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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Federation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Federation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Russian Federation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Federation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Great_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Great Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baltic_Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baltic_Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Baltic Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baltic_Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modernization_of_ferry_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernization_of_ferry_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.1</span> <span>Modernization of ferry system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernization_of_ferry_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Double-ended" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double-ended"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Double-ended</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double-ended-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrofoil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrofoil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hydrofoil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrofoil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hovercraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hovercraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hovercraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hovercraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catamaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catamaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Catamaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catamaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roll-on/roll-off" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roll-on/roll-off"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Roll-on/roll-off</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roll-on/roll-off-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruiseferry_/_RoPax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruiseferry_/_RoPax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Cruiseferry / RoPax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruiseferry_/_RoPax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fast_RoPax_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fast_RoPax_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Fast RoPax ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fast_RoPax_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turntable_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turntable_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Turntable ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turntable_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pontoon_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pontoon_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Pontoon ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pontoon_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Train ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foot_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foot_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Foot ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foot_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Cable ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Air ferries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Docking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Docking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Docking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Docking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Records</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Records-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Records subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gross_tonnage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_tonnage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Gross tonnage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_tonnage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oldest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Oldest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Largest networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Busiest_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Busiest_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Busiest networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Busiest_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fastest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fastest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Fastest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fastest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sustainability</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sustainability subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alternative_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Alternative fuels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerboot" title="Veerboot – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veerboot" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8)" title="عبارة (مركب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عبارة (مركب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresbordador" title="Tresbordador – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tresbordador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99r%C9%99" title="Bərə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bərə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="খেয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খেয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8D%CD%98-ch%C3%BBn" title="Tō͘-chûn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tō͘-chûn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Паром – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ферибот – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ферибот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trajekt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador" title="Transbordador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transbordador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Паром – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Паром" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADvoz" title="Přívoz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přívoz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6rge" title="Færge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Færge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4hre" title="Fähre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fähre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsin_naa%CA%BCee%C5%82_din%C3%A9_bee_naag%C3%A9h%C3%A9" title="Tsin naaʼeeł diné bee naagéhé – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsin naaʼeeł diné bee naagéhé" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvlaev" title="Parvlaev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parvlaev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Πορθμείο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πορθμείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador" title="Transbordador – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transbordador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pram%C5%9Dipo" title="Pramŝipo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pramŝipo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ferry" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="فرابر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرابر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_(bateau)" title="Ferry (bateau) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ferry (bateau)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_(ferfier)" title="Fear (ferfier) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fear (ferfier)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiseag" title="Aiseag – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aiseag" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador" title="Transbordador – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Transbordador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamag%C4%A9ra_(Beeri)" title="Kamagĩra (Beeri) – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kamagĩra (Beeri)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%9D%BD%EC%84%A0" title="연락선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연락선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trajekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paromo" title="Paromo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paromo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_feri" title="Kapal feri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal feri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferja" title="Ferja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traghetto" title="Traghetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Traghetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="מעבורת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעבורת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბორანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%B2%D8%B1%D8%A0_%D8%AC%D9%8E%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%95" title="ٲبی سَوٲرؠ جَہازٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٲبی سَوٲرؠ جَہازٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Сал қайық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сал қайық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feri" title="Feri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Feri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Паром – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Паром" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81" title="ເຮືອຂ້າມຟາກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຮືອຂ້າມຟາກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navis_traiectoria" title="Navis traiectoria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Navis traiectoria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%81mis" title="Prāmis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prāmis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4r" title="Fär – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fär" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltas" title="Keltas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%A1tiseli" title="Ekátiseli – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ekátiseli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp" title="Komp – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Komp" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Траект – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Траект" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="കടത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കടത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feri" title="Feri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Feri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa_feri" title="Kapa feri – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kapa feri" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqa_(dauveivoli)" title="Waqa (dauveivoli) – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Waqa (dauveivoli)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerboot" title="Veerboot – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veerboot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerboot" title="Veerboot – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Veerboot" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="フェリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бурам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бурам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6riskep" title="Föriskep – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Föriskep" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferje" title="Ferje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ferje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferje" title="Ferje – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ferje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A8rri" title="Fèrri – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fèrri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parom" title="Parom – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Parom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prom" title="Prom – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsa" title="Balsa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Balsa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feribot" title="Feribot – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Feribot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Паром – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trageti" title="Trageti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Trageti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traghettu" title="Traghettu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Traghettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ferry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Trajekt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trajekt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fera" title="Fera – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fera" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="کاشینک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاشینک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Трајект – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трајект" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trajekt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9ri" title="Féri – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Féri" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautta" title="Lautta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lautta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4rja" title="Färja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Färja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ferry" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80" title="ఫెర్రీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫెర్రీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feribot" title="Feribot – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Feribot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Пором – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пором" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragheto" title="Tragheto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tragheto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A0" title="Phà – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feri_(batea)" title="Feri (batea) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Feri (batea)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E8%BD%AE" title="渡轮 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="渡轮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E8%88%B9" title="渡船 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="渡船" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelpts" title="Kelpts – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kelpts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ship to carry people and goods on water</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ferryman" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ferry_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ferry (disambiguation)">Ferry (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferryman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ferryman (disambiguation)">Ferryman (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1202158006">.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background:#aaddff;color:#000}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-above{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-below{padding:0.4em;border-top:1px #aaa solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty (maritime) law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nautical_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nautical_icon.svg/120px-Nautical_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nautical_icon.svg/250px-Nautical_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a></li> <li><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Digest_(Roman_law)#Contents" title="Digest (Roman law)">Digesta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordinamenta_et_consuetudo_maris" title="Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris">Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalfian_Laws" title="Amalfian Laws">Amalfian Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Features</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">Shipping</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_rate" title="Freight rate">Freight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_navy" title="Merchant navy">Merchant marine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Cargo ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">Passenger ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_mortgage" title="Ship mortgage">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_registration" title="Ship registration">Registration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_insurance" title="Marine insurance">Marine insurance</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_God" title="Act of God">Act of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_insurance" title="Shipping insurance">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_collision" title="Ship collision">Collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_average" title="General average">General average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaworthiness_(law)" title="Seaworthiness (law)">Seaworthiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">Total loss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_security" title="Maritime security">Maritime security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">Letter of marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_drug_trafficking_in_Latin_America" title="Maritime drug trafficking in Latin America">Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">Smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_(law)" title="Prize (law)">Wartime prizes</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charterparty" title="Charterparty">charterparty</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affreightment" title="Affreightment">Affreightment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_agency" title="Law of agency">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barratry_(admiralty_law)" title="Barratry (admiralty law)">Barratry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_lading" title="Bill of lading">Bill of lading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbroking" title="Shipbroking">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartering_(shipping)" title="Chartering (shipping)">Chartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consignment" title="Consignment">Consignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demurrage" title="Demurrage">Demurrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_majeure" title="Force majeure">Force majeure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invoice" title="Invoice">Invoice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_invoice" title="Commercial invoice">Commercial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_forma" title="Pro forma">Pro forma</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laytime" title="Laytime">Laytime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lien" title="Lien">Lien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_lien" title="Maritime lien">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_(transportation)" title="Manifest (transportation)">Manifest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receipt" title="Receipt">Packing list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_delivery" title="Proof of delivery">Proof of delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_salvage" title="Marine salvage">Salvage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_salvage" title="Law of salvage">Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractual_term" title="Contractual term">Terms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incoterms" title="Incoterms">International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waybill" title="Waybill">Waybill</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Parties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_agency" title="Shipping agency">Agent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factor_(agent)" title="Factor (agent)">Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_forwarder" title="Freight forwarder">Freight forwarder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">Captain (Master)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_captain_goes_down_with_the_ship" title="The captain goes down with the ship">The captain goes down with the ship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carrier" title="Common carrier">Carrier</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chartering_(shipping)" title="Chartering (shipping)">Charterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_company" title="Freight company">Freight company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_management" title="Ship management">Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consignee" title="Consignee">Consignee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consignor" title="Consignor">Consignor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_(commercial_law)" title="Principal (commercial law)">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship-owner" title="Ship-owner">Owner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaman_status_in_United_States_admiralty_law" title="Seaman status in United States admiralty law">Seaman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">Mutiny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">Stevedore</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Judiciaries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiralty_court" title="Vice admiralty court">Vice admiralty court</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> International organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Maritime_International" title="Comité Maritime International">Comité Maritime International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Maritime_Arbitrators_Association" title="London Maritime Arbitrators Association">London Maritime Arbitrators Association</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> International conventions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hague-Visby_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague-Visby Rules">Hague-Visby Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Rules" title="Hamburg Rules">Hamburg Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Rules" title="Rotterdam Rules">Rotterdam Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Labour_Convention" title="Maritime Labour Convention">Maritime Labour Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_Salvage" title="International Convention on Salvage">International Convention on Salvage</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on <br /> the Law of the Sea <span style="font-size: 85%;">(UNCLOS)</span></a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_piracy_law" title="International piracy law">International piracy law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAS_Convention" title="SOLAS Convention">SOLAS Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARPOL_73/78" title="MARPOL 73/78">MARPOL Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballast_Water_Management_Convention" title="Ballast Water Management Convention">Ballast Water Management Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Control_of_Harmful_Anti-fouling_Systems_on_Ships" title="International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships">Anti-fouling Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_Load_Lines" title="International Convention on Load Lines">International Convention on Load Lines</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea" title="International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea">International Regulations for<br /> Preventing Collisions at Sea</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_Maritime_Search_and_Rescue" title="International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue">SAR Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Convention" title="Athens Convention">Athens Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Facilitation_of_International_Maritime_Traffic" title="Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic">Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> International Codes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Dangerous_Goods_Code" title="International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code">IMDG Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Safety_Management_Code" title="International Safety Management Code">ISM Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ship_and_Port_Facility_Security_Code" title="International Ship and Port Facility Security Code">ISPS Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_for_Ships_Operating_in_Polar_Waters" title="International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters">Polar Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_the_Construction_and_Equipment_of_Ships_Carrying_Liquefied_Gases_in_Bulk" title="International Code of the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk">IGC Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_for_the_Construction_and_Equipment_of_Ships_carrying_Dangerous_Chemicals_in_Bulk" title="International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk">IBC Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Safe_Practice_for_Ships_Carrying_Timber_Deck_Cargoes" title="Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes">TDC Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_on_Intact_Stability" title="International Code on Intact Stability">IS Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_for_the_Safe_Carriage_of_Grain_in_Bulk" title="International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk">International Grain Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Solid_Bulk_Cargoes_Code" title="International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code">IMSBC Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_for_the_Safe_Carriage_of_Packaged_Irradiated_Nuclear_Fuel,_Plutonium_and_High-Level_Radioactive_Wastes_on_board_Ships" title="International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on board Ships">INF Code</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Admiralty_law" title="Template:Admiralty law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Admiralty_law" title="Template talk:Admiralty law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Admiralty_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Admiralty law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>ferry</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boat</a> that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A small passenger ferry with multiple stops, like those in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, is sometimes referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Water_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Water bus">water taxi or water bus</a>. </p><p>Ferries form a part of the <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a <a href="/wiki/Capital_cost" title="Capital cost">capital cost</a> much lower than <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridges</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnels</a>. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>) may also be called ferry services, and many carry vehicles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The profession of the ferryman is embodied in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charon (mythology)">Charon</a>, the boatman who transported souls across the <a href="/wiki/River_Styx" class="mw-redirect" title="River Styx">River Styx</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a>. </p><p>Speculation that a pair of <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">oxen</a> propelled a ship having a water wheel can be found in 4th century Roman literature "<i>Anonymus De Rebus Bellicis</i>". Though impractical, there is no reason why it could not work and such a ferry, modified by using horses, was used in Lake Champlain in 19th-century America. See <a href="/wiki/Experiment_(horse_powered_boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Experiment (horse powered boat)">Experiment (horse powered boat)</a>. </p><p>In 1850 the roll-on roll-off (ro-ro) ferry, <i>Leviathan</i> designed to carry freight wagons efficiently across the Firth of Forth in Scotland started to operate between Granton, near Edinburgh, and Burntisland in Fife. The vessel design was highly innovative and the ability to move freight in great quantities and with minimal labour signalled the way ahead for sea-borne transport, converting the ro-ro ferry from an experimental and marginal ship type into one of central importance in the transport of goods and passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1871, the world's first car ferry crossed the <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a> in Istanbul. The iron steamship, named <i>Suhulet</i> (meaning 'ease' or 'convenience') was designed by the general manager of Şirket-i Hayriye (Bosporus Steam Navigation Company), Giritli Hüseyin Haki Bey and built by the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a> shipyard of <a href="/wiki/Maudslay,_Sons_and_Field" title="Maudslay, Sons and Field">Maudslay, Sons and Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It weighed 157 tons, was 155 feet (47 meters) long, 27 feet (8.2 meters) wide and had a draft of 9 feet (2.7 meters). It was capable of travelling up to 6 knots with the side wheel turned by its 450-horsepower, single-cylinder, two-cycle steam engine. Launched in 1872, Suhulet's unique features consisted of a symmetrical entry and exit for horse carriages, along with a dual system of hatchways. The ferry operated on the Üsküdar-Kabataş route, which is still serviced by modern ferries today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_services">Notable services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Ferry" title="Star Ferry">Star Ferry</a> carries passengers across <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Harbour" title="Victoria Harbour">Victoria Harbour</a>. Other carriers ferry travelers between Hong Kong Island and outlying islands like <a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau" title="Cheung Chau">Cheung Chau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantau_Island" title="Lantau Island">Lantau Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lamma_Island" title="Lamma Island">Lamma Island</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Nautical_Highway_System" title="Philippine Nautical Highway System">Philippine Nautical Highway System</a> forms the backbone of the nationwide transport system by integrating <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a> with <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highway</a> systems; the system has three main routes. Another known ferry service is the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River_Ferry_Service" title="Pasig River Ferry Service">Pasig River Ferry Service</a>, which is the only water-based transportation in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>. This system cruises the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">Part of this section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bangladesh" title="Transport in Bangladesh">Transport in Bangladesh</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Bangladesh&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Bangladesh&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Country_boats_in_Bangladesh" title="Country boats in Bangladesh">Country boats in Bangladesh</a></div> <p>The country's extensive river network makes <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ferries</a> a practical and affordable mode of transport. Passenger ferries, locally referred to as "launches," are widely used to travel to the southern and south-western regions of Bangladesh from the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most popular destinations include <a href="/wiki/Barisal_District" title="Barisal District">Barisal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhola_District" title="Bhola District">Bhola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patuakhali_District" title="Patuakhali District">Patuakhali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khulna_District" title="Khulna District">Khulna</a>. Additionally, there are water-transport routes connecting Dhaka with <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_of_Launch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Picture_of_Launch.JPG/250px-Picture_of_Launch.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Picture_of_Launch.JPG/330px-Picture_of_Launch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Picture_of_Launch.JPG/500px-Picture_of_Launch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A triple-decker launch (passenger ferry) on a river in Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 200 launches operate across 107 water routes throughout the country as of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To support the launch services, the BIWTA has developed 292 wharfs (<a href="/wiki/Ghat" title="Ghat"><i>ghats</i></a>) for the docking of these vessels,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and oversees 380 launch terminals.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 53 <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">roll-on/roll-off</a> ferries running on seven routes across the country: Paturia–Daulatdia, Aricha–Kazirhat, Shimulia–Banglabazar, Bhola–Lakshmipur, Lajarhat–Veduria, Char Kalipur–Kalipur Bazar and Harinaghat Chandpur–Shariatpur.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 800,000<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> small and medium wooden <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rowboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowboats">rowboats</a>, often retrofitted to be motorised,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are an important means of transportation for people and goods across the country, especially during the rainy season.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These boats transport over 1.2 million tonnes of freight annually.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these are the <a href="/wiki/Dinghy" title="Dinghy"><i>dingi</i></a>, which is the oldest form of Bengal boat. Larger cargo boats includes vessels such as the <i>balam</i>, <i>bajra</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sampan" title="Sampan">sampan</a></i>. Under the category of <i>bainkata</i> (flat-bottomed) boats are the <i>ghasi</i>, <i>gachari</i>, <i>dorakha</i>, <i>kathami</i>, <i>mallar</i>, <i>patam</i> and <i>panshi</i>, among others. Ubiquitous throughout Bangladesh, especially in monsoon flood-prone regions, is the <i>kosha,</i> a small, highly manoeuvrable boat that is easy to operate. These various traditional wooden boats play a vital role in providing transportation during the rainy season when other modes become impractical due to flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ferries are often overloaded and continue to operate in poor weather; many people die each year in ferry and launch accidents. From 2005 to 2015, nearly 1,800 casualties have been reported due to river transport incidents, a number which may be higher due to the prevalence of unregistered vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the launch <i>Pinak 6</i> sank in the <a href="/wiki/Padma_River" title="Padma River">Padma River</a> with more than 200 passengers aboard near <a href="/wiki/Munshiganj_District" title="Munshiganj District">Munshiganj's</a> <a href="/wiki/Louhajang_Upazila" title="Louhajang Upazila">Louhajang Upazila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>India's <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">ro-ro</a> ferry service between <a href="/wiki/Ghogha" title="Ghogha">Ghogha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dahej" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahej">Dahej</a> was inaugurated by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 22 October 2017. It aims to connect <a href="/wiki/South_Gujarat" title="South Gujarat">South Gujarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_(region)" title="Saurashtra (region)">Saurashtra</a> currently separated by 360 kilometres (220 mi) of roadway to 31 kilometres (19 mi) of ferry service. It is a part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Sagar_Mala_project" title="Sagar Mala project">Sagar Mala project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Water_transport_in_Mumbai" title="Water transport in Mumbai">Water transport in Mumbai</a> consists of ferries, hovercraft, and catamarans, operated by various government agencies as well as private entities. The <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Water_Transport_Department" title="Kerala State Water Transport Department">Kerala State Water Transport Department</a> (SWTD), operating under the Ministry of Transport, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government of Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> regulates the inland navigation systems in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> and provides inland water transport facilities. It stands for catering to the passenger and cargo traffic needs of the inhabitants of the waterlogged areas of the Districts of <a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kasargode" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasargode">Kasargode</a>. SWTD ferry service is also one of the most affordable modes to enjoy the beauty of the scenic <a href="/wiki/Kerala_backwaters" title="Kerala backwaters">Kerala backwaters</a>. </p><p>Ferry operates between <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Havelock_island" title="Havelock island">Havelock</a> & <a href="/wiki/Neil_Island" title="Neil Island">Neil Islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a> while Boat Operates For <a href="/wiki/Ross_Island,_South_Andaman_district" title="Ross Island, South Andaman district">Ross Island</a>, North Bay, Elephanta Beach, Red Skin, Jolly Bouy. Ferries and <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a> are operated by Green Ocean, Makruzz, ITT Majestic, Nautika.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia has several ferry routes which is managed mostly by PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) and several private companies. <a href="/wiki/ASDP_Indonesia_Ferry" title="ASDP Indonesia Ferry">ASDP_Indonesia_Ferry</a> or ASDP is a state-owned company engaged in the business of integrated ferry and port services and waterfront tourist destinations. ASDP operates a ferry fleet of more than 160 units handling more than 300 routes in 36 ports throughout Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ferry_operators_in_Japan" title="List of ferry operators in Japan">List of ferry operators in Japan</a></div> <p>Japan used to rely heavily on ferries for passenger and goods transportation among the four main islands of <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>. However, as highway and railway bridges and undersea tunnels (such as the <a href="/wiki/Seikan_Tunnel" title="Seikan Tunnel">Seikan Tunnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB%E2%80%93Shikoku_Bridge_Project" title="Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project">Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project</a>) have been constructed, the ferry transportation has recently become for short-distance sightseeing passengers with or without car, and for long-distance truck drivers hauling goods.