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Upendra Maharathi - Wikipedia
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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Upendra Maharathi</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1908<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1908</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1981 (aged 72–73)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Indian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_College_of_Art_%26_Craft" title="Government College of Art & Craft">Government College of Art & Craft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Painter, sculptor, illustrator, architect, and graphic and textile designer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Upendra Maharathi</b> was an Indian artist<sup id="cite_ref-B2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who worked in various mediums including painting, sculpture, illustration, architecture, graphic design, and textile design. He was born in the village of Narendrapur in <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> and received his art education at the <a href="/wiki/Government_College_of_Art_%26_Craft" title="Government College of Art & Craft">Government College of Art & Craft</a> in Kolkata under <a href="/wiki/Mukul_Dey" title="Mukul Dey">Mukul Dey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Percy_Brown_(art_historian)" title="Percy Brown (art historian)">Percy Brown</a>. After completing his studies, he settled in Bihar.<sup id="cite_ref-C3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His more than 900 works have been preserved by the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="National Gallery of Modern Art">National Gallery of Modern Art</a>, Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-A1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upendra_Maharathi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in 1908 in Narendrapur, a small village in Odisha, Upendra joined the <a href="/wiki/Government_College_of_Art_%26_Craft" title="Government College of Art & Craft">Government College of Art and Craft</a> in 1925. He was exposed to a variety of Western and indigenous techniques of art, craft and architecture at the school. His artistic style was shaped by the nationalist movement in Bengal, which supported <a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a> values and recognized the resistive, anti-colonial potential of art. Led by <a href="/wiki/E._B._Havell" class="mw-redirect" title="E. B. Havell">E. B. Havell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abanindranath_Tagore" title="Abanindranath Tagore">Abanindranath Tagore</a>, the movement encouraged students to revive traditional forms of Indian art. His art was also influenced by Gandhi's non-violent politics.<sup id="cite_ref-D4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maharathi created a diverse body of work that explored themes such as spiritualism, nationalism and self-discovery. He lived as a recluse, wandering around pilgrimage sites like <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajagriha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagriha">Rajagriha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaishali_(ancient_city)" title="Vaishali (ancient city)">Vaishali</a> and was known for substituting his canvas with various mediums such as cloth, wood, clay, and bronze.<sup id="cite_ref-C3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an architect, his notable artworks include the Vishwa Shanti Stupa in Rajgir, Japan's Gotemba Peace Pagoda, the <a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nava_Nalanda_Mahavihara" title="Nava Nalanda Mahavihara">Nava Nalanda Mahavihara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a>, Vaishali Museum and Gandhi Mandap in Bodh Gaya.<sup id="cite_ref-A1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upendra Maharathi was also known for his innovative use of <a href="/wiki/Enamel_paint" title="Enamel paint">enamel paint</a> on wood, a technique inspired by the Japanese style. He applied the tikuli style of art to practical and decorative objects such as coasters, trays and wall decorations. His work reflects the influence of <a href="/wiki/Madhubani_art" title="Madhubani art">Mithila (Madhubani) painting</a> on contemporary tikuli art.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, he designed the Ramgarh Congress Nagar Complex,<sup id="cite_ref-B2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included the "Glories of India" series and initiated a new movement in folk art. He was also an active participant in India's independence movement and was influenced by the ideologies of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>. He abandoned the opportunity of an educational tour to Paris in response to Gandhi's call for promoting <a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a>. </p><p>Later, as a special designer in the Department of Industries in the government of Bihar, Maharathi worked to bring together art, craft, and design. Upendra worked to revive the centuries-old tradition of handloom weaving in Bihar. He established an institute in <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a><sup id="cite_ref-D4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for this purpose in 1956, which was later the state government renamed it the Upendra Maharathi Shilp Anusandhan Sansthan in his honor after his death. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a>, one of the highest civilian honours by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> in 1969 for his contributions to revitalizing traditional and native arts and handlooms.<sup id="cite_ref-C3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-D4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upendra_Maharathi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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id="cite_note-B2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFColin_Youn2019" class="citation news cs1">Colin Youn, Sean (19 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asianage.com/life/art/190919/the-gandhian-maharathi.html">"The Gandhian Maharathi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Age">Asian Age</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Gandhian+Maharathi&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Colin+Youn&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianage.com%2Flife%2Fart%2F190919%2Fthe-gandhian-maharathi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpendra+Maharathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?5720">"Chitracharya Upendra Maharathi"</a>. <i>CCRT, Ministry of Culture</i>. Amritmahotsav.nic.in. 7 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CCRT%2C+Ministry+of+Culture&rft.atitle=Chitracharya+Upendra+Maharathi&rft.date=2022-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famritmahotsav.nic.in%2Fdistrict-reopsitory-detail.htm%3F5720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpendra+Maharathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sinha, Atul (18 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amarujala.com/columns/blog/upendra-maharathi-artist-exhibition-national-gallery-of-modern-art-150th-anniversary-of-gandhi?pageId=2">"गांधी जी की 150वीं सालगिरह पर देश देखेगा उपेन्द्र महारथी का कला संसार, पीएम मोदी कर सकते हैं उद्घाटन"</a> (in Hindi). <a href="/wiki/Amar_Ujala" title="Amar Ujala">Amar Ujala</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+150%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%2C+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=Atul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amarujala.com%2Fcolumns%2Fblog%2Fupendra-maharathi-artist-exhibition-national-gallery-of-modern-art-150th-anniversary-of-gandhi%3FpageId%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpendra+Maharathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/the-towns-mirror-special-art-for-the-heart/articleshow/87765876.cms">"The Towns Mirror Special: Art for the heart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Mirror" title="Bangalore Mirror">Bangalore Mirror</a>. 18 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Towns+Mirror+Special%3A+Art+for+the+heart&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbangaloremirror.indiatimes.com%2Fbangalore%2Fothers%2Fthe-towns-mirror-special-art-for-the-heart%2Farticleshow%2F87765876.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpendra+Maharathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2019" class="citation news cs1">Prasad, Sujata (15 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221125075721/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/an-artist-extraordinaire-upendra-maharathi-5992225/">"Upendra Maharathi, an artist extraordinaire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/an-artist-extraordinaire-upendra-maharathi-5992225/">the original</a> on 25 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Upendra+Maharathi%2C+an+artist+extraordinaire&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Sujata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexpress-sunday-eye%2Fan-artist-extraordinaire-upendra-maharathi-5992225%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpendra+Maharathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/72022/five-lesser-known-handicrafts-from-bihar">"Five Lesser Known Handicrafts From Bihar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Outlook_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlook India">Outlook India</a>. 3 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Five+Lesser+Known+Handicrafts+From+Bihar&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Foutlooktraveller%2Fexplore%2Fstory%2F72022%2Ffive-lesser-known-handicrafts-from-bihar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpendra+Maharathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upendra_Maharathi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandbharat.com/hindi/literature/history/art_upendra-maharathi.html">Upendra Maharathi</a> on Brandbharat (Biography)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umsas.org.in/">Upendra Maharathi Shilp Anusandhan Sansthan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artsillustrated.in/architecture/who-was-upendra-maharathi/">Who was Upendra Maharathi?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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