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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adulthood_and_early_career:_1951–1961" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adulthood_and_early_career:_1951–1961"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Adulthood and early career: 1951–1961 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adulthood_and_early_career:_1951–1961-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_to_Caged_Bird:_1961–1969" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_to_Caged_Bird:_1961–1969"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Africa to Caged Bird: 1961–1969 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_to_Caged_Bird:_1961–1969-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Later career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronology_of_autobiographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology_of_autobiographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Chronology of autobiographies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology_of_autobiographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reception and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Critical reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_in_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_in_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Uses in education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses_in_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Poetry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_genre_in_autobiographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_genre_in_autobiographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Style and genre in autobiographies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_genre_in_autobiographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Maya Angelou</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" > 106 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88" title="مايا أنجيلو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايا أنجيلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Մայա Անճելու – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մայա Անճելու" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="মায়া এঞ্জেলো – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মায়া এঞ্জেলো" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Anjelu" title="Maya Anjelu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maya Anjelu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88" title="مایا آنجلو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایا آنجلو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="মায়া অ্যাঞ্জেলো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মায়া অ্যাঞ্জেলো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Мая Энджэлаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мая Энджэлаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Мая Анджелоу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мая Анджелоу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μάγια Αγγέλου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάγια Αγγέλου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88" title="مایا آنجلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایا آنجلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%95%BC_%EC%95%A4%EC%A0%88%EB%A1%9C" title="마야 앤절로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마야 앤절로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1_%D4%B7%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Մայա Էնջելոու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայա Էնջելոու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95" title="מאיה אנג'לו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאיה אנג'לו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="მაია ენჯელოუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაია ენჯელოუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meija_End%C5%BEelu" title="Meija Endželu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meija Endželu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="माया एन्जोलो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="माया एन्जोलो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Маја Енџелоу – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маја Енџелоу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B" title="മായ ആഞ്ചലോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മായ ആഞ്ചലോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="माया एंजेलो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माया एंजेलो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="მაია ენჯელოუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაია ენჯელოუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88" title="مايا انجيلو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايا انجيلو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="माया एन्जोलो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माया एन्जोलो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A6" title="マヤ・アンジェロウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マヤ・アンジェロウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B" title="ମାୟା ଏଞ୍ଜେଲୋ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାୟା ଏଞ୍ଜେଲୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B" title="ਮਾਇਆ ਐਂਜਲੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਇਆ ਐਂਜਲੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88" title="مايا انجيلو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مايا انجيلو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Энджелоу, Майя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энджелоу, Майя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%88%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D" title="මායියා ඈන්ජලෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මායියා ඈන්ජලෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maja_And%C5%BEelou" title="Maja Andželou – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Maja Andželou" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maya Angelou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li 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For the English folk rock band, see <a href="/wiki/Angelou_(band)" title="Angelou (band)">Angelou (band)</a>. For the crater on Mercury, see <a href="/wiki/Angelou_(crater)" title="Angelou (crater)">Angelou (crater)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Maya Angelou</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angelou in 1993"><img alt="Angelou in 1993" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/220px-Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/440px-Angelou_at_Clinton_inauguration_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Angelou in 1993</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Marguerite Annie Johnson (1928-04-04)April 4, 1928 <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">May 28, 2014(2014-05-28) (aged 86) <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1280115419">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlistoxford{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li,.mw-parser-output .andlist li,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .andlist li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:" and "}.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:", and "}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Writer</li><li>poet</li><li>civil rights activist</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1951–2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1280115419" /><ul class="cslist"><li>Memoir</li><li>poetry</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Tosh Angelos</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1954)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_du_Feu" title="Paul du Feu">Paul du Feu</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1974; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1983)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/150px-Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/225px-Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/300px-Maya_Angelou_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="661" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayaangelou.com">www.mayaangelou.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Maya Angelou (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈændʒəloʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bb\/En-us-Maya_Angelou.ogg\/En-us-Maya_Angelou.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Maya Angelou.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/En-us-Maya_Angelou.ogg/En-us-Maya_Angelou.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Maya_Angelou.ogg" title="File:En-us-Maya Angelou.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AN-jə-loh</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American memoirist, poet, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights activist">civil rights activist</a>. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and is credited with a list of plays, movies, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees.<a href="#cite_note-whosehonor-3">[3]</a> Angelou's series of seven autobiographies focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first, <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a> (1969), tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim. She became a poet and writer after a string of odd jobs during her young adulthood. These included fry cook, <a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">sex worker</a>, nightclub performer, <a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a> cast member, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a> coordinator, and correspondent in Egypt and Ghana during the <a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">decolonization of Africa</a>. Angelou was also an actress, writer, director, and producer of plays, movies, and public television programs. In 1982, she was named the first Reynolds Professor of American Studies at <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem</a>, North Carolina. Angelou was active in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> and worked with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>. Beginning in the 1990s, she made approximately 80 appearances a year on the <a href="/wiki/Lecture_circuit" title="Lecture circuit">lecture circuit</a>, something she continued into her eighties. In 1993, Angelou recited her poem "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a>" (1993) at the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">first inauguration of Bill Clinton</a>, making her the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">inauguration of John F. Kennedy</a> in 1961. With the publication of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou publicly discussed aspects of her personal life. She was respected as a spokesperson for Black people and women, and her works have been considered a defense of Black culture. Her works are widely used in schools and universities worldwide, although attempts have been made to ban her books from some U.S. libraries. Angelou's most celebrated works have been labeled as <a href="/wiki/Biography_in_literature#Autobiographical_fiction" title="Biography in literature">autobiographical fiction</a>, but many critics consider them to be autobiographies. She made a deliberate attempt to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the genre. Her books center on themes that include <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a>, identity, family, and travel. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> Marguerite Annie Johnson<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, on April 4, 1928, the younger of two children of Bailey Johnson, a doorman and navy dietitian, and Vivian (née Baxter) Johnson, a nurse and <a href="/wiki/Card_dealer" class="mw-redirect" title="Card dealer">card dealer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lupton-4-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 1]</a> For the first three years of her life, her family lived in her <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou_Birthplace" title="Maya Angelou Birthplace">maternal grandparents home</a>. Angelou's older brother, Bailey Jr., nicknamed Marguerite "Maya", derived from "My" or "Mya Sister".<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> When Angelou was three and her brother four, their parents' "calamitous marriage"<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> ended, and their father sent them to <a href="/wiki/Stamps,_Arkansas" title="Stamps, Arkansas">Stamps</a>, Arkansas, alone by train, to live with their paternal grandmother, Annie Henderson. In "an astonishing exception"<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> to the harsh economics of African Americans of the time, Angelou's grandmother prospered financially during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, because the <a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">general store</a> she owned sold basic and needed commodities and because "she made wise and honest investments".<a href="#cite_note-lupton-4-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[note 2]</a> Four years later, when Angelou was seven and her brother eight, the children's father "came to Stamps without warning"<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> and returned them to their mother's care in St. Louis. At the age of eight, while living with her mother, Angelou was sexually abused and raped by her mother's boyfriend, a man named Freeman. She told her brother, who told the rest of their family. Freeman was found guilty but was jailed for only one day. Four days after his release, he was murdered, probably by Angelou's uncles.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> Angelou became mute for almost five years,<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> believing she was to blame for his death; as she stated: "I thought, my voice killed him; I killed that man, because I told his name. And then I thought I would never speak again, because my voice would kill anyone."<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Ann_Gillespie" title="Marcia Ann Gillespie">Marcia Ann Gillespie</a> and her colleagues, who wrote a biography about Angelou, it was during this period of silence when Angelou developed her extraordinary memory, her love for books and literature, and her ability to listen and observe the world around her.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> To know her life story is to simultaneously wonder what on earth you have been doing with your own life and feel glad that you didn't have to go through half the things she has. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Younge" title="Gary Younge">Gary Younge</a>, 2009<a href="#cite_note-younge2-17">[15]</a></cite></div> </div> Shortly after Freeman's murder, when Angelou was eight and her brother nine, Angelou and her brother were sent back to their grandmother.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> She attended the <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County_Training_School" title="Lafayette County Training School">Lafayette County Training School</a>, in Stamps, a <a href="/wiki/Rosenwald_School" title="Rosenwald School">Rosenwald School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Angelou credits a teacher and friend of her family, Mrs. Bertha Flowers, with helping her speak again, challenging her by saying: "You do not love poetry, not until you speak it."<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> Flowers introduced her to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Douglas_Johnson" title="Georgia Douglas Johnson">Georgia Douglas Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Weldon_Johnson" title="James Weldon Johnson">James Weldon Johnson</a>, authors who would affect Angelou's life and career, as well as Black female artists such as <a href="/wiki/Frances_Harper" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Harper">Frances Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Spencer" title="Anne Spencer">Anne Spencer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jessie_Fauset" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessie Fauset">Jessie Fauset</a>.<a href="#cite_note-angelou-13-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-lupton-15-23">[21]</a> When Angelou was 14 and her brother 15, she and her brother moved in once again with their mother, who had since moved to <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, California. During World War II, Angelou attended the <a href="/wiki/California_Labor_School" title="California Labor School">California Labor School</a>. At the age of 16, she became the first Black female <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> conductor in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown2014-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fernandez2014-27">[25]</a> She wanted the job badly, admiring the uniforms of the operators,<a href="#cite_note-Brown2014-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fernandez2014-27">[25]</a> describing the women in uniform as having “their little money-changing belts and with bibs on their caps and well-fitted uniforms”<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> —so much so that her mother referred to it as her "dream job".<a href="#cite_note-Fernandez2014-27">[25]</a> Her mother encouraged her to pursue the position, but warned her that she would need to arrive early and work harder than others.<a href="#cite_note-Fernandez2014-27">[25]</a> In 2014, Angelou received a lifetime achievement award from the Conference of Minority Transportation Officials as part of a session billed "Women Who Move the Nation".<a href="#cite_note-Brown2014-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fernandez2014-27">[25]</a> Three weeks after completing school, at the age of 17, she gave birth to her son, Clyde (who later changed his name to Guy Johnson).<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adulthood_and_early_career:_1951–1961">Adulthood and early career: 1951–1961</h3></div> In 1951, Angelou married Tosh Angelos, a <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> electrician, former sailor, and aspiring musician, despite the condemnation of interracial relationships at the time and the disapproval of her mother.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[note 3]</a> She took modern dance classes during this time and met dancers and choreographers <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a> and Ruth Beckford. Ailey and Angelou formed a dance team, calling themselves "Al and Rita", and performed <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">modern dance</a> at fraternal Black organizations throughout San Francisco but never became successful.<a href="#cite_note-angelou-95-35">[32]</a> Angelou, her new husband, and her son moved to New York City so she could study <a href="/wiki/African_dance" title="African dance">African dance</a> with Trinidadian dancer <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Primus" title="Pearl Primus">Pearl Primus</a>, but they returned to San Francisco a year later.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calypso_Heat_Wave_(1957)_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Calypso_Heat_Wave_%281957%29_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg/250px-Calypso_Heat_Wave_%281957%29_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Calypso_Heat_Wave_%281957%29_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg/330px-Calypso_Heat_Wave_%281957%29_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Calypso_Heat_Wave_%281957%29_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg/500px-Calypso_Heat_Wave_%281957%29_press_photo_of_Maya_Angelou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>Publicity photo for <a href="/wiki/Calypso_Heat_Wave" title="Calypso Heat Wave">Calypso Heat Wave</a>, 1957</figcaption></figure> After Angelou's marriage ended in 1954, she danced professionally in clubs around San Francisco, including the nightclub <a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Onion" title="The Purple Onion">The Purple Onion</a>, where she sang and danced to <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypso music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> Up to that point, she went by the name of "Marguerite Johnson", or "Rita", but at the strong suggestion of her managers and supporters at The Purple Onion, she changed her professional name to "Maya Angelou" (her nickname and former married surname). It was a "distinctive name"<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> that set her apart and captured the feel of her <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypso</a> dance performances. During 1954 and 1955, Angelou toured Europe with a production of the opera <a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a>. She began her practice of learning the language of every country she visited, and in a few years she gained proficiency in several languages.