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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Bregneplanter" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Bregneplanter" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bregneplanter_-_fylogenetisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bregneplanter_-_fylogenetisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bregneplanter - fylogenetisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bregneplanter_-_fylogenetisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bregneplanter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 41 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregnar" title="Bregnar – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bregnar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregne" title="Bregne – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bregne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سرخسانية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرخسانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1j%C4%B1lar" title="Qıjılar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qıjılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Абаға һымаҡтар – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Абаға һымаҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Папараці – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Папараці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Папратовидни – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Папратовидни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Чăн упасарри – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чăн упасарри" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapradiny" title="Kapradiny – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapradiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1iskkit" title="Gáiskkit – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gáiskkit" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echte_Farne" title="Echte Farne – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Echte Farne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keerdlehikud" title="Keerdlehikud – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keerdlehikud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veraj_filikoj" title="Veraj filikoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Veraj filikoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرخس باریک‌هاگدان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرخس باریک‌هاگدان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicopsida" title="Filicopsida – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Filicopsida" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%82%AC%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%95" title="고사리강 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고사리강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papratnice" title="Papratnice – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Papratnice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שרכאים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרכאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ertvainiai" title="Šertvainiai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šertvainiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%B3di_p%C3%A1fr%C3%A1nyok" title="Valódi páfrányok – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valódi páfrányok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="سراخس رقيقة المباغ – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سراخس رقيقة المباغ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%91%89%E3%82%B7%E3%83%80%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="大葉シダ植物 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大葉シダ植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprocie_cienkozarodniowe" title="Paprocie cienkozarodniowe – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paprocie cienkozarodniowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Папоротниковые – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папоротниковые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Папоротевидні – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папоротевидні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_x%E1%BB%89" title="Lớp Dương xỉ – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lớp Dương xỉ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%BE%8D%E9%AA%A8%E7%B6%B1" title="水龍骨綱 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水龍骨綱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q373615#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bregneplanter" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Bregneplanter" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bregneplanter"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24217415">.mw-parser-output .infoboks .taxobox-map-caption{width:220px;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;font-size:100%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid 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th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Bregneplanter </th></tr> <tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg/250px-Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg/375px-Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg/500px-Dryopteris_filix_mas_nf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="793" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ormetelg" title="Ormetelg">Ormetelg</a> (Polypodiidae)</div> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">Nomenklatur</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><i>Monilophytes</i> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Populærnavn</td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="">Bregneplanter</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_klassifikasjon" title="Biologisk klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rike</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Planteriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Planteriket">Planteriket</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Divisjon</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karplanter" title="Karplanter">Karplanter</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Gruppe</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karsporeplanter" title="Karsporeplanter">Karsporeplanter</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi">Økologi</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Art#Artstall" title="Art">Antall arter</a>: </th><td colspan="2">ca. 15 000 </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a>: </th><td colspan="2">terrestrisk eller halvakvatisk </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utbredelse: </th><td colspan="2">alle verdensdeler unntatt Antarktis </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Inndelt