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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shell_mound_eras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Shell mound eras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shell_mound_eras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanzan_era_and_Ryūkyū_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanzan_era_and_Ryūkyū_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sanzan era and Ryūkyū Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanzan_era_and_Ryūkyū_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satsuma_Domain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satsuma_Domain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Satsuma Domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satsuma_Domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pacific War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>American occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_narcotics_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_narcotics_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1970s narcotics trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_narcotics_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Military bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._military_in_Okinawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._military_in_Okinawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>U.S. military in Okinawa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._military_in_Okinawa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle U.S. military in Okinawa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._military_in_Okinawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moving_the_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moving_the_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Moving the bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moving_the_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Natural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monorail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monorail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Monorail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monorail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Ferries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions_and_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions_and_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Regions and cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regions_and_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regions and cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regions_and_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Okinawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Okinawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Northern Okinawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Okinawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Okinawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Okinawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Central Okinawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Okinawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Okinawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Okinawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Southern Okinawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Okinawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photo_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photo_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Photo gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photo_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Okinawa Island</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa-eilande" title="Okinawa-eilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Okinawa-eilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocinawa" title="Ocinawa – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ocinawa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="جزيرة أوكيناوا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة أوكيناوا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava" title="Okinava – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Okinava" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_T%C3%B3" title="Okinawa Tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Okinawa Tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Акінава – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акінава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Окинава (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Окинава (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_d%27Okinawa" title="Illa d'Okinawa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa d'Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Окинава – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Окинава" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_(pulo)" title="Okinawa (pulo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Okinawa (pulo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitsuwa_che_Okinawa" title="Chitsuwa che Okinawa – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitsuwa che Okinawa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynys_Okinawa" title="Ynys Okinawa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynys Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_(%C3%B8)" title="Okinawa (ø) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Okinawa (ø)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Hont%C5%8D" title="Okinawa Hontō – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Okinawa Hontō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1" title="Οκινάουα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οκινάουα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Okinawa" title="Isla de Okinawa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava_insulo" title="Okinava insulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okinava insulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_(uhartea)" title="Okinawa (uhartea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Okinawa (uhartea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="جزیره اوکیناوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره اوکیناوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Okinawa" title="Île Okinawa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Okinawa" title="Illa de Okinawa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa de Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%82%A4%EB%82%98%EC%99%80%EC%84%AC" title="오키나와섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오키나와섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Nui" title="Okinawa Nui – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Okinawa Nui" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Օկինավա կղզի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օկինավա կղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Okinawa" title="Pulau Okinawa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%C3%A6" title="Окинавæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Окинавæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_di_Okinawa" title="Isola di Okinawa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola di Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%99)" title="אוקינאווה (אי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקינאווה (אי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%93%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5" title="ಓಕಿನಾವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಓಕಿನಾವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ოკინავა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოკინავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Окинава (арал) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Окинава (арал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girava_Okinaway%C3%AA" title="Girava Okinawayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Girava Okinawayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Окинава – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Окинава" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava_(sala)" title="Okinava (sala) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Okinava (sala)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinavos_sala" title="Okinavos sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Okinavos sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava_(sziget)" title="Okinava (sziget) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Okinava (sziget)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Окинава – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Окинава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Okinawa" title="Pulau Okinawa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pulau Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_(eiland)" title="Okinawa (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Okinawa (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%B3%B6" title="沖縄本島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="沖縄本島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="កោះអូគីណាវ៉ា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោះអូគីណាវ៉ា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_(wyspa)" title="Okinawa (wyspa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okinawa (wyspa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_de_Okinawa" title="Ilha de Okinawa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha de Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Okinawa" title="Insula Okinawa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Окинава – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окинава" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava" title="Okinava – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Okinava" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD" title="ඔකිනාවා දූපත – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔකිනාවා දූපත" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava_(ostrov)" title="Okinava (ostrov) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Okinava (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinava" title="Okinava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Okinava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Окинава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Окинава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_ng_Okinawa" title="Pulo ng Okinawa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pulo ng Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="ஓக்கினாவா தீவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓக்கினாவா தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="เกาะโอกินาวะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะโอกินาวะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Adas%C4%B1" title="Okinawa Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Okinawa Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Окінава (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Окінава (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="جزیرہ اوکیناوا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزیرہ اوکیناوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_(%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o)" title="Okinawa (đảo) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Okinawa (đảo)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Okinawa_Island&params=26_28_46_N_127_55_40_E_scale:500000_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°28′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">127°55′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.47944°N 127.92778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.47944; 127.92778</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island within the Ryukyu Islands</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Okinawa Island</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Native name</a>: <div class="nickname" lang="ja"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">沖縄本島</span></span></span></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg/260px-Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg/390px-Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg/520px-Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="2550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Okinawa Island in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa_Jima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Okinawa_Jima.jpg/260px-Okinawa_Jima.