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> In 1957, riding on the popularity of calypso, Angelou recorded her first album, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Calypso" title="Miss Calypso">Miss Calypso</a>, which was reissued as a CD in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-angelou-95-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-calypso-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> She appeared in an off-Broadway review that inspired the 1957 film <a href="/wiki/Calypso_Heat_Wave" title="Calypso Heat Wave">Calypso Heat Wave</a>, in which Angelou sang and performed her own compositions.<a href="#cite_note-calypso-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[note 4]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[note 5]</a> Angelou met novelist <a href="/wiki/John_Oliver_Killens" title="John Oliver Killens">John Oliver Killens</a> in 1959 and, at his urging, moved to New York to concentrate on her writing career. She joined the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Writers_Guild" title="Harlem Writers Guild">Harlem Writers Guild</a>, where she met several major African American authors, including <a href="/wiki/John_Henrik_Clarke" title="John Henrik Clarke">John Henrik Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Guy" title="Rosa Guy">Rosa Guy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Mayfield" title="Julian Mayfield">Julian Mayfield</a>, and was published for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> In 1960, after meeting civil rights leader <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> and hearing him speak, she and Killens organized "the legendary"<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> Cabaret for Freedom to benefit the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a> (SCLC), and she was named SCLC's Northern Coordinator. According to scholar Lyman B. Hagen, her contributions to civil rights as a fundraiser and SCLC organizer were successful and "eminently effective".<a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> Angelou also began her pro-Castro and <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">anti-apartheid</a> activism during this time, joining the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Play_for_Cuba_Committee" title="Fair Play for Cuba Committee">Fair Play for Cuba Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> She had joined the crowd cheering for <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> when he first entered the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Theresa" title="Hotel Theresa">Hotel Theresa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, New York, during the United Nations 15th General Assembly on September 19, 1960.<a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa_to_Caged_Bird:_1961–1969">Africa to Caged Bird: 1961–1969</h3></div> In 1961, Angelou performed in <a href="/wiki/Jean_Genet" title="Jean Genet">Jean Genet</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/The_Blacks_(play)" title="The Blacks (play)">The Blacks</a> (playing the part of the Queen),<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Lincoln" title="Abbey Lincoln">Abbey Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Lee_Browne" title="Roscoe Lee Browne">Roscoe Lee Browne</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gossett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Gossett">Louis Gossett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Cambridge" title="Godfrey Cambridge">Godfrey Cambridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> Also in 1961, she met South African freedom fighter <a href="/wiki/Vusumzi_Make" title="Vusumzi Make">Vusumzi Make</a>; they never officially married.<a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a> She and her son Guy moved with Make to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, where Angelou worked as an associate editor at the weekly English-language newspaper The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Observer" title="Arab Observer">Arab Observer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> In 1962, her relationship with Make ended, and she and Guy moved to <a href="/wiki/Accra,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Accra, Ghana">Accra, Ghana</a>, so he could attend college, but he was seriously injured in an automobile accident.<a href="#cite_note-57">[note 6]</a> Angelou remained in Accra for his recovery and ended up staying there until 1965. She became an administrator at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghana" title="University of Ghana">University of Ghana</a> and was active in the African American expatriate community.<a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a> She was a feature editor for The African Review,<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a> a freelance writer for the <a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Times" title="Ghanaian Times">Ghanaian Times</a>, wrote and broadcast for Radio Ghana, and worked and performed for Ghana's National Theatre. She performed in a revival of The Blacks in Geneva and Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png/250px-Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png/330px-Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png/340px-Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Henry_Monroe_from_the_1969_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Portrait from the first edition of <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a> (1969)</figcaption></figure>In Accra, she became close friends with <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a> during his visit in the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-62">[note 7]</a> Angelou returned to the U.S. in 1965 to help him build a new civil rights organization, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Afro-American_Unity" title="Organization of Afro-American Unity">Organization of Afro-American Unity</a>; he was assassinated shortly afterward. Devastated and adrift, she joined her brother in Hawaii, where she resumed her singing career. She moved back to Los Angeles to focus on her writing career. Working as a market researcher in <a href="/wiki/Watts,_Los_Angeles" title="Watts, Los Angeles">Watts</a>, Angelou witnessed the <a href="/wiki/Watts_riots" title="Watts riots">riots</a> in the summer of 1965. She acted in and wrote plays and returned to New York in 1967. She met her lifelong friend <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Guy" title="Rosa Guy">Rosa Guy</a> and renewed her friendship with <a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a>, whom she had met in Paris in the 1950s and called "my brother", during this time.<a href="#cite_note-63">[56]</a> Her friend Jerry Purcell provided Angelou with a stipend to support her writing.<a href="#cite_note-64">[57]</a> In 1968, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> asked Angelou to organize a march. She agreed, but postponed again,<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> and in what Gillespie calls "a macabre twist of fate",<a href="#cite_note-gillespie-98-65">[58]</a> he was assassinated on her 40th birthday (April 4).<a href="#cite_note-67">[note 8]</a> Devastated again, she was encouraged out of her depression by her friend James Baldwin. As Gillespie states, "If 1968 was a year of great pain, loss, and sadness, it was also the year when America first witnessed the breadth and depth of Maya Angelou's spirit and creative genius".<a href="#cite_note-gillespie-98-65">[58]</a> Despite having almost no experience, she wrote, produced, and narrated Blacks, Blues, Black!,<a href="#cite_note-68">[60]</a> a ten-part series of documentaries about the connection between <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> music and Black Americans' African heritage, and what Angelou called the "Africanisms still current in the U.S."<a href="#cite_note-69">[61]</a> for <a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">National Educational Television</a>, the precursor of <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. Also in 1968, inspired at a dinner party she attended with Baldwin, cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Jules_Feiffer" title="Jules Feiffer">Jules Feiffer</a>, and his wife Judy, and challenged by <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> editor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loomis" title="Robert Loomis">Robert Loomis</a>, she wrote her first autobiography, <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a>, published in 1969. This brought her international recognition and acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-70">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3></div> Released in 1972, Angelou's <a href="/wiki/Georgia,_Georgia" title="Georgia, Georgia">Georgia, Georgia</a>, produced by a Swedish film company and filmed in Sweden, was the first produced screenplay by a Black woman.<a href="#cite_note-71">[63]</a> She also wrote the film's soundtrack, despite having very little additional input in the filming of the movie.<a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[note 9]</a> Angelou married <a href="/wiki/Paul_du_Feu" title="Paul du Feu">Paul du Feu</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> carpenter and ex-husband of writer <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a>, in San Francisco in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-75">[note 10]</a> Over the next ten years, as Gillespie has stated, "She [Angelou] had accomplished more than many artists hope to achieve in a lifetime."<a href="#cite_note-76">[66]</a> Angelou worked as a composer, writing for singer <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[note 11]</a> and composing movie scores. She wrote articles, short stories, TV scripts, documentaries, autobiographies, and poetry. She produced plays and was named a visiting professor at several colleges and universities. She was "a reluctant actor",<a href="#cite_note-79">[68]</a> and was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> in 1973 for her role in <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kilty" title="Jerome Kilty">Jerome Kilty</a>'s play Look Away.<a href="#cite_note-moore-80">[69]</a> As a theater director, in 1988 she undertook a revival of <a href="/wiki/Errol_John" title="Errol John">Errol John</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/Moon_on_a_Rainbow_Shawl" title="Moon on a Rainbow Shawl">Moon on a Rainbow Shawl</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Almeida_Theatre" title="Almeida Theatre">Almeida Theatre</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-81">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg/250px-Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg/330px-Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg/500px-Portrait_photograph_of_Maya_Angelou_by_Marlene_Callahan_Wallace_from_the_1978_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_And_Still_I_Rise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption>Portrait from the first edition of <a href="/wiki/And_Still_I_Rise" title="And Still I Rise">And Still I Rise</a> (1978)</figcaption></figure> In 1977, Angelou appeared in a supporting role in the television mini-series <a href="/wiki/Roots_(1977_miniseries)" title="Roots (1977 miniseries)">Roots</a>. She was given a multitude of <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Maya_Angelou" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards and nominations received by Maya Angelou">awards</a> during this period, including more than thirty honorary degrees from colleges and universities from all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-moore-80">[69]</a> In the late 1970s, Angelou met <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> when Winfrey was a <a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">TV anchor</a> in Baltimore, Maryland; Angelou would later become Winfrey's close friend and mentor.<a href="#cite_note-83">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[note 12]</a> In 1981, Angelou and du Feu divorced. She returned to the southern United States in 1981 because she felt she had to come to terms with her past there and, despite having no bachelor's degree, accepted the lifetime Reynolds Professorship of <a href="/wiki/American_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="American Studies">American Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>, where she was one of a few full-time African American professors.<a href="#cite_note-86">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-hewlett-87">[75]</a> From that point on, she considered herself "a teacher who writes".<a href="#cite_note-88">[76]</a> Angelou taught a variety of subjects that reflected her interests, including philosophy, ethics, theology, science, theater, and writing.<a href="#cite_note-89">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Winston-Salem_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Winston-Salem Journal">The Winston-Salem Journal</a> reported that even though she made many friends on campus, "she never quite lived down all of the criticism from people who thought she was more of a celebrity than an intellect ... [and] an overpaid figurehead".<a href="#cite_note-hewlett-87">[75]</a> The last course she taught at Wake Forest was in 2011, but she was planning to teach another course in late 2014. Her final speaking engagement at the university was in late 2013.<a href="#cite_note-90">[78]</a> Beginning in the 1990s, Angelou actively participated in the lecture circuit<a href="#cite_note-wordsmith-91">[79]</a> in a customized tour bus, something she continued into her eighties.<a href="#cite_note-younge1-92">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-gillespie-9-93">[81]</a> She also taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a>, and the University of Ghana and was recognized as a Rockefeller Foundation Scholar and a <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> Fellow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraxton19993-94">[82]</a> In 1993, Angelou recited her poem "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a>" at the presidential inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, becoming the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a> at <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s inauguration in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-wordsmith-91">[79]</a> Her recitation resulted in more fame and recognition for her previous works, and broadened her appeal "across racial, economic, and educational boundaries".<a href="#cite_note-95">[83]</a> The recording of the poem won a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[84]</a> In June 1995, she delivered what <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Long" title="Richard A. Long">Richard Long</a> called her "second 'public' poem",<a href="#cite_note-97">[85]</a> entitled "<a href="/wiki/A_Brave_and_Startling_Truth" title="A Brave and Startling Truth">A Brave and Startling Truth</a>", which commemorated the 50th anniversary of the United Nations. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg/275px-Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg/413px-Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg/550px-Maya_Angelou_speech_for_Barack_Obama_campaign_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Angelou speaking at a rally for <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> Angelou achieved her goal of directing a feature film in 1996, <a href="/wiki/Down_in_the_Delta" title="Down in the Delta">Down in the Delta</a>, which featured actors such as <a href="/wiki/Alfre_Woodard" title="Alfre Woodard">Alfre Woodard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Snipes" title="Wesley Snipes">Wesley Snipes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gillespie-144-98">[86]</a> Also in 1996, she collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a> artists <a href="/wiki/Ashford_%26_Simpson" title="Ashford & Simpson">Ashford & Simpson</a> on seven of the eleven tracks of their album Been Found. The album was responsible for three of Angelou's only <a href="/wiki/Billboard_charts" title="Billboard charts">Billboard chart</a> appearances.<a href="#cite_note-billboard-99">[87]</a> In 2000, she created a successful collection of products for <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Cards" title="Hallmark Cards">Hallmark</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Greeting_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeting cards">greeting cards</a> and decorative household items.<a href="#cite_note-100">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[89]</a> She responded to critics who charged her with being too commercial by stating that "the enterprise was perfectly in keeping with her role as 'the people's poet'".<a href="#cite_note-wsjobit-102">[90]</a> More than thirty years after Angelou began writing her life story, she completed her sixth autobiography <a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a>, in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-103">[91]</a> Angelou campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008">in the 2008 presidential primaries</a>, giving her public support to <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80years-66">[59]</a> In the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_primary,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Democratic primary, 2008">January Democratic primary in South Carolina</a>, the Clinton campaign ran ads featuring Angelou's endorsement.<a href="#cite_note-clinton-104">[92]</a> The ads were part of the campaign's efforts to rally support in the Black community;<a href="#cite_note-campaign-105">[93]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> won the South Carolina primary, finishing 29 points ahead of Clinton and taking 80% of the Black vote.<a href="#cite_note-106">[94]</a> When Clinton's campaign ended, Angelou put her support behind Obama,<a href="#cite_note-80years-66">[59]</a> who went on to win <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">the presidential election</a> and become the first African American president of the United States. After Obama's inauguration, she stated, "We are growing up beyond the idiocies of racism and sexism."<a href="#cite_note-107">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_(2423852927).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_%282423852927%29.jpg/250px-Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_%282423852927%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_%282423852927%29.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_%282423852927%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_%282423852927%29.jpg/500px-Hillary_Clinton_and_Maya_Angelou_%282423852927%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption>Angelou and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> at an event in North Carolina in 2008</figcaption></figure>In late 2010, Angelou donated her personal papers and career memorabilia to the <a href="/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture" title="Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[96]</a> They consisted of more than 340 boxes of documents that featured her handwritten notes on yellow legal pads for I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, a 1982 telegram from <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>, fan mail, and personal and professional correspondence from colleagues such as her editor Robert Loomis.<a href="#cite_note-109">[97]</a> In 2011, Angelou served as a consultant for the <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial</a> in Washington, D.C. She spoke out in opposition to a paraphrase of a quotation by King that appeared on the memorial, saying, "The quote makes Dr. Martin Luther King look like an arrogant twit",<a href="#cite_note-110">[98]</a> and demanded that it be changed. Eventually, the paraphrase was removed.<a href="#cite_note-111">[99]</a> In 2013, at the age of 85, Angelou published the seventh volume of autobiography in her series, entitled Mom & Me & Mom, which focuses on her relationship with her mother.