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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1777 steam engine</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org"><i>Old Bess</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG/250px-Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG/375px-Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG/500px-Old_bess_beam_engine_may_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4568" data-file-height="3448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Old Bess</i>, as now preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Origins</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt beam engine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maker</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Boulton_and_Watt" title="Boulton and Watt">Boulton and Watt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">1777<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1777</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soho_Manufactory" title="Soho Manufactory">Soho Manufactory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Water-returning_engine" title="Water-returning engine">Water-returning engine</a> driving factory machinery</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Measurements</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cylinders</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bore</th><td class="infobox-data">33 inches (838 mm)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Preservation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Collection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_Group" title="Science Museum Group">Science Museum Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Working</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Old Bess</b></i> is an early <a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">beam engine</a> built by the partnership of <a href="/wiki/Boulton_and_Watt" title="Boulton and Watt">Boulton and Watt</a>. The engine was constructed in 1777 and worked until 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The engine is most obviously known simply for being an early example of an engine built by Boulton and Watt. However it also played a far more important role in the development of <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engines</a> for being the first engine designed to work with an early <a href="/wiki/Cutoff_(steam_engine)" title="Cutoff (steam engine)">cutoff</a>, and so to use the expansion of the steam for greater efficiency. </p><p>It is now preserved in the Power Gallery of the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the oldest surviving <a href="/wiki/Watt_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Watt engine">Watt engine</a>, and the third-oldest surviving beam engine.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Watt's_previous_Kinneil_Engine"><span id="Watt.27s_previous_Kinneil_Engine"></span>Watt's previous Kinneil Engine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Watt's previous Kinneil Engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">Watt</a>'s first engine at <a href="/wiki/Kinneil_House" title="Kinneil House">Kinneil</a> in Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been unsuccessful,<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley,_Old_Bess-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the parts were taken down and re-used at <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Boulton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Soho_Manufactory" title="Soho Manufactory">Soho Manufactory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reworked engine was more successful there, and encouraged Boulton to invest further in this developing steam technology and in Watt's inventions. </p><p>The Manufactory had been built to use a <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheel</a> to drive its machinery, and the site had been chosen on that basis, but there were concerns over seasonal lack of water to power the wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_1963,_58-59-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar problems in the iron industry had inspired the development of the <a href="/wiki/Water-returning_engine" title="Water-returning engine">water-returning engine</a>: a steam pump that could raise water to drive the wheel, in times of low water on the river. The Kinneil Engine had been built as a pump, for use in a coal mine, and so was suitable for this new task. Watt's <a href="/wiki/Rotative_beam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotative beam engine">rotative beam engine</a> had not yet been considered and so the only way to produce rotary work to drive machinery in the Manufactory was by water power. </p><p>In 1777 Boulton and Watt decided to build a second engine for use at Soho, either to supplement the Kinneil Engine<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_1963,_58-59-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or primarily to experiment with Watt's new idea of <a href="/wiki/Simple_expansion_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple expansion steam engine">expansive working</a> of the steam.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new engine was also to be a water-returning engine<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the earlier <a href="/wiki/Newcomen_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcomen engine">Newcomen engines</a>, it was only capable of pumping water rather than driving machinery directly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Working_life">Working life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Working life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as 1769, Watt was considering the possibility of working steam expansively, as recorded in a letter of 28 May to <a href="/wiki/William_Small" title="William Small">Dr. Small</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early engines were incapable of this, as they used a single valve for both inlet and exhaust. As Watt had already begun to use separate valves for each function,<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it would now be possible to control their timing independently, i.e. to apply <a href="/wiki/Lead_(steam_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead (steam engine)">lead</a> to the timing of the inlet valve. Watt decided to construct a new engine to demonstrate this principle and was confident of the substantial savings in coal consumption to be offered.