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Okinawa_Jima.jpg/390px-Okinawa_Jima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Okinawa_Jima.jpg/520px-Okinawa_Jima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="730" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the island</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Okinawa Island is located in Ryukyu Islands"><img alt="Okinawa Island is located in Ryukyu Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png/260px-Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png/390px-Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png/520px-Location_map_Ryukyu_Islands.png 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="893" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.369%;left:50.67%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Okinawa Island"><img alt="Okinawa Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Okinawa Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ryukyu Islands</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Okinawa Island is located in Asia"><img alt="Okinawa Island is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/260px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/390px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/520px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.582%;left:76.946%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Okinawa Island"><img alt="Okinawa Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Okinawa Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Pacific Ocean</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Okinawa_Island&params=26_28_46_N_127_55_40_E_scale:500000_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°28′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">127°55′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.47944°N 127.92778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.47944; 127.92778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,199<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (463 sq mi)<br />as of 1 October 2018<sup id="cite_ref-GSI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">Area rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">299th</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">106.6 km (66.24 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">11.3 km (7.02 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">503 m (1650 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Yonaha" title="Mount Yonaha">Mount Yonaha</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">1,466,870<sup id="cite_ref-okinawa-population_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okinawa-population-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,014.93/km<sup>2</sup> (2628.66/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Okinawa Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">沖縄島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Okinawa-jima</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a>: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">沖縄/うちなー</span></span></span>, <i>Uchinaa</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kunigami_language" title="Kunigami language">Kunigami</a>: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ふちなー</span></span></span>, <i>Fuchináa</i>)</span>, officially <b>Okinawa Main Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">沖縄本島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Okinawa-hontō</i></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Islands" title="Okinawa Islands">Okinawa Islands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a> (<i>Nansei</i>) Islands of Japan in the <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> region. It is the smallest and least populated of the five <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">main islands of Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-main-islands-japan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-main-islands-japan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is approximately 106 kilometres (66 mi) long, an average 11 kilometres (7 mi) wide,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has an area of 1,206.98 square kilometers (466.02 sq mi). It is roughly 640 kilometres (350 nmi; 400 mi) south of the main island of Kyushu and the rest of Japan. It is 500 km (270 nmi; 310 mi) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. The total population of Okinawa Island is 1,384,762.<sup id="cite_ref-okinawa-population_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okinawa-population-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greater <a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a> area has roughly 800,000 residents, while the city itself has about 320,000 people. Naha is the seat of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a> on the southwestern part of Okinawa Island. Okinawa has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>. </p><p>Okinawa has been a critical strategic location for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a> and the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The island was formally controlled by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Administration_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands">United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands</a> until 1972, with around 26,000 U.S. military personnel stationed on Okinawa today, comprising about half of the total complement of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forces_Japan" title="United States Forces Japan">United States Forces Japan</a>, spread among 31 areas, across 13 bases and 48 training sites. United States military installations cover approximately 25% of the island. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuan people</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="History of the Ryukyu Islands">History of the Ryukyu Islands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shell_mound_eras">Shell mound eras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Shell mound eras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early Okinawan history is defined by <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">midden</a> or shell heap culture and is divided into Early, Middle, and Late Shell Mound periods. The Early Shell Mound period was a <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> society, with the wave-like opening <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon pottery</a>. In the latter part of this period, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological sites</a> moved near the seashore, suggesting the engagement of people in fishing. On Okinawa, rice was not cultivated until the Middle Shell Mound period. Shell rings for arms made of shells obtained in the <a href="/wiki/Sakishima_Islands" title="Sakishima Islands">Sakishima Islands</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Miyakojima" class="mw-redirect" title="Miyakojima">Miyakojima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaeyama_Islands" title="Yaeyama Islands">Yaeyama islands</a>, were imported by Japan. In these islands, the presence of shell axes from 2,500 years ago suggests the influence of a southeastern-Pacific culture.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG/220px-First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG/330px-First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG/440px-First_Ryukyan_mission_to_Edo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>The first of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_missions_to_Edo" title="Ryukyuan missions to Edo">Ryukyuan missions to Edo</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the Late Shell Mound period, agriculture started about the 12th century, and the population center moved from the seashore to higher places. This period is called the Gusuku period. <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">Gusuku</a></i></span> is a term used for the distinctive Ryukyuan form of castles or fortresses. Many <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">gusukus</i></span> and related cultural remains in the Ryukyu Islands have been listed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>. There are three perspectives regarding the nature of <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">gusukus</i></span>: that they were holy places, dwellings encircled by stones, and castles of the rulers. In this period, <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a> trade between Okinawa and other countries became commonplace, and Okinawa was an important relay point in eastern-Asian trade. Ryukyuan kings, such as <a href="/wiki/Shunten" title="Shunten">Shunten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eiso_(king)" title="Eiso (king)">Eiso</a>, were important rulers. An attempted Mongolian invasion in 1291 during the Eiso Dynasty failed. <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> was imported from Japan by <a href="/wiki/Jianzhen" title="Jianzhen">Ganjin</a> in 1265. <i><a href="/wiki/Noro_(priestess)" title="Noro (priestess)">Noro</a></i>, village priestesses of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan religion</a>, appeared. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanzan_era_and_Ryūkyū_Kingdom"><span id="Sanzan_era_and_Ry.C5.ABky.C5.AB_Kingdom"></span>Sanzan era and Ryūkyū Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sanzan era and Ryūkyū Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sanzan_period" title="Sanzan period">Sanzan period</a> began in 1314 when the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Hokuzan" title="Hokuzan">Hokuzan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanzan" title="Nanzan">Nanzan</a> declared independence from <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan" title="Chūzan">Chūzan</a>. The three kingdoms competed with one another for recognition and trade with <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Satto" title="Satto">Satto</a>, leading Chūzan, was very successful, establishing relations with Korea and Southeast Asia as well as China. The <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> sent 36 families from <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> in 1392 at the request of the Ryukyuan king. Their job was to manage maritime dealings in the kingdom. They assisted the Ryukyuans in developing their technology and diplomatic relations. In 1407, however, a man named Hashi overthrew Satto's descendant, King <a href="/wiki/Bunei" title="Bunei">Bunei</a>, and installed his father, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Shish%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Shō Shishō">Shishō</a>, as king of Chūzan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sho_Tai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sho_Tai.jpg/170px-Sho_Tai.