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yawatahama_ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The number of actual seats has traditionally been very limited like on this Japanese passenger ferry, with larger spaces dedicated to tatami or broadloom areas where passengers can sit or lie down (on Shikoku and Kyushu ferry, 2014)."><img alt="The number of actual seats has traditionally been very limited like on this Japanese passenger ferry, with larger spaces dedicated to tatami or broadloom areas where passengers can sit or lie down (on Shikoku and Kyushu ferry, 2014)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Yawatahama_ferry.jpg/500px-Yawatahama_ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Yawatahama_ferry.jpg/960px-Yawatahama_ferry.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5056" data-file-height="2844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The number of actual seats has traditionally been very limited like on this Japanese passenger ferry, with larger spaces dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadloom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadloom (page does not exist)">broadloom</a> areas where passengers can sit or lie down (on <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> ferry, 2014).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:On_Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry_-_Inside_the_ferry_Nankyu_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside a short distance ferry, the Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry [ja], Kagoshima, Japan (2023)"><img alt="Inside a short distance ferry, the Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry [ja], Kagoshima, Japan (2023)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/On_Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry_-_Inside_the_ferry_Nankyu_%282023%29.jpg/500px-On_Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry_-_Inside_the_ferry_Nankyu_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/On_Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry_-_Inside_the_ferry_Nankyu_%282023%29.jpg/960px-On_Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry_-_Inside_the_ferry_Nankyu_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="2608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside a short distance ferry, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry (page does not exist)">Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamagawa-Nejime_Ferry" class="extiw" title="ja:Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry">ja</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagoshima, Japan">Kagoshima, Japan</a> (2023)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E9%A7%90%E8%BC%AA%E6%A9%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Long-distance ferries are also used by motorcyclists.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)"><img alt="Long-distance ferries are also used by motorcyclists.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E9%A7%90%E8%BC%AA%E6%A9%9F.jpg/500px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E9%A7%90%E8%BC%AA%E6%A9%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E9%A7%90%E8%BC%AA%E6%A9%9F.jpg/960px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E9%A7%90%E8%BC%AA%E6%A9%9F.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Long-distance ferries are also used by motorcyclists.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A second-class cabin on the ferry connecting Tokyo and Kitakyushu. A simple bed with curtains.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)"><img alt="A second-class cabin on the ferry connecting Tokyo and Kitakyushu. A simple bed with curtains.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85.jpg/250px-%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85.jpg/330px-%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%B9%E5%86%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A second-class cabin on the ferry connecting Tokyo and Kitakyushu. A simple bed with curtains.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town,_Penang_2025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg/250px-Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg/330px-Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg/500px-Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7832" data-file-height="5874" /></a><figcaption>A catamaran off the <a href="/wiki/Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal" title="Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal">Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2025</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Penang_ferry_service" title="Penang ferry service">oldest ferry service in the country</a>. The first regular ferry service operating across the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a> between George Town and Province Wellesley (now <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>) was launched in 1894 by Quah Beng Kee and his brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The iconic yellow double-deck <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferries</a> were introduced in 1957. Between 1959 and 2002, a total of 15 vessels were commissioned for the service.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently operated by the Penang Port Commission, the ferry service has evolved over the decades. The RORO ferries were retired in 2021, with speedboats temporarily replacing them.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, these speedboats were succeeded by four newly-built catamarans, which now serve only passengers and motorcyclists. These catamarans operate between the <a href="/wiki/Raja_Tun_Uda_Ferry_Terminal" title="Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal">Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal</a> in George Town and the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Ferry_Terminal" title="Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal">Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal</a> in Seberang Perai.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Federation">Russian Federation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Russian Federation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the geographical features of Russia, it has a large number of both sea and river ferry crossings. Car ferries operate from the continental part of Russia to Sakhalin, Kamchatka and Japan. The Ust-Luga – Kaliningrad ferry also runs, until February 2022 ferries also ran from St. Petersburg to different cities of the Baltic Sea. Before the construction of the Kerch Bridge, there was a ferry across the Kerch Strait, whose service was resumed after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">Kerch bridge explosion</a>. There are also more than 100 ferry crossings on different rivers in Russia. These are usually symmetrical through ferries with two ramps for quick entry and exit of cars. For some categories of car owners, these ferries may be free if there is no alternative crossing of the river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Great_Britain">Great Britain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Great Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The busiest seaway in the world, the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, connects Great Britain and mainland Europe, with ships sailing from the UK ports of <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newhaven,_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Newhaven, East Sussex">Newhaven</a>, Poole,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> to French ports, such as <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieppe,_Seine-Maritime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieppe, Seine-Maritime">Dieppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roscoff" title="Roscoff">Roscoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg-Octeville" title="Cherbourg-Octeville">Cherbourg-Octeville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Malo" class="mw-redirect" title="St Malo">St Malo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>. The busiest ferry route to France is the Dover to Calais crossing with approximately 9,168,000 passengers using the service in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferries from Great Britain also sail to Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Ireland. Some ferries carry mainly tourist traffic, but most also carry freight, and some are exclusively for the use of freight lorries. In Britain, car-carrying ferries are sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/RORO" class="mw-redirect" title="RORO">RORO</a> (roll-on, roll-off) for the ease by which vehicles can board and leave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Denmark">Denmark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The busiest single ferry route in terms of the number of departures is across the northern part of <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund" title="Øresund">Øresund</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Helsingborg" title="Helsingborg">Helsingborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elsinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsinore">Elsinore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Before the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Øresund bridge">Øresund bridge</a> was opened in July 2000, car and "car and train" ferries departed up to seven times every hour (every 8.5 minutes). This has since been reduced, but a car ferry still departs from each harbor every 15 minutes during daytime.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The route is around 2.2 nautical miles (4.1 km; 2.5 mi) and the crossing takes 22 minutes. Today, all ferries on this route are constructed so that they do not need to turn around in the harbors. This also means that the ferries lack <a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">stems</a> and sterns, since the vessels sail in both directions. Starboard and port-side are dynamic, depending on the direction the ferry sails. Despite the short crossing, the ferries are equipped with restaurants (on three out of four ferries), cafeterias, and kiosks. Passengers without cars often make a double or triple return journey in the restaurants; for this, a single journey ticket is sufficient. Passenger and bicycle passenger tickets are inexpensive compared with longer routes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baltic_Sea">Baltic Sea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Baltic Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Large <a href="/wiki/Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">cruiseferries</a> sail in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> between <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. In many ways, these ferries are like <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>, but they can also carry hundreds of cars on car decks. Besides providing passenger and car transport across the sea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea_cruise-ferries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltic Sea cruise-ferries (page does not exist)">Baltic Sea cruise-ferries</a> are a popular tourist destination unto themselves, with multiple restaurants, nightclubs, bars, shops and entertainment on board. <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> was the busiest international passenger ferry port in the world in 2017 with over 11.8 million passengers whilst the second business international ferry port, Dover, had 11.7 million passengers. The Helsinki-<a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> route alone accounted for nine million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 the port of Helsinki had almost 8 million passengers, of which 6.3 million travelled between Helsinki and Tallinn.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally many smaller ferries operate on domestic routes in Finland, Sweden and Estonia. </p><p>The south-west and southern parts of the Baltic Sea has several routes mainly for heavy traffic and cars. The ferry routes of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8dby" title="Rødby">Rødby</a>-<a href="/wiki/Puttgarden" title="Puttgarden">Puttgarden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trelleborg" title="Trelleborg">Trelleborg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trelleborg" title="Trelleborg">Trelleborg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Travem%C3%BCnde" title="Travemünde">Travemünde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trelleborg" title="Trelleborg">Trelleborg</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gedser" title="Gedser">Gedser</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Karlskrona" title="Karlskrona">Karlskrona</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ystad" title="Ystad">Ystad</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a> are all typical <i>transports</i> ferries. On the longer of these routes, simple cabins are available. Some of these routes previously also carried trains, but since 2020 these trains are instead routed around the Baltic via the <a href="/wiki/Great_Belt_fixed_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Belt fixed link">Great Belt fixed link</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkey">Turkey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, ferries connect the European and Asian shores of <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Princes%27_Islands" title="Princes' Islands">Princes' Islands</a> and nearby coastal towns. In 2014, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0DO" title="İDO">İDO</a> transported 47 million passengers, the largest ferry system in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italy">Italy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg/250px-Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg/330px-Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg/500px-Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rialto" title="Rialto">Rialto</a> water taxi station in Venice, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest ferry system in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. The city's <i>water taxis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i>taxi d'acqua</i>) provide service all around the city's <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a>. They can carry up to 10 people.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They operate on a series of lines that stop at different locations around Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sweden">Sweden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The world's shortest ferry line is the <a href="/wiki/Ferry_Lina" title="Ferry Lina">Ferry Lina</a> in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6reboda" title="Töreboda">Töreboda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. It takes around 20–25 seconds and is hand powered.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MS Silja Symphony leaving Helsinki via the Kustaanmiekka strait to the Baltic Sea."><img alt="MS Silja Symphony leaving Helsinki via the Kustaanmiekka strait to the Baltic Sea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg/330px-Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg/500px-Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg/960px-Silja_Symphony_Kustaanmiekka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MS_Silja_Symphony" title="MS Silja Symphony">MS <i>Silja Symphony</i></a> leaving <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> via the Kustaanmiekka strait to the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSF_Festos_Palace_wisnia6522.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ro-Pax Festos Palace in Piraeus, Greece"><img alt="Ro-Pax Festos Palace in Piraeus, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/HSF_Festos_Palace_wisnia6522.jpg/500px-HSF_Festos_Palace_wisnia6522.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/HSF_Festos_Palace_wisnia6522.jpg/960px-HSF_Festos_Palace_wisnia6522.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ro-Pax <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Festos_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="MV Festos Palace">Festos Palace</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, Greece</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 203.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A road ferry between Oulu and the Hailuoto Island on the Bothnian Bay"><img alt="A road ferry between Oulu and the Hailuoto Island on the Bothnian Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg/330px-Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg/500px-Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg/960px-Road_ferry_Merisilta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A road ferry between <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hailuoto_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailuoto Island">Hailuoto Island</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 263.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_and_deck_of_Gullbritt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M/S Gullbritt in the Gullmar Fjord close to Lysekil, Sweden. Sweden has many of these yellow ferries that are run by the Swedish Transport Administration. Almost all of them are free of charge."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bridge_and_deck_of_Gullbritt.jpg/500px-Bridge_and_deck_of_Gullbritt.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bridge_and_deck_of_Gullbritt.jpg/960px-Bridge_and_deck_of_Gullbritt.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4401" data-file-height="3341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M/S <i>Gullbritt</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Gullmarn" title="Gullmarn">Gullmar Fjord</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Lysekil" title="Lysekil">Lysekil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Sweden has many of these yellow ferries that are run by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Transport_Administration" title="Swedish Transport Administration">Swedish Transport Administration</a>. Almost all of them are free of charge.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the numbers of large freshwater lakes and length of shoreline in Canada, various provinces and territories have ferry services. </p><p><a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">BC Ferries</a> operates the third largest ferry service in the world which carries travellers between <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> mainland on the country's west coast. This ferry service operates to other islands including the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Islands" title="Gulf Islands">Gulf Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haida_Gwaii" title="Haida Gwaii">Haida Gwaii</a>. In 2015, BC Ferries carried more than 8 million vehicles and 20 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> there is <a href="/wiki/SeaBus" title="SeaBus">SeaBus</a>. </p><p>Canada's east coast has been home to numerous inter- and intra-provincial ferry and coastal services, including a large network operated by the federal government under <a href="/wiki/CN_Marine" title="CN Marine">CN Marine</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Marine_Atlantic" title="Marine Atlantic">Marine Atlantic</a>. Private and publicly owned ferry operations in eastern Canada include Marine Atlantic, serving the island of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ferries" title="Bay Ferries">Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Ferries_Limited" title="Northumberland Ferries Limited">NFL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coop%C3%A9rative_de_transport_maritime_et_a%C3%A9rien" class="mw-redirect" title="Coopérative de transport maritime et aérien">CTMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Transport_Limited" title="Coastal Transport Limited">Coastal Transport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_traversiers_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Société des traversiers du Québec">STQ</a>. Canadian waters in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> once hosted numerous ferry services, but these have been reduced to those offered by <a href="/wiki/Owen_Sound_Transportation_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen Sound Transportation Company Limited">Owen Sound Transportation</a> and several smaller operations. There are also several commuter passenger ferry services operated in major cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Metro_Transit_(Halifax)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Transit (Halifax)">Metro Transit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Island_ferries" title="Toronto Island ferries">Toronto Island ferries</a> in Toronto. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_traversiers_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Société des traversiers du Québec">Société des traversiers du Québec</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> coast's geography, consisting of numerous sounds, inlets, tidal arms, and islands, ferry transportation is essential in the region. The state operates twelve routes, eight of which are under the oversight of the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Department_of_Transportation_Ferry_Division" title="North Carolina Department of Transportation Ferry Division">North Carolina Department of Transportation Ferry Division</a>, three of which are under the direct oversight of the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Department_of_Transportation" title="North Carolina Department of Transportation">North Carolina Department of Transportation</a>, and one of which is under the oversight of the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Division_of_Parks_and_Recreation" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation">North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the Ferry Division routes are tolled, and all ferry routes operated by the North Carolina Department of Transportation carry both vehicles and pedestrians, although certain vessels only carry pedestrians and cyclists. The National Park Service additionally works with private companies to offer ferry service to locations such as <a href="/wiki/Cape_Lookout_National_Seashore" title="Cape Lookout National Seashore">Cape Lookout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_North_Carolina" title="Portsmouth, North Carolina">Portsmouth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Ferries" title="Washington State Ferries">Washington State Ferries</a> operates the most extensive ferry system in the continental United States and the second largest in the world by vehicles carried, with ten routes on <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Juan_de_Fuca" title="Strait of Juan de Fuca">Strait of Juan de Fuca</a> serving <a href="/wiki/Ferry_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferry terminal">terminals</a> in Washington and Vancouver Island.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Washington State Ferries carried 10.5 million vehicles and 24.2 million riders in total.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Marine_Highway" title="Alaska Marine Highway">Alaska Marine Highway System</a> provides service between Bellingham, Washington, and various towns and villages throughout Southeast and Southwest Alaska, including crossings of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a>. AMHS provides affordable access to many small communities with no road connection or airport. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">New York City</a>, sailing between the boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, is the nation's single busiest ferry route by passenger volume. Unlike riders on many other ferry services, Staten Island Ferry passengers do not pay any fare to ride it. New York City also has a network of smaller ferries, or <i>water taxis</i>, that shuttle commuters along the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> from locations in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and Northern <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> down to the midtown, downtown and Wall Street business centers. Several ferry companies also offer service linking midtown and lower Manhattan with locations in the boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, crossing the city's <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a>. New York City Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> announced in February 2015 that city would begin an expanded Citywide Ferry Service, and launched as <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a> in 2017, linking heretofore relatively isolated communities such as <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soundview,_Bronx" title="Soundview, Bronx">Soundview</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Queens" title="Astoria, Queens">Astoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockaway,_Queens" title="Rockaway, Queens">the Rockaways</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and such <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> neighborhoods as <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a> with existing ferry landings in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>. A second expansion phase connected <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> to the West Side of Manhattan, and added a stop in Throgs Neck, in the Bronx. NYC Ferry is now the largest passenger fleet in the United States. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> area also has many ferries that carry both vehicles and pedestrians. Most notable is the Algiers Ferry, which has been in continuous operation since 1827 and is one of the oldest operating ferries in North America. In New England, vehicle-carrying ferry services between mainland <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a> are operated by <a href="/wiki/The_Woods_Hole,_Martha%27s_Vineyard_and_Nantucket_Steamship_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority">The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority</a>, which sails year-round between <a href="/wiki/Woods_Hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Woods Hole">Woods Hole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="Vineyard Haven">Vineyard Haven</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Hyannis,_Massachusetts" title="Hyannis, Massachusetts">Hyannis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a>. Seasonal service is also operated from Woods Hole to <a href="/wiki/Oak_Bluffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Bluffs">Oak Bluffs</a> during the summer and fall. As there are no bridges or tunnels connecting the islands to the mainland, The Steamship Authority ferries in addition to being the only method for transporting private cars to or from the islands, also ferry heavy freight and supplies, such as construction materials and fuel, competing with tug and barge companies. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Hy-Line_Cruises" title="Hy-Line Cruises">Hy-Line Cruises</a> operates high-speed catamaran service from Hyannis to both islands, and several smaller operations run seasonal passenger-only service primarily geared towards tourist <a href="/wiki/Day-tripper" class="mw-redirect" title="Day-tripper">day-trippers</a> from other mainland ports, including <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford, MA">New Bedford</a>, (New Bedford Fast Ferry) <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Falmouth, MA">Falmouth</a>, (Island Queen ferry and Falmouth Ferry) and <a href="/wiki/Harwich,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Harwich, MA">Harwich</a> (Freedom Cruise Line). Ferries also bring riders and vehicles across <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> to such <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> cities as <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Block_Island" title="Block Island">Block Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> from points on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. </p><p>Transbay commuting in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> was primarily ferry-based until the advent of automobiles in the 1940s, and most bridges in the area were built to supplant ferry services. By the 1970s, ferries were primarily used by tourists with <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Ferry" title="Golden Gate Ferry">Golden Gate Ferry</a>, an organization under the ownership of the same governing body as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a>, left as the sole commute operator. The <a href="/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake">1989 Loma Prieta earthquake</a> prompted the restoration of service to the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay" title="East Bay">East Bay</a>. The modern ferry network is primarily under the authority of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry" title="San Francisco Bay Ferry">San Francisco Bay Ferry</a>, connecting with cities as far as <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a>. Tourist excursions are also offered by <a href="/wiki/Blue_%26_Gold_Fleet" title="Blue & Gold Fleet">Blue & Gold Fleet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_%26_White_Fleet" title="Red & White Fleet">Red & White Fleet</a>. A ferry serves <a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)" title="Angel Island (California)">Angel Island</a> (which also accepts private craft). <a href="/wiki/Alcatraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz">Alcatraz</a> is served exclusively by ferry service administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ferries_of_San_Francisco_Bay" title="Ferries of San Francisco Bay">Ferries of San Francisco Bay</a></div> <p>Until the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Bridge" title="Mackinac Bridge">Mackinac Bridge</a> in the 1950s, ferries were used for vehicle transportation between the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsulas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a> in the United States. Ferry service for <a href="/wiki/Bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycles">bicycles</a> and passengers continues across the straits for transport to <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island" title="Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a>, where motorized vehicles are almost completely prohibited. This crossing is made possible by two ferry lines <a href="/wiki/Shepler%27s_Ferry" title="Shepler's Ferry">Shepler's Ferry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Line_Ferry" title="Star Line Ferry">Mackinac Island Ferry Company (formerly Star Line)</a>. </p><p>A ferry service runs between <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon, Michigan</a> operated by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Express" title="Lake Express">Lake Express</a>. Another ferry <a href="/wiki/SS_Badger" title="SS Badger">SS Badger</a> operates between <a href="/wiki/Manitowoc,_Wisconsin" title="Manitowoc, Wisconsin">Manitowoc, Wisconsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludington,_Michigan" title="Ludington, Michigan">Ludington, Michigan</a>. Both cross <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>. </p><p>Numerous additional inland ferry routes exist in the United States, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cave-In-Rock_Ferry" title="Cave-In-Rock Ferry">Cave-In-Rock Ferry</a> across the Ohio River, and the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_147" title="Tennessee State Route 147">Benton-Houston Ferry</a> across the Tennessee River. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Modernization_of_ferry_system">Modernization of ferry system</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Modernization of ferry system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FTA announced in September 2024 that it would award $300 million in grants to modernize ferry systems in the United States. These grants will support 18 projects across 14 states, emphasizing upgrading environmentally friendly <a href="/wiki/Marine_propulsion" title="Marine propulsion">propulsion</a> systems. Eight of the 18 projects will receive funding for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-m614_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m614-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One notable project is the San Francisco ferry system, which will receive $11.5 million to improve the connection between Treasure Island and Mission Bay. In Maine, the ferry system will be upgraded in Lincolnville and Islesboro. Additionally, Alaska will receive a significant $106.4 million grant to replace a 60-year-old vessel operating in the southwest. This vessel is a crucial connector for the region.<sup id="cite_ref-m614_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m614-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These grants are part of the FTA's efforts to improve ferry transportation in the United States and promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable transportation">sustainable transportation</a> options.<sup id="cite_ref-m614_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m614-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mexico has ferry services run by <a href="/wiki/Baja_Ferries" title="Baja Ferries">Baja Ferries</a> that connect <a href="/wiki/La_Paz,_Baja_California_Sur" title="La Paz, Baja California Sur">La Paz</a> located on the Baja California Peninsula with <a href="/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n" title="Mazatlán">Mazatlán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Topolobampo" title="Topolobampo">Topolobampo</a>. Passenger ferries also run from <a href="/wiki/Playa_del_Carmen" title="Playa del Carmen">Playa del Carmen</a> to the island of <a href="/wiki/Cozumel" title="Cozumel">Cozumel</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 266.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 264.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spirit_of_vi_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MV Spirit of Vancouver Island en route to Tsawwassen from Swartz Bay. Route 1 is BC Ferries busiest route."><img alt="MV Spirit of Vancouver Island en route to Tsawwassen from Swartz Bay. Route 1 is BC Ferries busiest route." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Spirit_of_vi_3.jpg/500px-Spirit_of_vi_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Spirit_of_vi_3.jpg/960px-Spirit_of_vi_3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MV_Spirit_of_Vancouver_Island" title="MV Spirit of Vancouver Island">MV <i>Spirit of Vancouver Island</i></a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Tsawwassen_Ferry_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal">Tsawwassen</a> from <a href="/wiki/Swartz_Bay_Ferry_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal">Swartz Bay</a>. Route 1 is <a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">BC Ferries</a> busiest route.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_State_Ferry_6415.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The MV Spokane sailing from Edmonds to Kingston, one of ten routes served by Washington State Ferries."><img alt="The MV Spokane sailing from Edmonds to Kingston, one of ten routes served by Washington State Ferries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Washington_State_Ferry_6415.JPG/500px-Washington_State_Ferry_6415.JPG" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Washington_State_Ferry_6415.JPG/960px-Washington_State_Ferry_6415.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Spokane" title="MV Spokane">MV Spokane</a></i> sailing from <a href="/wiki/Edmonds,_Washington" title="Edmonds, Washington">Edmonds</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Washington" title="Kingston, Washington">Kingston</a>, one of ten routes served by <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Ferries" title="Washington State Ferries">Washington State Ferries</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaska Marine Highway System ferries MV LeConte and MV Kennicott near Juneau, Alaska"><img alt="Alaska Marine Highway System ferries MV LeConte and MV Kennicott near Juneau, Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg/330px-LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg/500px-LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg/960px-LeConte_Kennicott_30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2239" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alaska Marine Highway System ferries <a href="/wiki/MV_LeConte" title="MV LeConte">MV <i>LeConte</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/MV_Kennicott" title="MV Kennicott">MV <i>Kennicott</i></a> near <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau, Alaska</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several ferries in South America. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chacao_Channel" title="Chacao Channel">Chacao Channel</a> has ferry lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australia, two <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Tasmania" title="Spirit of Tasmania">Spirit of Tasmania</a> ferries carry passengers and vehicles 450 kilometres (280 mi) across <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>, the body of water that separates <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> from the Australian mainland, often under turbulent sea conditions. These run overnight but also include day crossings in peak time. Both ferries are based in the northern Tasmanian port city of <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a> and sail to <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>. Before Geelong this ferry used to sail to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The double-ended Freshwater-class ferry cuts an iconic shape as it makes its way up and down Sydney Harbour <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> between <a href="/wiki/Manly,_New_South_Wales" title="Manly, New South Wales">Manly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circular_Quay" title="Circular Quay">Circular Quay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In New Zealand, ferries connect <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> with <a href="/wiki/Picton,_New_Zealand" title="Picton, New Zealand">Picton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>, linking New Zealand's two main islands. The route is 92 kilometres (57 mi), and is run by two companies – government-owned <a href="/wiki/Interislander" title="Interislander">Interislander</a>, and independent <a href="/wiki/Strait_Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Strait Shipping">Bluebridge</a>, who say the trip takes three and half hours.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 312.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Devonport-Spirit-Of-Tasmania-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MS Spirit of Tasmania II at port in Devonport, Australia."><img alt="MS Spirit of Tasmania II at port in Devonport, Australia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Devonport-Spirit-Of-Tasmania-2008.jpg/500px-Devonport-Spirit-Of-Tasmania-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="311" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Devonport-Spirit-Of-Tasmania-2008.jpg/960px-Devonport-Spirit-Of-Tasmania-2008.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="1538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MS_Spirit_of_Tasmania_II" title="MS Spirit of Tasmania II">MS <i>Spirit of Tasmania II</i></a> at port in <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a>, Australia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Ferry_Freshwater.