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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DNew_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DNew_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16203927" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project" title="New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project">New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-protectedpagetext"><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1099782930">.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat h2{margin-top:1em;border-bottom:0;font-size:130%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.15em}.mw-parser-output .pptext-submit{list-style:none;display:inline;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:2em}.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat>div{flex:1 1 400px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238441935">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 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Ron Hubbard]] as part of [[Scientology]]'s [[Bridge to Total Freedom]]. This rundown has been [[Purification Rundown#Reception|criticized by many doctors]] as [[Pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] and medically dangerous.<ref name="NYP"/><ref name="welkos"/><ref name="doward"/> It was reported in October 2007 that 838 people had completed the New York program.<ref name="results">{{cite news |title=Clinic's results make 9/11 responders believe. Critics aside, they say Scientology's detox center cures ills |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=October 7, 2007|last=Carey|first=Art}}</ref> The project has been supported by some public officials, and received some public funding, but received criticism for its financial ties to the [[Church of Scientology]],<ref name="NYP" /> for exposing rescue workers to potential medical dangers,<ref name="crouch" /> and for discouraging use of orthodox medicine.<ref name="odonnell">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/nyregion/04DETO.html?ex=1148011200&en=c46507c25827d1c3&ei=5070 |title=Scientologist's Treatments Lure Firefighters|first= Michelle|last= O'Donnell |work= [[The New York Times]]|page=1 |date=October 4, 2003|access-date=January 30, 2009}}</ref> Sources in the [[New York City Fire Department|Fire Department]] told a reporter that several participants had joined Scientology, even [[Disconnection (Scientology)|disconnecting from their families]].<ref name="foxnews">{{cite news | last = Friedman | first = Roger | title = Tom Cruise Can't Put Out These Fires | work = Fox 411 | publisher = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] | date = December 22, 2006 | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238238,00.html#2 | access-date = February 2, 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070109070250/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C238238%2C00.html#2 | archive-date = January 9, 2007 }}</ref> ==Background== === Tom Cruise criticises EPA === Tom Cruise explained his motivation for setting up the project in a Scientology promotional video that leaked onto the internet in January 2008.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news|work=The Boston Globe| date=January 18, 2008 |title=Tom Cruise's 9/11 clean-up|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2008/01/18/tom_cruises_911_clean_up/ |access-date=February 3, 2009}}</ref> The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] had stated after the World Trade Center attack that the air was safe to breathe. The video narration contradicted this, saying, "The devastation had spread an unprecedented combination of toxins through the air — and it was lethal."<ref>{{cite news |work=New York Post|date=January 18, 2008|title=Tom in Ground Zero tantrum}}</ref> Cruise is seen dismissing the EPA's all-clear:<ref name="bostonglobe" /> {{quote|Of course, as a Scientologist, you go, that's a lie. Outright lie. Liar. Fine. Finally you say, dammit, just go there and do it. Put it there, let's go, here's the money, let's go. Let's just get one person treated. I can't sleep another night.}} In an appearance on [[CNN]]'s ''[[Larry King Live]]'', Cruise said that he founded the project out of concern that 9/11 survivors would suffer [[leukemia]], [[Parkinsonism]], [[multiple sclerosis]] or [[cancer]] as a result of toxins lodged in their fatty tissue. He advocated Hubbard's [[Purification Rundown|purification program]] as the only way to deal with these problems, claiming, "Doctors do not know how to diagnose chemical exposures ... You go to a doctor and now he's going to put you on more and more drugs, steroids and things that are ineffective."<ref>{{cite episode |title=Interview With Tom Cruise|series=Larry King Live |series-link=Larry_King_Live |network=[[CNN]]|airdate=November 28, 2003}}</ref> === Detoxification in Scientology === {{Main|Purification Rundown|Clear Body, Clear Mind}} The principles of the [[Detoxification (alternative medicine)|detoxification program]] were described in the [[Scientology]] book ''[[Clear Body, Clear Mind]]''.