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sho_Tai.jpg/255px-Sho_Tai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sho_Tai.jpg/340px-Sho_Tai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption>The last King <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Tai" title="Shō Tai">Shō Tai</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1429, King <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Hashi" title="Shō Hashi">Shō Hashi</a> completed the unification of the three kingdoms and founded the Ryūkyū Kingdom with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri Castle</a>. His descendants conquered the <a href="/wiki/Amami_Islands" title="Amami Islands">Amami Islands</a>. In 1469, King <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB" title="Shō Taikyū">Shō Taikyū</a> died, so the royal government chose a man named Kanemaru as the new king, who chose the name <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_En" title="Shō En">Shō En</a> and established the Second Shō Dynasty. His son <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Shin" title="Shō Shin">Shō Shin</a> conquered the Sakishima Islands and centralized the royal government, the military, and the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">noro</i></span> priestesses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satsuma_Domain">Satsuma Domain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Satsuma Domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1609, the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma Domain</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu" title="Invasion of Ryukyu">invasion of Ryukyu</a>, ultimately capturing the king and his capital after a long struggle. Ryukyu was forced to cede the Amami Islands and become a vassal of Satsuma. The kingdom became both a tributary of China and a tributary of Japan. Because China would not make a formal trade agreement unless a country was a tributary state, the kingdom was a convenient loophole for Japanese trade with China. When Japan officially closed off trade with European nations except for the Dutch, <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsushima,_Nagasaki" title="Tsushima, Nagasaki">Tsushima</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima" title="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a> became the only Japanese trading ports offering connections with the outside world. </p><p>At some time,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a> came into existence as a type of systematized <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several Europeans visited Ryukyu starting in the late 18th century. The most important visits to Okinawa were from Captain <a href="/wiki/Basil_Hall" title="Basil Hall">Basil Hall</a> in 1816 and Commodore <a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Perry" title="Matthew C. Perry">Matthew C. Perry</a> in 1852. A Christian missionary, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Jean_Bettelheim" title="Bernard Jean Bettelheim">Bernard Jean Bettelheim</a>, lived in the <a href="/wiki/Gokoku-ji_(Okinawa)" title="Gokoku-ji (Okinawa)">Gokoku-ji temple</a> in Naha from 1846 to 1854. </p><p>In 1879, Japan annexed the entire Ryukyu archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a> government then established <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a>. The monarchy in <a href="/wiki/Shuri,_Okinawa" title="Shuri, Okinawa">Shuri</a> was abolished, and the deposed King <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Tai" title="Shō Tai">Shō Tai</a> was forced to relocate to <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa,_27_June_1945_(6972498688).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Okinawa%2C_27_June_1945_%286972498688%29.jpg/170px-Okinawa%2C_27_June_1945_%286972498688%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Okinawa%2C_27_June_1945_%286972498688%29.jpg/255px-Okinawa%2C_27_June_1945_%286972498688%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Okinawa%2C_27_June_1945_%286972498688%29.jpg/340px-Okinawa%2C_27_June_1945_%286972498688%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2315" data-file-height="2873" /></a><figcaption>American troops in Okinawa, 27 June 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Hostility against Japan increased in the islands immediately after the annexation, in part because of the systematic attempt on the part of Japan to eliminate Ryukyuan culture, including the language, religion, and cultural practices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_War">Pacific War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pacific War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Okinawa Island had the bloodiest ground battle of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> from 1 April to 22 June 1945. During this 82-day-long battle, about 95,000 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> troops and 20,195 Americans were killed. The <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_of_Peace" title="Cornerstone of Peace">Cornerstone of Peace</a> at the Peace Memorial Park in <a href="/wiki/Itoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Itoman">Itoman</a> lists 149,193 persons from Okinawa – approximately one quarter of the civilian population – were either killed or committed suicide during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a> and the Pacific War.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Very few Japanese ended up in <a href="/wiki/POW_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="POW camps">POW camps</a>. This may have been because of Japanese soldiers' reluctance to surrender. The total number of casualties shocked American military strategists. This made them apprehensive to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall">invade the other main islands</a> of Japan, because it would result in very high casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_occupation">American occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japan became a <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifist</a> country with the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">1947 constitution</a>, so America was obligated to protect Japan against foreign threats. During the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">American military occupation of Japan</a> (1945–1952), which followed the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Imperial Japanese surrender</a> on 2 September 1945, in Tokyo Bay, the United States controlled Okinawa Island and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands. The Amami Islands were returned to Japanese control in 1953. The remaining Ryukyu Islands were returned to Japan on 17 June 1971. America kept numerous U.S. military bases on the islands. There are 32 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States military</a> bases on Okinawa Island<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/Japan-America_Security_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan-America Security Alliance">U.S.-Japan alliance</a> since 1951. U.S. bases on Okinawa played critical roles in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_campaign" title="Cambodian campaign">Cambodian campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Okinawa served as a prime staging post for the aforementioned wars.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its ports and airports were used to transport supplies. The base at Camp Chinen, Nanjo City was used by the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> for covert operations. In 1965, <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Ulysses_S._Grant_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Ulysses S. Grant Sharp">Admiral Ulysses S. Grant Sharp</a> stated that "Without Okinawa, we couldn't continue fighting the Vietnam war."<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intense use of the island by the U.S. military caused damage to the environment and residents.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were oil and fuel spills.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exposure to toxic substances caused illness of service members such as a nerve agent leak in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aircraft crashes, hit-and runs and murders killed residents.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The perpetrators were often unpunished, since they could not be prosecuted in Okinawa Courts.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1970s and 1980s also had severe pollution of waterways and wells with <a href="/wiki/PFAS" class="mw-redirect" title="PFAS">PFAS</a>: toxic chemicals in foam used by fire fighting training at U.S. facilities such as <a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena Air Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pfas1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfas1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_narcotics_trade">1970s narcotics trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1970s narcotics trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1970s, according to a U.S. government report, Okinawa was a key conduit for smuggling drugs such as heroin from Thailand via Okinawa to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was called "The Okinawa System" in the global drug trade.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A testimony by a head of the Department of Defense said that drug abuse was "quite extensive."<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began in the second half of 1968; <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> was smuggled from Thailand to Okinawa and grown near an unidentified <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> training area in northern Okinawa.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 100 kg (220 lb) package of marijuana fell from an aircraft, and another 90 kg (200 lb) was discovered at a military post office.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the mid-1970s onwards, <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> became more prevalent.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deserters worked as "passport civilians" and smuggled the drugs into Okinawa.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lack of customs inspections made smuggling easy.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were well organized Ryukyuan smuggling rings who brought heroin, LSD, and marijuana to Okinawa, and produced LSD on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-narc_16-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, following escalating tensions following <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands_dispute" title="Senkaku Islands dispute">competing claims</a> to the uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> began questioning Japan's sovereignty to the island of Okinawa, citing its past as the independent tributary state of Ryukyu.<sup id="cite_ref-McCurry_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCurry-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boehler_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boehler-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 October 2019, the main courtyard structures of <a href="/wiki/Shurijo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shurijo">Shurijo</a> were destroyed in a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-jp-times_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-times-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It marked the fifth time that Shurijo was destroyed following previous incidents in 1453, 1660, 1709 and 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-OKI20191102_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKI20191102-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 October 2019, a large fire burned down sections of <a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri Castle</a>: "Six castle buildings occupying some 4,200 square metres (45,000 sq ft) in total were gutted."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jp-times_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-times-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rebuilding efforts were underway as of 10 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg/220px-Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg/330px-Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg/440px-Kokusai-dori08s3s4440.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4440" data-file-height="2960" /></a><figcaption>Kokusai Street in <a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of September 2009, the Japanese government estimates the population at 1,384,762,<sup id="cite_ref-okinawa-population_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okinawa-population-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes American military personnel and their families. The <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan language</a>, called <i>Uchināguchi</i>, is spoken by adults only,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but several local groups promote the use of the Okinawan language by younger people.