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Manly Ferry 'MV Freshwater'"><img alt="The Manly Ferry 'MV Freshwater'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sydney_Ferry_Freshwater.jpg/500px-Sydney_Ferry_Freshwater.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sydney_Ferry_Freshwater.jpg/960px-Sydney_Ferry_Freshwater.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Manly Ferry '<a href="/wiki/MV_Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="MV Freshwater">MV Freshwater</a>'</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferry designs depend on the length of the route, the passenger or vehicle capacity required, speed requirements and the water conditions the craft must deal with. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double-ended">Double-ended</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Double-ended"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrytobermory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ferrytobermory.jpg/250px-Ferrytobermory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ferrytobermory.jpg/330px-Ferrytobermory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ferrytobermory.jpg/500px-Ferrytobermory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Ferry in Ontario (Manitoulin Island) vehicles load via the front and back of the ferry opening hull</figcaption></figure> <p>Double-ended ferries have interchangeable bows and sterns, allowing them to shuttle back and forth between two <a href="/wiki/Ferry_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferry terminal">terminals</a> without having to turn around. Well-known double-ended ferry systems include the <a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">BC Ferries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Ferries" title="Washington State Ferries">Washington State Ferries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Ferry" title="Star Ferry">Star Ferry</a>, several ferries on the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Ferry_System" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Ferry System">North Carolina Ferry System</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain_Transportation_Company" title="Lake Champlain Transportation Company">Lake Champlain Transportation Company</a>. Most Norwegian fjord and coastal ferries are double-ended vessels. All <a href="/wiki/Marine_Atlantic" title="Marine Atlantic">ferries</a> from southern <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> to the mainland of Canada were double-ended. This service was discontinued upon completion of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_Bridge" title="Confederation Bridge">Confederation Bridge</a>. Some ferries in <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Ferries" title="Sydney Ferries">Sydney, Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">British Columbia</a> are also double-ended. In 2008, BC Ferries launched the first of the <a href="/wiki/Coastal-class_ferry" title="Coastal-class ferry">Coastal-class ferries</a>, which at the time were the world's largest double enders. These were surpassed as the world's largest double-enders when <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a> launched their first double-ender, called the <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Pioneer" class="mw-redirect" title="P&O Pioneer">P&O Pioneer</a>, which entered service in June 2023 replacing Pride of Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Hydrofoil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoils</a> have the advantage of higher cruising speeds, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a> on some English Channel routes where the ferries now compete against the Eurotunnel and <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> trains that use the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a>. Passenger-only hydrofoils also proved a practical, fast and relatively economical solution in the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, but were recently replaced by faster <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> "high speed" ferries that can carry cars. Their replacement by the larger craft is seen by critics as a retrograde step given that the new vessels use much more fuel and foster the inappropriate use of cars<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in islands already suffering from the impact of mass tourism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Hovercraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg/220px-SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg/330px-SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg/440px-SRN4_Hovercraft_Mountbatten_Class.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>Mark 3 <a href="/wiki/SR.N4" title="SR.N4">SR.N4</a> hovercraft, <a href="/wiki/Port_Dover" title="Port Dover">Dover</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a> were developed in the 1960s and 1970s to carry cars. The largest was the massive <a href="/wiki/SR.N4" title="SR.N4">SR.N4</a> which carried cars in its centre section with ramps at the bow and stern between England and France. The hovercraft was superseded by catamarans which are nearly as fast and are less affected by sea and weather conditions. Only one service now remains, a foot passenger service between <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> run by <a href="/wiki/Hovertravel" title="Hovertravel">Hovertravel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catamaran">Catamaran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Catamaran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hsc_manannan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hsc_manannan.png/250px-Hsc_manannan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hsc_manannan.png/330px-Hsc_manannan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hsc_manannan.png/500px-Hsc_manannan.png 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Incat" title="Incat">Incat</a> built <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a> <a href="/wiki/HSC_Manannan" title="HSC Manannan">HSC <i>Manannan</i></a> entering <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas, Isle of Man</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1990 high speed <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a> have revolutionised ferry services, replacing <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrofoils" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrofoils">hydrofoils</a> and conventional monohull ferries. In the 1990s there were a variety of builders, but the industry has consolidated to two builders of large vehicular ferries between 60 and 120 metres. <a href="/wiki/Incat" title="Incat">Incat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, Tasmania favours a <a href="/wiki/Wave-piercing_hull" title="Wave-piercing hull">Wave-piercing hull</a> to deliver a smooth ride, while <a href="/wiki/Austal" title="Austal">Austal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Western Australia builds ships based on <a href="/wiki/Small-waterplane-area_twin_hull" title="Small-waterplane-area twin hull">SWATH</a> designs. Both these companies also compete in the smaller river ferry industry with a number of other ship builders. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stena_Line" title="Stena Line">Stena Line</a> once operated the largest catamarans in the world, the <a href="/wiki/High-speed_Sea_Service" title="High-speed Sea Service">Stena HSS</a> class, between the United Kingdom and Ireland. These <a href="/wiki/Water_jet_(propulsion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water jet (propulsion)">waterjet</a>-powered vessels, displaced 19,638 tonnes, accommodating 375 passenger cars and 1,500 passengers. Other examples of these super-size catamarans are found in the <a href="/wiki/Condor_Ferries" title="Condor Ferries">Condor Ferries</a> fleet with the Condor Voyager and Rapide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roll-on/roll-off"><span id="Roll-on.2Froll-off"></span>Roll-on/roll-off</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Roll-on/roll-off"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG/220px-Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG/330px-Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG/440px-Pont-Aven_Car_Deck.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Lorries preparing to unload from the <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Pont-Aven" title="MV Pont-Aven">Pont-Aven</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Ferries" title="Brittany Ferries">Brittany Ferries</a> flagship</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off</a> ferries (RORO) are large conventional ferries named for the ease by which vehicles can board and leave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruiseferry_/_RoPax"><span id="Cruiseferry_.2F_RoPax"></span>Cruiseferry / RoPax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cruiseferry / RoPax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">cruiseferry</a> is a ship that combines the features of a <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a> with a roll-on/roll-off ferry. They are also known as <a href="/wiki/RoPax" class="mw-redirect" title="RoPax">RoPax</a> for their combined Roll on/Roll Off and passenger design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fast_RoPax_ferry">Fast RoPax ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Fast RoPax ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Superfast_XI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Superfast_XI.jpg/220px-Superfast_XI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Superfast_XI.jpg/330px-Superfast_XI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Superfast_XI.jpg/440px-Superfast_XI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MS_Superfast_XI" title="MS Superfast XI">MS <i>Superfast XI</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fast <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off#ROPAX" title="Roll-on/roll-off">RoPax ferries</a> are conventional ferries with a large garage intake and a relatively large passenger capacity, with conventional diesel propulsion and propellers that sail over 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). Pioneering this class of ferries was <a href="/wiki/Attica_Group" title="Attica Group">Attica Group</a>, when it introduced Superfast I between Greece and Italy in 1995 through its subsidiary company <a href="/wiki/Superfast_Ferries" title="Superfast Ferries">Superfast Ferries</a>. Cabins, if existent, are much smaller than those on cruise ships.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turntable_ferry">Turntable ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Turntable ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skye_ferry_scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Skye_ferry_scotland.jpg/250px-Skye_ferry_scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Skye_ferry_scotland.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Turntable ferry <a href="/wiki/MV_Glenachulish" title="MV Glenachulish">MV <i>Glenachulish</i></a> operating between <a href="/wiki/Glenelg,_Highland" title="Glenelg, Highland">Glenelg</a> on the Scottish mainland, and <a href="/wiki/Kylerhea" title="Kylerhea">Kylerhea</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Skye" class="mw-redirect" title="Skye">Isle of Skye</a>. Built in 1969, she is the last manually operated turntable ferry in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>This type of ferry allows vehicles to load from the "side". The vehicle platform can be turned. When loading, the platform is turned sideways to allow sideways loading of vehicles. Then the platform is turned back, in line with the vessel, and the journey across water is made. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pontoon_ferry">Pontoon ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Pontoon ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg/250px-Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg/330px-Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg/500px-Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>The Lower <a href="/wiki/Kingswear" title="Kingswear">Kingswear</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Devon" title="Dartmouth, Devon">Dartmouth</a> ferry, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, England. The <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontoon (boat)">pontoon</a> carries eight cars and is towed across the <a href="/wiki/River_Dart" title="River Dart">River Dart</a> by a small tug. Two ropes connect the tug to the pontoon.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pontoon_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontoon (boat)">Pontoon</a> ferries and <a href="/wiki/Flat-bottomed_boat" title="Flat-bottomed boat">flat-bottomed boats</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">punts</a> carry passengers and vehicles across rivers and lakes and are widely used in less-developed countries with large rivers where the cost of bridge construction is prohibitive. One or more vehicles are carried on such ferries with <a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">ramps</a> at either end for vehicles or animals to board. <a href="#Cable_ferry">Cable ferries</a> are usually pontoon ferries. In the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany many such small cable ferries exist and are called <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCnte" title="Pünte">püntes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train_ferry">Train ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Train ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg/220px-101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg/330px-101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg/440px-101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Train and car ferry between Calabria and Sicily, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>A train ferry is a ship designed to carry railway vehicles. Typically, one level of the ship is fitted with railway tracks, and the vessel has a door at either or both of the front and rear to give access to the <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharves</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foot_ferry">Foot ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Foot ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foot ferries are small craft used to ferry foot passengers, and often also cyclists, over rivers. These are either self-propelled craft or cable ferries. Such ferries are for example to be found on the lower <a href="/wiki/Schelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Schelde">River Scheldt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and in particular the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Regular foot ferry service also exists in the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, and across the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a> in Melbourne, Australia at <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Victoria" title="Newport, Victoria">Newport</a>. Restored, expanded ferry service in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a> uses boats for pedestrians only. </p><p>The UK has a variety of historic foot ferries such as the Butley Foot Ferry across <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butley_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butley Creek (page does not exist)">Butley Creek</a> which dates back to 1383.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable_ferry">Cable ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cable ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reaction_ferry" title="Reaction ferry">Reaction ferry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg/250px-Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg/330px-Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg/500px-Small_Mannum_Ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>One of several self-propelled cable ferries that cross the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a> in South Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Very short distances may be crossed by a <a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">cable or chain ferry</a>, which is usually a pontoon ferry (see above), where the ferry is propelled along and steered by cables connected to each shore. Sometimes the cable ferry is human powered by someone on the boat. <a href="/wiki/Reaction_ferry" title="Reaction ferry">Reaction ferries</a> are cable ferries that use the perpendicular force of the current as a source of power. Examples of a current propelled ferry are the four Rhine ferries in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cable ferries may be used in fast-flowing rivers across short distances. With an ocean crossing of approximately 1900 metres, the cable ferry between Vancouver Island and Denman Island in British Columbia; is the longest one in the world. </p><p>Free ferries operate in some parts of the world, such as at <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a> in London, England (across the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>); in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands (across the <a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">IJ</a> waterway); along the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, and across many lakes in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. Many cable ferries operate on lakes and rivers in Canada, among them a <a href="/wiki/Reaction_ferry" title="Reaction ferry">cable ferry</a> that charges a toll operates on the <a href="/wiki/Laval-sur-le-Lac%E2%80%93%C3%8Ele-Bizard_Ferry" title="Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry">Rivière des Prairies</a> between <a href="/wiki/Laval-sur-le-Lac" title="Laval-sur-le-Lac">Laval-sur-le-Lac</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Bizard" title="Île Bizard">Île Bizard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada. In Finland there were 40 road ferries (cable ferries) in 2009, on lakes, rivers and on sea between islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_ferries">Air ferries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Air ferries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Air_ferry" title="Air ferry">Air ferry</a></div> <p>In the 1950s and 1960s, travel on an "air ferry" was possible—airplanes, often ex-military, specially equipped to take a small number of cars in addition to foot passengers. These operated various routes including between the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a>. Companies operating such services included <a href="/wiki/Channel_Air_Bridge" title="Channel Air Bridge">Channel Air Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_City_Airways" title="Silver City Airways">Silver City Airways</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corsairfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsairfly">Corsair</a>. </p><p>The term is also applied to any "ferrying" by air, and is commonly used when referring to airborne military operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Docking">Docking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Docking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferry_loading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ferry_loading.jpg/250px-Ferry_loading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ferry_loading.jpg/330px-Ferry_loading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ferry_loading.jpg/500px-Ferry_loading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2732" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Drawbridge of the ferry lies on the <a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">ferry slip</a>. This double sided ferry measures 74 m × 17.5 m (243 ft × 57 ft), and carries 2000 passengers with 60 cars</figcaption></figure> <p>Ferries often dock at specialized facilities designed to position the boat for loading and unloading, called a <a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">ferry slip</a>. If the ferry transports road vehicles or railway carriages there will usually be an adjustable <a href="/wiki/Inclined_plane" title="Inclined plane">ramp</a> called an <a href="/wiki/Linkspan" title="Linkspan">apron</a> that is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">slip</a>. In other cases, the <a href="/wiki/Linkspan" title="Linkspan">apron ramp</a> will be a part of the ferry itself, acting as a wave guard when elevated and lowered to meet a <a href="/wiki/Slipway" title="Slipway">fixed ramp</a> at the terminus – a road segment that extends partially underwater or meet the <a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">ferry slip</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Records">Records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_tonnage">Gross tonnage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Gross tonnage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The world's <a href="/wiki/Largest_ferries_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest ferries of Europe">largest ferries are typically those operated in Europe</a>, with different vessels holding the record depending on whether length, gross tonnage or car vehicle capacity is the metric. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oldest">Oldest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Oldest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sole contender as oldest ferry in continuous operation is the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Ferry" title="Mersey Ferry">Mersey Ferry</a> from <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> to <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, England. In 1150, the <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead_Priory" title="Birkenhead Priory">Benedictine Priory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a> was established. The monks used to charge a small fare to row passengers across the estuary.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1330, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward III">Edward III</a> granted a charter to the Priory and its successors for ever: "the right of ferry there... for men, horses and goods, with leave to charge reasonable tolls". However, there may have been a short break following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a> after 1536. </p><p>On 11 October 1811, inventor <a href="/wiki/John_Stevens_(inventor,_born_1749)" title="John Stevens (inventor, born 1749)">John Stevens</a>' ship the <i>Juliana</i>, began operation as the first <a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">steam</a>-powered ferry (service was between New York City, and <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Elwell_Ferry" title="Elwell Ferry">Elwell Ferry</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">cable ferry</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, travels a distance of 110 yards (100 m),<sup id="cite_ref-elkel_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkel-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shore to shore, with a travel time of five minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-closed_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-closed-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_networks">Largest networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Largest networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waxholmsbolaget" title="Waxholmsbolaget">Waxholmsbolaget</a> – 21 vessels serving around 300 ports of call in the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm archipelago">Stockholm archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferries_in_Istanbul" title="Ferries in Istanbul">Istanbul Ferry Network</a> – 87 vessels serving 86 ports of call in and around the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul, Turkey">Istanbul, Turkey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">BC Ferries</a> – 36 vessels serving 47 ports of call along the west coast of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia, Canada">British Columbia, Canada</a>, carrying 22.3 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-bc_ferries_ar_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bc_ferries_ar-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_MacBrayne" title="Caledonian MacBrayne">Caledonian MacBrayne</a> – 31 vessels serving 50 ports of call along the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, carrying 1.43 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Ferries" title="Sydney Ferries">Sydney Ferries</a> – 31 vessels serving 36 ports of call in <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Port Jackson</a> (Sydney Harbour), carrying 15.3 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Ferries" title="Washington State Ferries">Washington State Ferries</a> – 21 vessels serving 20 ports of call around <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington, United States</a>, carrying 24.2 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-wsdotwa_ridership_high_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsdotwa_ridership_high-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrolink_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrolink Queensland">Metrolink Queensland</a> – 21 vessels serving 26 ports of call along the <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_River" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane, Australia">Brisbane, Australia</a>, carrying 2.7 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_traversiers_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Société des traversiers du Québec">Société des traversiers du Québec</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Busiest_networks">Busiest networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Busiest networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Istanbul Ferry Network – 40 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Ferries" title="Washington State Ferries">Washington State Ferries</a> – 24.2 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-wsdotwa_ridership_high_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsdotwa_ridership_high-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">New York City</a> – 23.9 million passengers annually; busiest single-line ferry in the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeente_Vervoerbedrijf#Ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf">Amsterdam GVB Ferries</a> – 22.4 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Ferries" title="BC Ferries">BC Ferries</a> – 22.3 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-bc_ferries_ar_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bc_ferries_ar-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Ferry" title="Star Ferry">Star Ferry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> – 19.7 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fastest">Fastest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Fastest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gas turbine powered <i><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Federico_L" title="Luciano Federico L">Luciano Federico L</a></i> operated by Montevideo-based <a href="/wiki/Buquebus" title="Buquebus">Buquebus</a>, holds the Guinness World Record for the fastest car ferry in the world, in service between <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: its maximum speed, achieved in sea trials, was 60.2 knots (111.5 km/h; 69.3 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can carry 450 passengers and 52 cars along the 110-nautical-mile (200 km; 130 mi) route.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sustainability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG/250px-Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG/330px-Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG/500px-Tallink_Star_in_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Fast <a href="/wiki/Ro-Pax_ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ro-Pax ferries">Ro-Pax ferries</a>, like <a href="/wiki/MS_Star_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Star (2006)">MS <i>Star</i></a>, have notable CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.</figcaption></figure> <p>The contributions of ferry travel to climate change have received less scrutiny than land and air transport, and vary considerably according to factors like speed and the number of passengers carried. Average carbon dioxide emissions by ferries per passenger-kilometre seem to be 0.12 kg (4.2 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, 18-<a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knot</a> (21 mph; 33 km/h) ferries between Finland and Sweden produce 0.221 kg (7.8 oz) of CO<sub>2</sub>, with total emissions equalling a CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent of 0.223 kg (7.9 oz), while 24–27-knot (28–31 mph; 44–50 km/h) ferries between Finland and Estonia produce 0.396 kg (14.0 oz) of CO<sub>2</sub> with total emissions equalling a CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent of 0.4 kg (14 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_fuels">Alternative fuels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Alternative fuels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electric_boat" title="Electric boat">Electric boat</a></div> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">price of oil</a> at high levels, and with increasing pressure from consumers for measures to tackle <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, a number of innovations for energy and the environment were put forward at the Interferry conference in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. According to the company <a href="/wiki/Solar_Sailor_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Sailor Holdings">Solar Sailor</a>, hybrid marine power and solar wing technology are suitable for use with ferries, private <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yachts</a> and even tankers.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternative fuels are becoming more widespread on ferries. The fastest passenger ferry in the world <a href="/wiki/Buquebus" title="Buquebus">Buquebus</a>, runs on <a href="/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG">LNG</a>, while Sweden's <a href="/wiki/Stena_Line" title="Stena Line">Stena</a> converted one of its ferries to run on both diesel and <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both LNG and methanol reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions considerably and replace costly diesel fuel. </p><p>Megawatt-class <a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery electric ferries</a> operate in Scandinavia, with several more scheduled for operation.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017, the world's biggest purely electric ferry was the <a href="/wiki/MF_Tycho_Brahe" title="MF Tycho Brahe">MF <i>Tycho Brahe</i></a>, which operates on the <a href="/wiki/Helsing%C3%B8r%E2%80%93Helsingborg_ferry_route" title="Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route">Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route</a> across the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund" title="Øresund">Øresund</a> between <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. The ferry weights 8414 tonnes, and has an electric storage capacity of more than 4 MWh.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2015, Norwegian ferry company <a href="/wiki/Norled" title="Norled">Norled</a> has operated e-ferry <a href="/wiki/MV_Ampere" title="MV Ampere"><i>Ampere</i></a> on the Lavik-Opedal connection on the E39 north of Bergen.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further north on the Norwegian west coast, the connection between Anda and Lote will be the world's first route served only by e-ferries. The first of two ships, MF <i>Gloppefjord</i>, was put into service in January 2018, followed by MF <i>Eidsfjord</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The owner, <a href="/wiki/Fjord1" title="Fjord1">Fjord1</a>, has commissioned a further seven battery-powered ferries to be in operation from 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 60 battery powered car ferries are expected to be operational in Norway by 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG/220px-E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG/330px-E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG/440px-E-ferry_Ellen.2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3338" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ellen_(E-ferry)" title="Ellen (E-ferry)">E-ferry <i>Ellen</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since 15 August 2019, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86r%C3%B8_Municipality" title="Ærø Municipality">Ærø Municipality</a> have operated <a href="/wiki/Ellen_(E-ferry)" title="Ellen (E-ferry)">E-ferry <i>Ellen</i></a> between the southern <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> ports of <a href="/wiki/Fynshav" title="Fynshav">Fynshav</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8by" title="Søby">Søby</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/%C3%86r%C3%B8" title="Ærø">Ærø</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The e-ferry is capable of carrying 30 vehicles and 200 passengers and is powered by a battery "with an unprecedented capacity" of 4.3 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">MWh</a> (5,800 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp⋅h</a>). The vessel can sail up to 22 nautical miles (25 mi; 41 km) between charges – seven times further than previously possible for an e-ferry. It will now need to prove it can provide up to seven return trips per day. The European Union, which supported the project, aims to roll out 100 or more of these ferries by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A special feature is the Danish Udbyhøj cable ferry in <a href="/wiki/Randers_Fjord" title="Randers Fjord">Randers Fjord</a> which has a land-based power supply by means of a retractable submarine cable.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents">Accidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:751px;max-width:751px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Examples of sunken ferries</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg/250px-Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg/330px-Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg/500px-Herald_of_Free_Enterprise_after_salvage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="1004" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MV_Salem_Express_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MV_Salem_Express_1.jpg/250px-MV_Salem_Express_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MV_Salem_Express_1.jpg/330px-MV_Salem_Express_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg/170px-Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg/255px-Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg/340px-Princess_of_the_Stars_August_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:247px;max-width:247px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_MV_Sewol_in_Mokpo_New_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2017_MV_Sewol_in_Mokpo_New_Port.jpg/250px-2017_MV_Sewol_in_Mokpo_New_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2017_MV_Sewol_in_Mokpo_New_Port.jpg/500px-2017_MV_Sewol_in_Mokpo_New_Port.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3743" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Images in Order of Appearance: <a href="/wiki/MS_Herald_of_Free_Enterprise" title="MS Herald of Free Enterprise">MS <i>Herald of Free Enterprise</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MV_Salem_Express" title="MV Salem Express">MV <i>Salem Express</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MV_Princess_of_the_Stars" title="MV Princess of the Stars">MV<i> Princess of the Stars</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Sewol" title="Sinking of MV Sewol">MV <i>Sewol</i></a></div></div></div></div> <p>The following notable maritime disasters involved ferries: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEV_Wahine" title="TEV Wahine">TEV <i>Wahine</i></a> – (10 April 1968) 53 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Namyoung-Ho" title="Sinking of Namyoung-Ho">MV <i>Namyoug-Ho</i></a> (15 December 1970) 323–326 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_George_Prince_ferry_disaster" title="MV George Prince ferry disaster">MV <i>George Prince</i></a> (20 October 1976) 78 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Herald_of_Free_Enterprise" title="MS Herald of Free Enterprise">MS <i>Herald of Free Enterprise</i></a> – (6 March 1987) 193 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Do%C3%B1a_Paz" title="MV Doña Paz">MV <i>Doña Paz</i></a> – (20 December 1987) 4,386 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Do%C3%B1a_Marilyn" title="MV Doña Marilyn">MV <i>Doña Marilyn</i></a> – (24 October 1988) ≈400 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Scandinavian_Star" title="MS Scandinavian Star">MS <i>Scandinavian Star</i></a> – (7 April 1990) 159 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Salem_Express" title="MV Salem Express">MV <i>Salem Express</i></a> – (15 December 1991) 470–850 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Empress_of_Australia" title="MS Empress of Australia">MS <i>Empress of Australia</i></a> – (23 August 1992) 30 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MS_Jan_Heweliusz" title="Sinking of the MS Jan Heweliusz">MS <i>Jan Heweliusz</i></a> – (14 January 1993) 55 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Seohae" title="Sinking of MV Seohae">MV <i>Seohae</i></a> – (10 October 1993) 292 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia" title="Sinking of the MS Estonia">MS <i>Estonia</i></a> – (28 September 1994) 852 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Cebu_City" title="MV Cebu City">MV <i>Cebu City</i></a> – (2 December 1994) 140 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Bukoba" title="MV Bukoba">MV <i>Bukoba</i></a> – (21 May 1996) 894 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Princess_of_the_Orient" title="MV Princess of the Orient">MV <i>Princess of the Orient</i></a> – (18 September 1998) 150 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Express_Samina" title="MS Express Samina">MS <i>Express Samina</i></a> – (26 September 2000) 81 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Le_Joola" title="MV Le Joola">MV <i>Le Joola</i></a> – (26 September 2002) 1,863 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Princess_of_the_Stars" title="MV Princess of the Stars">MV <i>Princess of the Stars</i></a> – (21 June 2008) 814 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Spice_Islander_I" title="MV Spice Islander I">MV <i>Spice Islander I</i></a> – (10 September 2011) 1,573 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rabaul_Queen" title="MV Rabaul Queen">MV <i>Rabaul Queen</i></a> – (2 February 2012) 88–223 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Skagit" title="MV Skagit">MV <i>Skagit</i></a> – (18 July 2012) 150 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_St._Thomas_Aquinas" title="MV St. Thomas Aquinas">MV <i>St. Thomas Aquinas</i></a> – (16 August 2013) 137 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Sewol" title="Sinking of MV Sewol">MV <i>Sewol</i></a> – (16 April 2014) 304 deaths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Nyerere" title="Sinking of MV Nyerere">MV <i>Nyerere</i></a> – (20 September 2018) 228 deaths</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chain_boat" title="Chain boat">Chain boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">Ferry slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkspan" title="Linkspan">Linkspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ferry_operators" title="List of ferry operators">List of ferry operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">Punt (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCnte" title="Pünte">Pünte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_tractor" title="Sea tractor">Sea tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_boat" title="Team boat">Team boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transporter_bridge" title="Transporter bridge">Transporter bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Vessel">Merchant Vessel</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBruceDawson" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Peter; Dawson, Philip. <i>The Ferry – A drive through history</i>. Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ferry+%E2%80%93+A+drive+through+history&rft.place=Isle+of+Man&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Ferry+Publications&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Dawson%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMary_Mills2013" class="citation web cs1">Mary Mills (9 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/2013/08/09/maudslay-son-and-fields-greenwich-shipyard/">"MAUDSLAY SON AND FIELD'S GREENWICH SHIPYARD"</a>. <i>Greenwich Peninsula History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mohaimenul Islam; Abeer, Asif Ahmed; Bhuiyan, Abir Hasan (30 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs44290-024-00008-8">"Quantifications of service quality factors using the relative importance index method for passenger ferry service in Bangladesh"</a>. <i>Discover Civil Engineering</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs44290-024-00008-8">10.1007/s44290-024-00008-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2948-1546">2948-1546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discover+Civil+Engineering&rft.atitle=Quantifications+of+service+quality+factors+using+the+relative+importance+index+method+for+passenger+ferry+service+in+Bangladesh&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs44290-024-00008-8&rft.issn=2948-1546&rft.aulast=Sourav&rft.aufirst=Md.+Mohaimenul+Islam&rft.au=Abeer%2C+Asif+Ahmed&rft.au=Bhuiyan%2C+Abir+Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs44290-024-00008-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIqbalHasegawaBulianKarim2007" class="citation journal cs1">Iqbal, Kho Shahriar; Hasegawa, Kazuhiko; Bulian, Gabriele; Karim, Md. Mashud; Ibn Awal, Zobair (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zobair.buet.ac.bd/Publications/2007%20-%20Iqbal%20et%20al%20(PRADS).pdf">"Passenger Ferry Accidents in Bangladesh: Design and Socio-economic Aspects"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>10th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures</i>. Houston, Texas: American Bureau of Shipping. <q>...passenger ferries (locally called as "launch")...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=10th+International+Symposium+on+Practical+Design+of+Ships+and+Other+Floating+Structures&rft.atitle=Passenger+Ferry+Accidents+in+Bangladesh%3A+Design+and+Socio-economic+Aspects&rft.date=2007-10&rft.aulast=Iqbal&rft.aufirst=Kho+Shahriar&rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+Kazuhiko&rft.au=Bulian%2C+Gabriele&rft.au=Karim%2C+Md.+Mashud&rft.au=Ibn+Awal%2C+Zobair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzobair.buet.ac.bd%2FPublications%2F2007%2520-%2520Iqbal%2520et%2520al%2520%28PRADS%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIslam2017" class="citation web cs1">Islam, Nazrul (23 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/drivers-economy/story-significant-progress-1364827">"A story of significant progress"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=A+story+of+significant+progress&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft.aulast=Islam&rft.aufirst=Nazrul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fdrivers-economy%2Fstory-significant-progress-1364827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTalukdar2022" class="citation web cs1">Talukdar, Kamal Hossain (23 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/river-transporters-stare-into-an-unknown-future-as-bangladeshs-longest-bridge-appears">"River transporters stare into an unknown future as Bangladesh's longest bridge appears"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bdnews24.com" title="Bdnews24.com">bdnews24.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=River+transporters+stare+into+an+unknown+future+as+Bangladesh%27s+longest+bridge+appears&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft.aulast=Talukdar&rft.aufirst=Kamal+Hossain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fbangladesh%2Friver-transporters-stare-into-an-unknown-future-as-bangladeshs-longest-bridge-appears&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlam2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Alam, AKM Nurul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Water_Transport">"Water Transport"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Water+Transport&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=AKM+Nurul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DWater_Transport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlam2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Alam, Mahbubul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangladesh_Inland_Water_Transport_Authority">"Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+Inland+Water+Transport+Authority&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Mahbubul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBangladesh_Inland_Water_Transport_Authority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkhterBiswas2021" class="citation web cs1">Akhter, Shahin; Biswas, Shahjahan (28 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newagebd.net/article/153045/most-bangladesh-ferries-run-without-fitness-some-after-lifespan">"Most Bangladesh ferries run without fitness, some after lifespan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Age_(Bangladesh)" title="New Age (Bangladesh)">New Age</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Age&rft.atitle=Most+Bangladesh+ferries+run+without+fitness%2C+some+after+lifespan&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft.aulast=Akhter&rft.aufirst=Shahin&rft.au=Biswas%2C+Shahjahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newagebd.net%2Farticle%2F153045%2Fmost-bangladesh-ferries-run-without-fitness-some-after-lifespan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNasreen2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Nasreen, Zobaida (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Boat">"Boat"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Gujarat%27s+Ro-Ro+ferry+is+a+revolutionary+step+for+Indian+economy&rft.date=2017-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fwhy-gujarats-ro-ro-ferry-is-a-revolutionary-step-for-indian-economy%2Farticleshow%2F61170437.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ferrybooking.in">"Aggregated ferry availability for Andaman Islands was first brought online by ferrybooking.in allowing tourists and travellers to know about ferry schedule, seat availability and make reservations online before arriving to Andaman Islands for Port blair to Havelock, Havelock to Neil and Neil to Port Blair ferry routes"</a>. <i>ferrybooking.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ferrybooking.in&rft.atitle=Aggregated+ferry+availability+for+Andaman+Islands+was+first+brought+online+by+ferrybooking.in+allowing+tourists+and+travellers+to+know+about+ferry+schedule%2C+seat+availability+and+make+reservations+online+before+arriving+to+Andaman+Islands+for+Port+blair+to+Havelock%2C+Havelock+to+Neil+and+Neil+to+Port+Blair+ferry+routes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fferrybooking.in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2355.html">"Domestic Ferries (JapanGuide.com), 2023)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509143642/https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2355.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferry+to+France+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Passenger+Numbers+%E2%80%93+France+Ferry+Booker&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceferrybooker.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fferry-to-france-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhferries.se/">"in Swedish, "Vi seglar var 15:e minut" means "We sail every 15 minutes"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hhferries.se</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203034459/http://hhferries.se/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Istanbul+shows+ferries+have+a+future&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2015%2Fmay%2F28%2Fistanbul-ferries-future-transport-new-york-london&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://veneziataxi.it/en/">"Venezia Taxi"</a>. <i>Venezia Taxi</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bcferries.com&rft.atitle=Annual+Report+2015%E2%80%932016+%3A+British+Columbia+Ferry+Service+Inc.+%26+B.+C.+Ferry+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcferries.com%2Ffiles%2FAboutBCF%2FAR%2FBCFS_AnnualReport_2015-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncparks.gov/state-parks/hammocks-beach-state-park/ferry-schedule">"Ferry Schedule | NC State Parks"</a>. <i>www.ncparks.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727181959/https://www.ncparks.gov/state-parks/hammocks-beach-state-park/ferry-schedule">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geelong-Tasmania+One+Month+After&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fferrygogo.com%2Fgeelong-tasmania-one-month-after%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geelongport.com.au/news/geelongport-welcomes-spirit-of-tasmania-to-geelong/">"GeelongPort welcomes Spirit of Tasmania to Geelong"</a>. 23 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202092147/https://geelongport.com.au/news/geelongport-welcomes-spirit-of-tasmania-to-geelong/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GeelongPort+welcomes+Spirit+of+Tasmania+to+Geelong&rft.date=2022-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeelongport.com.au%2Fnews%2Fgeelongport-welcomes-spirit-of-tasmania-to-geelong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221005649/https://www.greatjourneysofnz.co.nz/interislander/experience/the-journey-cook-strait/">"The Journey"</a>. <i>Great Journeys of New Zealand</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Great+Journeys+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=The+Journey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatjourneysofnz.co.nz%2Finterislander%2Fexperience%2Fthe-journey-cook-strait%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niferry.co.uk/first-new-po-ferries-dover-ship-floated-out-in-china/">"First new P&O Ferries Dover ship floated out in China"</a>. NI Ferry. 8 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108002716/https://www.niferry.co.uk/first-new-po-ferries-dover-ship-floated-out-in-china/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+new+P%26O+Ferries+Dover+ship+floated+out+in+China&rft.pub=NI+Ferry&rft.date=2022-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niferry.co.uk%2Ffirst-new-po-ferries-dover-ship-floated-out-in-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170528/http://www.atan.org/en/costas/fast/milenium.htm">"ATAN official web page: Fast Ferries – pointless gas-guzzlers"</a>. <i>Atan.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atan.org/en/costas/fast/milenium.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atan.org&rft.atitle=ATAN+official+web+page%3A+Fast+Ferries+%E2%80%93+pointless+gas-guzzlers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atan.org%2Fen%2Fcostas%2Ffast%2Fmilenium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-68428422">"The people keeping our historic foot ferries afloat"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+people+keeping+our+historic+foot+ferries+afloat&rft.date=2024-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-68428422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk/four-foot-ferries-of-the-suffolk-coast">"The Four Foot Ferries of The Suffolk Coast"</a>. <i>www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Four+Foot+Ferries+of+The+Suffolk+Coast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk%2Ffour-foot-ferries-of-the-suffolk-coast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706231810/http://www.faehri.ch/">"Fähri Verein Basel"</a>. <i>Faehri.ch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faehri.ch/">the original</a> on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Faehri.ch&rft.atitle=F%C3%A4hri+Verein+Basel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faehri.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100904150644/http://www.merseyferries.co.uk/Content/AboutUs/2ndLevelNavigation.aspx">"101 Interesting Facts"</a>. Mersey Ferries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merseyferries.co.uk/Content/AboutUs/2ndLevelNavigation.aspx">the original</a> on 4 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=101+Interesting+Facts&rft.pub=Mersey+Ferries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyferries.co.uk%2FContent%2FAboutUs%2F2ndLevelNavigation.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507131104/https://www.hobokenmuseum.org/history/the-stevens-family/steamboat-innovation">"Hoboken Historical Museum – Steamboat Innovation"</a>. <i>Hobokenmuseum.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hobokenmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Hoboken+Historical+Museum+%E2%80%93+Steamboat+Innovation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hobokenmuseum.org%2Fhistory%2Fthe-stevens-family%2Fsteamboat-innovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elkel-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elkel_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adserver1.harvestadsdepot.com/tnwsobsvr/ss/085850/074/074.shtml?074_001/074_001.shtml">"Elwell Ferry, Kelly, NC"</a>. Living in Style, August/September 2008, Christopher E. Nelson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elwell+Ferry%2C+Kelly%2C+NC&rft.pub=Living+in+Style%2C+August%2FSeptember+2008%2C+Christopher+E.+Nelson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadserver1.harvestadsdepot.com%2Ftnwsobsvr%2Fss%2F085850%2F074%2F074.shtml%3F074_001%2F074_001.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-closed-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-closed_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20051205/COLUMNIST33/51202028?Title=Elwell-Ferry-When-getting-145-away-146-is-closer-than-you-think">"Elwell Ferry: When getting 'away' is closer than you think"</a>. Star News Online, Jim Hanchett, 2 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307144446/http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20051205/COLUMNIST33/51202028?Title=Elwell-Ferry-When-getting-145-away-146-is-closer-than-you-think">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elwell+Ferry%3A+When+getting+%27away%27+is+closer+than+you+think&rft.pub=Star+News+Online%2C+Jim+Hanchett%2C+2+December+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starnewsonline.com%2Farticle%2F20051205%2FCOLUMNIST33%2F51202028%3FTitle%3DElwell-Ferry-When-getting-145-away-146-is-closer-than-you-think&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waxholmsbolaget.se/visitor-information/plan/starting-points">"Waxholmsbolaget"</a>. <i>Where to start</i>. Waxholmsbolaget. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610175912/https://waxholmsbolaget.se/visitor-information/plan/starting-points">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Where+to+start&rft.atitle=Waxholmsbolaget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaxholmsbolaget.se%2Fvisitor-information%2Fplan%2Fstarting-points&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bc_ferries_ar-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bc_ferries_ar_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc_ferries_ar_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcferries.com/investors/AR.html">"Annual Reports | BC Ferries – British Columbia Ferry Services Inc"</a>. <i>www.bcferries.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190825081745/http://www.bcferries.com/investors/AR.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bcferries.com&rft.atitle=Annual+Reports+%7C+BC+Ferries+%E2%80%93+British+Columbia+Ferry+Services+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcferries.com%2Finvestors%2FAR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calmac.co.uk/corporate/business-review">"Business Review | CalMac Ferries"</a>. <i>www.calmac.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190820223526/https://www.calmac.co.uk/corporate/business-review">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beyondthewharf.com.au/who-we-are/">the original</a> on 20 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transdev+Sydney+Ferries&rft.atitle=Who+we+are+%E2%80%93+Transdev+Sydney+Ferries+%E2%80%93+Discover%2C+Experience%2C+Share%2C+Sydney+Harbour+by+Ferry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beyondthewharf.com.au%2Fwho-we-are%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsdotwa_ridership_high-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsdotwa_ridership_high_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsdotwa_ridership_high_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/news/2017/01/18/ferry-ridership-surges-highest-level-decade">"Ferry ridership surges to highest level in a decade | WSDOT"</a>. <i>www.wsdot.wa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122092547/https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/news/2017/01/18/ferry-ridership-surges-highest-level-decade">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wsdot.wa.gov&rft.atitle=Ferry+ridership+surges+to+highest+level+in+a+decade+%7C+WSDOT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsdot.wa.gov%2Fnews%2F2017%2F01%2F18%2Fferry-ridership-surges-highest-level-decade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transdevbrisbane.com.au/about/transdev-in-brisbane/">"Transdev in Brisbane"</a>. <i>www.transdevbrisbane.com.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190823053844/http://www.transdevbrisbane.com.au/about/transdev-in-brisbane">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.transdevbrisbane.com.au&rft.atitle=Transdev+in+Brisbane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transdevbrisbane.com.au%2Fabout%2Ftransdev-in-brisbane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216123416/https://www.sehirhatlari.istanbul/tr/kurumsal/hakkimizda-215">"Şehir Hatları ® Tanıtım"</a>. <i>www.sehirhatlari.istanbul</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luciano+Federico+L+%E2%80%93&rft.pub=ship-technology.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ship-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fluciano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amd.com.au/vessels/amd1130.php">"AMD 1130 – "Luciano Federico L"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Amd.com.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128074725/https://www.amd.com.au/vessels/amd1130.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amd.com.au&rft.atitle=AMD+1130+%E2%80%93+%22Luciano+Federico+L%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amd.com.au%2Fvessels%2Famd1130.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilippe_Holthof2009" class="citation web cs1">Philippe Holthof (10 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shippax.se/back%CB%8Cknet/ext/file/fileredirect.asp?id=229&file=bilaga_konferens_maj08.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'SO<sub>x</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions once again Hot Topic at Ferry Shipping Conference' : <i>Ferry Shipping Conference 08: Building Bridges in the Industry</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Shippax.se</i>. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231025185917/https://www.shippax.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tmcnet.com&rft.atitle=Interferry+hears+about+green+alternatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmcnet.com%2Fusubmit%2F-interferry-hears-green-alternatives-%2F2007%2F10%2F05%2F2993389.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stenaline.com/media/stories/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry/">"The World's First Methanol Ferry"</a>. <i>Stena Line</i>. 