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction began in 1777 with the ordering of a 33-inch<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cylinder (84 cm).<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was erected and working at Soho by August, although still incomplete. </p><p>The engine always worked as a water pump and was equipped with two <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> cylinders at opposite ends of the beam, one for the working cylinder and one for the pump. The pump cylinder was taller and thinner, of 24 inches (61 cm) diameter and 8 feet 3 inches (2.5 m) tall, designed for a working stroke 7 feet (2.1 m) within this, although only 6 feet 1 inch (1.9 m) was used in practice. The pumped water was delivered at a <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_head" title="Hydrostatic head">head</a> of 24 feet (7.3 m).<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was later described as being of 30 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> in power.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beam was typical for early <a href="/wiki/Single-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-acting cylinder">single-acting</a> beam engines, pulling through <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> chains running over a curved arch-head at each end of the beam. At some later point, possibly when reconstructed after the fire, this beam was strengthened by being strutted and bridled with the additional timber and iron triangular trusses that are seen above the beam today.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley,_Old_Bess-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beelzebub"><i>Beelzebub</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beelzebub"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial operation of the engine was unsatisfactory. Watt was away in Cornwall and Boulton wrote to him, describing the engine's actions as "very fierce".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His opinion was that the engine's cylinder was too large for the work expected of it. This led to it being worked at a pressure of around 5.7 psi, whereas if it were operating at 8 psi, it would be less jerky and violent. This action was so remarkable as to give the engine its initial nickname of <i><a href="/wiki/Beelzebub" title="Beelzebub">Beelzebub</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither Watt nor Boulton had a solution to the engine's behaviour. Watt's experience with the Chacewater engine, a rebuilt <a href="/wiki/John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">Smeaton</a> engine, at <a href="/wiki/Wheal_Busy" title="Wheal Busy">Wheal Busy</a>, suggested that cutoff led to a violent action. In September he recommended <a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">throttling</a> the steam supply to the engine.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulton favoured further experimentation with <a href="/wiki/Cutoff_(steam_engine)" title="Cutoff (steam engine)">cutoff</a> (i.e. valve timing) and in 1779 suggested that a series of more scientific measurements be tried. With hindsight, Boulton's approach was the more thermodynamically efficient, although this lesson was not fully appreciated by locomotive drivers right to the end of steam power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_and_reconstruction">Fire and reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fire and reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One morning in July 1778 the engine house was discovered to be on fire. The fire spread rapidly and within half an hour the roof was burned to the ground. The timberwork and soldered copper piping of the engine were also destroyed or damaged. Even the beam itself, a substantial timber construction, was "rendered unfit" by the fire. Fortunately the most important part of the engine, its cylinder, survived the fire relatively intact. Within three weeks the engine had been reconstructed and was expected to be working again shortly.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the engine had been damaged, Watt, who was once again away in Cornwall, had advised that "no repair farther that the roof ought to be gone about at present", with his intention being to reconstruct the engine in some improved manner.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nature of these reconstructions, and their effectiveness, remains unclear. </p><p>By 1781, the engine had been working in its reconstructed form for some years. Whatever the improvements had been, they left Watt and Boulton still agreeing that this was, "one of the worst engines they had".<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closure_of_the_Mint_and_preservation">Closure of the Mint and preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Closure of the Mint and preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The engine operated at the <a href="/wiki/Soho_Mint" title="Soho Mint">Soho Mint</a> in <a href="/wiki/Handsworth,_West_Midlands" title="Handsworth, West Midlands">Handsworth, West Midlands</a>, until the mint's closure in 1848. It was sold for £48, then re-sold for £58 and placed on display on an island in Derrington Pool, outside the metal-rolling works of its new owner, a Mr. Walker.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although much of the Mint's <a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">coining</a> machinery had been re-sold for further use at the new <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Mint" title="Birmingham Mint">Birmingham Mint</a>, this aged and thoroughly obsolete engine appears to have been one of the first artefacts of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_archaeology" title="Industrial archaeology">industrial archaeology</a> to be deliberately preserved. </p><p>The engine was later re-sold and then presented to the Commissioners of Patents for their Patent Office Museum, which would in turn become the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine is thus not only one of the museum's oldest exhibits, but also one of the first to enter its collection. When first displayed, the engine was erected in an open-fronted representation of a brick-built engine house.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley_1986_p9._17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley_1986_p9.