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whereas the northern half of Okinawa Island is sparsely populated, the south-central and southern parts of the island are markedly <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanized</a>—particularly the city of Naha and the urban corridor stretching north from there to <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_(city)" title="Okinawa (city)">Okinawa City</a>. The population distribution is approximately 120,000 in northern Okinawa, 590,000 in central Okinawa and 540,000 in southern Okinawa. It has a high population density of 1,014.93/km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-population-density_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-density-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji Period">Meiji Period</a>, Okinawan ethnic identity, tradition, culture and language were suppressed by the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji government">Meiji government</a>, which sought to assimilate the Okinawans as Japanese (<a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristy2004173–175_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristy2004173–175-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERabson20084_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERabson20084-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubinskyDavies201315–16_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubinskyDavies201315–16-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaprio201449–50,_63,_66–67_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaprio201449–50,_63,_66–67-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInoue20173_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInoue20173-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many ethnic Japanese have since migrated to Okinawa. The modern inhabitants of Okinawa are mainly ethnic <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawan people">Okinawan</a>, Japanese, <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81fu" title="Hāfu">half Japanese</a> and mixed. </p><p>Okinawans are known for their <a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">longevity</a>. This particular island is a so-called <a href="/wiki/Blue_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Zone">Blue Zone</a>, an area where the people live longer than most others elsewhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five times as many Okinawans reach 100 years old compared to the rest of Japan. As of 2002<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were 34.7 centenarians for every 100,000 inhabitants, which is the highest ratio worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Santrock_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santrock-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 131–132">: 131–132 </span></sup> Possible explanations are diet, low-stress lifestyle, caring community, activity, and spirituality of the inhabitants of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Santrock_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santrock-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_diet" title="Okinawa diet">Okinawan diet</a> consists of low-fat, low-salt foods, such as whole fruits and vegetables, legumes, tofu, and seaweed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png/200px-Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png/300px-Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png/400px-Topographic_map_of_Okinawa_Island.png 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Okinawa Island</figcaption></figure> <p>Okinawa is the fifth largest island of Japan. The island has an area of 1,206.99 square kilometers (466.02 sq mi). The coastline is 476 kilometers (296 mi) long.<sup id="cite_ref-toukei2014_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukei2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The straight-line distance is about 106.6 kilometers (66.2 mi) from north to south.<sup id="cite_ref-rekishi-okinawajima73chu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rekishi-okinawajima73chu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Okinawa is in the northeastern end of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a>. Since 1972 over 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) of land has been added via <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation</a>. </p><p>It is roughly 640 kilometres (400 mi) south of the main island of Kyushu. Okinawa is connected to nearby islands near a land bridge: <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Peninsula" title="Katsuren Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</a> is connected via the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Sea_Road" title="Mid-Sea Road">Mid-Sea Road</a> to Henza Island, Miyagi Island, Ikei Island, and Hamahiga Island. Similarly, from the <a href="/wiki/Motobu_Peninsula" title="Motobu Peninsula">Motobu Peninsula</a> on the northwestern side, all of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesoko-jima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesoko-jima (page does not exist)">Sesoko-jima</a> plus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yagaji_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yagaji Island (page does not exist)">Yagaji Island</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C5%8Dri-jima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kōri-jima (page does not exist)">Kōri-jima</a> are connected by bridges. Okinawa Island has several beaches such as Manza Beach, Emerald Beach, Okuma Beach, Zanpa Beach, Moon Beach and Sunset Beach (Chatan-cho). <a href="/wiki/Mount_Omoto" title="Mount Omoto">Mount Omoto</a>, at 525.5 m (1,724 ft), is the highest mountain in Okinawa, with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Yonaha" title="Mount Yonaha">Mount Yonaha</a> being the second highest.<sup id="cite_ref-nipponika_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nipponika-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Motobu_Peninsula" title="Motobu Peninsula">Motobu Peninsula</a> in the north has limestone layers and <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> development.<sup id="cite_ref-rekishi-intro24jo_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rekishi-intro24jo-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the center and south is mainly a Ryukyu limestone layer and mudstone.<sup id="cite_ref-rekishi-intro24jo_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rekishi-intro24jo-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The topography is flat, there are few hills over 100 m (328 ft) with very few rivers. The subtropical rains accelerate erosion so there are many drainages and <a href="/wiki/Uvala_(landform)" title="Uvala (landform)">uvala</a>. The southern end of the island consists of uplifted <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a>, whereas the northern half has proportionally more <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a>. The easily eroded <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> of the south has many caves, the most famous of which is Gyokusendō in <a href="/wiki/Nanj%C5%8D" title="Nanjō">Nanjō</a>. The northernmost <a href="/wiki/Cape_Hedo" title="Cape Hedo">Cape Hedo</a> is only 22 km (14 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Yoronjima" title="Yoronjima">Yoronjima</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Arasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Arasaki (page does not exist)">Cape Arasaki</a> is the southernmost location of Okinawa island. It is sometimes confused with Cape Kiyanmisaki. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cliffs at Manzamo"><img alt="Cliffs at Manzamo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg/120px-Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg/180px-Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg/240px-Onna_Okinawa_Japan_Cape-Manzamo-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5387" data-file-height="3591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cliffs at Manzamo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Subtropical forest of Yanbaru National Park"><img alt="Subtropical forest of Yanbaru National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg/120px-Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg/180px-Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg/240px-Subtropical_Forest_of_Yanbaru_National_Park_Okinawa_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5842" data-file-height="3441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Subtropical forest of Yanbaru National Park</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OkinawaOnna1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Village of Onna"><img alt="Village of Onna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/OkinawaOnna1.jpg/120px-OkinawaOnna1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/OkinawaOnna1.jpg/180px-OkinawaOnna1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/OkinawaOnna1.jpg/240px-OkinawaOnna1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Village of Onna</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OkinawaOnna2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pond in Okinawa"><img alt="A pond in Okinawa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/OkinawaOnna2.jpg/120px-OkinawaOnna2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/OkinawaOnna2.jpg/180px-OkinawaOnna2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/OkinawaOnna2.jpg/240px-OkinawaOnna2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pond in Okinawa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cape Busena, in Nago, Okinawa"><img alt="Cape Busena, in Nago, Okinawa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg/120px-Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg/180px-Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg/240px-Busena_Resort11n4272.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cape Busena, in Nago, Okinawa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chatan_Sunset_Beach_(west)_20150317-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunset Beach (Chatan-cho)"><img alt="Sunset Beach (Chatan-cho)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chatan_Sunset_Beach_%28west%29_20150317-2.JPG/120px-Chatan_Sunset_Beach_%28west%29_20150317-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chatan_Sunset_Beach_%28west%29_20150317-2.JPG/180px-Chatan_Sunset_Beach_%28west%29_20150317-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chatan_Sunset_Beach_%28west%29_20150317-2.JPG/240px-Chatan_Sunset_Beach_%28west%29_20150317-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3226" data-file-height="2420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunset Beach (Chatan-cho)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-okinawa-pref.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Okinawa Prefecture with the location of Okinawa Island"><img alt="Map of Okinawa Prefecture with the location of Okinawa Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Map-okinawa-pref.png/120px-Map-okinawa-pref.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Map-okinawa-pref.png/180px-Map-okinawa-pref.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Map-okinawa-pref.png/240px-Map-okinawa-pref.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Okinawa Prefecture with the location of Okinawa Island</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The northern half of Okinawa has one of the largest tracts of <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_rainforest" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical rainforest">subtropical rainforest</a> in Asia called the <a href="/wiki/Yanbaru" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanbaru">Yanbaru</a>. There are many <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species of flora and fauna.<sup id="cite_ref-Ufugi_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufugi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marines_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marines-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a small number of endemic <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_rail" title="Okinawa rail">Yanbaru kuina</a> (also known as the Okinawa rail), a small flightless bird that is close to extinction. The critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_woodpecker" title="Okinawa woodpecker">Okinawa woodpecker</a> is also endemic to the island. The <a href="/wiki/Small_Asian_mongoose" title="Small Asian mongoose">Indian mongoose</a> was introduced to the island to prevent the native <a href="/wiki/Protobothrops_flavoviridis" title="Protobothrops flavoviridis">habu pit viper</a> from attacking the birds. It did not succeed in eliminating the habu but instead preyed on birds, increasing the threat to the Okinawa rail. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Coconut_crab" title="Coconut crab">coconut crab</a> is the largest terrestrial hermit crab of Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-coconutcrab_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coconutcrab-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an endangered species due to over-hunting, which has made them scarce on Okinawa island.<sup id="cite_ref-coconutcrab_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coconutcrab-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, coconut crabs were found to live in a small cave system on the islet Nagashima off the Henoko district.<sup id="cite_ref-crab_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crab-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small population of endangered <a href="/wiki/Dugongs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugongs">dugongs</a> lives around Okinawa. The estimates are between 3 and 50 survivors.