</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_i.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brahmi_i.svg/18px-Brahmi_i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brahmi_i.svg/27px-Brahmi_i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brahmi_i.svg/36px-Brahmi_i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/I_(Indic)" title="I (Indic)">𑀇</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_ii.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brahmi_ii.svg/18px-Brahmi_ii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brahmi_ii.svg/27px-Brahmi_ii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brahmi_ii.svg/36px-Brahmi_ii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%C4%AA_(Indic)" title="Ī (Indic)">𑀈</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kharosthi_e.svg/18px-Kharosthi_e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kharosthi_e.svg/27px-Kharosthi_e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kharosthi_e.svg/36px-Kharosthi_e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨀𐨅 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰏 𐰍 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">Pē</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pe0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pe0.svg/18px-Pe0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pe0.svg/27px-Pe0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pe0.svg/36px-Pe0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡐</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_pe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܦ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> </td> <td>p </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פ ף</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_fi_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_fi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Maaloula_square_fi.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_fi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Maaloula_square_fi.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_fi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Maaloula_square_fi.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_fi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="997" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17_fa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/17_fa.svg/43px-17_fa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/17_fa.svg/65px-17_fa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/17_fa.svg/86px-17_fa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">𐭐</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ف</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">𐩰</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">ፈ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticP-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Proto-semiticP-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticP-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Proto-semiticP-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticP-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Proto-semiticP-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticP-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤐</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">Π</a>π </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">П</a>п </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Brahmi_p.svg/18px-Brahmi_p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Brahmi_p.svg/27px-Brahmi_p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Brahmi_p.svg/36px-Brahmi_p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Pa_(Indic)" title="Pa (Indic)">𑀧</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_ph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brahmi_ph.svg/18px-Brahmi_ph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brahmi_ph.svg/27px-Brahmi_ph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brahmi_ph.svg/36px-Brahmi_ph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Pha_(Indic)" title="Pha (Indic)">𑀨</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kharosthi_p.svg/18px-Kharosthi_p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kharosthi_p.svg/27px-Kharosthi_p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kharosthi_p.svg/36px-Kharosthi_p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨤 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰯 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">Ṣādhē</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sade_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sade_1.svg/18px-Sade_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sade_1.svg/27px-Sade_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sade_1.svg/36px-Sade_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sade_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Sade_2.svg/18px-Sade_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Sade_2.svg/27px-Sade_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Sade_2.svg/36px-Sade_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡑</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_sade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܨ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sˤ/</span> </td> <td>ṣ </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">צ ץ</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg/15px-Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg/23px-Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_sady_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_sady.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Maaloula_square_sady.svg/16px-Maaloula_square_sady.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Maaloula_square_sady.svg/24px-Maaloula_square_sady.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Maaloula_square_sady.svg/32px-Maaloula_square_sady.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="998" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18_sad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/18_sad.svg/47px-18_sad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/18_sad.svg/71px-18_sad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/18_sad.svg/94px-18_sad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="101" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">𐭑</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ص ض</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">𐩮</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">ጸ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticTsade-01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticTsade-01"><img alt="Proto-semiticTsade-01" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proto-semiticTsade-01.png/7px-Proto-semiticTsade-01.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proto-semiticTsade-01.png/11px-Proto-semiticTsade-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Proto-semiticTsade-01.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="38" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticTsade-02.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-semiticTsade-02"><img alt="Proto-semiticTsade-02" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Proto-semiticTsade-02.png/15px-Proto-semiticTsade-02.