-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now displayed on free-standing timberwork, allowing a closer inspection of the cylinders. </p><p>For an engine that had been described as "one of the worst engines they had" when almost new, it had a relatively long working life of over 70 years. Its name had also shifted from the violent <i>Beelzebub</i> to the rather more friendly <i>Old Bess</i>, indicating a more satisfactory performance.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reports by both Joseph Harrison, Artificer of the Soho Mint<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and William Buckle support this.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 it was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Heritage_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Heritage Award">Engineering Heritage Award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Institution of Mechanical Engineers">IMechE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confusion_between_engines">Confusion between engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Confusion between engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several confusions exist about this engine, and have been widely repeated. </p><p>The first of these confusions is that this was Watt's <i>second</i> engine (after the Kinneil engine) and the first by the Boulton and Watt partnership.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley,_Old_Bess-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact several engines were built between 1773 (the return of the Kinneil engine to Birmingham) and the construction of <i>Beelzebub</i> in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include such well-known engines as the 1775 38-inch <a href="/wiki/Blowing_engine" title="Blowing engine">blowing engine</a> for <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkinson_(industrialist)" title="John Wilkinson (industrialist)">John Wilkinson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnaces</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_Willey_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="New Willey Company">New Willey</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Broseley" title="Broseley">Broseley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, and the 50-inch pumping engine for Bloomfield Colliery near <a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_1963,_58-59-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The identity of <i>Beelzebub</i> is also confused. Some sources describe this as referring to the rebuilt Kinneil engine at Birmingham.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley,_Old_Bess-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two pieces of evidence to support the view that <i>Old Bess</i> and <i>Beelzebub</i> are the same engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_1963,_58-59-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Firstly the name <i>Beelzebub</i> derives from its violent action when used experimentally for expansive working, an experiment applied to the engine built new in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondly <i>Beelzebub</i> is described as a 33-inch engine, as is <i>Old Bess</i> on display today. There is no record of Boulton & Watt ever building another engine of this dimension.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smethwick_Engine" title="Smethwick Engine">Smethwick Engine</a> – the oldest working Watt steam engine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Old_Bess_(beam_engine)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Old Bess (beam engine)"><i>Old Bess</i></a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two older <a href="/wiki/Newcomen_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcomen engine">Newcomen engines</a> survive, the <i><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_Memorial_Engine" title="Newcomen Memorial Engine">Newcomen Memorial Engine</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Devon" title="Dartmouth, Devon">Dartmouth</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Fairbottom_Bobs" title="Fairbottom Bobs">Fairbottom Bobs</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ford Museum">Henry Ford Museum</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engines were characterised by and often named after the diameter of their cylinder. This dimension (amongst other factors) determined their power output; whilst the working pressure and precise piston stroke length could be altered, the cylinder was fixed at manufacture.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_120-126_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDickinsonJenkins1927" class="citation book cs1">Dickinson, H.W.; Jenkins, R. (1981) [1927]. <i>James Watt and the Steam Engine</i>. Moorland Publishing. pp. 120–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903485-92-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-903485-92-3"><bdi>0-903485-92-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Watt+and+the+Steam+Engine&rft.pages=120-126&rft.pub=Moorland+Publishing&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-903485-92-3&rft.aulast=Dickinson&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Science_Museum,_Old_Bess_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/energyhall/section5.asp">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Old Bess' engine by Boulton & Watt, 1777"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Old+Bess%27+engine+by+Boulton+%26+Watt%2C+1777&rft.pub=Science+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemuseum.org.uk%2Fon-line%2Fenergyhall%2Fsection5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/NonSSPL/watt/1861-45-old-bess.aspx">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Old Bess' – general arrangement drawing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a>. 1861.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Old+Bess%27+%E2%80%93+general+arrangement+drawing&rft.pub=Science+Museum&rft.date=1861&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemuseum.org.uk%2Fimages%2FNonSSPL%2Fwatt%2F1861-45-old-bess.