29 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408145507/https://www.stenaline.com/media/stories/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stena+Line&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+First+Methanol+Ferry&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stenaline.com%2Fmedia%2Fstories%2Fthe-worlds-first-methanol-ferry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinelog.com/coastal/ferries/video-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry/">"Plugging in Finland's first electric ferry – Marine Log"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. <i>Marinelog.com</i>. 20 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730215806/https://www.marinelog.com/coastal/ferries/video-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marinelog.com&rft.atitle=Plugging+in+Finland%27s+first+electric+ferry+%E2%80%93+Marine+Log&rft.date=2017-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinelog.com%2Fcoastal%2Fferries%2Fvideo-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLambert2017" class="citation web cs1">Lambert, Fred (24 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electrek.co/2017/08/24/all-electric-ferries-abb/">"Two massive ferries are about to become the biggest all-electric ships in the world"</a>. <i>Electrek</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502185800/https://electrek.co/2017/08/24/all-electric-ferries-abb/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Maritime News. 19 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622111552/https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-first-electric-car-ferry-enters-service/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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VesselFinder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731071356/https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/11803-Multi-Maritime-designed-battery-electric-ferries-MF-Gloppefjord-and-MF-Eidsfjord-named-in-Sandane">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multi+Maritime-designed+battery+electric+ferries+MF+Gloppefjord+and+MF+Eidsfjord+named+in+Sandane&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.au=Svetlana+Modeva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vesselfinder.com%2Fnews%2F11803-Multi-Maritime-designed-battery-electric-ferries-MF-Gloppefjord-and-MF-Eidsfjord-named-in-Sandane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/08/fjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard/">"Fjord 1 orders seven electric ferries from Havyard – electrive.com"</a>. <i>electrive.com</i>. 8 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324223818/https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/08/fjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=electrive.com&rft.atitle=Fjord+1+orders+seven+electric+ferries+from+Havyard+%E2%80%93+electrive.com&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electrive.com%2F2018%2F03%2F08%2Ffjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997">https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607131613/https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997">Archived</a> 7 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> WWW.TU.NO (In Norwegian).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlice_Tidey2019" class="citation web cs1">Alice Tidey (21 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/20/world-s-largest-all-electric-ferry-sets-sail-in-denmark">"World's largest all-electric ferry sets sail in Denmark"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+largest+all-electric+ferry+sets+sail+in+Denmark&rft.pub=Euronews&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.au=Alice+Tidey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F08%2F20%2Fworld-s-largest-all-electric-ferry-sets-sail-in-denmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-ferryproject.eu/Home/Objectives">"Objectives"</a>. E-ferry, an EU project under the H2020 Research and Innovation programme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155406/http://e-ferryproject.eu/Home/Objectives">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Objectives&rft.pub=E-ferry%2C+an+EU+project+under+the+H2020+Research+and+Innovation+programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-ferryproject.eu%2FHome%2FObjectives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jessica McCormick: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electrifynews.com/news/electric-ferry-never-needs-charging/">Electric Ferry Never Needs Charging</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630010814/https://electrifynews.com/news/electric-ferry-never-needs-charging/">Archived</a> 30 June 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ferry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Ferry">"Ferry" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ferry&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobins1996" class="citation book cs1">Robins, Nick (1996). <i>The Evolution of the British Ferry</i>. Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire: Ferry Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1871947316" title="Special:BookSources/1871947316"><bdi>1871947316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+British+Ferry&rft.place=Kilgetty%2C+Pembrokeshire&rft.pub=Ferry+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1871947316&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"<i>When Horses Walked on Water: Horse-Powered Ferries in Nineteenth-Century America</i>" (Smithsonian Institution Press; Kevin Crisman, co-authored with Arthur Cohn, executive director of the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ferry" class="extiw" title="commons:Ferry"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Ferry</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ferries#Q25653" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ferries">Ferries</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZigDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66">"Off Ferries, New And Old", May 1931, Popular Science</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gobyferry.com/">Photography of European locations visitable by ferry</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ferry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferry">"Ferry" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ferry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerry" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_merchant_ships83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_merchant_ships" title="Template:Modern merchant ships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_merchant_ships" title="Template talk:Modern merchant ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_merchant_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern merchant ships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_merchant_ships83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Cargo ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">Freight transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">Merchant marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_line" title="Shipping line">Shipping line</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A reefer"><img alt="A reefer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/80px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/120px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/160px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Dry cargo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">Barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">Bulk carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_float" title="Car float">Car float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_boat" title="Chain boat">Chain boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_trading_vessel" title="Coastal trading vessel">Coastal trading vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">Container ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_ship" title="Heavy-lift ship">Heavy-lift ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_barge" title="Hopper barge">Hopper barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighter_aboard_ship" title="Lighter aboard ship">Lighter aboard ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_carrier" title="Livestock carrier">Livestock carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">Reefer ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">Tankers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_tanker" title="Chemical tanker">Chemical tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_production_storage_and_offloading" title="Floating production storage and offloading">Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_carrier" title="Gas carrier">Gas carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_tanker" title="Hydrogen tanker">Hydrogen tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LNG_carrier" title="LNG carrier">LNG carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">Oil tanker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">Passenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_liner" title="Cargo liner">Cargo liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">Cruiseferry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowboat" title="Narrowboat">Narrowboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_handling_tug_supply_vessel" title="Anchor handling tug supply vessel">Anchor handling tug supply vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_tow_vessel" title="Emergency tow vessel">Emergency tow vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_supply_vessel" title="Platform supply vessel">Platform supply vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusher_(boat)" title="Pusher (boat)">Pusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_tug" title="Salvage tug">Salvage tug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_tender" title="Ship's tender">Tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Tugboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_layer" title="Cable layer">Cable layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">Dredger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drillship" title="Drillship">Drillship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_submarine" title="Merchant submarine">Merchant submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco-submarine" title="Narco-submarine">Narco-submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe-laying_ship" title="Pipe-laying ship">Pipe-laying ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboat" title="Riverboat">Riverboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">Semi-submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagboat" title="Snagboat">Snagboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affreightment" title="Affreightment">Affreightment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Shipping" title="International Chamber of Shipping">International Chamber of Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_merchant_navy_capacity_by_country" title="List of merchant navy capacity by country">List of merchant navy capacity by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_transport497" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_transport" title="Template:Public transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_transport" title="Template talk:Public transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_transport497" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buses" title="List of buses">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Trackless Tram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Intercity bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_top_bus" title="Open top bus">Open top bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_replacement_bus_service" title="Rail replacement bus service">Rail replacement bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi/Taxibus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_terminology" title="Passenger rail terminology">Passenger rail terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">Elevated railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_streetcar" title="Heritage streetcar">Heritage streetcar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-speed_rail" title="Higher-speed rail">Higher-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow-gauge railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro/Rapid Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">Medium-capacity rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles<br /> for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boda_boda" title="Boda boda">Boda boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand-responsive_transport" title="Demand-responsive transport">Demand-responsive transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microtransit" title="Microtransit">Microtransit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmu%C5%9F" title="Dolmuş">Dolmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanny_van" title="Nanny van">Nanny van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songthaew" title="Songthaew">Songthaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Tuk tuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Real-time ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">Vaporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">Cable railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicable_gondola_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicable gondola lift">bicable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricable_gondola_lift" title="Tricable gondola lift">tricable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">Moving walkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotaxi" title="Robotaxi">Robotaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shweeb" title="Shweeb">Shweeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_car" title="Slope car">Slope car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bulb" title="Bus bulb">Bus bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">Bus garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">Bus lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stand" title="Bus stand">Bus stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">Bus stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_turnout" title="Bus turnout">Bus turnout (bus bay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_dock" title="Dry dock">Dry dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">Ferry terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">Hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layover" title="Layover">Layover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station">Metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">Park and ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_jump" title="Queue jump">Queue jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxicab stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Train station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">Tram stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_mall" title="Transit mall">Transit mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">Ticketing</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Fare" title="Fare">fares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_fare_collection" title="Automated fare collection">Automated fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_fare" title="Exit fare">Exit fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_avoidance" title="Fare avoidance">Fare avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_capping" title="Fare capping">Fare capping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_evasion" title="Fare evasion">Fare evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">Free travel pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">Integrated ticketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_fare_collection" title="Manual fare collection">Manual fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_train" title="Money train">Money train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paid_area" title="Paid area">Paid area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_fare" title="Penalty fare">Penalty fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_fare_program" title="Reduced fare program">Reduced fare program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(public_transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer (public transit)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Routing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-city_route" title="Cross-city route">Cross-city route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_length_(transport)" title="Network length (transport)">Network length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_track" title="Non-revenue track">Non-revenue track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_route" title="Radial route">Radial route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_network_analysis" title="Transport network analysis">Transport network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_class_commuter_transport_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first class commuter transport services">First class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_passenger" title="Standing passenger">Standing passenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheduling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bunching" title="Bus bunching">Bus bunching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">Clock-face scheduling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway" title="Headway">Headway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_service_(public_transport)" title="Night service (public transport)">Night (owl) service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">On-time performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_turn" title="Short turn">Short turn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">Farebox recovery ratio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">Transportation authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_demand_management" title="Transportation demand management">Transportation demand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development (TOD)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology<br /> and signage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">Destination sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_display" title="Platform display">Platform display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_transport_smart_cards" title="List of public transport smart cards">Smart cards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIPURSE" title="CIPURSE">CIPURSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(electronic_ticketing_system)" title="Calypso (electronic ticketing system)">Calypso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_machine" title="Ticket machine">Ticket machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_map" title="Transit map">Transit map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td 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title="Public good (economics)">Public good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Request_stop" title="Request stop">Request stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_point" title="Timing point">Timing point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_economics" title="Transport economics">Transport economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromobility" title="Micromobility">Micromobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25653#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1796" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25653#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1796" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25653#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000128271&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007529124905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/7fa5d768-0439-46c1-ae42-65b32c1c6e9d">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/007957">Historical Dictionary of 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