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Proto-semiticTsade-02.png 1.5x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="28" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤑</span>‎ </td> <td>(<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϻ">Ϻ</a>ϻ</span></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">Ц</a>ц, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">Ч</a>ч, <a href="/wiki/%D0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Џ">Џ</a>џ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Brahmi_s.svg/18px-Brahmi_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Brahmi_s.svg/27px-Brahmi_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Brahmi_s.svg/36px-Brahmi_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Indic)" title="Sa (Indic)">𑀲</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kharosthi_s.svg/18px-Kharosthi_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kharosthi_s.svg/27px-Kharosthi_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kharosthi_s.svg/36px-Kharosthi_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨯 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰽 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">Qoph</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qoph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Qoph.svg/18px-Qoph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Qoph.svg/27px-Qoph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Qoph.svg/36px-Qoph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡒</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_qop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܩ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/q/</span> </td> <td>q </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ק</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_qof.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Maaloula_square_qof.svg/18px-Maaloula_square_qof.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Maaloula_square_qof.svg/27px-Maaloula_square_qof.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Maaloula_square_qof.svg/36px-Maaloula_square_qof.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="1285" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19_qaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/19_qaf.svg/17px-19_qaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/19_qaf.svg/26px-19_qaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/19_qaf.svg/34px-19_qaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">𐭒</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">𐩤</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">ቀ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticQ-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Proto-semiticQ-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticQ-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Proto-semiticQ-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticQ-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Proto-semiticQ-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticQ-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤒</span>‎ </td> <td>(<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">Ϙ</a>ϙ), <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">Φ</a>φ</span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҁ">Ҁ</a>ҁ, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a>ф </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_kh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Brahmi_kh.svg/18px-Brahmi_kh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Brahmi_kh.svg/27px-Brahmi_kh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Brahmi_kh.svg/36px-Brahmi_kh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Indic)" title="Kha (Indic)">𑀔</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_kh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kharosthi_kh.svg/18px-Kharosthi_kh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kharosthi_kh.svg/27px-Kharosthi_kh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kharosthi_kh.svg/36px-Kharosthi_kh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨑 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰴 𐰸 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">Rēš</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Resh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Resh.svg/18px-Resh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Resh.svg/27px-Resh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Resh.svg/36px-Resh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡓</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_res.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܪ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> </td> <td>r </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ר</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_resh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maaloula_square_resh.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_resh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maaloula_square_resh.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_resh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maaloula_square_resh.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_resh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="995" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_ra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20_ra.svg/13px-20_ra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20_ra.svg/20px-20_ra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20_ra.svg/26px-20_ra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="79" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">𐭓</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ر</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">𐩧</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">ረ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticR-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Proto-semiticR-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticR-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Proto-semiticR-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticR-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Proto-semiticR-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticR-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤓</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ρ">Ρ</a>ρ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">Р</a>р </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_r.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brahmi_r.svg/18px-Brahmi_r.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brahmi_r.svg/27px-Brahmi_r.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brahmi_r.svg/36px-Brahmi_r.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ra_(Indic)" title="Ra (Indic)">𑀭</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_r.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kharosthi_r.svg/17px-Kharosthi_r.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kharosthi_r.svg/26px-Kharosthi_r.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kharosthi_r.svg/34px-Kharosthi_r.