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interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanonjura_kodo_de_1917" title="Kanonjura kodo de 1917 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kanonjura kodo de 1917" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_de_droit_canonique_de_1917" title="Code de droit canonique de 1917 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Code de droit canonique de 1917" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Hukum_Kanonik_1917" title="Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1917 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1917" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codice_Piano_Benedettino" title="Codice Piano Benedettino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Codice Piano Benedettino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_m._kanon%C5%B3_teis%C4%97s_kodeksas" title="1917 m. kanonų teisės kodeksas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1917 m. kanonų teisės kodeksas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodeks_prawa_kanonicznego_z_1917" title="Kodeks prawa kanonicznego z 1917 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kodeks prawa kanonicznego z 1917" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_1917_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Кодекс канонического права 1917 года – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кодекс канонического права 1917 года" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3682084#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1917 codification of Catholic canon law</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_(1918_ed.)_(page_10_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%281918_ed.%29_%28page_10_crop%29.jpg/220px-1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%281918_ed.%29_%28page_10_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%281918_ed.%29_%28page_10_crop%29.jpg/330px-1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%281918_ed.%29_%28page_10_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scale_of_justice,_canon_law.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scale of justice"><img alt="Scale of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/100px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Canon law of the Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><i>Ius vigens</i> (current law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_tuendam_fidem" title="Ad tuendam fidem">Ad tuendam fidem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_corde_Ecclesiae" title="Ex corde Ecclesiae">Ex corde Ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_Doctrina" title="Indulgentiarum Doctrina">Indulgentiarum Doctrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li>Documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus" title="Christus Dominus">Christus Dominus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_gentium" title="Lumen gentium">Lumen gentium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Optatam_Totius" title="Optatam Totius">Optatam totius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium ecclesiarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis" title="Presbyterorum Ordinis">Presbyterorum ordinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precepts_of_the_Church" title="Precepts of the Church">Precepts of the Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jus_antiquum" title="Jus antiquum">Jus antiquum</a></b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 33</span>-1140) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Church Orders">Ancient Church Orders</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">The Apostolic Constitutions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_of_ancient_canons" title="Collections of ancient canons">Collections of ancient canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectiones_canonum_Dionysianae" title="Collectiones canonum Dionysianae">Collectiones canonum Dionysianae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_quadripartita" title="Collectio canonum quadripartita">Collectio canonum quadripartita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Quesnelliana" title="Collectio canonum Quesnelliana">Collectio canonum Quesnelliana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Wigorniensis" title="Collectio canonum Wigorniensis">Collectio canonum Wigorniensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Decree" title="Gelasian Decree">Gelasian Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmachian_forgeries" title="Symmachian forgeries">Symmachian forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Lay investiture controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libertas_ecclesiae" title="Libertas ecclesiae">Libertas ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plenitudo_potestatis" title="Plenitudo potestatis">Plenitudo potestatis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>-1563) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Canonici" title="Corpus Juris Canonici">Corpus Juris Canonici</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretist" title="Decretist">Decretist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canon_Episcopi" title="Canon Episcopi">Canon Episcopi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaritae" title="Margaritae">Margaritae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_commune" title="Jus commune">Jus commune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Gregory IX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretalist" title="Decretalist">Decretalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regul%C3%A6_Juris#Catholic_canonical_use" title="Regulæ Juris">Regulæ Juris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extravagantes" title="Extravagantes">Extravagantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Septimus" title="Liber Septimus">Liber Septimus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novissimum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1563</span>-1918) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)"><i>Benedictus Deus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_Sedis_moderationi" title="Apostolicae Sedis moderationi">Apostolicae Sedis moderationi</a></i></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus codicis</b></i> (1918-present) </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiae_Sanctae" title="Ecclesiae Sanctae">Ecclesiae Sanctae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li></ul> <p>Other </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">Contractum trinius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_judge-delegate" title="Papal judge-delegate">Papal judge-delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Option" title="Right of Option">Right of option</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_canonical_reforms_of_Pius_XII" title="Eastern canonical reforms of Pius XII">Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomocanon" title="Nomocanon">Nomocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Exarch">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left">Latin Church <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">Mysterii Paschalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicam_sacram" title="Musicam sacram">Musicam sacram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scripturarum_thesaurus" title="Scripturarum thesaurus">Scripturarum thesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liturgiam_authenticam" title="Liturgiam authenticam">Liturgiam authenticam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacramental law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844"><i>Communicatio in sacris</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments in the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_of_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defect of birth">Defect of birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Nullity of Sacred Ordination</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">Dimissorial letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator#Catholic_Church" title="Consecrator">Episcopal consecrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">Approbation (Catholic canon law)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Confession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_canons" title="Penitential canons">Penitential canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiale_Theodori" title="Paenitentiale Theodori">Paenitentiale Theodori</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">Seal of the Confessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal and external forum (Catholic canon law)">Internal and external forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_on_the_importance_of_the_internal_forum_and_the_inviolability_of_the_Sacramental_Seal" title="Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal">Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_penitentiary" title="Canon penitentiary">Canon penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_Poenitentiae" title="Sacramentum Poenitentiae">Sacramentum Poenitentiae</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">Celebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacramental#Catholic" title="Sacramental">Sacramentals</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Sacred places </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar in the Catholic Church">Altars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)#Catholic_Church" title="Oratory (worship)">Oratory</a> (chapel)</li></ul> <p>Sacred times </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fast days and abstinence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimonial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Canonical form (Latin Church) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ne_Temere" title="Ne Temere">Ne Temere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of Nullity</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetitum" title="Vetitum">Vetitum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediments to Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Clandestinity (Catholic canon law)">Clandestinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_of_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Impediment of crime">Impediment of crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparity_of_cult" title="Disparity of cult">Disparity of cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligamen" title="Ligamen">Ligamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_propriety" title="Public propriety">Public propriety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimonial dispensation">Matrimonial dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratum_sed_non_consummatum" title="Ratum sed non consummatum">Ratum sed non consummatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Validation_of_marriage" title="Validation of marriage">Sanatio in radice</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_marriage" title="Natural marriage">Natural marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_privilege" title="Pauline privilege">Pauline privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_privilege" title="Petrine privilege">Petrine privilege</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme authority, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">particular<br />churches</a>, and canonical structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><b>Supreme authority of the Church</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Conference of bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Churches <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local particular churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Abbacy <i>nullius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese (Roman Catholic)">Diocese/Archdiocese</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeque_principaliter" title="Aeque principaliter">Aeque principaliter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_episcopi" title="In persona episcopi">In persona episcopi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Diocesan Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_chancery#Catholic_dioceses" title="Diocesan chancery">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_forane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar forane">Vicar forane</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)#Patriarchal_curia" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Eparchal curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">Mission <i>sui juris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Anglicanorum Coetibus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic persons</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Parish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_of_priests_in_solidum" title="Team of priests in solidum">Team of priests <i>in solidum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeism" title="Trusteeism">Lay trusteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Pontifical council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_membership_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of membership of Opus Dei">Types of membership of Opus Dei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Association of the Christian faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_visit_ad_limina" title="Quinquennial visit ad limina">Quinquennial visit ad limina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">Canonical coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonically_crowned_images" title="List of canonically crowned images">Canonically crowned images</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computation_of_time_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Computation of time (Catholic canon law)">Computation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delegata_potestas_non_potest_delegari" title="Delegata potestas non potest delegari">Delegata potestas non potest delegari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">Derogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Dispensation (Catholic canon law)">Dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxa_Innocentiana" title="Taxa Innocentiana">Taxa Innocentiana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Donation (Catholic canon law)">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Interpretation (Catholic canon law)">Interpretation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts">Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreption_and_subreption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)">Obreption & subreption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrogation" title="Obrogation">Obrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Resignation of the Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">Sede vacante</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony#Catholic_Church" title="Simony">Simony</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">Vacatio legis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_visitation" title="Canonical visitation">Visitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Determinatio" title="Determinatio">Determinatio</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Temporal goods (property)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benefice#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Benefice">Benefice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Contract (Catholic canon law)">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarage" title="Altarage">Stole fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporalities" title="Temporalities">Temporalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Person (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_act_of_defection_from_the_Catholic_Church" title="Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church">Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Canonical age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_emancipation" title="Ecclesiastical emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Heresy in the Catholic Church">Heresy</a></li></ul> <p>Clerics </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">Secular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_clergy" title="Regular