7 Dangerous Plants You Should Never Touch

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World War I, WWI. This image is one of three on the page. (See source file for the other two.)"> </a> <div class="link-container"><a class="" href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/list/7-of-the-worlds-deadliest-shipwrecks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">7 of the World’s Deadliest Shipwrecks</a> </div> <div class="item-separator d-md-none"></div></li> <li class="mb-10 mr-10 mr-md-0 d-inline-flex"><a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/list/6-classical-dances-of-india?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="d-block mr-10"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/89/162489-131-1E685B1B/Dancer-Indian-odissi-dance.jpg?w=68&h=68&s=crop" alt="Odissi Indian classical female dancer on white background. 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She has her M.S.... </div></a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div><span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link gtm-byline font-12 byline-contributor text-decoration-underline"> Melissa Petruzzello</span> </div> <div class="font-serif font-12 text-gray-700"><span class="qa-fact-checked-by">Fact-checked by</span> <div class="editor-popover popover p-0"><a class="d-block p-20 font-12" href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold"> The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica </div> <div class="editor-description font-12 font-serif mt-5 text-black"> Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. </div></a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div><span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link font-12 "> The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</span> </div> </div> </div> <article class="topic-content content"> <div class="topic-paragraph font-serif md-list-intro pt-15 pb-20">  <p class="topic-paragraph">Plants don’t enjoy losing their leaves to herbivores and have evolved a number of ingenious strategies to deter leaf predators. Unfortunately for humans, several of these chemical defenses can cause painful skin reactions. Read on to discover some plants that could burn, blister, or otherwise irritate you!</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div> <ul class="list-unstyled md-mendel-list"> <li><h2>Manchineel</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/15/10115-004-D0CBC1D5/Manchineel.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*6494"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/15/10115-004-D0CBC1D5/Manchineel.jpg?w=1000" alt="Manchineel (Hippomane mancinella)" data-width="405" data-height="300" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/15/10115-004-D0CBC1D5/Manchineel.jpg" data-href="*6494">manchineel</a><span>Manchineel (<em>Hippomane mancinella</em>).</span></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">W.H. Hodge</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/manchineel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Manchineel</a> (<em>Hippomane mancinella</em>) is an evergreen tree native to Florida, the Caribbean, and parts of Central and South America. Its leaves and fruits resemble those of an <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/apple-fruit-and-tree?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">apple</a>, and it is sometimes known innocuously as “beach apple.” However, its Spanish name, <em>manzanilla de la muerte</em> (”little apple of death”), better reflects its dangerous properties. The plant contains a number of toxins, and eating its fruits could possibly kill you and will most definitely blister your mouth and esophagus. The milky sap of the leaves and bark contains an irritating chemical called phorbol, which generates a strong allergic skin reaction. Raindrops falling through the tree can collect phorbol and burn a person standing underneath. Even touching the tree can cause the skin to blister. Native peoples have long used the sap to poison arrows, and it is thought that the explorer <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/biography/Juan-Ponce-de-Leon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Juan Ponce de León</a> possibly died from such a weapon during his second trip to Florida.</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-1"></span></li> <li><h2>Poison Ivy</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/16/9616-004-984A9951/Poison-ivy-irritant-phenol-urushiol-inflammation-skin.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*6968"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/16/9616-004-984A9951/Poison-ivy-irritant-phenol-urushiol-inflammation-skin.jpg?w=1000" alt="Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)" data-width="298" data-height="300" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/16/9616-004-984A9951/Poison-ivy-irritant-phenol-urushiol-inflammation-skin.jpg" data-href="*6968">Poison ivy (<em>Toxicodendron radicans</em>)</a></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Walter Chandoha</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph">If you live in eastern North America, you likely know to watch out for <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/poison-ivy-plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">poison ivy</a>’s infamous “leaves of three.” Poison ivy (<em>Toxicodendron radicans</em>) and its close relatives <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/poison-sumac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">poison sumac</a> (<em>T. vernix</em>) and <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/poison-oak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">poison oak</a> (<em>T. diversilobum</em>) all contain a chemical known as urushiol. When touched, nearly all parts of these plants can trigger a severe, itchy, and painful inflammation of the skin known as contact dermatitis. Even more frighteningly, urushiol can persist on clothing, shoes, tools, soil, or animals that have made contact with the plants, thus later poisoning an unsuspecting victim. If you’ve been hiking through underbrush areas with these plants, be careful to remove your clothing in such a way that the outside does not touch your skin and to wash your clothing immediately. The rash can last anywhere from less than one week to more than three weeks but does not usually require medical treatment.