<a href="#cite_note-112">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; margin: 0; border: 0; padding: 0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I make writing as much a part of my life as I do eating or listening to music. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Maya Angelou, 1999<a href="#cite_note-113">[101]</a></cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; margin: 0; border: 0; padding: 0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I also wear a hat or a very tightly pulled head tie when I write. I suppose I hope by doing that I will keep my brains from seeping out of my scalp and running in great gray blobs down my neck, into my ears, and over my face. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Maya Angelou, 1984<a href="#cite_note-114">[102]</a></cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; margin: 0; border: 0; padding: 0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Nothing so frightens me as writing, but nothing so satisfies me. It's like a swimmer in the [English] Channel: you face the stingrays and waves and cold and grease, and finally you reach the other shore, and you put your foot on the ground—Aaaahhhh! </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Maya Angelou, 1989<a href="#cite_note-115">[103]</a></cite></div> </div> </blockquote> </div> Evidence suggests that Angelou was partially descended from the <a href="/wiki/Mende_people" title="Mende people">Mende people</a> of West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-116">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[note 13]</a> In 2008, a DNA test revealed that among all of her African ancestors, 45 percent were from the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Basin" title="Congo Basin">Congo</a>-Angola region and 55 percent were from West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-119">[106]</a> A 2008 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> documentary found that Angelou's maternal great-grandmother, Mary Lee, who had been emancipated after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, became pregnant by her white former owner, John Savin. Savin forced Lee to sign a false statement accusing another man of being the father of her child. After Savin was indicted for forcing Lee to commit perjury, and despite the discovery that Savin was the father, a jury found him not guilty. Lee was sent to the Clinton County <a href="/wiki/Poorhouse" title="Poorhouse">poorhouse</a> in Missouri with her daughter, Marguerite Baxter, who became Angelou's grandmother. Angelou described Lee as "that poor little black girl, physically and mentally bruised."<a href="#cite_note-120">[107]</a> The details of Angelou's life described in her seven autobiographies and in numerous interviews, speeches, and articles tended to be inconsistent. Critic Mary Jane Lupton has explained that when Angelou spoke about her life, she did so eloquently, but informally, and "with no time chart in front of her."<a href="#cite_note-121">[108]</a> For example, she was married at least twice, but never clarified the number of times she had been married, "for fear of sounding frivolous."<a href="#cite_note-younge1-92">[80]</a> According to her autobiographies and to Gillespie,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] she married Tosh Angelos in 1951, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_du_Feu" title="Paul du Feu">Paul du Feu</a> in 1974, and began her relationship with Vusumzi Make in 1961, but never formally married him. Angelou held many jobs, including some in the <a href="/wiki/Sex_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex trade">sex trade</a> working as a prostitute and <a href="/wiki/Procuring_(prostitution)" title="Procuring (prostitution)">madam</a> for lesbians, and describes so in her second autobiography, <a href="/wiki/Gather_Together_in_My_Name" title="Gather Together in My Name">Gather Together in My Name</a>. In a 1995 interview, Angelou said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I wrote about my experiences because I thought too many people tell young folks, "I never did anything wrong. Who, Moi? – never I. I have no skeletons in my closet. In fact, I have no closet." They lie like that and then young people find themselves in situations and they think, "Damn I must be a pretty bad guy. My mom or dad never did anything wrong." They can't forgive themselves and go on with their lives.<a href="#cite_note-122">[109]</a></blockquote> Angelou had one son, Guy, whose birth she described in her first autobiography; one grandson, two great-grandchildren,<a href="#cite_note-123">[110]</a> and, according to Gillespie, a large group of friends and extended family.<a href="#cite_note-124">[note 14]</a> Angelou's mother Vivian Baxter died in 1991 and her brother Bailey Johnson Jr., died in 2000 after a series of strokes; both were important figures in her life and her books.<a href="#cite_note-125">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[note 15]</a> In 1981, the mother of her grandson disappeared with him; finding him took four years.<a href="#cite_note-127">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[note 16]</a> Angelou did not earn a university degree, but according to Gillespie it was Angelou's preference to be called "Dr. Angelou" by people outside of her family and close friends. She owned two homes in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and a "lordly brownstone"<a href="#cite_note-younge2-17">[15]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, which was purchased in 2004<a href="#cite_note-newyorkcity-130">[114]</a> and was full of her "growing library"<a href="#cite_note-131">[115]</a> of books she collected throughout her life, artwork collected over the span of many decades, and well-stocked kitchens. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Younge" title="Gary Younge">Gary Younge</a> reported that in Angelou's Harlem home were several African wall hangings and her collection of paintings, including ones of several jazz trumpeters, a watercolor of <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Faith_Ringgold" title="Faith Ringgold">Faith Ringgold</a> work entitled "Maya's Quilt Of Life".<a href="#cite_note-younge2-17">[15]</a> According to Gillespie, she hosted several celebrations per year at her main residence in Winston-Salem; "her skill in the kitchen is the stuff of legend—from <a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">haute cuisine</a> to down-home comfort food".<a href="#cite_note-gillespie-9-93">[81]</a> The Winston-Salem Journal stated: "Securing an invitation to one of Angelou's <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> dinners, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a> decorating parties or birthday parties was among the most coveted invitations in town."<a href="#cite_note-hewlett-87">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, describing Angelou's residence history in New York City, stated that she regularly hosted elaborate New Year's Day parties.<a href="#cite_note-newyorkcity-130">[114]</a> She combined her cooking and writing skills in her 2004 book <a href="/wiki/Hallelujah!_The_Welcome_Table" title="Hallelujah! The Welcome Table">Hallelujah! The Welcome Table</a>, which featured 73 recipes, many of which she learned from her grandmother and mother, accompanied by 28 vignettes.<a href="#cite_note-132">[116]</a> She followed up in 2010 with her second cookbook, <a href="/wiki/Great_Food,_All_Day_Long" title="Great Food, All Day Long">Great Food, All Day Long</a>: Cook Splendidly, Eat Smart, which focused on weight loss and portion control.<a href="#cite_note-133">[117]</a> Beginning with I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou used the same "writing ritual"<a href="#cite_note-lupton-15-23">[21]</a> for many years. She would wake early in the morning and check into a hotel room, where the staff was instructed to remove any pictures from the walls. She would write on legal pads while lying on the bed, with only a bottle of sherry, a deck of cards to play <a href="/wiki/Solitaire_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solitaire (game)">solitaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roget%27s_Thesaurus" title="Roget's Thesaurus">Roget's Thesaurus</a>, and the Bible, and would leave by the early afternoon. She would average 10–12 pages of written material a day, which she edited down to three or four pages in the evening.<a href="#cite_note-134">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[note 17]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[120]</a> She went through this process to "enchant" herself, and as she said in a 1989 interview with the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>, "relive the agony, the anguish, the <a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a>".<a href="#cite_note-bbcinterview-138">[121]</a> She placed herself back in the time she wrote about, even traumatic experiences such as her rape in Caged Bird, to "tell the human truth"<a href="#cite_note-bbcinterview-138">[121]</a> about her life. She was quoted as saying: "The way I deal with any pain is to admit it – let it come."<a href="#cite_note-139">[122]</a> Angelou stated that she played cards to get to that place of enchantment and to access her memories more effectively. She said, "It may take an hour to get into it, but once I'm in it—ha! It's so delicious!"<a href="#cite_note-bbcinterview-138">[121]</a> She did not find the process cathartic; rather, she found relief in "telling the truth".<a href="#cite_note-bbcinterview-138">[121]</a> In 2009, the gossip website <a href="/wiki/TMZ" title="TMZ">TMZ</a> erroneously reported that Angelou had been hospitalized in Los Angeles when she was alive and well in St. Louis, which resulted in rumors of her death and, according to Angelou, concern among her friends and family worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-younge2-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div> Angelou died on the morning of May 28, 2014, at age 86.<a href="#cite_note-140">[123]</a> Although Angelou had been in poor health and had canceled recent scheduled appearances, she was working on another book, an autobiography about her experiences with national and world leaders.<a href="#cite_note-hewlett-87">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsjobit-102">[90]</a> During her memorial service at Wake Forest University, her son Guy Johnson stated that despite being in constant pain due to her dancing career and respiratory failure, she wrote four books during the last ten years of her life. He said, "She left this mortal plane with no loss of acuity and no loss in comprehension."<a href="#cite_note-141">[124]</a> Tributes to Angelou and condolences were paid by artists, entertainers, and world leaders, including President Obama, whose sister was named after Angelou, and Bill Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-wsjobit-102">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCtributes-142">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Augenbraum" title="Harold Augenbraum">Harold Augenbraum</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a>, said that Angelou's "legacy is one that all writers and readers across the world can admire and aspire to."<a href="#cite_note-143">[126]</a> The week after Angelou's death, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings rose to number 1 on <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>'s bestseller list.<a href="#cite_note-wsjobit-102">[90]</a> On May 29, 2014, Mount Zion Baptist Church in Winston-Salem, of which Angelou was a member for 30 years, held a public memorial service to honor her.<a href="#cite_note-WBTV-144">[127]</a> On June 7, a private memorial service was held at <a href="/wiki/Wait_Chapel" title="Wait Chapel">Wait Chapel</a> on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem. The memorial was shown live on local stations in the Winston-Salem/Triad area and streamed live on the university web site with speeches from her son, Oprah Winfrey, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>, and Bill Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-service-145">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-stream-146">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[131]</a> On June 15, a memorial was held at <a href="/wiki/Glide_Memorial_Church" title="Glide Memorial Church">Glide Memorial Church</a> in San Francisco, where Angelou was a member for many years. Rev. <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Williams_(pastor)" title="Cecil Williams (pastor)">Cecil Williams</a>, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ed_Lee_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Lee (politician)">Ed Lee</a>, and former mayor <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a> spoke.<a href="#cite_note-149">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_Angelou_works" title="List of Maya Angelou works">List of Maya Angelou works</a></div> Angelou wrote a total of seven autobiographies. According to scholar Mary Jane Lupton, Angelou's third autobiography <a href="/wiki/Singin%27_and_Swingin%27_and_Gettin%27_Merry_Like_Christmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas">Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas</a> marked the first time a well-known African American autobiographer had written a third volume about her life.<a href="#cite_note-150">[133]</a> Her books "stretch over time and place", from Arkansas to Africa and back to the U.S., and take place from the beginnings of World War II to the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[134]</a> In her fifth autobiography, <a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes" title="All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes">All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes</a> (1986), Angelou tells about her return to Ghana searching for the past of her tribe.<a href="#cite_note-152">[135]</a> She published her seventh autobiography <a href="/wiki/Mom_%26_Me_%26_Mom" title="Mom & Me & Mom">Mom & Me & Mom</a> in 2013, at the age of 85.<a href="#cite_note-153">[136]</a> Critics have tended to judge Angelou's subsequent autobiographies in light of the first,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] with Caged Bird receiving the highest praise. Angelou wrote five collections of essays, which writer <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Als" title="Hilton Als">Hilton Als</a> called her "wisdom books" and "homilies strung together with autobiographical texts".<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> Angelou used the same editor throughout her writing career, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loomis" title="Robert Loomis">Robert Loomis</a>, an executive editor at <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>; he retired in 2011<a href="#cite_note-154">[137]</a> and has been called "one of publishing's hall of fame editors."<a href="#cite_note-155">[138]</a> Angelou said regarding Loomis: "We have a relationship that's kind of famous among publishers."<a href="#cite_note-156">[139]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> All my work, my life, everything I do is about survival, not just bare, awful, plodding survival, but survival with grace and faith. While one may encounter many defeats, one must not be defeated. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Maya Angelou<a href="#cite_note-157">[140]</a></cite></div> </div> Angelou's long and extensive career also included poetry, plays, screenplays for television and film, directing, acting, and public speaking. She was a prolific writer of poetry; her volume <a href="/wiki/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie" title="Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie">Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie</a> (1971) was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>, and she was chosen by U.S. president Bill Clinton to recite her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" during his inauguration in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-wordsmith-91">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-moyer-158">[141]</a> Angelou's successful acting career included roles in numerous plays, films, and television programs, among them her appearance in the television mini-series <a href="/wiki/Roots_(1977_miniseries)" title="Roots (1977 miniseries)">Roots</a> in 1977. Her screenplay, Georgia, Georgia (1972), was the first original script by a Black woman to be produced, and she was the first African American woman to direct a major motion picture, Down in the Delta, in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-gillespie-144-98">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology_of_autobiographies">Chronology of autobiographies</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a> (1969): Up to 1944 (age 17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gather_Together_in_My_Name" title="Gather Together in My Name">Gather Together in My Name</a> (1974): 1944–48</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singin%27_and_Swingin%27_and_Gettin%27_Merry_Like_Christmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas">Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas</a> (1976): 1949–55</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Woman" title="The Heart of a Woman">The Heart of a Woman</a> (1981): 1957–62</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes" title="All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes">All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes</a> (1986): 1962–65</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a> (2002): 1965–68</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom_%26_Me_%26_Mom" title="Mom & Me & Mom">Mom & Me & Mom</a> (2013): overview</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_legacy">Reception and legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angelou_Obama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Angelou_Obama.jpg/220px-Angelou_Obama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Angelou_Obama.jpg/330px-Angelou_Obama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Angelou_Obama.jpg/440px-Angelou_Obama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="1248" /></a><figcaption>U.S. president Barack Obama presenting Angelou with the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> When I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings was published in 1969, Angelou was hailed as a new kind of memoirist, one of the first African American women who were able to publicly discuss their personal lives. According to scholar Hilton Als, up to that point, Black female writers were marginalized to the point that they were unable to present themselves as central characters in the literature they wrote.<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> Linguist <a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a> agreed, seeing Angelou's works, which he called "tracts", as "apologetic writing". He placed Angelou in the tradition of African American literature as a defense of Black culture, which he called "a literary manifestation of the imperative that reigned in the black scholarship of the period".<a href="#cite_note-mcwhorter-40-159">[142]</a> Writer Julian Mayfield, who called Caged Bird "a work of art that eludes description",<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> argued that Angelou's autobiographies set a precedent for not only other Black women writers, but also African American autobiography as a whole. Als said that Caged Bird marked one of the first times that a Black autobiographer could, as he put it, "write about blackness from the inside, without apology or defense".<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> Through the writing of her autobiography, Angelou became recognized and highly respected as a spokesperson for Blacks and women.<a href="#cite_note-braxton-4-160">[143]</a> It made her "without a doubt, ... America's most visible black woman autobiographer",<a href="#cite_note-braxton-4-160">[143]</a> and "a major autobiographical voice of the time".<a href="#cite_note-161">[144]</a> As writer Gary Younge said, "Probably more than almost any other writer alive, Angelou's life literally is her work."<a href="#cite_note-younge1-92">[80]</a> Als said that Caged Bird helped increase Black <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> writings in the 1970s, less through its originality than "its resonance in the prevailing <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">Zeitgeist</a>",<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> or the time in which it was written, at the end of the American <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>. Als also claimed that Angelou's writings, more interested in self-revelation than in politics or feminism, have freed other female writers to "open themselves up without shame to the eyes of the world".