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨪 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐰺 𐰼 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Šin</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Shin.svg/18px-Shin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Shin.svg/27px-Shin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Shin.svg/36px-Shin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡔</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_sin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܫ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> </td> <td>š </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ש</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_shin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maaloula_square_shin.svg/21px-Maaloula_square_shin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maaloula_square_shin.svg/32px-Maaloula_square_shin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maaloula_square_shin.svg/42px-Maaloula_square_shin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="1219" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:21_shin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/21_shin.svg/17px-21_shin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/21_shin.svg/26px-21_shin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/21_shin.svg/34px-21_shin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="76" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">𐭔</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">س ش</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">𐩦</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aawt" title="Śawt">ሠ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticS-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤔</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Σ</a>σς </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a>с, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a>ш, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">Щ</a>щ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_sh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brahmi_sh.svg/18px-Brahmi_sh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brahmi_sh.svg/27px-Brahmi_sh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brahmi_sh.svg/36px-Brahmi_sh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Indic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha (Indic)">𑀰</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_ss.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kharosthi_ss.svg/15px-Kharosthi_ss.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kharosthi_ss.svg/23px-Kharosthi_ss.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kharosthi_ss.svg/30px-Kharosthi_ss.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨮 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐱂 𐱁 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">Taw</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Taw.svg/18px-Taw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Taw.svg/27px-Taw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Taw.svg/36px-Taw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="33" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 26px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385528"><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡕</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg/26px-Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg/39px-Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg/52px-Syriac_Estrangela_taw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 24px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ܬ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span> </td> <td>t </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ת</span>‎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maaloula_square_thaq.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Maaloula_square_thaq.svg/20px-Maaloula_square_thaq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Maaloula_square_thaq.svg/30px-Maaloula_square_thaq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Maaloula_square_thaq.svg/40px-Maaloula_square_thaq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="999" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:22_ta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/22_ta.svg/47px-22_ta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/22_ta.svg/71px-22_ta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/22_ta.svg/94px-22_ta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="96" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">𐭕</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 20px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ت ث</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">𐩩</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">ተ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticT-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Proto-semiticT-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticT-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Proto-semiticT-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticT-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Proto-semiticT-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticT-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226385857"><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤕</span>‎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ">Τ</a>τ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">Т</a>т </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmi_t.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brahmi_t.svg/18px-Brahmi_t.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brahmi_t.svg/27px-Brahmi_t.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brahmi_t.svg/36px-Brahmi_t.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Ta_(Indic)" title="Ta (Indic)">𑀢</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharosthi_t.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kharosthi_t.svg/17px-Kharosthi_t.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kharosthi_t.svg/26px-Kharosthi_t.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kharosthi_t.svg/34px-Kharosthi_t.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>𐨟 </td> <td style="font-size: 22px; font-family: serif;">𐱅 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic_(Unicode_block)" title="Imperial Aramaic (Unicode block)">Imperial Aramaic (Unicode block)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_(Unicode_block)" title="Syriac (Unicode block)">Syriac (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>The Imperial Aramaic alphabet was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in October 2009, with the release of version 5.2. </p><p>The Unicode block for Imperial Aramaic is U+10840–U+1085F: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic_(Unicode_block)" title="Imperial Aramaic (Unicode block)">Imperial Aramaic</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U10840_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U10840_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U10840_grey"><a href="#endnote_U10840_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10840.