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Meynell2011" class="citation web cs1">Mark Meynell (22 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/quaerentia/5549433545/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Old Bess" Science Museum – James Watt Exhibition"</a>. Flickr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Old+Bess%22+Science+Museum+%E2%80%93+James+Watt+Exhibition&rft.pub=Flickr&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft.au=Mark+Meynell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fquaerentia%2F5549433545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst8246.html">"James Watt's Cottage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gazetteer_for_Scotland" title="Gazetteer for Scotland">Gazetteer for Scotland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>immediately to the southwest of Kinneil House ... James Watt (1736–1819) devised his improved steam engine in 1765.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Watt%27s+Cottage&rft.pub=Gazetteer+for+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish-places.info%2Ffeatures%2Ffeaturefirst8246.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_187">"Kinneil House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Historic_Scotland" title="Historic Scotland">Historic Scotland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>The grounds contain the ruins of James Watt's cottage</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kinneil+House&rft.pub=Historic+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic-scotland.gov.uk%2Fpropertyresults%2Fpropertydetail.htm%3FPropID%3DPL_187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowley,_Old_Bess-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crowley,_Old_Bess_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1982" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, T.E. (1982). <i>The Beam Engine</i>. Senecio Publishing. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906831-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-906831-02-4"><bdi>0-906831-02-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beam+Engine&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Senecio+Publishing&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-906831-02-4&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=T.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson,_1963,_58-59-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_1963,_58-59_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1963" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, P.N. (1963). "Water-Driven Prime Movers". <i>Engineering Heritage</i>. Vol. I. <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Institution of Mechanical Engineers">Institution of Mechanical Engineers</a>. pp. 58–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Water-Driven+Prime+Movers&rft.btitle=Engineering+Heritage&rft.pages=58-59&rft.pub=Institution+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=P.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArago1838" class="citation book cs1">Arago, M. (1838). <i>Historical Eloge of James Watt</i>. London. p. 88. <q>admit steam until one-fourth of the distance between it and the next valve is filled with steam, shut the valve and the steam will continue to expand and to press round the wheel with diminishing power</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Eloge+of+James+Watt&rft.place=London&rft.pages=88&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Arago&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Meason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Meason (page does not exist)">Gilbert Meason</a>, 24 April 1777, Boulton & Watt colln.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Harrison, Science Museum collection</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to Watt, 18 August 1777, Boulton & Watt colln.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to Boulton, 20 September 1777, Boulton & Watt colln.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter from Watt to Boulton, 1781, Boulton & Watt colln.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowley_1986_p9.-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crowley_1986_p9._17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1986" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Terence Eldon (1 January 1986). <i>Beam Engines</i>. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. pp. 9, 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-802-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-802-6"><bdi>978-0-85263-802-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beam+Engines&rft.place=Princes+Risborough&rft.pages=9%2C+12&rft.pub=Shire+Publications&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-85263-802-6&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Terence+Eldon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorer1969" class="citation book cs1">Storer, J.D. (1969). <i>A Simple History of the Steam Engine</i>. London: John Baker. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-212-98356-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-212-98356-3"><bdi>0-212-98356-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Simple+History+of+the+Steam+Engine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=John+Baker&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-212-98356-3&rft.aulast=Storer&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imeche.org/flipbook/marketing/engineeringheritageawards/#/12/zoomed">"Engineering Heritage Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Institution of Mechanical Engineers">IMechE</a>. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engineering+Heritage+Award&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=IMechE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imeche.org%2Fflipbook%2Fmarketing%2Fengineeringheritageawards%2F%23%2F12%2Fzoomed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Bess+%28beam+engine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson_&_Jenkins,_1927,_111-119_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDickinsonJenkins1927">Dickinson & Jenkins 1927</a>, Chap. IX, <i>The Single Acting Pumping Engine</i>, pp. 111–119</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating cycle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_engine" title="Cornish engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Valves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slide_valve" title="Slide valve">Slide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slide_valve#Murdoch's_D_slide_valve" title="Slide valve">D slide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_valve_(steam_engine)" title="Piston valve (steam