<ref name="NYP" /><ref name="bouma">{{cite book|title=Australian Soul: Religion and Spirituality in the 21st Century |first=Gary D. |last=Bouma|publisher=Cambridge University Press| year=2006|page=9|isbn=0-521-67389-5}}</ref> Known as the "Purification rundown" or "Purif", the program is promoted through various groups affiliated with the [[Church of Scientology]], including the [[Narconon]] and [[Second Chance Program|Second Chance]] programs.<ref name="welkos" /> It claims to flush poisons from the body's fat stores using exercise, saunas, and the consumption of oil and high doses of vitamins, particularly [[Niacin (substance)|niacin]]. Medical professionals have judged the method to be unproven, ineffective and/or potentially dangerous.<ref>{{cite news| first=Mark | last=Sommer | title = Addiction specialists criticize detoxification program | work=[[Buffalo News]] | date = February 1, 2005}}</ref><ref name="philadelphia7" /><ref name="backsoff" /> A report for the [[California Health and Human Services Agency|Department of Health]] in California described the mega-doses of vitamins as "hazardous" and "in some cases lethal."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RPoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6687%2C4378405|title=Narconon|last=Roberton|first=Craig|date=December 28, 1981|work=St. Petersburg Times|pages=1B|access-date=February 21, 2009}}</ref> Scientology's own literature reports [[dehydration]], electrolyte disturbances including [[hyponatremia]] (low sodium level) and [[hypokalemia]] (low potassium level), and [[Hyperthermia|heat-related illnesses]] as being frequent side-effects of the program.<ref name="emergency1997">{{cite journal| last=Al-Zaki |first=Taleb|author2=B. Tilman Jolly |date=January 1997| title=Severe Hyponatremia After Purification |journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine |publisher=Mosby|doi=10.1016/S0196-0644(97)70335-4 |volume=29 |issue=1 | pages=194–195| pmid=8998113}}</ref> Testimonials from some participants credit it with improvements in physical and mental health,<ref name="doward">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/mar/27/drugsandalcohol.drugs1|title=Scientologists will 'purify' drug addicts - for £15,000|last=Doward|first=Jamie|date=March 27, 2005|work=The Observer|publisher=Guardian News & Media|access-date=February 21, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="philadelphia7">{{cite news | first = Art | last = Carey| title = Clinic's results make 9/11 responders believe | work =[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]| date = October 7, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024144711/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/health_science/daily/20071007_Clinics_results_make_9_11_responders_believe.html | archive-date=October 24, 2007 |url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/health_science/daily/20071007_Clinics_results_make_9_11_responders_believe.html}}</ref> but several families blame the program for the death of a relative and several lawsuits have been filed against Scientology.<ref name="sptimes">{{cite news| first=Geoff |last=Dougherty | title = Store selling Scientology vitamin regimen raises concerns | url = http://www.sptimes.com/News/32899/Pasco/Store_selling_Sciento.html | work = [[St. Petersburg Times]] | date = March 28, 1999 | access-date =February 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991111085544/http://www.sptimes.com/News/32899/Pasco/Store_selling_Sciento.html |archive-date=November 11, 1999}}</ref> The project's clients were required to attend this programme three hours each day, for between twenty-one and forty days.<ref name="gittrich" /> This was promoted as a way to treat memory loss, [[respiratory disease|respiratory problems]], fatigue and other problems suffered by the Ground Zero workers.<ref name="gittrich" /> ==Finances and organization== From 2003 to 2007, Downtown Medical received [[US$]]900,000 in public funding, including $630,000 from the [[New York City Council|City of New York]]. The project also received private funding, the biggest supporter being [[Tom Cruise]].<ref name ="NYP"/> Other celebrity donors included [[Paul Newman]], [[Paul McCartney]], [[Adam Sandler]], [[Leah Remini]], [[Will Smith]] and [[Jada Pinkett Smith]].<ref name="dunleavy">{{cite news| first = Steve| last = Dunleavy| title = Cruise's Clinic OK| work = [[New York Post]] | date =June 12, 2007}}</ref> By late 2004, these donations amounted to $2.3 million. The detoxification program has been offered for free to rescue workers, and also offered to other New York City residents, some of whom paid $5,000.<ref name="slate">{{cite news | first = Amanda | last = Schaffer | title = Poisons, Begone! The dubious science behind the Scientologists' detoxification program for 9/11 rescue workers | url = http://www.slate.com/id/2108471/ | work = [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] | date = October 21, 2004 | access-date = January 29, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="gilmore2004" /> According to tax filings, the project pays some of its money to two bodies that promote the [[Purification Rundown]], both related to the [[Church of Scientology]]. These are the [[Association for Better Living and Education]] (ABLE), which receives 5% of all contributions, and the Foundation for Advancements in Science and Education (FASE).