i</td></tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marattiopsida" title="Marattiopsida">Marattiopsida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psilotaceae" title="Psilotaceae">Psilotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophioglossales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophioglossales">Ophioglossales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyatheales" title="Cyatheales">Cyatheales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleicheniales" title="Gleicheniales">Gleicheniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenophyllales">Hymenophyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongsbregnefamilien" title="Kongsbregnefamilien">kongsbregnefamilien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypodiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypodiidae">Polypodiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salviniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Salviniales">Salviniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizaeales" title="Schizaeales">Schizaeales</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Botrychium_multifidum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Botrychium_multifidum.jpg/260px-Botrychium_multifidum.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Botrychium_multifidum.jpg/390px-Botrychium_multifidum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Botrychium_multifidum.jpg/520px-Botrychium_multifidum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8stmarin%C3%B8kkel" title="Høstmarinøkkel">Høstmarinøkkel</a> tilhører ormetungefamilien (Ophioglossaceae), og det er antatt at disse tilhører bregneplantene eller kanskje også er en søstergruppe av karsporeplantene.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Psilotum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Psilotum.jpg/260px-Psilotum.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Psilotum.jpg/390px-Psilotum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Psilotum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Psilotum nudum er en primitiv form for bregneplante, som ikke hører til selve de egentlige bregnene, men som sammen med ormetunger trolig er en egen søstergruppe av karsporeplantene.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png/480px-Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png/720px-Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png/960px-Phylogeny_Ferns_NOR_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Fylogenetisk tre som viser slektskap og <a href="/wiki/Klade_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Klade (biologi)">klader</a> av bregneplanter. Egentlige bregner over den stiplede linjen. Latinske navn på klader til venstre, navn på <a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="Familie (biologi)">familier</a> i midten, deretter navn på <a href="/wiki/Orden_(biologi)" title="Orden (biologi)">orden</a> og <a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologi)" title="Klasse (biologi)">klasse</a> helt til høyre. Navnene bygger på den seneste konsensus iht Pryer et al 2004, og Smith et al 2006, side 708.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bregneplanter</b> (latin: Monilophyta)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tilhører <a href="/wiki/Karsporeplanter" title="Karsporeplanter">karsporeplantene</a> og er betegnelsen på en "underdivisjon" under <a href="/wiki/Karplanter" title="Karplanter">karplantene</a> ’’(Tracheophyta)’’. Gruppen består av følgende klasser og selvstendige ordener: </p> <ul><li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Marattiopsida" title="Marattiopsida">Marattiopsida</a></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Psilotopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilotopsida">Psilotopsida</a> <ul><li>Orden <a href="/wiki/Psilotales" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilotales">Psilotales</a></li> <li>Orden <a href="/wiki/Ormetunger" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormetunger">Ormetunger</a> (Ophioglossales)</li></ul></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Snelleplanter" title="Snelleplanter">Snelleplanter</a> (Equisetopsida)</li> <li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Bregner" title="Bregner">Bregner</a> eller Egentlige bregner (Polypodiopsida)</li></ul> <p>Disse karplantene har en noe usikker plassering under karplantene, men man plasserer dem ofte sammen som «bregneplanter». De har store, ofte trekantede <a href="/wiki/Blad" title="Blad">blader</a>. Mange av bregnene har innrullede blader frem til de vokser fullt ut. De formerer seg ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Spore_(formering)" title="Spore (formering)">sporer</a> som vanligvis blir til på undersiden av bladene. </p><p>I eldre <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_systematikk" title="Biologisk systematikk">systematikk</a> utgjorde bregneplantene en <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(biologi)" title="Gruppe (biologi)">gruppe</a> med det <a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">vitenskapelige navnet</a> «Filicatopsida» (eller «Filicatae»). Det har imidlertid vist seg at tre bregnegrupper, <a href="/wiki/Psilotales" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilotales">Psilotales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormetungebregner" title="Ormetungebregner">ormetungebregner</a> og <a href="/wiki/Marattiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Marattiales">Marattiales</a>, ikke er i nær <a href="/wiki/Slektskap_(evolusjon)" title="Slektskap (evolusjon)">slekt</a> med resten av bregnene. Ormetungebregner <i>(Ophioglossales)</i> virker nærest beslektet med <i>Psilotales</i>, mens <i>Marattiales</i> virker nærest beslektet med <a href="/wiki/Sneller" title="Sneller">sneller</a> <i>(Equisetales)</i>. </p><p>Bregneplanter i denne forstand er altså en <a href="/wiki/Parafyletisk_gruppe" title="Parafyletisk gruppe">parafyletisk gruppe</a>, men om en også inkluderer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Snelleplantene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snelleplantene (ikke skrevet ennå)">snelleplantene</a> (<b>Equisetopsida</b>) blir gruppen fullstendig. Resten av de egentlige bregnene, dvs. med unntak av Marattiaceae og ormetungebregner, er derimot en <a href="/wiki/Monofyletisk_gruppe" title="Monofyletisk gruppe">monofyletisk gruppe</a> ofte kalt <b><a href="/wiki/Bregner" title="Bregner">bregner</a></b> <i>(Polypodiopsida)</i>, eller <i>egentlige bregner (Leptosporangiatae)</i>, og utgjør dessuten hovedvekten av alle bregneplanter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bregneplanter_-_fylogenetisk">Bregneplanter - fylogenetisk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bregneplanter - fylogenetisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bregneplanter - fylogenetisk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>For en oversikt over bregnenes <a href="/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi">taksonomi</a>, se: <a href="/wiki/Bregner" title="Bregner">Bregner</a></i> </p><p>Moderne studier (Smith et Al, 2006) anerkjenner 4 klasser (Psilotopsida; Equisetopsida; Marattiopsida; Polypodiopsida), 