engine)">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_beat_valve" title="Double beat valve">Drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corliss_steam_engine" title="Corliss steam engine">Corliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Poppet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_valve" title="Sleeve valve">Sleeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_valve" title="Bash valve">Bash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Valve_gear" title="Valve gear">Valve gear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gab_valve_gear" title="Gab valve gear">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Stephenson link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_valve_gear" title="Joy valve gear">Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walschaerts_valve_gear" title="Walschaerts valve gear">Walschaerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear#Allan_straight_link_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_valve_gear" title="Baker valve gear">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corliss_steam_engine" title="Corliss steam engine">Corliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Lentz" title="Hugo Lentz">Lentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprotti_valve_gear" title="Caprotti valve gear">Caprotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresley_conjugated_valve_gear" title="Gresley conjugated valve gear">Gresley conjugated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_valve_gear" title="Southern valve gear">Southern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)" title="Mechanism (engineering)">Mechanisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract_(beam_engine)" title="Cataract (beam engine)">Cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_governor" title="Centrifugal governor">Centrifugal governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod#Steam_engines" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)" title="Crank (mechanism)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusi_couple" title="Tusi couple">Tusi couple</a> <a href="/wiki/Hypocycloidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocycloidal">hypocycloidal</a> <a href="/wiki/Straight_line_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight line mechanism">straight line mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Link chain">Link chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel motion">Parallel motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_chain" title="Roller chain">Plate chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine#Rotative_beam_engines" title="Beam engine">Rotative beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_planet_gear" title="Sun and planet gear">Sun and planet gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt%27s_linkage" title="Watt's linkage">Watt's linkage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">Boilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Simple boilers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haystack_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Haystack boiler">Haystack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagon_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagon boiler">Wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg-ended_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg-ended boiler">Egg-ended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Box boiler">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flued_boiler" title="Flued boiler">Flued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish boiler">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire boiler">Lancashire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Fire-tube_boiler" title="Fire-tube boiler">Fire-tube boilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotive boiler">Locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_marine_boiler" title="Scotch marine boiler">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch-type_boiler" title="Launch-type boiler">Launch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">Water-tube boilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_%26_Wilcox_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Babcock & Wilcox boiler">Babcock & Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-tube_boiler" title="Field-tube boiler">Field-tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_boiler" title="Sentinel boiler">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_boiler" title="Stirling boiler">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimble_tube_boiler" title="Thimble tube boiler">Thimble tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-drum_boiler" title="Three-drum boiler">Three-drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarrow_boiler" title="Yarrow boiler">Yarrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Boiler feed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feedwater_heater" title="Feedwater heater">Feedwater heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_feedwater_pump" title="Boiler feedwater pump">Feedwater pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injector" title="Injector">Injector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(locomotive)" title="Cylinder (locomotive)">Locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-_and_double-acting_cylinders" title="Single- and double-acting cylinders">Single- and double-acting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condensing_steam_locomotive" title="Condensing steam locomotive">Condensing steam locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_condenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet condenser">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchweger_condenser" title="Kirchweger condenser">Kirchweger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine#Separate_condenser" title="Watt steam engine">Watt's separate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen#After_Newcomen" title="Thomas Newcomen">"Pickle-pot"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_condenser" title="Surface condenser">Surface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(steam_engine)" title="Blowback (steam engine)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosshead" title="Crosshead">Crosshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutoff_(steam_engine)" title="Cutoff (steam