<ref name="NYP" /> In 1981, Bill Franks, then Executive Director of the Church of Scientology, was involved in creating FASE; he later described it as a [[Scientology front groups|front group]].<ref name="welkos">{{cite news | last =Sappell | first =Joel |author2=Robert W. Welkos |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | title=Church Seeks Influence in Schools, Business, Science | date =June 27, 1990|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-scientology062790-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026084227/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-scientology062790,0,2470065,full.story |url-status=live |archive-date=October 26, 2012 |access-date=January 21, 2009 }}</ref> In one year, $173,300 of Downtown Medical's income went to Dr. Steven Lager, a Scientologist.<ref name="foxnews" /> {{as of|2007}}, the director of the project was Jim Woodworth,<ref name="cbs" /> a former drug addict who credits his recovery to the Purification Rundown.<ref name="gittrich" /> He was formerly the executive director of HealthMed, a [[Sacramento, California]], group which promotes Hubbard's approach to detoxification.<ref name="gittrich" /> ==Endorsements and criticism== The project had a mixed response from public officials. [[Margarita López]], a former member of the [[New York City Council]], endorsed the program and helped it to win public funding. Subsequently, she received nearly $115,000 in campaign contributions from Scientologists.<ref name="backsoff">{{cite news| first=Mark | last=Sommer | title =Schumer backs off support for program | work=[[Buffalo News]] | date = August 6, 2005}}</ref><ref name="downtown">{{cite news|title=Margarita Lopez stays mum through Scientology flap|last=Schindler|first=Paul|url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_117/margaritalopezstays.html|work=Downtown Express|date=August 5, 2005|volume=18|issue=11|access-date=January 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190924/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_117/margaritalopezstays.html|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another councillor, [[Joseph Addabbo, Jr.]], also supported the project, telling reporters, "The project seems to work. I've seen it firsthand."<ref name="seifman" /> Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] spoke out against Addabbo and López for their connections with the program,<ref name="NYP" /> saying that Scientology is "not science, and we should only fund those programs that reputable scientists believe will stand the light of day".<ref name=cbs>{{cite news|last=Bonawitz|first=Amy|title=Tom Cruise Raises Money For 9/11 Detox|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tom-cruise-raises-money-for-9-11-detox/|access-date=March 4, 2011|newspaper=CBSNews.com|date=April 20, 2007|publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref><ref name="seifman">{{cite news | last = Seifman | first = David| title = Crui$e is 'Detox' of De Town | work = [[New York Post]]| date = April 20, 2007}}</ref> Another supportive member of the City Council was [[Hiram Monserrate]]. Monserrate went through the program himself, and drafted official proclamations honoring both Tom Cruise and L. Ron Hubbard.<ref name ="NYP" /><ref name="seifman" /> Describing himself as a Christian, he distanced himself from Scientology but said he believes in the Purification Rundown.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jose |first=Katharine |date=April 22, 2008 |title=Mad-Dog Councilman Champions No Man's Land |work=New York Observer |url=http://www.observer.com/2008/mad-dog-councilman-champions-no-man-s-land |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604030212/http://www.observer.com/2008/mad-dog-councilman-champions-no-man-s-land |archive-date=June 4, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.observer.com/2007/monserrate-defends-detox-program |title=Monserrate Defends Detox Program |date=April 21, 2007 |work=New York Observer |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205072549/http://www.observer.com/2007/monserrate-defends-detox-program |archive-date=February 5, 2012 }}</ref> Another councillor (and chair of the Public Safety Committee), [[Peter Vallone, Jr.]], vocally criticized the detoxification project and argued that public money should not be spent on it.<ref name="NYP" /> He accused Monserrate of crossing the line between "cult and state".<ref name="mikethumpstom">{{cite news|title=Mike Thumps Tom: blasts city honor for Scientology's Sept. 11 'Detox'|last=Seifman|first=David|date=April 19, 2007|work=New York Post}}</ref> The project's publicity included favorable quotations from [[Chuck Schumer|Senator Charles Schumer]] and from [[Michael Balboni]], New York's deputy secretary for Public Security, though Schumer later withdrew his support and Balboni denied ever making the statement.<ref name="NYP" /><ref name="backsoff" /> Council speaker [[Christine C. Quinn]] denounced the program as meritless.<ref name="mikethumpstom" /> U.S. Representative [[Carolyn B. Maloney]] wrote a letter supporting the project.<ref name="downtown" /> Dr. Bob Hoffman of the New York City [[Poison control center|Poison Control Center]] warned that the Purification Rundown is potentially dangerous, calling it "hocus pocus".<ref name="post_ap" /> Mayor Doreen Ehrbar of Williston Park took part in the opening ceremony for the Long Island clinic.<ref name="whitely" /> Neither the [[New York City Police Department]] nor [[New York City Fire Department]] officially supported the project.<ref name="lloyd">{{cite news|title=Cruise To Host Gala For 9/11 Detox: Report| date=April 6, 2007 |work=CBSNews.com| last=de Vries | first=Lloyd |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cruise-to-host-gala-for-9-11-detox-report/ |access-date=March 5, 2011 |publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Roger |last=Friedman |title=FDNY Hierarchy Furious With Tom Cruise Over Scientology Detox for 9/11 Workers |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/fdny-hierarchy-furious-with-tom-cruise-over-scientology-detox-for-9-11-workers |work=[[Fox News]] |date=April 19, 2007 |access-date=February 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203223438/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C266967%2C00.html |archive-date=February 3, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Uniformed Firefighters Association]] initially supported it, but withdrew when the connection to the Church of Scientology was revealed.<ref name="NYP" /> Firefighter Union President Patrick Bahnken said his members' lives had benefited from the program, and that it had involved no religious rhetoric.<ref name="cbs" /><ref name="post_ap">{{cite news|author=AP and Post Wire Services| title=Crui$ing for Cash| work=[[New York Post]] |date=April 19, 2007}}</ref> Deputy Fire Commissioner [[Frank Gribbon]] of the {{abbr|FDNY|New York City Fire Department}} told ''The New York Times'', "while we are aware some members of the department have availed themselves of the program, we in no way endorse it.”<ref name="odonnell" /> Officials at the department raised concerns that firefighters were giving up existing medications in order to take part.<ref name="odonnell" /> The department's deputy chief medical officer Dr. David Prezant said, "It's not our job to say you can't go. All we can do is say there's no proven evidence it works."<ref name="odonnell" /> Actress and radio show host [[Janeane Garofalo]] drew criticism by allowing actress [[Leah Remini]], then a Scientologist, to promote the project on her [[Air America Radio]] show.<ref>{{cite news| first=Jeannette |last=Walls| url=https://www.today.com/popculture/garofalo-gushes-over-scientology-linked-project-wbna12583654 |title=Garofalo gushes over Scientology-linked project| work=Today.com |date=May 2, 2006|access-date=January 29, 2009}}</ref> ==Outcomes== It was reported in October 2007 that 838 people had completed the program.<ref name="results" /> The clinic displayed towels with colored stains, as evidence that toxic material had been sweated out in the saunas. According to its director, Jim Woodworth, during the Purification Rundown firefighters had passed odd-colored bowel movements and sweated out [[mercury (element)|mercury]], [[aluminium]] and [[magnesium]].<ref name="gittrich" /> The Fire Department's chief medical officer, Dr. Kerry Kelly, criticized the lack of objective evidence, saying, "I have trouble believing in these purple-stained towels."<ref name="gittrich" /> An investigation by the ''[[New York Press]]'' asked a number of independent doctors about the evidence for the Purification Rundown. None of them endorsed the program's effectiveness and some explicitly described it as dangerous. Several said that no [[Peer review|peer-reviewed research]] on the rundown had been published in any medical journal. Some apparently supportive studies have been published, but these lack [[Scientific control|control groups]] and have other scientific failings.<ref name="NYP" /><ref name="slate"/> According to Deputy Fire Commissioner Frank Gribbon, doctors investigating the program on behalf of the Fire Department concluded that it was not detoxifying.<ref name="gittrich">{{cite news|title=Bravest taking the Cruise cure |last=Gittrich|first=Greg|date=December 13, 2003 |work=New York Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216055606/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/local/story/145576p-128631c.html |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/local/story/145576p-128631c.html |access-date=February 22, 2009|archive-date=December 16, 2003}}</ref> [[University of Georgia]] bioterrorism expert Cham Dallas also denied that the procedure could detoxify, saying "It sounds great and they mean well, but it just doesn't work."