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Okinawa_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okinawa-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Okinawa rail"><img alt="The Okinawa rail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg/120px-Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg/180px-Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg/240px-Gallirallus_okinawae_by_OpenCage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_rail" title="Okinawa rail">Okinawa rail</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coconut crab"><img alt="Coconut crab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg/120px-Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg/180px-Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg/240px-Coconut_Crab_in_Kuroshima_Okinawa_Prefecture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="3296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coconut crab</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a>. The climate supports a dense Subtropical forest in the northern <a href="/wiki/Yanbaru_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanbaru National Park">Yanbaru National Park</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Rainy_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainy season">rainy season</a> occurs in the late spring.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Naha (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1890−present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.6<br />(4.00) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.5<br />(4.51) </td> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.8<br />(5.62) </td> <td style="background: #07FF07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.0<br />(6.34) </td> <td style="background: #009000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">245.3<br />(9.66) </td> <td style="background: #004800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">284.4<br />(11.20) </td> <td style="background: #00E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.1<br />(7.41) </td> <td style="background: #009800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">240.0<br />(9.45) </td> <td style="background: #005600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">275.2<br />(10.83) </td> <td style="background: #00F200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.2<br />(7.06) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.1<br />(4.69) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.0<br />(4.33) </td> <td style="background: #00EC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,161<br />(85.08) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.5 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">142.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AAAAA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.1 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.9 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.2 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.3 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.7 </td> <td style="background: #B0B082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.4 </td> <td style="background: #C2C217; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,727.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Japan Meteorological Agency<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan cuisine</a></div> <p>There are many local pubs (<i><a href="/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">izakaya</a></i>) and cafes that serve Okinawan cuisine and dishes, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Chanpur%C5%AB" title="Chanpurū">gōyā chanpurū</a></i> (bitter melon stir fry), <i>fu chanpurū</i> (wheat gluten <a href="/wiki/Chanpur%C5%AB" title="Chanpurū">chanpurū</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu" title="Tonkatsu">tonkatsu</a></i> (tenderized, breaded, fried pork cutlet). Okinawan <a href="/wiki/Soba" title="Soba">soba</a> is the signature dish and consists of wheat noodles served hot in a soup, usually with pork (rib or pork belly). This contrasts with the mainland soba, which is buckwheat noodles. <a href="/wiki/Rafute" title="Rafute">Rafute</a>, which is braised pork belly, is another popular Okinawan dish. American presence on the island has also led to some creative dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Taco_rice" title="Taco rice">taco rice</a>, which is now a common meal served in <a href="/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">bentos</a>, and the common use of <a href="/wiki/Spam_(food)" title="Spam (food)">spam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OkinawaOnna3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OkinawaOnna3.jpg/220px-OkinawaOnna3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OkinawaOnna3.jpg/330px-OkinawaOnna3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OkinawaOnna3.jpg/440px-OkinawaOnna3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Farmland in Okinawa</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">prefectures of Japan</a>, Okinawa has the youngest and fastest-growing population but has the lowest employment rate and average income. The island economy is primarily driven by tourism and the U.S. military presence, with efforts in recent years to diversify into other sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Motobu Peninsula has a large-scale quarry and cement factory, taking advantage of the limestone in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also agriculture with tropical fruit such as <i><a href="/wiki/Malpighia_emarginata" title="Malpighia emarginata">Malpighia emarginata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourist attractions include <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Churaumi_Aquarium" title="Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium</a> (at one time the world's largest aquarium), Century Beach, Pineapple Park, the Orion Beer Factory and <a href="/wiki/Hiji_Falls" title="Hiji Falls">Hiji Falls</a>. In recent years, Okinawa has become an increasingly popular destination for tourists from China and Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-yoshida_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoshida-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Okinawa attracted 9,842,400 tourists, a positive growth of 4.7% from 9,396,200 in the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_bases">Military bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. military bases account for 4 to 5% of the island economy. There is also a smaller contingent of Japanese military bases on the island. Several former U.S. military facilities on Okinawa have been re-developed as commercial areas, most notably the American Village in <a href="/wiki/Chatan,_Okinawa" title="Chatan, Okinawa">Chatan</a>, which opened in 1998, and the Aeon Mall Okinawa Rycom in <a href="/wiki/Kitanakagusuku,_Okinawa" title="Kitanakagusuku, Okinawa">Kitanakagusuku</a>, which opened in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-yoshida_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoshida-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._military_in_Okinawa">U.S. military in Okinawa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: U.S. military in Okinawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forces_Japan" title="United States Forces Japan">United States Forces Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg/220px-18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg/330px-18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg/440px-18thopgroup-f15-eagles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/F-15C_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15C Eagles">F-15C Eagles</a> and an <a href="/wiki/F-15D" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15D">F-15D</a> of the <a href="/wiki/18th_Operations_Group" title="18th Operations Group">18th Wing</a>, Kadena Air Base</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg/170px-US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg/255px-US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg/340px-US_military_bases_in_Okinawa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption>U.S. military bases in Okinawa (2010)</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States maintains American military bases in Japan as part of the U.S.-Japan alliance since 1951. Most U.S. military is in Okinawa Prefecture. In 2013, there were approximately 50,000 U.S. military personnel stationed in Japan with 40,000 dependents and 5,500 American civilians employed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-japantimes2008_basics_of_us_presence_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japantimes2008_basics_of_us_presence-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 26,000 U.S. military personnel are on Okinawa Island. </p><p>There are 13 United States military bases on Okinawa Island.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 62% of all United States bases in Japan are on Okinawa.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They cover 25% of Okinawa island. The major bases are <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma" title="Marine Corps Air Station Futenma">Futenma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hansen" title="Camp Hansen">Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torii_Station" title="Torii Station">Torii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Schwab" title="Camp Schwab">Schwab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Foster" title="Camp Foster">Foster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camp_Kinser" title="Camp Kinser">Kinser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jaffewp2012_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaffewp2012-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 28 U.S. military facilities on Okinawa. They are mainly concentrated in the central area. At one point, Okinawa hosted approximately 1,200 nuclear warheads.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were several <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_nuclear_accidents" title="List of military nuclear accidents">nuclear weapons incidents</a> on Okinawa and in the sea near the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, the peculiar inhabitant population of this island [both Americans and Japanese living together since 1945] was used to prove a curious conjecture. By that time nine subtypes of JC virus had been found, each from a different segment of the old world. Virtually every individual of this world is infected with one or the other JCV subtype, by the time he/she reaches 10 years of age. This virus is isolated from urine, and another conjecture is that most children are infected from parents, and that too, through living at close quarters for years together. According to this conjecture, even if two different populations, say Americans and Japanese, were living together in the same area, but not within the same family, the individuals would not cross-infect one another. Okinawa island proved an ideal place to test this conjecture. No evidence was found that Japanese children were infected with American type JCV, although they had been living at the same island as the Americans. Since it is assumed now that JCV subtypes are virtually unique to each world area, it is now used to determine human migration patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugimoto_1997_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugimoto_1997-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, tests around Kadena Air Base showed severe contamination of the wells and waterways of Dakujaku River and Hija river with toxic chemicals <a href="/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances" title="Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances">PFAS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pfas1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfas1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This affects the drinking water of 450,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-pfas1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfas1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PFAS was used in foam at fire fighting training sites on U.S. facilities during the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-pfas1_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfas1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moving_the_bases">Moving the bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Moving the bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1971_Okinawa_Reversion_Agreement" title="1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement">1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement</a> officially ended the U.S. military occupation on Okinawa.