engine)">Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_valve_(steam_engine)" title="Expansion valve (steam engine)">Expansion valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrolock" title="Hydrolock">Hydrolock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_connecting_rod_engine" title="Return connecting rod engine">Return connecting rod engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-column_beam_engine" title="Six-column beam engine">Six-column beam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_connecting_rod_engine#Steeple_engines" title="Return connecting rod engine">Steeple engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">Safety valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeple_compound_engine" title="Steeple compound engine">Steeple compound engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_fluid" title="Working fluid">Working fluid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine" title="History of the steam engine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine#Precursors" title="History of the steam engine">Precursors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savery" title="Thomas Savery">Savery Engine</a> (1698)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Newcomen engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_Memorial_Engine" title="Newcomen Memorial Engine">Newcomen Memorial Engine</a> (1725)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fairbottom_Bobs" title="Fairbottom Bobs">Fairbottom Bobs</a></i> (1760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsecar_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsecar Engine">Elsecar Engine</a> (1795)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinneil_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinneil Engine">Kinneil Engine</a> (1768)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Old Bess</i></a> (1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheal_Busy" title="Wheal Busy">Chacewater Mine engine</a> (1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smethwick_Engine" title="Smethwick Engine">Smethwick Engine</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_(beam_engine)" title="Resolution (beam engine)"><i>Resolution</i></a> (1781)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine#Rotative_beam_engines" title="Beam engine">Rotative beam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soho_Manufactory#Steam_engines" title="Soho Manufactory">Soho Manufactory engine</a> (1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkinson_(industrialist)#Boring_machine_for_steam_engines" title="John Wilkinson (industrialist)">Bradley Works engine</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitbread_Engine" title="Whitbread Engine">Whitbread Engine</a> (1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine#Preserved_beam_engines" title="Beam engine">National Museum of Scotland engine</a> (1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_Engine" title="Lap Engine">Lap Engine</a> (1788)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine#High-pressure_engines" title="History of the steam engine">High-pressure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#High-pressure_engine" title="Richard Trevithick">Richard Trevithick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#Puffing_Devil" title="Richard Trevithick"><i>Puffing Devil</i></a> (1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#London_Steam_Carriage" title="Richard Trevithick">London Steam Carriage</a> (1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#Coalbrookdale_Locomotive" title="Richard Trevithick">"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"</a> (1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive" title="Richard Trevithick">"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive</a> (1804)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Woolf" title="Arthur Woolf">Woolf's compound engine</a> (1803)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Murray" title="Matthew Murray">Murray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray%27s_Hypocycloidal_Engine" title="Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine">Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine</a> (1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(locomotive)" title="Salamanca (locomotive)"><i>Salamanca</i></a> (1812)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_steam_engine" title="High-speed steam engine">High-speed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porter-Allen_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Porter-Allen engine">Porter-Allen</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_turbine" title="Ljungström turbine">Ljungström</a> (1908)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_steam_locomotive_components" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of steam locomotive components">Glossary of steam locomotive components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_steam_road_vehicles" title="History of steam road vehicles">History of steam road vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot#The_first_self-propelled_vehicle" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Cugnot's <i>fardier à vapeur</i></a> (1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch#Steam_powered_locomotion" title="William Murdoch">Murdoch's model steam carriage</a> (1784)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lean%27s_Engine_Reporter" title="Lean's Engine Reporter">Lean's Engine Reporter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steam_technology_patents" title="List of steam technology patents">List of steam technology patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_steam_technology" title="Advanced steam technology">Modern steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stationary_steam_engine" title="Stationary steam engine">Stationary steam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_steam_power" title="Timeline of steam power">Timeline of steam power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-returning_engine" title="Water-returning engine">Water-returning engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&oldid=1174772833">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Bess_(beam_engine)&oldid=1174772833</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Preserved_beam_engines" title="Category:Preserved beam 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