<ref name="gilmore2004">{{cite news|title=Scientology 'Detox' Furor: clinic draws client raves and researcher jeers|last=Gilmore|first=Heather|date=August 15, 2004 |work=New York Post}}</ref> In 2007, James Dahlgren and colleagues published a small-sample pilot study assessing the project.<ref name="dahlgren" /> Dahlgren is a doctor who promotes the Purification Rundown as a method of detoxification.<ref name="crouch" /> The study claimed to find evidence both of elevated levels of [[polychlorinated biphenyls]] (PCBs) and [[polychlorinated dibenzofurans]] (PCDFs) in the rescue workers and improvement during the program.<ref name="dahlgren">{{cite journal |journal=Chemosphere|volume=69 |issue=8 |date=October 2007| pages=1320–1325 | title=Persistent organic pollutants in 9/11 world trade center rescue workers: Reduction following detoxification |doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.127 |first=James |last=Dahlgren |author2=Marie Cecchini |author3=Harpreet Takhar |author4=Olaf Paepke |pmid=17234251|bibcode=2007Chmsp..69.1320D }}</ref> Two scientists from Cambridge Environmental, Inc. published a thorough critique of the study.<ref name="crouch">{{cite journal |journal=Chemosphere|volume=69 |issue=8 |date=October 2007| pages=1330–1332| title=Comment on "Persistent organic pollutants in 9/11 world trade center rescue workers: Reduction following detoxification" by James Dahlgren, Marie Cecchini, Harpreet Takhar, and Olaf Paepke [Chemosphere 69/8 (2007) 1320–1325] |doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.098 |first=Edmund A. C. |last=Crouch |author2=Laura C. Green |pmid=17692360|bibcode=2007Chmsp..69.1330C }}</ref> They questioned the premise that World Trade Center rescue workers needed detoxification, citing studies that had found that their blood concentration of toxins was no greater than normal. {{quote|[W]ith few exceptions, people's body burdens of PCBs and other 'dioxin-like compounds' are determined almost exclusively by the food we eat, not by the air we breathe. Firefighters may occasionally receive on-the-job exposures to PCBs and PCDFs, but these would be from having fought PCB-containing electrical transformer fires, not from 9/11.}} The paper argues that the project never properly tested its outcomes and concludes that application of the "potentially dangerous" Purification Rundown to the health problems of 9/11 workers is "unconscionable".<ref name="crouch" /> Many of the participants spoke favorably of the program and reported improved physical and mental health.<ref name="gilmore2004" /> Others said they were just taking advantage of the free saunas.<ref name="ppg2003" /> One Fire Department lieutenant was quoted describing colleagues as desperate for help with the distress they felt in the aftermath of the attacks, to the point that they would try anything.<ref name="odonnell" /><ref name="ppg2003" /> Fire Department officials raised concerns about the project, saying that firefighters were being required to give up [[inhalers]], pills and other orthodox [[Pharmaceutical drug|medication]].<ref name="odonnell" /><ref name="gittrich" /><ref name="ppg2003">{{cite news|title=NYC Clinic has Scientology ties|last=O'Donnell|first=Michelle|date=October 4, 2003|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|page=4}}</ref> Two weeks into the program, one firefighter passed out and was taken to an emergency room with severe asthma, later saying that he had been asked to stop using his inhaler.<ref name="gilmore2004" /> According to the clinic's associate medical director, Dr. Kawabena Nyamekye, participants were being helped off medication at their own insistence, not at the request of Downtown Medical.<ref name="gittrich" /> A former worker at Downtown Medical told reporters that staff were discouraged from calling for an ambulance even in an emergency, and that one of them had been required to [[Disconnection (Scientology)|break off contact]] with her boyfriend because he had left Scientology.<ref name="clinicbad" /> A spokesman responded that the clinic had "a clear policy of calling 911 when needed."<ref name=clinicbad>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Stefan C.|title=Scientology Clinic Bad Medicine: Ex-Worker|newspaper=New York Post|date=August 4, 2005}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Purification Rundown]] * [[Narconon]] * ''[[Clear Body, Clear Mind]]'' * ''[[All About Radiation]]'' * [[Dianazene]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== * nydetox.org New York Workers Detoxification Project ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001418/http://nydetox.org/ archive]) * [http://www.detoxacademy.org detoxacademy.org] International Academy of Detoxification Specialists {{Scientology}} [[Category:2003 establishments in New York City]] [[Category:Aftermath of the September 11 attacks]] [[Category:Organizations based in New York City]] [[Category:Organizations established in 2003]] [[Category:Scientology organizations]] [[Category:Scientology-related controversies]] [[Category:Scientology properties]] [[Category:Alternative 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