<a href="#cite_note-als-46">[41]</a> Angelou critic <a href="/wiki/Joanne_M._Braxton" class="mw-redirect" title="Joanne M. Braxton">Joanne M. Braxton</a> stated that Caged Bird was "perhaps the most aesthetically pleasing" autobiography written by an African American woman in its era.<a href="#cite_note-braxton-4-160">[143]</a> Angelou's poetry has influenced the modern <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop music">hip-hop music</a> community, including artists such as <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicki_Minaj" title="Nicki Minaj">Nicki Minaj</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h3></div> Reviewer <a href="/wiki/Elsie_B._Washington" title="Elsie B. Washington">Elsie B. Washington</a> called Angelou "the black woman's poet laureate".<a href="#cite_note-washington-163">[146]</a> Sales of the paperback version of her books and poetry rose by 300–600% the week after Angelou's recitation. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, which published the poem later that year, had to reprint 400,000 copies of all her books to keep up with the demand. They sold more of her books in January 1993 than they did in all of 1992, accounting for a 1,200% increase.<a href="#cite_note-164">[147]</a> Angelou famously said, in response to criticism regarding using the details of her life in her work, "I agree with <a href="/wiki/Balzac" class="mw-redirect" title="Balzac">Balzac</a> and 19th-century writers, black and white, who say, 'I write for money'."<a href="#cite_note-younge1-92">[80]</a> Younge, speaking after the publication of Angelou's third book of essays, <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_My_Daughter" title="Letter to My Daughter">Letter to My Daughter</a> (2008), has said, "For the last couple of decades she has merged her various talents into a kind of performance art—issuing a message of personal and social uplift by blending poetry, song and conversation."<a href="#cite_note-younge2-17">[15]</a> Angelou's books, especially I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, have been criticized by many parents, causing their removal from school curricula and library shelves. According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Against_Censorship" title="National Coalition Against Censorship">National Coalition Against Censorship</a>, some parents and some schools have objected to Caged Bird's depictions of lesbianism, premarital cohabitation, pornography, and violence.<a href="#cite_note-165">[148]</a> Some have been critical of the book's sexually explicit scenes, use of language, and irreverent depictions of religion.<a href="#cite_note-166">[149]</a> Caged Bird appeared third on the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> (ALA) list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000 and sixth on the ALA's 2000–2009 list.<a href="#cite_note-167">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_received_by_Maya_Angelou" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors received by Maya Angelou">List of honors received by Maya Angelou</a></div> Angelou was honored by universities, literary organizations, government agencies, and special interest groups. Her honors included a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> nomination for her book of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie,<a href="#cite_note-moyer-158">[141]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> nomination for her role in the 1973 play Look Away, and three <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammys</a> for her spoken-word albums.<a href="#cite_note-169">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[153]</a> She served on two presidential committees,<a href="#cite_note-poetry-171">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[155]</a> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal</a> in 1994,<a href="#cite_note-173">[156]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> in 2000,<a href="#cite_note-174">[157]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-175">[158]</a> Angelou was awarded more than fifty honorary degrees.<a href="#cite_note-whosehonor-3">[3]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> announced that Angelou would be among the first women depicted on the reverse of the <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter</a> as a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-176">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[160]</a> The coins were released in January 2022. She is the first Black woman to be depicted on a quarter.<a href="#cite_note-178">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uses_in_education">Uses in education</h3></div> Angelou's autobiographies have been used in narrative and multicultural approaches in <a href="/wiki/Teacher_education" title="Teacher education">teacher education</a>. Jocelyn A. Glazier, a professor at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, has trained teachers how to "talk about race" in their classrooms with I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Gather Together in My Name. According to Glazier, Angelou's use of understatement, self-mockery, humor, and irony have left readers of Angelou's autobiographies unsure of what she left out and how they should respond to the events she described. Angelou's depictions of her experiences of racism have forced white readers to either explore their feelings about race and their own "privileged status", or to avoid the discussion as a means of keeping their privilege. Glazier found that critics have focused on the way Angelou fits within the genre of African American autobiography and on her <a href="/wiki/Literary_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary techniques">literary techniques</a>, but readers have tended to react to her storytelling with "surprise, particularly when [they] enter the text with certain expectations about the genre of autobiography".<a href="#cite_note-179">[162]</a> Educator Daniel Challener, in his 1997 book Stories of Resilience in Childhood, analyzed the events in Caged Bird to illustrate resiliency in children. He argued that Angelou's book has provided a "useful framework" for exploring the obstacles many children like Maya have faced and how their communities have helped them succeed.<a href="#cite_note-180">[163]</a> Psychologist Chris Boyatzis has reported using Caged Bird to supplement scientific theory and research in the instruction of <a href="/wiki/Child_development" title="Child development">child development</a> topics such as the development of self-concept and self-esteem, ego resilience, industry versus inferiority, effects of abuse, parenting styles, sibling and friendship relations, gender issues, cognitive development, puberty, and identity formation in adolescence. He found Caged Bird a "highly effective" tool for providing real-life examples of these psychological concepts.<a href="#cite_note-181">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetry">Poetry</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Maya_Angelou" title="Poetry of Maya Angelou">Poetry of Maya Angelou</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg/220px-Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg/330px-Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg/440px-Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Angelou with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Feelings" title="Tom Feelings">Tom Feelings</a>, who illustrated <a href="/wiki/Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song" title="Now Sheba Sings the Song">Now Sheba Sings the Song</a>, her 1987 book of poetry.</figcaption></figure> Angelou is best known for her seven autobiographies, but she was also a prolific and successful poet. She was called "the black woman's poet laureate", and her poems have been called the anthems of African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-washington-163">[146]</a> Angelou studied and began writing poetry at a young age, and used poetry and other great literature to cope with her rape as a young girl, as described in Caged Bird.<a href="#cite_note-angelou-13-21">[19]</a> According to scholar Yasmin Y. DeGout, literature also affected Angelou's sensibilities as the poet and writer she became, especially the "liberating discourse that would evolve in her own poetic canon".<a href="#cite_note-182">[165]</a> Many critics consider Angelou's autobiographies more important than her poetry.<a href="#cite_note-183">[166]</a> Although all her books have been bestsellers, her poetry has not been perceived to be as serious as her prose and has been understudied.<a href="#cite_note-lupton-4-5">[5]</a> Her poems were more interesting when she recited and performed them, and many critics emphasized the public aspect of her poetry.<a href="#cite_note-184">[167]</a> Angelou's lack of critical acclaim has been attributed to both the public nature of many of her poems and to Angelou's popular success, and to critics' preferences for poetry as a written form rather than a verbal, performed one.<a href="#cite_note-185">[168]</a> Zofia Burr has countered Angelou's critics by condemning them for not taking into account Angelou's larger purposes in her writing: "to be representative rather than individual, authoritative rather than confessional".<a href="#cite_note-186">[169]</a> In the view of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>, Professor of Literature (Yale University and New York University) and literary critic: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Her poetry has a large public, but very little critical esteem. It is, in every sense, "popular poetry," and makes no formal or cognitive demands upon the reader. Of Angelou's sincerity, good-will towards all, and personal vitality, there can be no doubt. She is professionally an inspirational writer, of the self-help variety, which perhaps places her beyond criticism. [...] Angelou seems best at ballads, the most traditional kind of popular poetry. The function of such work is necessarily social rather than aesthetic, particularly in an era totally dominated by visual media. One has to be grateful for the benignity, humor, and whole-heartedness of Angelou's project, even if her autobiographical prose necessarily centers her achievement.<a href="#cite_note-187">[170]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_genre_in_autobiographies">Style and genre in autobiographies</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Themes_in_Maya_Angelou%27s_autobiographies" title="Themes in Maya Angelou's autobiographies">Themes in Maya Angelou's autobiographies</a></div> Angelou's use of fiction-writing techniques such as dialogue, characterization, and development of theme, setting, plot, and language has often resulted in the placement of her books into the genre of <a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographical fiction">autobiographical fiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[171]</a> Angelou made a deliberate attempt in her books to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the genre.<a href="#cite_note-189">[172]</a> Scholar Mary Jane Lupton argues that all of Angelou's autobiographies conform to the genre's standard structure: they are written by a single author, they are chronological, and they contain elements of character, technique, and theme.<a href="#cite_note-190">[173]</a> Angelou recognizes that there are fictional aspects to her books; Lupton agrees, stating that Angelou tended to "diverge from the conventional notion of autobiography as truth",<a href="#cite_note-lupton-34-191">[174]</a> which parallels the conventions of much of African American autobiography written during the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> period of U.S. history, when as both Lupton and African American scholar Crispin Sartwell put it, the truth was censored out of the need for self-protection.<a href="#cite_note-lupton-34-191">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[175]</a> Scholar Lyman B. Hagen places Angelou in the long tradition of African American autobiography but claims that Angelou created a unique interpretation of the autobiographical form.<a href="#cite_note-193">[176]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg/250px-Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg/330px-Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg/500px-Maya_Angelou_visits_YCP_Feb_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="2998" /></a><figcaption>Angelou at <a href="/wiki/York_College_of_Pennsylvania" title="York College of Pennsylvania">York College</a> in February 2013</figcaption></figure> According to African American literature scholar Pierre A. Walker, the challenge for much of the history of African American literature was that its authors have had to confirm its status as literature before they could accomplish their political goals, which was why Angelou's editor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loomis" title="Robert Loomis">Robert Loomis</a> was able to dare her into writing Caged Bird by challenging her to write an autobiography that could be considered "high art".<a href="#cite_note-Walker-194">[177]</a> Angelou acknowledged that she followed the slave narrative tradition of "speaking in the first-person singular talking about the first-person plural, always saying I meaning 'we'".<a href="#cite_note-poetry-171">[154]</a> Scholar <a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a> calls Angelou's books "tracts"<a href="#cite_note-mcwhorter-40-159">[142]</a> that defend African American culture and fight negative stereotypes. According to McWhorter, Angelou structured her books, which to him seem to be written more for children than for adults, to support her defense of Black culture. McWhorter sees Angelou as she depicts herself in her autobiographies "as a kind of stand-in figure for the Black American in Troubled Times".<a href="#cite_note-mcwhorter-40-159">[142]</a> McWhorter views Angelou's works as dated but recognizes that "she has helped to pave the way for contemporary black writers who are able to enjoy the luxury of being merely individuals, no longer representatives of the race, only themselves".<a href="#cite_note-195">[178]</a> Scholar Lynn Z. Bloom compares Angelou's works to the writings of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, stating that both fulfilled the same purpose: to describe Black culture and to interpret it for their wider, white audiences.<a href="#cite_note-196">[179]</a> According to scholar Sondra O'Neale, Angelou's poetry can be placed within the African American oral tradition, and her prose "follows classic technique in nonpoetic Western forms".<a href="#cite_note-197">[180]</a> O'Neale states that Angelou avoided using a "monolithic Black language",<a href="#cite_note-oneale-34-198">[181]</a> and accomplished, through direct dialogue, what O'Neale calls a "more expected ghetto expressiveness".<a href="#cite_note-oneale-34-198">[181]</a> McWhorter finds both the language Angelou used in her autobiographies and the people she depicted unrealistic, resulting in a separation between her and her audience. As McWhorter states, "I have never read autobiographical writing where I had such a hard time summoning a sense of how the subject talks, or a sense of who the subject really is".<a href="#cite_note-199">[182]</a> McWhorter asserts, for example, that key figures in Angelou's books, like herself, her son Guy, and mother Vivian do not speak as one would expect, and that their speech is "cleaned up" for her readers.<a href="#cite_note-200">[183]</a> Guy, for example, represents the young Black male, while Vivian represents the idealized mother figure, and the stiff language they use, as well as the language in Angelou's text, is intended to prove that Blacks can use standard English competently.<a href="#cite_note-201">[184]</a> McWhorter recognizes that much of the reason for Angelou's style was the "apologetic" nature of her writing.<a href="#cite_note-mcwhorter-40-159">[142]</a> When Angelou wrote Caged Bird at the end of the 1960s, one of the necessary and accepted features of literature at the time was "organic unity", and one of her goals was to create a book that satisfied that criterion.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-194">[177]</a> The events in her books were episodic and crafted like a series of short stories, but their arrangements did not follow a strict chronology. Instead, they were placed to emphasize the <a href="/wiki/Themes_in_Maya_Angelou%27s_autobiographies" title="Themes in Maya Angelou's autobiographies">themes of her books</a>, which include racism, identity, family, and travel. English literature scholar <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Sayers" title="Valerie Sayers">Valerie Sayers</a> has asserted that "Angelou's poetry and prose are similar". They both rely on her "direct voice", which alternates steady rhythms with <a href="/wiki/Syncopated" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncopated">syncopated</a> patterns and uses similes and metaphors (e.g., the caged bird).<a href="#cite_note-202">[185]</a> According to Hagen, Angelou's works were influenced by both conventional literary and the oral traditions of the African American community. For example, she referenced more than 100 literary characters throughout her books and poetry.<a href="#cite_note-203">[186]</a> In addition, she used the elements of <a href="/wiki/Blues_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Blues music">blues music</a>, including the act of testimony when speaking of one's life and struggles, ironic understatement, and the use of natural metaphors, rhythms, and intonations.<a href="#cite_note-204">[187]</a> Angelou, instead of depending upon plot, used personal and historical events to shape her books.<a href="#cite_note-205">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Angelou wrote about Vivian Baxter's life and their relationship in <a href="/wiki/Mom_%26_Me_%26_Mom" title="Mom & Me & Mom">Mom & Me & Mom</a> (2013), her final installment in her series of seven autobiographies. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> According to Angelou, Annie Henderson built her business with food stalls catering to Black workers, which eventually developed into a store.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> The correct Greek spelling of Angelou's husband name is probably "Anastasios Angelopoulos".<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Reviewer John M. Miller calls Angelou's performance of her song "All That Happens in the Marketplace" the "most genuine musical moment in the film".<a href="#cite_note-calypso-40">[37]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> In Angelou's third book of essays, <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_My_Daughter" title="Letter to My Daughter">Letter to My Daughter</a> (2009), she credits Cuban artist <a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a> as one of the greatest influences of her singing career, and later, credits Cruz for the effectiveness and impact of Angelou's poetry performances and readings.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Guy Johnson, who as a result of this accident in Accra and one in the late 1960s, underwent a series of spinal surgeries. He, like his mother, became a writer and poet.<a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Angelou called her friendship with Malcolm X "a brother/sister relationship".<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Angelou did not celebrate her birthday for many years, choosing instead to send flowers to King's widow <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80years-66">[59]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> See Mom & Me & Mom, pp. 168–178, for a description of Angelou's experience in Stockholm. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Angelou described their marriage, which she called "made in heaven",<a href="#cite_note-74">[65]</a> in her second book of essays <a href="/wiki/Even_the_Stars_Look_Lonesome" title="Even the Stars Look Lonesome">Even the Stars Look Lonesome</a> (1997). </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Angelou co-wrote "And So It Goes" on Flack's 1988 album <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(Roberta_Flack_album)" title="Oasis (Roberta Flack album)">Oasis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Angelou dedicated her 1993 book of essays <a href="/wiki/Wouldn%27t_Take_Nothing_for_My_Journey_Now" title="Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now">Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now</a> to Winfrey.