11 ordener, og 37 familier av bregneplanter. </p><p><b>Bregneplantene</b> er (med unntak av ormetungegruppen) kjennetegnet ved <a href="/wiki/Spore_(formering)" title="Spore (formering)">sporehus</a> hvis vegg bare er ett cellelag tykk. Bregner vokser i alle klimasoner, men er representert med flest <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tropene" title="Tropene">tropene</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a> forekommer det viltvoksende 42 arter egentlige bregner, 7 arter i ormetungefamilien og 8 arter sneller. </p><p>Inndelingen er delvis klarlagt ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Fylogenetikk" title="Fylogenetikk">fylogenetiske analyser</a> og er, gjengitt i <a href="/wiki/Stamtre_(evolusjon)#Hierarkisk_skrivemåte" title="Stamtre (evolusjon)">hierarkisk skrivemåte</a>, følgende: </p><p><i>Bregneplanter: (Monilophytes)</i> </p> <ul><li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Psilotopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilotopsida">Psilotopsida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ormetunger" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormetunger">Ormetunger</a> (Ophioglossales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psilotales" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilotales">Psilotales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Snelleplanter" title="Snelleplanter">Snelleplanter</a> (Equisetopsida)</li> <li>Klasse <a href="/wiki/Marattiopsida" title="Marattiopsida">Marattiopsida</a></li> <li>Klasse Egentlige <a href="/wiki/Bregner" title="Bregner">bregner</a>: (Polypodiopsida) <ul><li>Orden: <b><a href="/wiki/Osmundales" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmundales">Osmundales</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongsbregnefamilien" title="Kongsbregnefamilien">Kongsbregnefamilien</a> (Osmundaceae)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>[Gruppe uten navn] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymenophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenophyllales">Hymenophyllales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinnebregnefamilien" title="Hinnebregnefamilien">Hinnebregnefamilien</a> (Hymenophyllaceae)</li></ul></li> <li>[Gruppe uten navn] <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gleicheniales" title="Gleicheniales">Gleicheniales</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dipteridaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipteridaceae">Dipteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleicheniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gleicheniaceae">Gleicheniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matoniaceae" title="Matoniaceae">Matoniaceae</a></li></ul></li> <li>[Gruppe uten navn] <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Schizaeales" title="Schizaeales">Schizaeales</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anemiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anemiaceae">Anemiaceae</a>, (Anemia)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klatrebregner" class="mw-redirect" title="Klatrebregner">Klatrebregner</a> <i>(Lygodiaceae, Lygodium)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schizaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizaeaceae">Schizaeaceae</a>, (Schizaea)</i></li></ul></li> <li>[Gruppe uten navn] <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Salviniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Salviniales">Salviniales</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andematbregner" class="mw-redirect" title="Andematbregner">Andematbregner</a> <i>(Azollaceae, Azolla)</i> (= syn. Salviniaceae?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salviniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Salviniaceae">Salviniaceae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassbregnefamilien" title="Vassbregnefamilien">Vassbregnefamilien</a> (Marsileaceae)</li></ul></li> <li>[Gruppe uten navn] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyatheales" title="Cyatheales">Cyatheales</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trebregner" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebregner">Trebregner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyatheaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyatheaceae">Cyatheaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicksoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicksoniaceae">Dicksoniaceae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metaxyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaxyaceae">Metaxyaceae</a>, (Metaxya)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lophosoria" title="Lophosoria">Lophosoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxomataceae">Loxomataceae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plagiogyriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plagiogyriaceae">Plagiogyriaceae</a>, (Plagiogyria)</i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polypodiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypodiidae">Polypodiidae</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polypodiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypodiales">Polypodiales</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrostichaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrostichaceae">Acrostichaceae</a> (= syn. Pteridaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinopteridaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinopteridaceae">Actinopteridaceae</a> (= syn. Pteridaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestesprengfamilien" title="Hestesprengfamilien">Hestesprengfamilien</a> <i>(Adiantaceae, Adiantum)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8nnkamfamilien" title="Bjønnkamfamilien">Bjønnkamfamilien</a> (Blechnaceae)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bommeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bommeria (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bommeria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheilanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheilanthaceae">Cheilanthaceae</a> (= syn. Pteridaceae)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coniogramme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coniogramme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Coniogramme</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cystopteridaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cystopteridaceae (ikke skrevet ennå)">Cystopteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davalliaceae" title="Davalliaceae">Davalliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drynariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drynariaceae">Drynariaceae</a> (= syn. Sisselrotfamilien)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstapefamilien" title="Einstapefamilien">Einstapefamilien</a> (Dennstaedtiaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammitidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammitidaceae">Grammitidaceae</a> (= syn. Sisselrotfamilien)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengevingfamilien" title="Hengevingfamilien">Hengevingfamilien</a> (Thelypteridaceae)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypodematium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypodematium (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hypodematium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypolepidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypolepidaceae">Hypolepidaceae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llaveae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llaveae (ikke skrevet ennå)">Llaveae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindsaeaceae">Lindsaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodnebregner" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodnebregner">Lodnebregner</a> <i>(Woodsiaceae, Woodsia)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomariopsidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomariopsidaceae">Lomariopsidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonchitaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonchitaceae (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lonchitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxogrammaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxogrammaceae">Loxogrammaceae</a> (= syn. Sisselrotfamilien)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monachosorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Monachosorum">Monachosorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nephrolepis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrolepis">Nephrolepis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notholaenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Notholaenaceae">Notholaenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleandraceae">Oleandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Onocleaceae">Onocleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkeriaceae">Parkeriaceae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pleurosoriopsidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleurosoriopsidaceae">Pleurosoriopsidaceae</a></i> (= syn. Sisselrotfamilien)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pteridaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridaceae">Pteridaceae</a> (= syn. Einstapefamilien)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisselrotfamilien" title="Sisselrotfamilien">Sisselrotfamilien</a> (Polypodiaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5burknefamilien" title="Småburknefamilien">Småburknefamilien</a> (Aspleniaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storburknefamilien" title="Storburknefamilien">Storburknefamilien</a> (Athyriaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stortelgfamilien" title="Stortelgfamilien">Stortelgfamilien</a> (Dryopteridaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taenitidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Taenitidaceae">Taenitidaceae</a> (= syn. Pteridaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellebardbregnefamilien" title="Hellebardbregnefamilien">Hellebardbregnefamilien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tectariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectariaceae">Tectariaceae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittariaceae">Vittariaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, et al.' "A classification for extant ferns", i <i>Taxon</i> 2006 55(3), side 705.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregneplanter&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=596330"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> – oversikt og omtale av artene i <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WORMS-databasen</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p850"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P850" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4495"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p830"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P830" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7228684"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">Global Biodiversity Information Facility</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p846"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P846" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="norsk">(no)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsdatabanken.no/Taxon/_/1387"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Artsdatabanken" title="Artsdatabanken">Artsdatabanken</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p8707"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P8707" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="svensk">(sv)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/4000137"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> hos Dyntaxa <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p1939"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P1939" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=196331"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> hos Fossilworks <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p842"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P842" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=846528"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p815"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P815" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=241806"><i>bregneplanter</i></a> hos NCBI <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p685"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P685" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polypodiopsida" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Polypodiopsida"><i>Kategori:Polypodiopsida</i></a> – bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Polypodiopsida"><i>Polypodiopsida</i></a> – detaljert informasjon på <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_slspecieswiki"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373615?uselang=nb#SLspecieswiki" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li>Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, et al.' "A classification for extant ferns", i <i>Taxon</i> 2006 55(3), side 705-731. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226232147/http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier749.pdf">online tilgjengelig versjon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427212432/http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/list.htm">Liste</a> over bregner.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030002020/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/">Plant Systematics.org</a> fra <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093506/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/vascplfam.html">Liste</a> over karplantene fra <i>Plant Systematics.org</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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