</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-2"></span></li> <li><h2>Stinging nettle</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/21/196021-050-45CAA3DB/Stinging-nettle.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*225576"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/21/196021-050-45CAA3DB/Stinging-nettle.jpg?w=1000" alt="Urtica dioica, often called common nettle or stinging nettle" data-width="1000" data-height="667" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/21/196021-050-45CAA3DB/Stinging-nettle.jpg" data-href="*225576">stinging nettle</a><span>Stinging nettle (<em>Urtica dioica</em>).</span></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">© nada54/Shutterstock.com</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph">Stinging nettle (<em>Urtica dioica</em>) is found throughout Eurasia, North America, and northern Africa, and has been introduced to parts of South America. The leaves and young stems of this <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/herbaceous-plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">herbaceous plant</a> are fitted with stinging hairs tipped with <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/science/formic-acid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">formic acid</a> and other irritants. If touched, these needle-like hairs inject the stinging acid into the skin, triggering a burning, tingling sensation and an itchy rash. Thankfully the symptoms usually do not persist longer than 24 hours. Interestingly, the cooked plant is safe to eat and is popular is some places as a vegetable.</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-3"></span></li> <li><h2>Hogweed</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/15/118615-050-9EF89393/Giant-hogweed-phytophotodermatitis-sap-skin-sun-blindness.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*114472"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/15/118615-050-9EF89393/Giant-hogweed-phytophotodermatitis-sap-skin-sun-blindness.jpg?w=1000" alt="Closeup of a white blooming Giant Hogweed or Heracleum mantegazzianum plant and its seed heads." data-width="1600" data-height="1068" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/15/118615-050-9EF89393/Giant-hogweed-phytophotodermatitis-sap-skin-sun-blindness.jpg" data-href="*114472">giant hogweed</a><span>Giant hogweed (<em>Heracleum mantegazzianum</em>). Contact with the sap can cause phytophotodermatitis, in which the skin severely blisters if exposed to the sun, and can result in blindness if the sap enters the eyes.</span></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">© Ruud Morijn/Dreamstime.com</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph">The two species of <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/hogweed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">hogweed</a>, the giant hogweed (<em>Heracleum mantegazzianum</em>) and the common hogweed (<em>H. sphondylium</em>), are native to Europe and have naturalized in parts of the U.S. The leaves and sap of these weedy wildflowers contain chemicals called furocoumarins and should be avoided. Contact can cause phytophotodermatitis, in which the skin erupts in severe blisters if exposed to sunlight. Blindness can occur if the sap enters the eyes. Given that hogweeds are also similar in appearance to the deadly poisonous <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/water-hemlock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">water hemlocks</a> (<em>Cicuta</em> species), it’s probably a good rule of thumb to mostly avoid tall carrot-looking plants with white flower clusters.</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-4"></span></li> <li><h2>Tread-softly</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/22/196022-050-4A8A43AF/hairs-plant-skin-irritation.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*225615"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/22/196022-050-4A8A43AF/hairs-plant-skin-irritation.jpg?w=1000" alt="Spurge nettle, tread softly, Cnidoscolus urens var. stimulosus at Lake Louisa State Park in Lake County, Florida, U.S.A." data-width="1200" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/22/196022-050-4A8A43AF/hairs-plant-skin-irritation.jpg" data-href="*225615">tread-softly</a><span>Tread-softly (<em>Cnidoscolus stimulosus</em>). The plant is covered with stinging hairs that can cause skin irritation if touched.</span></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">© Hans Hillewaert</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph">Tread-softly, also known as noseburn or finger-rot (<em>Cnidoscolus stimulosus</em>), is an attractive little herb native to the southeastern United States. The plant and its flowers and fruits are covered in fierce stinging hairs that break off in the skin, releasing various irritant compounds. Although contact causes intense stinging and itching, symptoms usually last less than an hour; some people may have skin discoloration for several days. Definitely not a plant to step on with bare feet!