<a href="#cite_note-84">[73]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> In her fifth autobiography <a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes" title="All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes">All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes</a> (1987), Angelou recounts being identified, on the basis of her appearance, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Bambara_people" title="Bambara people">Bambara people</a>, a subset of the Mande.<a href="#cite_note-117">[105]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> See Gillespie et al., pp. 153–175. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Angelou describes her brother's addiction to heroin in Mom & Me & Mom, pp. 189–194. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> In Angelou's essay, "My Grandson, Home at Last", published in <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Day" title="Woman's Day">Woman's Day</a> in 1986, she describes the kidnapping and her response to it.<a href="#cite_note-128">[113]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> In Letter to My Daughter (2009), Angelou's third book of essays, she related the first time she used legal pads to write.<a href="#cite_note-135">[119]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217043543/http://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/angelou_maya/pronun.html">"Maya Angelou"</a>. 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"Maya Angelou". Parting the Curtains: Interviews with Southern Writers. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair Publisher. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89587-116-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89587-116-9"><bdi>978-0-89587-116-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou&rft.btitle=Parting+the+Curtains%3A+Interviews+with+Southern+Writers&rft.place=Winston-Salem%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=John+F.+Blair+Publisher&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-89587-116-9&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Dannye+Romine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-angelou-95-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-angelou-95_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-angelou-95_35-1">b</a> Angelou (1993), p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Gillespie et al., pp. 36–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Gillespie et al., p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Gillespie et al., p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Hagen, pp. 91–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-calypso-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calypso_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-calypso_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-calypso_40-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller" class="citation web cs1">Miller, John M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/290605%7C0/Calypso-Heat-Wave.html">"Calypso Heat Wave"</a>. 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Retrieved November 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+celebrates+her+80+years+of+pain+and+joy&rft.date=2008-03-26&rft.aulast=Minzesheimer&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Fbooks%2Fnews%2F2008-03-26-maya-angelou_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> All 10 episodes of Blacks, Blues, Black! can be <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/10287">viewed online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123161704/https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/10287">Archived</a> January 23, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Bay Area Television Archive, diva.sfsu.edu. 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Jet Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915112627/http://trendmag2.trendoffset.com/publication/?i=51395&p=14">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet+Magazine&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+Donates+Private+Collection+to+Schomburg+Center+in+Harlem&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=Clarence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrendmag2.trendoffset.com%2Fpublication%2F%3Fi%3D51395%26p%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2010" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Felicia R. (October 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/27/arts/design/27archive.html">"Schomburg Center in Harlem Acquires Maya Angelou Archive"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710132833/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/27/arts/design/27archive.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Schomburg+Center+in+Harlem+Acquires+Maya+Angelou+Archive&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Felicia+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F27%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F27archive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeingartenRuane2011" class="citation news cs1">Weingarten, Gene; Ruane, Michael E. (August 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/maya-angelou-says-king-memorial-inscription-makes-him-look-arrogant/2011/08/30/gIQAlYChqJ_story.html">"Maya Angelou says King memorial inscription makes him look 'arrogant'"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125042259/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/maya-angelou-says-king-memorial-inscription-makes-him-look-arrogant/2011/08/30/gIQAlYChqJ_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+says+King+memorial+inscription+makes+him+look+%27arrogant%27&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft.aulast=Weingarten&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.au=Ruane%2C+Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fmaya-angelou-says-king-memorial-inscription-makes-him-look-arrogant%2F2011%2F08%2F30%2FgIQAlYChqJ_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuane2011" class="citation news cs1">Ruane, Michael E. (December 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/controversial-king-memorial-inscription-set-to-be-erased-not-replaced/2012/12/11/41f2f8b6-43cc-11e2-8e70-e1993528222d_story.html">"Controversial King memorial inscription to be removed, not replaced"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013113935/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/controversial-king-memorial-inscription-set-to-be-erased-not-replaced/2012/12/11/41f2f8b6-43cc-11e2-8e70-e1993528222d_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Controversial+King+memorial+inscription+to+be+removed%2C+not+replaced&rft.date=2011-12-11&rft.aulast=Ruane&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fcontroversial-king-memorial-inscription-set-to-be-erased-not-replaced%2F2012%2F12%2F11%2F41f2f8b6-43cc-11e2-8e70-e1993528222d_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSayers2013" class="citation news cs1">Sayers, Valerie (March 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911041900/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-27/entertainment/38068625_1_angelou-vivian-baxter-new-book">"'Mom & Me & Mom,' by Maya Angelou"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-27/entertainment/38068625_1_angelou-vivian-baxter-new-book">the original</a> on September 11, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Mom+%26+Me+%26+Mom%2C%27+by+Maya+Angelou&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.washingtonpost.com%2F2013-03-27%2Fentertainment%2F38068625_1_angelou-vivian-baxter-new-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Tate, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAngelou1984" class="citation book cs1">Angelou, Maya (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackwomenwriter00evan/page/5">"Shades and Slashes of Light"</a>. In Evans, Mari (ed.). Black Women Writers (1950–1980): A Critical Evaluation. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackwomenwriter00evan/page/5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-17124-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-17124-3"><bdi>978-0-385-17124-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shades+and+Slashes+of+Light&rft.btitle=Black+Women+Writers+%281950%E2%80%931980%29%3A+A+Critical+Evaluation&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-385-17124-3&rft.aulast=Angelou&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackwomenwriter00evan%2Fpage%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Toppman, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGates,_Jr.2008" class="citation web cs1">Gates, Jr., Henry L. (host) (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/">"African American Lives 2: The Past is Another Country (Part 4)"</a>. PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220214934/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+American+Lives+2%3A+The+Past+is+Another+Country+%28Part+4%29&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gates%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Henry+L.+%28host%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Faalives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Angelou, Maya (1986). All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 206–207. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73404-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73404-8">978-0-679-73404-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGates2009" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Henry L. Jr. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0cralRa6tlYC&q=maya+angelou+congo+angola&pg=PA37">In Search of Our Roots: How 19 Extraordinary African Americans Reclaimed Their Past</a>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307409737" title="Special:BookSources/9780307409737"><bdi>9780307409737</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Our+Roots%3A+How+19+Extraordinary+African+Americans+Reclaimed+Their+Past&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780307409737&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Henry+L.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0cralRa6tlYC%26q%3Dmaya%2Bangelou%2Bcongo%2Bangola%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGates,_Jr.2008" class="citation web cs1">Gates, Jr., Henry L. (host) (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/">"African American Lives 2: A Way out of No Way (Part 2)"</a>. PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220214934/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+American+Lives+2%3A+A+Way+out+of+No+Way+%28Part+2%29&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gates%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Henry+L.+%28host%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Faalives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Lupton, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolf1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Wolf, Linda (Winter 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.context.org/iclib/ic43/angelou/">"Laugh and Dare to Love"</a>. In Context Magazine. Vol. 43. p. 45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405073632/http://www.context.org/iclib/ic43/angelou/">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Context+Magazine&rft.atitle=Laugh+and+Dare+to+Love&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.context.org%2Ficlib%2Fic43%2Fangelou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Gillespie et al., p. 156. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Gillespie et al., p. 155. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeyette1986" class="citation news cs1">Beyette, Beverly (June 12, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-06-12-vw-10461-story.html">"Angelou's 4-Year Search for Grandson: Kidnapping Spurs Emotional Odyssey"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024190119/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-06-12/news/vw-10461_1_maya-angelou">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Angelou%27s+4-Year+Search+for+Grandson%3A+Kidnapping+Spurs+Emotional+Odyssey&rft.date=1986-06-12&rft.aulast=Beyette&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-06-12-vw-10461-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Lupton, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-newyorkcity-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newyorkcity_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newyorkcity_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYee2014" class="citation news cs1">Yee, Vivian (May 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/30/nyregion/maya-angelou-often-left-new-york-but-she-always-came-back.html">"Maya Angelou Often Left New York, but She Always Came Back"</a>. The New York Times. p. A23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703065128/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/30/nyregion/maya-angelou-often-left-new-york-but-she-always-came-back.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+Often+Left+New+York%2C+but+She+Always+Came+Back&rft.pages=A23&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F05%2F30%2Fnyregion%2Fmaya-angelou-often-left-new-york-but-she-always-came-back.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Gillespie et al., p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPierce2005" class="citation news cs1">Pierce, Donna (January 5, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/01/05/welcome-to-her-world/">"Welcome to her world: Poet-author Maya Angelou blends recipes and memories in winning style"</a>. Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235404/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-01-05/entertainment/0501040395_1_angelou-potato-salad-delicious-dessert">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+her+world%3A+Poet-author+Maya+Angelou+blends+recipes+and+memories+in+winning+style&rft.date=2005-01-05&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2005%2F01%2F05%2Fwelcome-to-her-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrea2011" class="citation news cs1">Crea, Joe (January 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/taste/index.ssf/2011/01/maya_angelous_cookbook_great_f.html">"Maya Angelou's cookbook 'Great Food, All Day Long' exudes cozy, decadence"</a>. Northeast Ohio Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213021334/http://www.cleveland.com/taste/index.ssf/2011/01/maya_angelous_cookbook_great_f.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeast+Ohio+Media+Group&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou%27s+cookbook+%27Great+Food%2C+All+Day+Long%27+exudes+cozy%2C+decadence&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft.aulast=Crea&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Ftaste%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F01%2Fmaya_angelous_cookbook_great_f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarler1989" class="citation book cs1">Sarler, Carol (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conversationswit00ange/page/217">"A Day in the Life of Maya Angelou"</a>. In Elliot, Jeffrey M (ed.). Conversations with Maya Angelou. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conversationswit00ange/page/217">217</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-362-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-362-9"><bdi>978-0-87805-362-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Day+in+the+Life+of+Maya+Angelou&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Maya+Angelou&rft.place=Jackson%2C+Mississippi&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-87805-362-9&rft.aulast=Sarler&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconversationswit00ange%2Fpage%2F217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Angelou (2008), pp. 63–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewport2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Newport, Cal (May 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/remote-work-not-from-home">"What if Remote Work Didn't Mean Working from Home?"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528002844/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/remote-work-not-from-home">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=What+if+Remote+Work+Didn%27t+Mean+Working+from+Home%3F&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Cal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fcultural-comment%2Fremote-work-not-from-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcinterview-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcinterview_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcinterview_138-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcinterview_138-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcinterview_138-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/133_wbc_archive_new/page2.shtml">"Maya Angelou I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings"</a>. World Book Club (interview). BBC World Service. October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170603122300/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/133_wbc_archive_new/page2.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Book+Club&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+I+Know+Why+the+Caged+Bird+Sings&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Fspecials%2F133_wbc_archive_new%2Fpage2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBusby2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Busby" title="Margaret Busby">Busby, Margaret</a> (May 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/maya-angelou-dies-appreciation-by-her-friend-margaret-busby-9449246.html">"Maya Angelou dies: Appreciation by her friend Margaret Busby"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+dies%3A+Appreciation+by+her+friend+Margaret+Busby&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Busby&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fmaya-angelou-dies-appreciation-by-her-friend-margaret-busby-9449246.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wxii12.com/news/dr-maya-angelou-dead-at-86/26204272">"Dr. Maya Angelou dead at 86"</a>. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: WXII12.com. May 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915112627/https://www.wxii12.com/news/dr-maya-angelou-dead-at-86/26204272">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Maya+Angelou+dead+at+86&rft.place=Winston-Salem%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=WXII12.com&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wxii12.com%2Fnews%2Fdr-maya-angelou-dead-at-86%2F26204272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2014" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Guy (June 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wxii12.com/news/full-remarks-angelous-son-guy-johnson/26380840">"Full Remarks: Angelou's son, Guy Johnson"</a>. WXII12.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140611234404/http://www.wxii12.com/news/full-remarks-angelous-son-guy-johnson/26380840">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WXII12.com&rft.atitle=Full+Remarks%3A+Angelou%27s+son%2C+Guy+Johnson&rft.date=2014-06-07&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wxii12.com%2Fnews%2Ffull-remarks-angelous-son-guy-johnson%2F26380840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCtributes-142"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCtributes_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27606776">"Maya Angelou 'the brightest light' says Barack Obama"</a>. BBC News. May 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529064555/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27606776">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+%27the+brightest+light%27+says+Barack+Obama&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-27606776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkinsTrott2014" class="citation news cs1">Jenkins, Colleen; Trott, Bill (May 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-angelou-idUSKBN0E81E520140528">"U.S. author, poet Maya Angelou dies at 86"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812224119/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-angelou-idUSKBN0E81E520140528">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+author%2C+poet+Maya+Angelou+dies+at+86&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.au=Trott%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-people-angelou-idUSKBN0E81E520140528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBTV-144"><a href="#cite_ref-WBTV_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWBTV_Web_Staff2014" class="citation web cs1">WBTV Web Staff (May 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124016/http://www.wdam.com/story/25647600/dr-maya-angelou-remembered-at-public-memorial-service">"Dr Maya Angelou remembered at public memorial service"</a>. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: Worldnow and WDAM TV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdam.com/story/25647600/dr-maya-angelou-remembered-at-public-memorial-service">the original</a> on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Maya+Angelou+remembered+at+public+memorial+service&rft.place=Winston-Salem%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Worldnow+and+WDAM+TV&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.au=WBTV+Web+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdam.com%2Fstory%2F25647600%2Fdr-maya-angelou-remembered-at-public-memorial-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-service-145"><a href="#cite_ref-service_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news-record.com/news/article_d143738e-ee65-11e3-a41d-001a4bcf6878.html">"Poet Maya Angelou remembered at memorial service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News_%26_Record" title="News & Record">News & Record</a>. Associated Press. June 7, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+%26+Record&rft.atitle=Poet+Maya+Angelou+remembered+at+memorial+service&rft.date=2014-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-record.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_d143738e-ee65-11e3-a41d-001a4bcf6878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stream-146"><a href="#cite_ref-stream_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTobar2014" class="citation news cs1">Tobar, Hector (June 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-maya-angelous-memorial-service-to-be-livestreamed-20140604-story.html">"Maya Angelou's memorial service to be live-streamed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610233502/http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-maya-angelous-memorial-service-to-be-livestreamed-20140604-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou%27s+memorial+service+to+be+live-streamed&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft.aulast=Tobar&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fjacketcopy%2Fla-et-jc-maya-angelous-memorial-service-to-be-livestreamed-20140604-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wxii12.com/news/program-note-maya-angelou-coverage-saturday/26348362#!XsdTo">"PROGRAM NOTE: Maya Angelou, French Open"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WXII" class="mw-redirect" title="WXII">WXII</a>. June 7, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140622114047/http://www.wxii12.com/news/program-note-maya-angelou-coverage-saturday/26348362#!XsdTo">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PROGRAM+NOTE%3A+Maya+Angelou%2C+French+Open&rft.date=2014-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wxii12.com%2Fnews%2Fprogram-note-maya-angelou-coverage-saturday%2F26348362%23%21XsdTo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myfox8.com/2014/06/05/maya-angelou-memorial-service-set-for-saturday-will-be-shown-live-on-fox8-and-myfox8-com/">"Maya Angelou memorial service set for Saturday, will be shown live on FOX8 and MyFOX8.com"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WGHP" title="WGHP">WGHP</a>. June 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140609061344/http://myfox8.com/2014/06/05/maya-angelou-memorial-service-set-for-saturday-will-be-shown-live-on-fox8-and-myfox8-com/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+memorial+service+set+for+Saturday%2C+will+be+shown+live+on+FOX8+and+MyFOX8.com&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyfox8.com%2F2014%2F06%2F05%2Fmaya-angelou-memorial-service-set-for-saturday-will-be-shown-live-on-fox8-and-myfox8-com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmithCestone2014" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Christie; Cestone, Vince (June 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Maya-Angelou-Remembered-as-Daughter-of-San-Francisco--263230081.html">"Maya Angelou Remembered as 'Daughter of San Francisco' at Glide Memorial Church"</a>. NBC Bay Area.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617083126/http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Maya-Angelou-Remembered-as-Daughter-of-San-Francisco--263230081.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+Bay+Area.com&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+Remembered+as+%27Daughter+of+San+Francisco%27+at+Glide+Memorial+Church&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Christie&rft.au=Cestone%2C+Vince&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcbayarea.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FMaya-Angelou-Remembered-as-Daughter-of-San-Francisco--263230081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Lupton, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Lupton, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorwich1990" class="citation book cs1">Norwich, John Julius (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00norw">Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia Of The Arts</a>. US: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00norw/page/16">16</a>-17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198691372" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198691372"><bdi>978-0198691372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+Of+The+Arts&rft.place=US&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0198691372&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordillustrate00norw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilmor2013" class="citation news cs1">Gilmor, Susan (April 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalnow.com/relishnow/the_arts/books_and_literature/article_a103ef34-9f04-11e2-ad1f-0019bb30f31a.html">"Angelou: Writing about Mom emotional process"</a>. The Winston-Salem Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163712/http://www.journalnow.com/relishnow/the_arts/books_and_literature/article_a103ef34-9f04-11e2-ad1f-0019bb30f31a.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2018. 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August 2, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506080857/https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/american-women-quarters">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Mint&rft.atitle=American+Women+Quarters%E2%84%A2+Program&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Flearn%2Fcoin-and-medal-programs%2Famerican-women-quarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/u-s-mint-issue-quarters-honoring-notable-american-women-n1271261">"U.S. Mint to issue quarters honoring notable American women"</a>. NBC News. Associated Press. June 17, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820160513/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/u-s-mint-issue-quarters-honoring-notable-american-women-n1271261">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Mint+to+issue+quarters+honoring+notable+American+women&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Fu-s-mint-issue-quarters-honoring-notable-american-women-n1271261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMendoza2022" class="citation news cs1">Mendoza, Jordan (January 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2022/01/10/maya-angelou-quarters-distributed-us/9160875002/">"Maya Angelou coins distributed by US Mint make her first Black woman to appear on quarters"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220112000857/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2022/01/10/maya-angelou-quarters-distributed-us/9160875002/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou+coins+distributed+by+US+Mint+make+her+first+Black+woman+to+appear+on+quarters&rft.date=2022-01-11&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2022%2F01%2F10%2Fmaya-angelou-quarters-distributed-us%2F9160875002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlazier2003" class="citation journal cs1">Glazier, Jocelyn A. (Winter 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050401042033/http://www.calfac.org/allpdf/teqwinter2003/glazier.pdf">"Moving Closer to Speaking the Unspeakable: White Teachers Talking about Race"</a> (PDF). Teacher Education Quarterly. 30 (1): 73–94. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calfac.org/allpdf/teqwinter2003/glazier.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 1, 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teacher+Education+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Moving+Closer+to+Speaking+the+Unspeakable%3A+White+Teachers+Talking+about+Race&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Glazier&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calfac.org%2Fallpdf%2Fteqwinter2003%2Fglazier.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChallener1997" class="citation book cs1">Challener, Daniel D. (1997). Stories of Resilience in Childhood. London, England: Taylor & Francis. pp. 22–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2800-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2800-1"><bdi>978-0-8153-2800-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+of+Resilience+in+Childhood&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-2800-1&rft.aulast=Challener&rft.aufirst=Daniel+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoyatzis1992" class="citation journal cs1">Boyatzis, Chris J. (February 1992). "Let the Caged Bird Sing: Using Literature to Teach Developmental Psychology". Teaching of Psychology. 19 (4): 221–2. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1030.5582">10.1.1.1030.5582</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1207%2Fs15328023top1904_5">10.1207/s15328023top1904_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145274568">145274568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teaching+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Let+the+Caged+Bird+Sing%3A+Using+Literature+to+Teach+Developmental+Psychology&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E221-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=1992-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.1030.5582%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145274568%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1207%2Fs15328023top1904_5&rft.aulast=Boyatzis&rft.aufirst=Chris+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> DeGout, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom1985" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Lynn Z. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/afroamericanwrit0038unse/page/10">"Maya Angelou"</a>. Dictionary of Literary Biography African American Writers after 1955. Vol. 38. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/afroamericanwrit0038unse/page/10">10–11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-1716-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-1716-1"><bdi>978-0-8103-1716-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maya+Angelou&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Literary+Biography+African+American+Writers+after+1955&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Gale+Research+Company&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-1716-1&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Lynn+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafroamericanwrit0038unse%2Fpage%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Burr, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom2001" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mayaangeloubloom00haro/page/9">Maya Angelou</a>. Broomall, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mayaangeloubloom00haro/page/9">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-5937-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-5937-1"><bdi>978-0-7910-5937-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maya+Angelou&rft.place=Broomall%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-5937-1&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmayaangeloubloom00haro%2Fpage%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> Burr, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom2009" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2009). Maya Angelou. Bloom's Literary Criticism. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-177-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-177-2"><bdi>978-1-60413-177-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maya+Angelou&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Bloom%27s+Literary+Criticism&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-177-2&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Lupton, pp. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> Lauret, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> Lupton, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-lupton-34-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lupton-34_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lupton-34_191-1">b</a> Lupton, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSartwell1998" class="citation book cs1">Sartwell, Crispin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actlikeyouknowaf0000sart/page/26">Act Like You Know: African-American Autobiography and White Identity</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actlikeyouknowaf0000sart/page/26">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73527-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73527-6"><bdi>978-0-226-73527-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Act+Like+You+Know%3A+African-American+Autobiography+and+White+Identity&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-226-73527-6&rft.aulast=Sartwell&rft.aufirst=Crispin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Factlikeyouknowaf0000sart%2Fpage%2F26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Hagen, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_194-1">b</a> Walker, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> McWhorter, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom2008" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Lynn Z. (2008). "The Life of Maya Angelou". In Johnson, Claudia (ed.). Racism in Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-3905-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-3905-3"><bdi>978-0-7377-3905-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Life+of+Maya+Angelou&rft.btitle=Racism+in+Maya+Angelou%27s+I+Know+Why+the+Caged+Bird+Sings&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Gale+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7377-3905-3&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Lynn+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> O'Neale, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-oneale-34-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oneale-34_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oneale-34_198-1">b</a> O'Neale, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> McWhorter, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> McWhorter, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> McWhorter, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSayers2008" class="citation news cs1">Sayers, Valerie (September 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/09/26/ST2008092601489.html">"Songs of Herself"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915112649/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/09/26/ST2008092601489.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Songs+of+Herself&rft.date=2008-09-28&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F2008%2F09%2F26%2FST2008092601489.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+Angelou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> Hagen, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Hagen, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Lupton, p. 142. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Angelou, Maya (1969). I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50789-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50789-2">978-0-375-50789-2</a></li> <li>Angelou, Maya (1993). Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now. New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-22363-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-22363-6">978-0-394-22363-6</a></li> <li>Angelou, Maya (2008). Letter to My Daughter. New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-8003-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-8003-5">978-0-8129-8003-5</a></li> <li>Braxton, Joanne M., ed. (1999). Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: A Casebook. New York: Oxford Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511606-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511606-9">978-0-19-511606-9</a> <ul><li>Braxton, Joanne M. "Symbolic Geography and Psychic Landscapes: A Conversation with Maya Angelou", pp. 3–20</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Tate" title="Claudia Tate">Tate, Claudia</a>. "Maya Angelou: An Interview", pp. 149–158</li></ul></li> <li>Burr, Zofia (2002). Of Women, Poetry, and Power: Strategies of Address in Dickinson, Miles, Brooks, Lorde, and Angelou. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02769-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02769-7">978-0-252-02769-7</a></li> <li>DeGout, Yasmin Y. (2009). "The Poetry of Maya Angelou: Liberation Ideology and Technique". In Bloom's Modern Critical Views – Maya Angelou, Harold Bloom, ed. New York: <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>, pp. 121–132. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-177-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-177-2">978-1-60413-177-2</a></li> <li>Gillespie, Marcia Ann, Rosa Johnson Butler, and Richard A. Long. (2008). Maya Angelou: A Glorious Celebration. New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-51108-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-51108-7">978-0-385-51108-7</a></li> <li>Hagen, Lyman B. (1997). Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet: A Critical Analysis of the Writings of Maya Angelou. Lanham, Maryland: University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0621-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0621-9">978-0-7618-0621-9</a></li> <li>Lauret, Maria (1994). Liberating Literature: Feminist Fiction in America. New York: Routledge Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06515-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06515-3">978-0-415-06515-3</a></li> <li>Long, Richard (2005). "Maya Angelou". Smithsonian 36, (8): pp. 84–85</li> <li>Lupton, Mary Jane (1998). Maya Angelou: A Critical Companion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30325-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30325-8">978-0-313-30325-8</a></li> <li>McWhorter, John (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnr.com/article/saint-maya">"Saint Maya."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090921144832/http://www.tnr.com/article/saint-maya">Archived</a> September 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The New Republic 226, (19): pp. 35–41.</li> <li>O'Neale, Sondra (1984). "Reconstruction of the Composite Self: New Images of Black Women in Maya Angelou's Continuing Autobiography", in Black Women Writers (1950–1980): A Critical Evaluation, <a href="/wiki/Mari_Evans" title="Mari Evans">Mari Evans</a>, ed. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-17124-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-17124-3">978-0-385-17124-3</a></li> <li>Toppman, Lawrence (1989). "Maya Angelou: The Serene Spirit of a Survivor", in Conversations with Maya Angelou, Jeffrey M. Elliot, ed. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-362-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-362-9">978-0-87805-362-9</a></li> <li>Walker, Pierre A. (October 1995). "Racial Protest, Identity, Words, and Form in Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings". College Literature 22, (3): pp. 91–108.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Maya_Angelou" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maya_Angelou" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayaangelou.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/312669">Maya Angelou</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19526#P1953" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0029723/">Maya Angelou</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/84766">Maya Angelou</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19526#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/19129">Maya Angelou</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.nypl.org/scm/22986">Maya Angelou papers</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mayaangelou.wfu.edu/">Maya Angelou</a> memorial service at <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest University</a></li> <li>Spring, Kelly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/maya-angelou">"Maya Angelou"</a>. National Women's History Museum. 