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bases primarily exist to serve Japanese and American strategic interests,<sup id="cite_ref-beeb_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beeb-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite recent efforts to move the bases out of core areas following incidents involving military personnel and resultant protests (including the <a href="/wiki/1995_Okinawa_rape_incident" title="1995 Okinawa rape incident">1995 Okinawa rape incident</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, an agreement was struck between the United States and Japan to reduce the number of U.S. military personnel on the island, moving 9,000 personnel to other locations and moving bases out of heavily populated Greater Naha, but 10,000 Marines will remain on the island, along with other U.S. military units.<sup id="cite_ref-jaffewp2012_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaffewp2012-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts to completely close bases on the southern third of the island, where 90% of the population lives (all but about 120,000 people<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) have been impeded by both the American desire that alternative locations be found where bases subject to closure could move to (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henoko_Peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henoko Peninsula (page does not exist)">Henoko Peninsula</a>, mid-island), as well as by local Okinawan opposition to any suggested locations on the island (who demand no U.S. troops at all anywhere on the island).<sup id="cite_ref-beeb_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beeb-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tokyo says the U.S. bases are important for national security. Locals complain that despite being home to less than 1% of Japan's population and area, Okinawa hosts the majority of the U.S. military presence in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late December 2013, Governor <a href="/wiki/Hirokazu_Nakaima" title="Hirokazu Nakaima">Hirokazu Nakaima</a> gave permission for land reclamation to begin for a new U.S. military base at Henoko, reneging on previous promises and furthering the effort to consolidate the American troop presence on the island, though away from urban Naha.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2016 the U.S. returned 10,000 acres (40 km<sup>2</sup>; 16 sq mi) of the Northern Training Area on Okinawa to Japan. This reduced the footprint of the U.S. forces by 20% on the island. It was the biggest land return since 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-nta_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nta-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Okinawa has various historical buildings and monuments, such as feudal castles, ruins, UNESCO, and other historical significant sites. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri Castle</a> is the most famous castle on Okinawa and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Castle" title="Nakagusuku Castle">Nakagusuku Castle</a> is a <i><a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">gusuku</a></i> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Kitanakagusuku,_Okinawa" title="Kitanakagusuku, Okinawa">Kitanakagusuku, Okinawa</a>. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the 100 most famous castles in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_of_Peace" title="Cornerstone of Peace">Cornerstone of Peace</a> monument in <a href="/wiki/Itoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Itoman">Itoman</a> commemorates the Battle of Okinawa and the end of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-Purpose_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purpose-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby is the <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefectural_Peace_Memorial_Museum" title="Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum">Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamura_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakamura House (page does not exist)">Nakamura House</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%91%E5%AE%B6%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85_(%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:中村家住宅 (沖縄県)">ja</a>]</span> is an original 18th-century farmhouse in Kitanakagusuki.</li> <li>The former <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Navy_Underground_HQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Navy Underground HQ (page does not exist)">Japanese Navy Underground HQ</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8%E5%A3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:海軍司令部壕">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Castle" title="Katsuren Castle">Katsuren Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakijin_Castle" title="Nakijin Castle">Nakijin Castle</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shuri Castle in Naha"><img alt="Shuri Castle in Naha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg/120px-Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg/180px-Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg/240px-Naha_Shuri_Castle20s5s3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri Castle</a> in Naha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shureimon"><img alt="Shureimon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg/120px-Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg/180px-Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg/240px-Naha_Shuri_Castle32bs5s4592.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shureimon" title="Shureimon">Shureimon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nakagusuku Castle ruins"><img alt="Nakagusuku Castle ruins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg/120px-Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg/180px-Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg/240px-Nakagusuku_Castle25bs3104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Castle" title="Nakagusuku Castle">Nakagusuku Castle</a> ruins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cornerstone of Peace monument"><img alt="Cornerstone of Peace monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg/120px-Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg/180px-Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg/240px-Okinawa_prefectural_Peace_memorial_Museum-2007-06-27_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_of_Peace" title="Cornerstone of Peace">Cornerstone of Peace</a> monument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nakamura house"><img alt="Nakamura house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg/120px-Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg/180px-Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg/240px-Nakamura_House_Kitanakagusuku01n3104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nakamura house</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural">Natural</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Natural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Manzamo" title="Cape Manzamo">Cape Manzamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Hedo" title="Cape Hedo">Cape Hedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefa-utaki" title="Sefa-utaki">Sefa-utaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Senseki_Quasi-National_Park" title="Okinawa Senseki Quasi-National Park">Okinawa Senseki Quasi-National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyokusendo_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyokusendo Cave (page does not exist)">Gyokusendo Cave</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E6%B3%89%E6%B4%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:玉泉洞">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moon_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moon Beach (page does not exist)">Moon Beach</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81" class="extiw" title="ja:ムーンビーチ">ja</a>]</span> is a natural beach shaped like a crescent moon with tropical trees</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Churaumi_Aquarium" title="Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Sea_Road" title="Mid-Sea Road">Mid-Sea Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokusaidori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokusaidori (page does not exist)">Kokusaidori</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%80%9A%E3%82%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:国際通り">ja</a>]</span> main street of <a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a></li> <li>The American Village in <a href="/wiki/Chatan,_Okinawa" title="Chatan, Okinawa">Chatan, Okinawa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_World" title="Okinawa World">Okinawa World</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg/220px-131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg/330px-131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg/440px-131027_Shuri_Castle_Festival_Naha_Okinawa_pref_Japan02s8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Shuri Castle Festival in <a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are multiple festivals on Okinawa throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-events_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-events-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Shurijo Castle Park New Year's Celebration – January</li> <li>Cherry Blossom Festival – January, February</li> <li>Naha Hari Festival – May</li> <li>Orion Beerfest – August</li> <li>Eisa Dancers Parade – August</li> <li>Shuri Castle Festival – October</li> <li>Naha Great Tug-of-War Festival – October</li> <li>The Ryukyu Dynasty Festival Shuri – November</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg/220px-Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg/330px-Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg/440px-Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5504" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tapic_Kenso_Hiyagon_Stadium" title="Tapic Kenso Hiyagon Stadium">Tapic Kenso Hiyagon Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa,_Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa, Okinawa">Okinawa</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FC_Ryukyu" title="FC Ryukyu">FC Ryukyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> team, plays in <a href="/wiki/J2_League" title="J2 League">J2 League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Golden_Kings" title="Ryukyu Golden Kings">Ryukyu Golden Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team, plays in <a href="/wiki/B.League" title="B.League">B.League</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG/220px-20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG/330px-20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG/440px-20100526%E9%82%A3%E8%A6%87%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naha_Airport" title="Naha Airport">Naha Airport</a> (2010)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Naha_Airport" title="Naha Airport">Naha Airport</a> is the main transportation hub for the Ryukyu Islands and has an increasingly large role in regional logistics. <a href="/wiki/All_Nippon_Airways" title="All Nippon Airways">All Nippon Airways</a> opened a cargo hub at the airport in 2009, providing overnight freight service between Japan and other Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-yoshida_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoshida-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monorail">Monorail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Monorail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg/220px-Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg/330px-Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg/440px-Okinawa_Monorail_1206%2B1106_20080606.