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1084x </td> <td title="U+10840: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ALEPH">𐡀 </td> <td title="U+10841: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER BETH">𐡁 </td> <td title="U+10842: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER GIMEL">𐡂 </td> <td title="U+10843: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER DALETH">𐡃 </td> <td title="U+10844: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER HE">𐡄 </td> <td title="U+10845: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER WAW">𐡅 </td> <td title="U+10846: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN">𐡆 </td> <td title="U+10847: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER HETH">𐡇 </td> <td title="U+10848: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TETH">𐡈 </td> <td title="U+10849: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER YODH">𐡉 </td> <td title="U+1084A: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER KAPH">𐡊 </td> <td title="U+1084B: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER LAMEDH">𐡋 </td> <td title="U+1084C: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER MEM">𐡌 </td> <td title="U+1084D: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER NUN">𐡍 </td> <td title="U+1084E: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SAMEKH">𐡎 </td> <td title="U+1084F: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER AYIN">𐡏 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1085x </td> <td title="U+10850: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER PE">𐡐 </td> <td title="U+10851: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SADHE">𐡑 </td> <td title="U+10852: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER QOPH">𐡒 </td> <td title="U+10853: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER RESH">𐡓 </td> <td title="U+10854: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SHIN">𐡔 </td> <td title="U+10855: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TAW">𐡕 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+10857: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC SECTION SIGN">𐡗 </td> <td title="U+10858: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE">𐡘 </td> <td title="U+10859: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TWO">𐡙 </td> <td title="U+1085A: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER THREE">𐡚 </td> <td title="U+1085B: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN">𐡛 </td> <td title="U+1085C: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TWENTY">𐡜 </td> <td title="U+1085D: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE HUNDRED">𐡝 </td> <td title="U+1085E: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE THOUSAND">𐡞 </td> <td title="U+1085F: IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN THOUSAND">𐡟 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U10840_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U10840_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U10840_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U10840_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey area indicates non-assigned code point</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Syriac Aramaic alphabet was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in September 1999, with the release of version 3.0. </p><p>The Syriac Abbreviation (a type of <a href="/wiki/Overline" title="Overline">overline</a>) can be represented with a special control character called the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Abbreviation_Mark" title="Syriac Abbreviation Mark">Syriac Abbreviation Mark</a> (U+070F). The Unicode block for Syriac Aramaic is U+0700–U+074F: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Syriac_(Unicode_block)" title="Syriac (Unicode block)">Syriac</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U0700_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U0700_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U0700_grey"><a href="#endnote_U0700_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0700.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+070x </td> <td title="U+0700: SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH">܀ </td> <td title="U+0701: SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP">܁ </td> <td title="U+0702: SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP">܂ </td> <td title="U+0703: SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON">܃ </td> <td title="U+0704: SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON">܄ </td> <td title="U+0705: SYRIAC HORIZONTAL COLON">܅ </td> <td title="U+0706: SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT">܆ </td> <td title="U+0707: SYRIAC COLON SKEWED RIGHT">܇ </td> <td title="U+0708: SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT">܈ </td> <td title="U+0709: SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED RIGHT (alias SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT)">܉ </td> <td title="U+070A: SYRIAC CONTRACTION">܊ </td> <td title="U+070B: SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS">܋ </td> <td title="U+070C: SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS">܌ </td> <td title="U+070D: SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS">܍ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+070F: SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;"><span style="font-size:75%;">SAM</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+071x </td> <td title="U+0710: SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH">ܐ </td> <td title="U+0711: SYRIAC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALAPH">ܑ </td> <td title="U+0712: SYRIAC LETTER BETH">ܒ </td> <td title="U+0713: SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL">ܓ </td> <td title="U+0714: SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL GARSHUNI">ܔ </td> <td title="U+0715: SYRIAC LETTER DALATH">ܕ </td> <td title="U+0716: SYRIAC LETTER DOTLESS DALATH RISH">ܖ </td> <td title="U+0717: SYRIAC LETTER HE">ܗ </td> <td title="U+0718: SYRIAC LETTER WAW">ܘ </td> <td title="U+0719: SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN">ܙ </td> <td title="U+071A: SYRIAC LETTER HETH">ܚ </td> <td title="U+071B: SYRIAC LETTER TETH">ܛ </td> <td title="U+071C: SYRIAC LETTER TETH GARSHUNI">ܜ </td> <td title="U+071D: SYRIAC LETTER YUDH">ܝ </td> <td title="U+071E: SYRIAC LETTER YUDH HE">ܞ </td> <td title="U+071F: SYRIAC LETTER KAPH">ܟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+072x </td> <td title="U+0720: SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH">ܠ </td> <td title="U+0721: SYRIAC LETTER MIM">ܡ </td> <td title="U+0722: SYRIAC LETTER NUN">ܢ </td> <td title="U+0723: SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH">ܣ </td> <td title="U+0724: SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH">ܤ </td> <td title="U+0725: SYRIAC LETTER E">ܥ </td> <td title="U+0726: SYRIAC LETTER PE">ܦ </td> <td title="U+0727: SYRIAC LETTER REVERSED PE">ܧ </td> <td title="U+0728: SYRIAC LETTER SADHE">ܨ </td> <td title="U+0729: SYRIAC LETTER QAPH">ܩ </td> <td title="U+072A: SYRIAC LETTER RISH">ܪ </td> <td title="U+072B: SYRIAC LETTER SHIN">ܫ </td> <td title="U+072C: SYRIAC LETTER TAW">ܬ </td> <td title="U+072D: SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN BHETH">ܭ </td> <td title="U+072E: SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN GHAMAL">ܮ </td> <td title="U+072F: SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN DHALATH">ܯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+073x </td> <td title="U+0730: SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE">ܰ </td> <td title="U+0731: SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW">ܱ </td> <td title="U+0732: SYRIAC PTHAHA DOTTED">ܲ </td> <td title="U+0733: SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE">ܳ </td> <td title="U+0734: SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW">ܴ </td> <td title="U+0735: SYRIAC ZQAPHA DOTTED">ܵ </td> <td title="U+0736: SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE">ܶ </td> <td title="U+0737: SYRIAC RBASA BELOW">ܷ </td> <td title="U+0738: SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL">ܸ </td> <td title="U+0739: SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR">ܹ </td> <td title="U+073A: SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE">ܺ </td> <td title="U+073B: SYRIAC HBASA BELOW">ܻ </td> <td title="U+073C: SYRIAC HBASA-ESASA DOTTED">ܼ </td> <td title="U+073D: SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE">ܽ </td> <td title="U+073E: SYRIAC ESASA BELOW">ܾ </td> <td title="U+073F: SYRIAC RWAHA">ܿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+074x </td> <td title="U+0740: SYRIAC FEMININE DOT">݀ </td> <td title="U+0741: SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA">݁ </td> <td title="U+0742: SYRIAC RUKKAKHA">݂ </td> <td title="U+0743: SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS ABOVE">݃ </td> <td title="U+0744: SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS BELOW">݄ </td> <td title="U+0745: SYRIAC THREE DOTS ABOVE">݅ </td> <td title="U+0746: SYRIAC THREE DOTS BELOW">݆ </td> <td title="U+0747: SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE">݇ </td> <td title="U+0748: SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW">݈ </td> <td title="U+0749: SYRIAC MUSIC">݉ </td> <td title="U+074A: SYRIAC BARREKH">݊ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+074D: SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN ZHAIN">ݍ </td> <td title="U+074E: SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN KHAPH">ݎ </td> <td title="U+074F: SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN FE">ݏ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0700_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U0700_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0700_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U0700_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic alphabet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WWS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWS_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 250–261.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aramaic&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=250-261&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Shaked&rft.aufirst=Saul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span> p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenfield1985" class="citation book cs1">Greenfield, J.C. (1985). "Aramaic in the Achaemenid Empire". In Gershevitch, I. (ed.). <i>The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 2</i>. 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Boston: Adamant. pp. 249ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grundriss+der+iranischen+Philologie%3A+Band+I.+Abteilung+1&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=249ff&rft.pub=Adamant&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavehShaked2006" class="citation book cs1">Naveh, Joseph; Shaked, Shaul (2006). <i>Ancient Aramaic Documents from Bactria</i>. Studies in the Khalili Collection. Oxford: Khalili Collections. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874780-74-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-874780-74-8"><bdi>978-1-874780-74-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Aramaic+Documents+from+Bactria&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Studies+in+the+Khalili+Collection&rft.pub=Khalili+Collections&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-874780-74-8&rft.aulast=Naveh&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Shaked%2C+Shaul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThamis" class="citation web cs1">Thamis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/17/the-phoenician-alphabet--language/">"The Phoenician Alphabet & Language"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=The+Phoenician+Alphabet+%26+Language&rft.au=Thamis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Farticle%2F17%2Fthe-phoenician-alphabet--language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Khaldun1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (1958). F. Rosenthal (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Muqaddimah" class="mw-redirect" title="The Muqaddimah">The Muqaddimah</a> (K. Ta'rikh – "History")</i>. Vol. 3. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/643885643">643885643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muqaddimah+%28K.+Ta%27rikh+%E2%80%93+%22History%22%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul+Ltd.&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F643885643&rft.au=Ibn+Khaldun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kara1996-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kara1996_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara1996_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKara1996" class="citation book cs1">Kara, György (1996). "Aramaic Scripts for Altaic Languages". In Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Writing_Systems" title="The World's Writing Systems"><i>The World's Writing Systems</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/535">535–558</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507993-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507993-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aramaic+Scripts+for+Altaic+Languages&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pages=535-558&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507993-7&rft.aulast=Kara&rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Babylonian beginnings: The origin of the cuneiform writing system in comparative perspective</i>, Jerold S. Cooper, <i>The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process</i>, ed. Stephen D. Houston, (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tristan James Mabry, <i>Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism</i>, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015), 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Turks</i>, A. Samoylovitch, <b>First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936</b>, Vol. VI, (Brill, 1993), 911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George L. Campbell and Christopher Moseley, <i>The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets</i>, (Routledge, 2012), 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi">"Brāhmī | writing system"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB+%7C+writing+system&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBrahmi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanby1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Danby" title="Herbert Danby">Danby, H.</a>, ed. (1964). "Tractate Megillah 1:8". <i>Mishnah</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 202 (note 20). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/977686730">977686730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tractate+Megillah+1%3A8&rft.btitle=Mishnah&rft.place=London&rft.pages=202+%28note+20%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F977686730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n231/mode/1up"><i>The Mishnah</i>, p. 202 (note 20)</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SteinerRC1993-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SteinerRC1993_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SteinerRC1993_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiner1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Steiner" title="Richard C. Steiner">Steiner, R.C.</a> (1993). "Why the Aramaic Script Was Called "Assyrian" in Hebrew, Greek, and Demotic". <i>Orientalia</i>. <b>62</b> (2): 80–82. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43076090">43076090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orientalia&rft.atitle=Why+the+Aramaic+Script+Was+Called+%22Assyrian%22+in+Hebrew%2C+Greek%2C+and+Demotic&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=80-82&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43076090%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1915" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, Stanley A. (1915). "The Significance of the Elephantine Papyri for the History of Hebrew Religion". <i>The American Journal of Theology</i>. <b>19</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Chicago_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Chicago Press">The University of Chicago Press</a>: 348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F479556">10.1086/479556</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3155577">3155577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=The+Significance+of+the+Elephantine+Papyri+for+the+History+of+Hebrew+Religion&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=348&rft.date=1915&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F479556&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3155577%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Stanley+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oriens_Christianus-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oriens_Christianus_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Oriens Christianus</i> (in German). 2003. p. 77. <q>As the villages are very small, located close to each other, and the three dialects are mutually intelligible, there has never been the creation of a script or a standard language. Aramaic is the unwritten village dialect...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oriens+Christianus&rft.pages=77&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaissun_Melhem" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maissun Melhem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/de/schriftenstreit-in-syrien/a-5166405">"Schriftenstreit in Syrien"</a> (in German). Deutsche Welle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>Before the Islamic conquest, Aramaic was spoken throughout Syria and was a global language. There were many variants, but Aramaic did not exist as a written language everywhere, including the Ma'alula region, notes Professor Jastrow. The decision to use the Hebrew script, in his opinion, was made arbitrarily."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schriftenstreit+in+Syrien&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.au=Maissun+Melhem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fde%2Fschriftenstreit-in-syrien%2Fa-5166405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-institute-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-institute_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeach2010" class="citation news cs1">Beach, Alastair (2 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0402/Easter-Sunday-A-Syrian-bid-to-resurrect-Aramaic-the-language-of-Jesus-Christ">"Easter Sunday: A Syrian bid to resurrect Aramaic, the language of Jesus Christ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Easter+Sunday%3A+A+Syrian+bid+to+resurrect+Aramaic%2C+the+language+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.aulast=Beach&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FMiddle-East%2F2010%2F0402%2FEaster-Sunday-A-Syrian-bid-to-resurrect-Aramaic-the-language-of-Jesus-Christ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera_Documentary_الجزيرة_الوثائقية2016" class="citation web cs1">Al Jazeera Documentary الجزيرة الوثائقية (11 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rbrZ1W2nAs">"أرض تحكي لغة المسيح"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/0rbrZ1W2nAs">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2018</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%8A+%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft.au=Al+Jazeera+Documentary+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D0rbrZ1W2nAs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAramaic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Byrne, Ryan. "Middle Aramaic Scripts". <i>Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics</i>. Elsevier. (2006)</li> <li>Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>. Oxford. (1996)</li> <li>Coulmas, Florian. <i>The Writing Systems of the World</i>. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)</li> <li>Rudder, Joshua. <i>Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts</i>. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461021421" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461021421">978-1461021421</a>. Includes a wide variety of Aramaic scripts.</li> <li>Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic on Coins, reading and transliterating Proto-Hebrew, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511124600/http://judaea.chimehost.net/main/text.pdf">online edition</a> (Judaea Coin Archive).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aramaic_alphabet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakkal.com/Arab_Calligraphy_Art3.html">Comparison of Aramaic to related alphabets</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/aramaic.htm">Omniglot entry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Northwest_Semitic_abjad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northwest_Semitic_abjad" title="Template:Northwest Semitic abjad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northwest_Semitic_abjad" title="Template talk:Northwest Semitic abjad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northwest_Semitic_abjad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northwest Semitic abjad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Northwest_Semitic_abjad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Northwest Semitic abjad</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 125%;"> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">ʾ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">b</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">g</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">d</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">h</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">w</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">z</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">ḥ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">ṭ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">y</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">k</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">l</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">m</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">n</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">s</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">ʿ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">p</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">ṣ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">q</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">r</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">š</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">t</a></i></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>20</td> <td>30</td> <td>40</td> <td>50</td> <td>60</td> <td>70</td> <td>80</td> <td>90</td> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> <td>400 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet#Semitic_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Inscriptions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&oldid=1248737932">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aramaic_alphabet&oldid=1248737932</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aramaic_alphabet" title="Category:Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a></li><li><a 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