2017.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/maya-angelou-caged-bird-songs-released-6304500/">Maya Angelou's Posthumous Album, 'Caged Bird Songs,' Debuts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?25761">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_by_Maya_Angelou135" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Works_by_Maya_Angelou" title="Template:Works by Maya Angelou"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Works_by_Maya_Angelou" title="Template talk:Works by Maya Angelou"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Works_by_Maya_Angelou" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Works by Maya Angelou"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Maya_Angelou135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_Angelou_works" title="List of Maya Angelou works">Works</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Calypso" title="Miss Calypso">Miss Calypso</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autobiographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gather_Together_in_My_Name" title="Gather Together in My Name">Gather Together in My Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singin%27_and_Swingin%27_and_Gettin%27_Merry_like_Christmas" title="Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry like Christmas">Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry like Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Woman" title="The Heart of a Woman">The Heart of a Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes" title="All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes">All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom_%26_Me_%26_Mom" title="Mom & Me & Mom">Mom & Me & Mom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themes_in_Maya_Angelou%27s_autobiographies" title="Themes in Maya Angelou's autobiographies">Themes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Maya_Angelou" title="Poetry of Maya Angelou">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie" title="Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie">Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_Pray_My_Wings_Are_Gonna_Fit_Me_Well" title="Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well">Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/And_Still_I_Rise" title="And Still I Rise">And Still I Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaker,_Why_Don%27t_You_Sing%3F" title="Shaker, Why Don't You Sing?">Shaker, Why Don't You Sing?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song" title="Now Sheba Sings the Song">Now Sheba Sings the Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Shall_Not_Be_Moved_(poetry_collection)" title="I Shall Not Be Moved (poetry collection)">I Shall Not Be Moved</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Collected_Poems_of_Maya_Angelou" title="The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou">The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenal_Woman:_Four_Poems_Celebrating_Women" title="Phenomenal Woman: Four Poems Celebrating Women">Phenomenal Woman: Four Poems Celebrating Women</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Brave_and_Startling_Truth" title="A Brave and Startling Truth">A Brave and Startling Truth</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrations,_Rituals_of_Peace_and_Prayer" title="Celebrations, Rituals of Peace and Prayer">Celebrations, Rituals of Peace and Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother:_A_Cradle_to_Hold_Me" title="Mother: A Cradle to Hold Me">Mother: A Cradle to Hold Me</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Had_Him" title="We Had Him">We Had Him</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Doesn%27t_Frighten_Me" title="Life Doesn't Frighten Me">Life Doesn't Frighten Me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wouldn%27t_Take_Nothing_for_My_Journey_Now" title="Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now">Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_the_Stars_Look_Lonesome" title="Even the Stars Look Lonesome">Even the Stars Look Lonesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_My_Daughter" title="Letter to My Daughter">Letter to My Daughter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cookbooks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah!_The_Welcome_Table" title="Hallelujah! The Welcome Table">Hallelujah! The Welcome Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Food,_All_Day_Long" title="Great Food, All Day Long">Great Food, All Day Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia,_Georgia" title="Georgia, Georgia">Georgia, Georgia</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister,_Sister_(1982_film)" title="Sister, Sister (1982 film)">Sister, Sister</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_in_the_Delta" title="Down in the Delta">Down in the Delta</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Maya_Angelou134" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Maya_Angelou134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_received_by_Maya_Angelou" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors received by Maya Angelou">Awards for Maya Angelou</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arkansas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame65" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arkansas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame65" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame">Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mary Ann Arnold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway">Hattie Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_A._Davis" title="Hester A. Davis">Hester A. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Fulbright" title="Roberta Fulbright">Roberta Fulbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Good" title="Mary L. Good">Mary L. Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnelle_Hunt" title="Johnelle Hunt">Johnelle Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Irby_Jones" title="Edith Irby Jones">Edith Irby Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Walton" title="Alice Walton">Alice Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Emergency_Committee_to_Open_Our_Schools" title="Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools">Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kay Kelley Arnold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettye_Caldwell" title="Bettye Caldwell">Bettye Caldwell</a></li> <li>Cathy Cunningham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joycelyn_Elders" title="Joycelyn Elders">Joycelyn Elders</a></li> <li>Betty Ann Lowe</li> <li>Religious Sisters of Mercy of the Americas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_Shackelford" title="Lottie Shackelford">Lottie Shackelford</a></li> <li>Patti Upton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Walker_(philanthropist)" title="Pat Walker (philanthropist)">Pat Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li>Bernice Jones</li> <li>June B. Freeman</li> <li>Ruth Hawkins</li> <li>Brinda J. Jackson</li> <li>Pat Lile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsijane_Trimble_Roy" title="Elsijane Trimble Roy">Elsijane Trimble Roy</a></li> <li>Joanna Seibert</li> <li>Dorothy Stuck</li> <li>Olivetan Benedictine Sisters</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carolyn F. Blakely</li> <li>Karen Flake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_T._Griffin" title="Sue T. Griffin">Sue Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raye_Montague" title="Raye Montague">Raye Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Boehm_Moore" title="Bessie Boehm Moore">Bessie Grace Boehm Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Price" title="Florence Price">Florence Beatrice Smith Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Steenburgen" title="Mary Steenburgen">Mary Steenburgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Clinton_Imber_Tuck" title="Annabelle Clinton Imber Tuck">Annabelle Clinton Imber Tuck</a></li> <li>Women’s Foundation of Arkansas</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alice Andrews</li> <li>Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority’s Beta Pi Omega Chapter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Blair" title="Diane Blair">Diane Frances Divers Kincaid Blair </a></li> <li>Olivia Farrell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Luck" title="Jo Luck">Jo Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Tillar_Schexnayder" title="Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder">Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Thaden" title="Louise Thaden">Louise McPhetridge Thaden</a></li> <li>Carolyn Witherspoon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Margaret Louise Sirman Clark</li> <li>Cynthia L. Conger</li> <li>Hispanic Women's Organization of Arkansas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_Ledbetter" title="Brownie Ledbetter">Brownie Ledbetter</a></li> <li>Dorothy Morris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Pollan" title="Carolyn Pollan">Carolyn Pollan</a></li> <li>Amy Rossi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sandra Keiser Edwards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McFadden_Hoover" title="Dorothy McFadden Hoover">Dorothy McFadden Hoover</a></li> <li>Cathy Hastings Owen</li> <li>Pat Steele Qualls</li> <li>Nan Snow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphine_Fletcher_Terry" title="Adolphine Fletcher Terry">Adolphine Fletcher Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Williams_Warren" title="Joyce Williams Warren">Joyce Williams Warren</a></li> <li>Women's Giving Circle</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows – <a href="/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>FDR Speaks – Robert Bialek (producer) (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein_Discusses_Humor_in_Music_and_Conducts_Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Leonard Bernstein Discusses Humor in Music and Conducts Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Humor in Music</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1961)</li> <li>The Story-Teller: A Session with Charles Laughton – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (playwright) (1963)</li> <li>BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy – <a href="/wiki/That_Was_the_Week_That_Was" title="That Was the Week That Was">That Was the Week That Was</a> (1964)</li> <li>John F. Kennedy: As We Remember Him – <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson" title="Goddard Lieberson">Goddard Lieberson</a> (producer) (1965)</li> <li>Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I: The War Years – <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a> (1966)</li> <li>Gallant Men – <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> (1967)</li> <li>Lonesome Cities – <a href="/wiki/Rod_McKuen" title="Rod McKuen">Rod McKuen</a> (1968)</li> <li>We Love You Call Collect – <a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter" title="Art Linkletter">Art Linkletter</a> & <a href="/wiki/Diane_Linkletter" title="Diane Linkletter">Diane Linkletter</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_(Les_Crane_album)" title="Desiderata (Les Crane album)">Desiderata</a> – <a href="/wiki/Les_Crane" title="Les Crane">Les Crane</a> (1971)</li> <li>Lenny – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Botnick" title="Bruce Botnick">Bruce Botnick</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull" title="Jonathan Livingston Seagull">Jonathan Livingston Seagull</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1973)</li> <li>Good Evening – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_%27em_Hell,_Harry!" title="Give 'em Hell, Harry!">Give 'em Hell, Harry!</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1975)</li> <li>Great American Documents – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belle_of_Amherst" title="The Belle of Amherst">The Belle of Amherst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1978)</li> <li>Ages of Man: Readings from Shakespeare – <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pat_Carroll" title="Pat Carroll">Pat Carroll</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain" title="Donovan's Brain">Donovan's Brain</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Movie on Record</a> – Tom Voegeli (producer) and Various Artists (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Warfield" title="William Warfield">William Warfield</a> (1983)</li> <li>The Words of Gandhi – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey%27s_Black_Bottom" title="Ma Rainey's Black Bottom">Ma Rainey's Black Bottom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Berniker" title="Mike Berniker">Mike Berniker</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1985)</li> <li>Interviews from the Class of '55 Recording Sessions – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chips_Moman" title="Chips Moman">Chips Moman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson">Ricky Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wobegon_Days" title="Lake Wobegon Days">Lake Wobegon Days</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Keillor" title="Garrison Keillor">Garrison Keillor</a> (1987)</li> <li>Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> (1988)</li> <li>It's Always Something – <a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracie:_A_Love_Story" title="Gracie: A Love Story">Gracie: A Love Story</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_(miniseries)" title="The Civil War (miniseries)">The Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a> (1991)</li> <li>What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS – <a href="/wiki/Magic_Johnson" title="Magic Johnson">Earvin "Magic" Johnson</a> and Robert O'Keefe (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_in_the_Van" title="Get in the Van">Get in the Van</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rollins" title="Henry Rollins">Henry Rollins</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenal_Woman:_Four_Poems_Celebrating_Women" title="Phenomenal Woman: Four Poems Celebrating Women">Phenomenal Woman</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (1996)</li> <li>Charles Kuralt's Spring – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuralt" title="Charles Kuralt">Charles Kuralt</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_Me" title="Still Me">Still Me</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a> (1998)</li> <li>The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. – <a href="/wiki/LeVar_Burton" title="LeVar Burton">LeVar Burton</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Measure_of_a_Man:_A_Spiritual_Autobiography" title="The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography">The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, Rick Harris, and John Runnette (producers) (2000)</li> <li>Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, Jeffrey S. Thomas, Steven Strassman (engineers), and Elisa Shokoff (producer) (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a> and Charles B. Potter (producer) (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lies_and_the_Lying_Liars_Who_Tell_Them" title="Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them">Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Al Franken</a> and Paul Ruben (producer) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Clinton_autobiography)" title="My Life (Clinton autobiography)">My Life</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> / With Ossie and Ruby – <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Jacob Bronstein (producer) (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Truth (book)">An Inconvenient Truth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon" title="Cynthia Nixon">Cynthia Nixon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blair_Underwood" title="Blair Underwood">Blair Underwood</a> (2008)</li> <li>Always Looking Up – <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_(The_Book)" title="Earth (The Book)">The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> (2010)</li> <li>If You Ask Me (And of Course You Won't) – <a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2011)</li> <li>Society's Child – <a href="/wiki/Janis_Ian" title="Janis Ian">Janis Ian</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Again" title="America Again">America Again: Re-becoming the Greatness We Never Weren't</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> (2013)</li> <li>Diary of a Mad Diva – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life:_Reflections_at_90" class="mw-redirect" title="A Full Life: Reflections at 90">A Full Life: Reflections at 90</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2015)</li> <li>In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox – <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Diarist" title="The Princess Diarist">The Princess Diarist</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (2017)</li> <li>Faith: A Journey for All – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(book)" title="Blowout (book)">Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a> (2020)</li> <li>Carry On: Reflections for a New Generation from John Lewis − <a href="/wiki/Don_Cheadle" title="Don Cheadle">Don Cheadle</a> (2021)</li> <li>Finding Me – <a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (2023)</li> <li>Last Sunday in Plains: A Centennial Celebration – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Nonfiction" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Nonfiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_–_Nonfiction86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Nonfiction" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By Any Means Necessary: The Trials and Tribulations of the Making of 'Malcolm X – <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Wiley" title="Ralph Wiley">Ralph Wiley</a> (1993)</li> <li>No Award (1994)</li> <li>When We Were Colored – <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Taulbert" title="Clifton Taulbert">Clifton Taulbert</a> (1995)</li> <li>No Award (1996)</li> <li>No Award (1997)</li> <li>With Ossie & Ruby: In This Life Together – <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (1998)</li> <li>No Award (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>No Award (2000)</li> <li>Sally Hemmings, An American Scandal – <a href="/wiki/Tina_Andrews" title="Tina Andrews">Tina Andrews</a> (2001)</li> <li>Keeping the Faith: Stories of Love, Courage, Healing, and Hope from Black America – <a href="/wiki/Tavis_Smiley" title="Tavis Smiley">Tavis Smiley</a> (2002)</li> <li>Why I Love Black Women – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Michael Eric Dyson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah!_The_Welcome_Table" title="Hallelujah! The Welcome Table">Hallelujah! The Welcome Table</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a> (2004)</li> <li>Is Bill Cosby Right? Or Has the Black Middle Class Lost Its Mind? – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Michael Eric Dyson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_on_Our_Watch" title="Not on Our Watch">Not on Our Watch</a> – <a href="/wiki/Don_Cheadle" title="Don Cheadle">Don Cheadle</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Prendergast_(activist)" title="John Prendergast (activist)">John Prendergast</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_My_Daughter" title="Letter to My Daughter">Letter to My Daughter</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a> (2008)</li> <li>In Search of Our Roots – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr." title="Henry Louis Gates Jr.">Henry Louis Gates Jr.