</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-5"></span></li> <li><h2>Gympie gympie</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/19/196019-050-4763A443/Gympie-gympie-species-tree-Australian.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*225621"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/196019-050-4763A443/Gympie-gympie-species-tree-Australian.jpg?w=1000" alt="Stinging Tree in the Misty Mountains, australia" data-width="1600" data-height="1066" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/19/196019-050-4763A443/Gympie-gympie-species-tree-Australian.jpg" data-href="*225621">gympie-gympie</a><span>Gympie-gympie (<em>Dendrocnide moroides</em>), a potentially lethal species of Australian stinging tree.</span></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">o2elot</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph">The <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/plant/Urticaceae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">nettle family</a> is full of stinging plants, but none is quite as aggressive as the gympie gympie (<em>Dendrocnide moroides</em>). One of six stinging trees native to Australia (because of course) and also found in Indonesia, the gympie gympie is one of the most dangerous plants in the world. The stinging leaves trigger an intense <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/science/allergy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">allergic reaction</a> in its victims, sometimes even causing <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/science/anaphylaxis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">anaphylactic shock</a>. The sting can cause excruciating, debilitating pain for months; people have variously described it as feeling like they are being burned by acid, electrocuted, or squashed by giant hands. Many people have reported flare-ups of the pain for many years afterward, and there are several accounts of horses, mad with pain, jumping off cliffs to their deaths after being stung. Foresters and scientists working around the tree must wear respirators and thick protective clothing and are armed with <a href="https://www-britannica-com.translate.goog/science/antihistamine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">antihistamine</a> pills, just in case.</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-6"></span></li> <li><h2>Pain bush</h2> <div> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"> <div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/20/196020-050-33F3D711/Pain-bush-poison-ivy-African-species-sap.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*225623"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/196020-050-33F3D711/Pain-bush-poison-ivy-African-species-sap.jpg?w=1000" alt="Compound leaves of African poison ivy in Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden, Pretoria" data-width="1504" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a> </div> <figcaption class=""> <div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "> <span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdn.britannica.com/20/196020-050-33F3D711/Pain-bush-poison-ivy-African-species-sap.jpg" data-href="*225623">pain bush</a><span>Pain bush, or African poison ivy (<em>Smodingium argutum</em>). The species is poisonous because of the sap it emits.</span></span> </div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">JMK</cite> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="topic-paragraph">Also known as African poison ivy, the pain bush (<em>Smodingium argutum</em>) is native to southern Africa and lives up to its name. The plant is a shrub or small tree and exudes a creamy sap that is laden with chemicals known as heptadecyl catechols. Contact with the sap, which turns black when dried, causes a livid swollen rash with blisters, though some lucky people are immune. The symptoms usually subside after a few days.</p><span class="MOD"></span> </div><span class="LIST-ITEM-7"></span></li> </ul><span class="AM-END-OF-ARTICLE am-inline"></span> </article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="cm-rightrail d-none d-md-block ad-rail"></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="grid gx-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="md-loading hidden display-4 font-weight-normal"></div> <div class="text-center my-20 mb-100"><button class="md-infinite-load-next btn btn-blue" data-value="next-page">Load More</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-da-320 hidden-xs"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script> <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"Story","templateName":"WTFACT","pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":11,"pageId":6317,"pageLength":null,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.130.14"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/story-page.js?v=3.130.14' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"B","adLeg":"B","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"Story","pageSubtype":"WTFACT","articleTemplateType":null,"gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> <script defer src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/vcd15cbe7772f49c399c6a5babf22c1241717689176015" integrity="sha512-ZpsOmlRQV6y907TI0dKBHq9Md29nnaEIPlkf84rnaERnq6zvWvPUqr2ft8M1aS28oN72PdrCzSjY4U6VaAw1EQ==" data-cf-beacon="{"rayId":"8ea5d439b99e9fc1","version":"2024.10.5","serverTiming":{"name":{"cfExtPri":true,"cfL4":true,"cfSpeedBrain":true,"cfCacheStatus":true}},"token":"5cc7d7124de641b181da990fc8c9a0b6","b":1}" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>

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7 Dangerous Plants You Should Never Touch | Britannica