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Okinawa Urban Monorail</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Urban_Monorail" title="Okinawa Urban Monorail">Okinawa Urban Monorail</a> (Yui Rail) runs from Naha Airport to Japan's south-easternmost monorail station, <a href="/wiki/Akamine_Station" title="Akamine Station">Akamine Station</a>, before heading to its final destination of <a href="/wiki/Tedako-Uranishi_Station" title="Tedako-Uranishi Station">Tedako-Uranishi Station</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urasoe,_Okinawa" title="Urasoe, Okinawa">Urasoe</a>) and back.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are multiple bus companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Toyo_Bus" title="Toyo Bus">Toyo Bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Bus_Kotsu" title="Ryukyu Bus Kotsu">Ryukyu Bus Kotsu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naha_Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naha Bus (page does not exist)">Naha Bus</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okinawa Bus (page does not exist)">Okinawa Bus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Expressway" title="Okinawa Expressway">Okinawa Expressway</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll road</a> that runs from <a href="/wiki/Naha,_Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Naha, Okinawa">Naha</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nago,_Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nago, Okinawa">Nago</a>, and has a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph), the highest on the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferries">Ferries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ferries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferries</a> to many of the nearby islands, such as <a href="/wiki/Ie_Shima" class="mw-redirect" title="Ie Shima">Ie Shima</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tomari,_Okinawa" title="Tomari, Okinawa">Tomarin Port</a> in Naha, has ferries to nearby islands such as <a href="/wiki/Aguni_Island" title="Aguni Island">Aguni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokashiki_Island" title="Tokashiki Island">Tokashiki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zamami_Island" title="Zamami Island">Zamami</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions_and_cities">Regions and cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Regions and cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Okinawa">Northern Okinawa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Northern Okinawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yanbaru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yanbaru.jpg/220px-Yanbaru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yanbaru.jpg/330px-Yanbaru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yanbaru.jpg/440px-Yanbaru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Yanbaru forest and Mount Yonaha</figcaption></figure> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Kunigami_District,_Okinawa" title="Kunigami District, Okinawa">Kunigami district</a>, it has an area of 764 square kilometers (295 sq mi) and a population of about 120,000. There is much nature with <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_rainforest" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical rainforest">subtropical rainforest</a>. </p> <ul><li>Kunigami district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginoza,_Okinawa" title="Ginoza, Okinawa">Ginoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higashi,_Okinawa" title="Higashi, Okinawa">Higashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin,_Okinawa" title="Kin, Okinawa">Kinmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunigami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunigami">Kunigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motobu" class="mw-redirect" title="Motobu">Motobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakijin,_Okinawa" title="Nakijin, Okinawa">Nakijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cgimi" title="Ōgimi">Ōgimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onna,_Okinawa" title="Onna, Okinawa">Onna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nago" title="Nago">Nago</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Okinawa">Central Okinawa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Central Okinawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Nakagami_District,_Okinawa" title="Nakagami District, Okinawa">Nakagami district</a>, it has an area of 280 square kilometers (110 sq mi) and a population of about 590,000. Most U.S. military facilities are located here. <a href="/wiki/Urasoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Urasoe">Urasoe</a> has strong connections with the southern municipalities, including the Southern Wide Area Municipal Area Administrative Association, <a href="/wiki/Nishihara,_Okinawa" title="Nishihara, Okinawa">Nishihara</a> town, <a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakagusuku">Nakagusuku</a> village, and <a href="/wiki/Kitanakagusuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitanakagusuku">Kitanakagusuku</a> Village. These belong to the Southern Wide Area Administrative Association. With Kunigami district or Yamabaru, it has an area of 764 km<sup>2</sup> (295 sq mi) and a population of about 120,000. Rich nature remains. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginowan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginowan">Ginowan</a></li> <li>Nakagami district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yomitan" title="Yomitan">Yomitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadena,_Okinawa" title="Kadena, Okinawa">Kadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatan,_Okinawa" title="Chatan, Okinawa">Chatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanakagusuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitanakagusuku">Kitanakagusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakagusuku">Nakagusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishihara,_Okinawa" title="Nishihara, Okinawa">Nishihara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa City">Okinawa City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urasoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Urasoe">Urasoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma">Uruma</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Okinawa">Southern Okinawa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Southern Okinawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG/220px-The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG/330px-The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG/440px-The_main_streets_of_Naha_city_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Matsuyama intersection in Naha</figcaption></figure> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Shimajiri_District,_Okinawa" title="Shimajiri District, Okinawa">Shimajiri district</a>, it has an area of 198 square kilometers (76 sq mi) and a population of about 540,000. The capital is Naha. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Itoman">Itoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjo">Nanjo</a></li> <li>Shimajiri district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haebaru" class="mw-redirect" title="Haebaru">Haebaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaese" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaese">Yaese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonabaru,_Okinawa" title="Yonabaru, Okinawa">Yonabaru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomigusuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomigusuku">Tomigusuku</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photo_gallery">Photo gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Photo gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KinjoPot1656.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Okinawa Island is the home of Tsuboya-yaki, pottery in the Ryūkyūan tradition"><img alt="Okinawa Island is the home of Tsuboya-yaki, pottery in the Ryūkyūan tradition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/KinjoPot1656.jpg/90px-KinjoPot1656.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/KinjoPot1656.jpg/134px-KinjoPot1656.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/KinjoPot1656.jpg/179px-KinjoPot1656.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Okinawa Island is the home of <a href="/wiki/Tsuboya-yaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuboya-yaki">Tsuboya-yaki</a>, pottery in the Ryūkyūan tradition</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TogyuWP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bullfighting (Tōgyū) arena. Okinawa is the home of a form of bullfighting sometimes compared to sumo."><img alt="Bullfighting (Tōgyū) arena. Okinawa is the home of a form of bullfighting sometimes compared to sumo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/TogyuWP.jpg/120px-TogyuWP.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/TogyuWP.jpg/180px-TogyuWP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/TogyuWP.jpg/240px-TogyuWP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bullfighting (<a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dgy%C5%AB" title="Tōgyū">Tōgyū</a>) arena. Okinawa is the home of a form of bullfighting sometimes compared to <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="History of the Ryukyu Islands">History of the Ryukyu Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Ryukyu_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Ryukyu Islands">List of monarchs of Ryukyu Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_the_Sh%C5%8D_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of the Shō Dynasties">Shō Dynasties family tree</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Okinawa" title="Names of Okinawa">Names of Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_martial_arts" title="Okinawan martial arts">Okinawan martial arts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Okinawa-prefecture-Japan">"Okinawa | Facts, History, & Points of Interest"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200404083200/https://www.britannica.com/place/Okinawa-prefecture-Japan">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Okinawa+%26%23124%3B+Facts%2C+History%2C+%26+Points+of+Interest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FOkinawa-prefecture-Japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GSI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GSI_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/backnumber/GSI-menseki20181001.pdf">"Statistical reports on the land area by prefectures and municipalities in Japan as of 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Geospatial_Information_Authority_of_Japan" title="Geospatial Information Authority of Japan">Geospatial Information Authority of Japan</a>. 1 October 2018. p. 103. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319045135/http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/backnumber/GSI-menseki20181001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+reports+on+the+land+area+by+prefectures+and+municipalities+in+Japan+as+of+2018&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Geospatial+Information+Authority+of+Japan&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2FKOKUJYOHO%2FMENCHO%2Fbacknumber%2FGSI-menseki20181001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-okinawa-population-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-okinawa-population_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-okinawa-population_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-okinawa-population_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/toukeika/estimates/estidata.html">沖縄県推計人口データ一覧（Excel形式）</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713201435/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/toukeika/estimates/estidata.html">Archived</a> 13 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pref.okinawa.jp. Retrieved on 16 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN16719">語彙詳細―首里・那覇方言</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214354/http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/details.php?ID=SN16719">Archived</a> 19 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Okinawa Center of Language Study. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>MILT classification 6,852 islands(main islands: 5 islands, remote islands: 6,847 islands)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLIT+%28Ministry+of+Land%2C+Infrastructure%2C+Transport+and+Tourism%29&rft.atitle=%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%28%E5%B3%B6%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%29+%28what+is+a+remote+island%3F%29&rft.date=2015-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fcrd%2Fchirit%2Fritoutoha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Okinawa-Island">"Okinawa Island | island, Japan"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214736/https://www.britannica.com/place/Okinawa-Island">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Okinawa%3A+The+Bloodiest+Battle+of+the+Pacific+War&rft.pub=HistoryNet&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fbattle-of-okinawa-the-bloodiest-battle-of-the-pacific-war.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchester1987" class="citation news cs1">Manchester, William (14 June 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/14/magazine/the-bloodiest-battle-of-all.html">"The Bloodiest Battle Of All"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091207104512/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/14/magazine/the-bloodiest-battle-of-all.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Bloodiest+Battle+Of+All&rft.date=1987-06-14&rft.aulast=Manchester&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F06%2F14%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-bloodiest-battle-of-all.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchell-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Mitchell_(journalist)" title="Jon Mitchell (journalist)">Mitchell, Jon</a> (13 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/05/13/general/what-awaits-okinawa-40-years-after-reversion/">"What awaits Okinawa 40 years after reversion?"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620002002/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/05/13/general/what-awaits-okinawa-40-years-after-reversion/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=What+awaits+Okinawa+40+years+after+reversion%3F&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2012%2F05%2F13%2Fgeneral%2Fwhat-awaits-okinawa-40-years-after-reversion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-narc-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narc_16-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Mitchell2022" class="citation web cs1">Jon Mitchell (22 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725192905/https://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/articles/-/976065">"The Okinawa System: The US military and the 1970s narcotics trade"</a>. <i>Okinawa Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Two+US+sailors+accused+of+Okinawa+rape&rft.date=2012-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Foct%2F17%2Fus-sailors-accused-okinawa-rape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIto2012" class="citation news cs1">Ito, Masami (28 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427181628/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120428a2.html">"U.S., Japan tweak marine exit plan"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Japan%3A+Administrative+Division+%28Prefectures%2C+Districts+and+Cities%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fjapan%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208005908/http://archive.marinecorpstimes.com/article/20140814/NEWS/308140041/U-S-military-takes-1st-step-Okinawa-relocation">"U.S. military takes 1st step in Okinawa relocation"</a>. <i>archive.marinecorpstimes.com</i>. 14 August 2014. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.marinecorpstimes.com&rft.atitle=U.S.+military+takes+1st+step+in+Okinawa+relocation&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.marinecorpstimes.com%2Farticle%2F20140814%2FNEWS%2F308140041%2FU-S-military-takes-1st-step-Okinawa-relocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP2013" class="citation web cs1">AP (27 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228153212/http://dailydigest.com/19041/okinawa-governor-gives-go-ahead-for-new-us-base/">"Okinawa Governor Gives Go-ahead For New US Base"</a>. DailyDigest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailydigest.com/19041/okinawa-governor-gives-go-ahead-for-new-us-base/">the original</a> on 28 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Okinawa+Governor+Gives+Go-ahead+For+New+US+Base&rft.pub=DailyDigest&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft.au=AP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailydigest.com%2F19041%2Fokinawa-governor-gives-go-ahead-for-new-us-base%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nta-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nta_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaramone2016" class="citation news cs1">Garamone, Jim (21 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112225217/https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/1036252/us-returns-10000-acres-of-okinawan-training-area-to-japan/">"U.S. Returns 10,000 Acres of Okinawan Training Area to Japan"</a>. <i>DOD News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DOD+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+Returns+10%2C000+Acres+of+Okinawan+Training+Area+to+Japan&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Garamone&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FExplore%2FNews%2FArticle%2FArticle%2F1036252%2Fus-returns-10000-acres-of-okinawan-training-area-to-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakagusuku-jo.jp/en">"Nakagusuku Castle Remains"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328140606/http://www.nakagusuku-jo.jp/en">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakagusuku+Castle+Remains&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nakagusuku-jo.jp%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purpose-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Purpose_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927153832/http://www3.pref.okinawa.jp/site/view/contview.jsp?cateid=11&id=7793&page=1">"The Cornerstone of Peace - statement of purpose"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cornerstone+of+Peace+-+statement+of+purpose&rft.pub=Okinawa+Prefecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.pref.okinawa.jp%2Fsite%2Fview%2Fcontview.jsp%3Fcateid%3D11%26id%3D7793%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-events-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-events_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitokinawa.jp/events">"Events"</a>. Visit Okinawa Japan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811070226/http://www.visitokinawa.jp/events">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Events&rft.pub=Visit+Okinawa+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitokinawa.jp%2Fevents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fcryukyu.com/profile/2020/">"FC琉球公式サイト | FC Ryukyu Official Website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701030507/http://fcryukyu.com/profile/2020/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FC%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88+%26%23124%3B+FC+Ryukyu+Official+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffcryukyu.com%2Fprofile%2F2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okinawa.org/blog/yui-rail-museum-an-indoor-learning-experience-for-all.46/">"Yui Rail Museum: An Indoor Learning Experience For All"</a>. <i>Okinawa.Org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208124203/https://www.okinawa.org/blog/yui-rail-museum-an-indoor-learning-experience-for-all.46/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Okinawa.Org&rft.atitle=Yui+Rail+Museum%3A+An+Indoor+Learning+Experience+For+All&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okinawa.org%2Fblog%2Fyui-rail-museum-an-indoor-learning-experience-for-all.46%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaprio2014" class="citation book cs1">Caprio, Mark (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oj_IhRConN8C"><i>Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945</i></a>. University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-99040-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-99040-8"><bdi>978-0-295-99040-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519232535/https://books.google.com/books?id=oj_IhRConN8C">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Assimilation+Policies+in+Colonial+Korea%2C+1910-1945&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-295-99040-8&rft.aulast=Caprio&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doj_IhRConN8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristy2004" class="citation book cs1">Christy, Alan S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4z_JJfG-hyYC">"The making of imperial subjects in Okinawa"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Weiner_(professor)" title="Michael Weiner (professor)">Weiner, Michael</a> (ed.). <i>Race, Ethnicity and Migration in Modern Japan: Imagined and imaginary minorities</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20857-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20857-4"><bdi>978-0-415-20857-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519232532/https://books.google.com/books?id=4z_JJfG-hyYC">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+making+of+imperial+subjects+in+Okinawa&rft.btitle=Race%2C+Ethnicity+and+Migration+in+Modern+Japan%3A+Imagined+and+imaginary+minorities&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-20857-4&rft.aulast=Christy&rft.aufirst=Alan+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4z_JJfG-hyYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubinskyDavies2013" class="citation journal cs1">Dubinsky, Stanley; Davies, William (2013). <a href="/wiki/Steven_Heine" title="Steven Heine">Steven Heine</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278729134">"Language Conflict and Language Rights: The Ainu, Ryūkyūans, and Koreans in Japan"</a>. <i>Japan Studies Review</i>. <b>17</b>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1550-0713">1550-0713</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023034728/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278729134">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Language+Conflict+and+Language+Rights%3A+The+Ainu%2C+Ry%C5%ABky%C5%ABans%2C+and+Koreans+in+Japan&rft.volume=17&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1550-0713&rft.aulast=Dubinsky&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Davies%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F278729134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInoue2017" class="citation book cs1">Inoue, Masamichi S. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnsVoSw8hRgC"><i>Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51114-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51114-8"><bdi>978-0-231-51114-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217032309/https://books.google.com/books?id=TnsVoSw8hRgC">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Okinawa+and+the+U.S.+Military%3A+Identity+Making+in+the+Age+of+Globalization&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-231-51114-8&rft.aulast=Inoue&rft.aufirst=Masamichi+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnsVoSw8hRgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rabson, Steve (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apjjf.org/-Steve-Rabson/2667/article.html">"Okinawan Perspectives on Japan's Imperial Institution"</a>. <i>The Asia-Pacific Journal</i>. <b>6</b> (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812092152/https://apjjf.org/-Steve-Rabson/2667/article.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal&rft.atitle=Okinawan+Perspectives+on+Japan%27s+Imperial+Institution&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2008-02&rft.aulast=Rabson&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F-Steve-Rabson%2F2667%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOkinawa+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Okinawa_Island#Q600614" class="extiw" title="voy:Okinawa Island">Okinawa Island</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600614#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600614#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600614#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044438">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&oldid=1253100751">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Island&oldid=1253100751</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Okinawa_Islands" 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-14T14:09:30Z","dateModified":"2024-10-24T10:24:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3d\/Okinawa_Island-ISS042.jpg","headline":"smallest of the five main islands of Japan"}</script> </body> </html>