</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Michelle Alexander</a> (2010)</li> <li>The Wealth Cure: Putting Money in Its Place – <a href="/wiki/Hill_Harper" title="Hill Harper">Hill Harper</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oath:_The_Obama_White_House_and_the_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oath: The Obama White House and the Supreme Court">The Oath: The Obama White House and the Supreme Court</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Toobin" title="Jeffrey Toobin">Jeffrey Toobin</a> (2012)</li> <li>Envisioning Emancipation: Black Americans and the End of Slavery – <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Willis_(author)" title="Deborah Willis (author)">Deborah Willis</a> and Barbara Krauthamer (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Mercy_(book)" title="Just Mercy (book)">Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Stevenson" title="Bryan Stevenson">Bryan Stevenson</a> (2014)</li> <li>Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga – Pamela Newkirk (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures_(book)" title="Hidden Figures (book)">Hidden Figures</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margot_Lee_Shetterly" title="Margot Lee Shetterly">Margot Lee Shetterly</a> (2016)</li> <li>Defining Moments in Black History: Reading Between the Lies – <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a> (2017)</li> <li>For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Politics – <a href="/wiki/Donna_Brazile" title="Donna Brazile">Donna Brazile</a>, Yolanda Caraway, <a href="/wiki/Leah_D._Daughtry" title="Leah D. Daughtry">Leah D. Daughtry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minyon_Moore" title="Minyon Moore">Minyon Moore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Chambers" title="Veronica Chambers">Veronica Chambers</a> (2018)</li> <li>The Source of Self-Regard: Selected Essays, Speeches, and Meditations – <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_1619_Project:_A_New_Origin_Story" title="The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story">The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikole_Hannah-Jones" title="Nikole Hannah-Jones">Nikole Hannah-Jones</a> (2021)</li> <li>Finding Me – <a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2022)</li> <li>The New Brownies’ Book: A Love Letter to Black Families – Karida L. Brown and Charly Palmer (2023)</li> <li>Love & Whiskey: The Remarkable True Story of Jack Daniel, His Master Distiller Nearest Green, and the Improbable Rise of Uncle Nearest – <a href="/wiki/Fawn_Weaver" title="Fawn Weaver">Fawn Weaver</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_–_Poetry77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Poetry" title="Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Poetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Poetry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_–_Poetry77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Poetry" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrations,_Rituals_of_Peace_and_Prayer" title="Celebrations, Rituals of Peace and Prayer">Celebrations, Rituals of Peace and Prayer</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a> (2006)</li> <li>Acolytes: Poems – <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a> (2007)</li> <li>No Award (2008)</li> <li>Bicycles – <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>100 Best African-American Poems – <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a> (2010)</li> <li>Afro Clouds & Nappy Rain: The Curtis Brown Poems – James Golden (2011)</li> <li>Speak Water – <a href="/wiki/Truth_Thomas" title="Truth Thomas">Truth Thomas</a> (2012)</li> <li>Turn Me Loose: The Unghosting of Medgar Evers – <a href="/wiki/Frank_X_Walker" title="Frank X Walker">Frank X Walker</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen:_An_American_Lyric" title="Citizen: An American Lyric">Citizen: An American Lyric</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Rankine" title="Claudia Rankine">Claudia Rankine</a> (2014)</li> <li>How to Be Drawn – <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Hayes" title="Terrance Hayes">Terrance Hayes</a> (2015)</li> <li>Collected Poems: 1974–2004 – <a href="/wiki/Rita_Dove" title="Rita Dove">Rita Dove</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_Art" title="Incendiary Art">Incendiary Art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Smith_(poet)" title="Patricia Smith (poet)">Patricia Smith</a> (2017)</li> <li>Taking the Arrow Out of the Heart – <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (2018)</li> <li>Felon: Poems – <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dwayne_Betts" title="Reginald Dwayne Betts">Reginald Dwayne Betts</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Age of Phillis – <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9e_Fanonne_Jeffers" title="Honorée Fanonne Jeffers">Honorée Fanonne Jeffers</a> (2020)</li> <li>Perfect Black – <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Wilkinson" title="Crystal Wilkinson">Crystal Wilkinson</a> (2021)</li> <li>To the Realization of Perfect Helplessness – <a href="/wiki/Robin_Coste_Lewis" title="Robin Coste Lewis">Robin Coste Lewis</a> (2022)</li> <li>suddenly we – <a href="/wiki/Evie_Shockley" title="Evie Shockley">Evie Shockley</a> (2023)</li> <li>This Is the Honey: An Anthology of Contemporary Black Poets – <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Alexander" title="Kwame Alexander">Kwame Alexander</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (2000s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Manilow" title="Lewis Manilow">Lewis Manilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, cultural programming division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg" title="Claes Oldenburg">Claes Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Knoll_Bassett" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Knoll Bassett">Florence Knoll Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisha_Brown" title="Trisha Brown">Trisha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montebello" title="Philippe de Montebello">Philippe de Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Halprin" title="Lawrence Halprin">Lawrence Halprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">William "Smokey" Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Cleary" title="Beverly Cleary">Beverly Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafe_Esquith" title="Rafe Esquith">Rafe Esquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_Choir" title="Tabernacle Choir">Tabernacle Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hart_(sculptor)" title="Frederick Hart (sculptor)">Frederick Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hecht" title="Anthony Hecht">Anthony Hecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruthven_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ruthven (artist)">John Ruthven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Scully" title="Vincent Scully">Vincent Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auchincloss" title="Louis Auchincloss">Louis Auchincloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_DePreist" title="James DePreist">James DePreist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquito_D%27Rivera" title="Paquito D'Rivera">Paquito D'Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Garment" title="Leonard Garment">Leonard Garment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Ramirez" title="Tina Ramirez">Tina Ramirez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Charisse" title="Cyd Charisse">Cyd Charisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeCarava" title="Roy DeCarava">Roy DeCarava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Interlochen Center for the Arts">Interlochen Center for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Hall_Jazz_Band" title="Preservation Hall Jazz Band">Preservation Hall Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Rabassa" title="Gregory Rabassa">Gregory Rabassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Schreckengost" title="Viktor Schreckengost">Viktor Schreckengost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Lauridsen" title="Morten Lauridsen">Morten Lauridsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Noel" title="Craig Noel">Craig Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Neuberger" title="Roy Neuberger">Roy Neuberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Z._Steinway" title="Henry Z. Steinway">Henry Z. Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tooker" title="George Tooker">George Tooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton_Jazz_Festival" title="Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival">Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth" title="Andrew Wyeth">Andrew Wyeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Moroles" title="Jesús Moroles">Jesús Moroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisk_Jubilee_Singers" title="Fisk Jubilee Singers">Fisk Jubilee Singers</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lim%C3%B3n" title="José Limón">José Limón Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Presser_Company" title="Theodore Presser Company">The Presser Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Glaser" title="Milton Glaser">Milton Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Joseph P. Riley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_American_Ballet" title="School of American Ballet">School of American Ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spingarn_Medal_winners26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spingarn_Medal" title="Template:Spingarn Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spingarn_Medal" title="Template talk:Spingarn Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spingarn_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spingarn Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spingarn_Medal_winners26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Everett_Just" title="Ernest Everett Just">Ernest Everett Just</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Young_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="Charles Young (United States Army officer)">Charles Young</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Burleigh" title="Harry Burleigh">Harry Burleigh</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Braithwaite" title="William Stanley Braithwaite">William Stanley Braithwaite</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Archibald Grimké">Archibald Grimké</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sidney_Gilpin" title="Charles Sidney Gilpin">Charles Sidney Gilpin</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Roland_Hayes" title="Roland Hayes">Roland Hayes</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Weldon_Johnson" title="James Weldon Johnson">James Weldon Johnson</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Carter_G._Woodson" title="Carter G. Woodson">Carter G. Woodson</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Overton" title="Anthony Overton">Anthony Overton</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Chesnutt" title="Charles W. Chesnutt">Charles W. Chesnutt</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Wyatt_Johnson" title="Mordecai Wyatt Johnson">Mordecai Wyatt Johnson</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Hunt" title="Henry A. Hunt">Henry A. Hunt</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Berry_Harrison" title="Richard Berry Harrison">Richard Berry Harrison</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russa_Moton" title="Robert Russa Moton">Robert Russa Moton</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Max_Yergan" title="Max Yergan">Max Yergan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/William_T._B._Williams" title="William T. B. Williams">William T. B. Williams</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/John_Hope_(educator)" title="John Hope (educator)">John Hope</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Francis White">Walter Francis White</a></li> <li>1938: no award</li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Louis_T._Wright" title="Louis T. Wright">Louis T. Wright</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/William_H._Hastie" title="William H. Hastie">William H. Hastie</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" title="Charles R. Drew">Charles R. Drew</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" title="Percy Lavon Julian">Percy Lavon Julian</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Channing_Heggie_Tobias" title="Channing Heggie Tobias">Channing Heggie Tobias</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamilton_Houston" title="Charles Hamilton Houston">Charles Hamilton Houston</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Keaton_Staupers" title="Mabel Keaton Staupers">Mabel Keaton Staupers</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry T. Moore</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Williams" title="Paul R. Williams">Paul R. Williams</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_K._Lawless" title="Theodore K. Lawless">Theodore K. Lawless</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Carl_J._Murphy" title="Carl J. Murphy">Carl J. Murphy</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_B._Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth B. Clark">Kenneth B. Clark</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver" title="Robert C. Weaver">Robert C. Weaver</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/John_H._Johnson" title="John H. Johnson">John H. Johnson</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Mitchell_Jr." title="Clarence Mitchell Jr.">Clarence Mitchell Jr.</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Sullivan" title="Leon Sullivan">Leon Sullivan</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Riles" title="Wilson Riles">Wilson Riles</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Damon_Keith" title="Damon Keith">Damon Keith</a></li> <li>1975: no award</li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a></li> <li>1978: no award</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Rayford_Logan" title="Rayford Logan">Rayford Logan</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mays" title="Benjamin Mays">Benjamin Elijah Mays</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li>1984: no award</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Bradley (American politician)">Tom Bradley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hooks" title="Benjamin Hooks">Benjamin Hooks</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Sutton" title="Percy Sutton">Percy Sutton</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Patterson" title="Frederick D. Patterson">Frederick D. Patterson</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li>1994: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/John_Hope_Franklin" title="John Hope Franklin">John Hope Franklin</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/A._Leon_Higginbotham_Jr." title="A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.">A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Rowan" title="Carl Rowan">Carl Rowan</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Earl_G._Graves_Sr." title="Earl G. Graves Sr.">Earl G. Graves Sr.</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Carter" title="Robert L. Carter">Robert L. Carter</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hill_(attorney)" title="Oliver Hill (attorney)">Oliver Hill</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Muse_Freeman" title="Frankie Muse Freeman">Frankie Muse Freeman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_R._Jones" title="Nathaniel R. Jones">Nathaniel R. Jones</a></li> <li>2017: no award</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gaspard" title="Patrick Gaspard">Patrick Gaspard</a></li> <li>2020: no award</li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Cato_T._Laurencin" title="Cato T. Laurencin">Cato T. Laurencin</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Jim Clyburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19526#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3819" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19526#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3819" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19526#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121191991">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000036863706X">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7386077">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/8211/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmhMmCDqWP9Dfrg6dxJjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118503103">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50024879">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11888860b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11888860b">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00431554">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35368801">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990000192&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX832678">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1456948">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071878688">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90192485">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000220362&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000255368&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199632617">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr579xfc059451k">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810550293205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007257610005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058599162706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14835202">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00986277?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/80ce4e18-92ca-4079-b07c-11ac454b7755">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/maya-angelou/391">Grammy Awards</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118503103">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/928066">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118503103.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118503103">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026687046">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582751">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rp3xwh">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hq4704">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maya_Angelou&oldid=1282703377">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maya_Angelou&oldid=1282703377</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maya_Angelou" title="Category:Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1928_births" title="Category:1928 births">1928 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_deaths" title="Category:2014 deaths">2014 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_actresses" title="Category:20th-century African-American actresses">20th-century African-American actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_actresses" title="Category:20th-century American actresses">20th-century American actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_dancers" title="Category:20th-century American dancers">20th-century American dancers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights">20th-century American dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers">20th-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_poets" title="Category:20th-century American poets">20th-century American poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_short_story_writers" title="Category:20th-century American short story writers">20th-century American short story writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_writers" title="Category:20th-century American women writers">20th-century American women writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_actresses" title="Category:21st-century African-American actresses">21st-century African-American actresses</a></li><li><a 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</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-866f5d587f-l8dts","wgBackendResponseTime":275,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.706","walltime":"2.745","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15611,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":587300,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":130476,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":554050,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2363.957 1 -total"," 25.74% 608.539 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.13% 428.552 1 Template:Wikiquote"," 14.73% 348.095 2 Template:Sister_project"," 10.87% 256.940 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 10.65% 251.685 2 Template:Side_box"," 10.61% 250.825 1 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