clergy">Regular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Clerics and public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination" title="Incardination and excardination">Incardination and excardination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (dispensation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Canonical faculties</a></li></ul> <p>Office </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_provision" title="Canonical provision">Canonical provision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_election" title="Canonical election">Canonical election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic and physical persons</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">Jus patronatus</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a> </p> <br /><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Canonical documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Censor librorum</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Imprimatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">Imprimi potest</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Notary (Catholic canon law)">Notary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretal" title="Decretal">Decretal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(canon_law)#Catholic_Church" title="Ordinance (canon law)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_brief" title="Papal brief">Papal brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential" title="Penitential">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_rescripts" title="Papal rescripts">Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Penal law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1324" title="Canon 1324">Canon 1324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">Censure (Catholic canon law)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_delictis_gravioribus" title="De delictis gravioribus">De delictis gravioribus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimen_sollicitationis" title="Crimen sollicitationis">Crimen sollicitationis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">Excommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (penal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae" title="Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae"><i>Latae sententiae</i> and <i>ferendae sententiae</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_prayer_and_penance" title="Life of prayer and penance">Lifetime of prayer and penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_admonitions" title="Canonical admonitions">Canonical admonitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_prison" title="Ecclesiastical prison">Ecclesiastical prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Procedural law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i>Pars statica</i> (tribunals & ministers/parties) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical court">Tribunals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Tribunal of the Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ministers of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial Vicar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Procurator (Catholic canon law)">Procurator</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Pars dynamica</i> (trial procedure) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i> (matrimonial causes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_as_from_an_abuse" title="Appeal as from an abuse">Appeal as from an abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Presumption (Catholic canon law)">Presumption</a></li> <li>Penal procedure <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Canonization#Catholic_Church" title="Canonization">Canonization</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate"><i>Advocatus Diaboli</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oblatio_vitae" title="Oblatio vitae">Oblatio vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Positio" title="Positio">Positio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification_and_canonization_process_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatification and canonization process in 1914">Beatification and canonization process in 1914</a></li></ul> <p>Election of the Roman Pontiff </p> <ul><li>Current law <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Papal renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_exclusivae" title="Jus exclusivae">Jus exclusivae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_appointment" title="Papal appointment">Papal appointment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeterni_Patris_Filius" title="Aeterni Patris Filius">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quia_propter" title="Quia propter">Quia propter</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legal practice and scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canon_law_legal_abbreviations_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of canon law legal abbreviations (Catholic canon law)">List of legal abbreviations</a></li></ul> <p>Academic degrees </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Canon_Law" title="Licentiate of Canon Law">Licentiate of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">Doctor of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">Doctor of both laws</a></li></ul> <p>Journals and Professional Societies </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Law_Society_of_America" title="Canon Law Society of America">Canon Law Society of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jurist_(journal)" title="The Jurist (journal)">The Jurist</a></i></li></ul> <p>Faculties of canon law </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Canon Law">School of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <p>Canonists </p> <ul><li>Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Segusio" title="Henry of Segusio">Hostiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lemoine" title="Jean Lemoine">Jean Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_(decretist)" title="Rufinus (decretist)">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke" title="Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke">Johannes Teutonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Trani" title="Geoffrey of Trani">Geoffrey of Trani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms" title="Burchard of Worms">Burchard of Worms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocard_(law)" title="Brocard (law)">Brocard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern & Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Corecco" title="Eugenio Corecco">Eugenio Corecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Faris" title="John D. Faris">John D. Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Orsy" title="Ladislas Orsy">Ladislas Orsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclaustration" title="Exclaustration">Exclaustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_Conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestation of Conscience">Manifestation of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_erection_of_a_house_of_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical erection of a house of religious">Canonical erection of a house of religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_right" title="Pontifical right">Pontifical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_diocesan_right" title="Congregation of diocesan right">Diocesan right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institute of consecrated life</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Roman_Catholicism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicant orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerics regular">Clerics regular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_Sanctissimus" title="Cum Sanctissimus">Cum Sanctissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primo_Feliciter" title="Primo Feliciter">Primo Feliciter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_laudis" title="Decretum laudis">Decretum laudis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template talk:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></b> (abbreviated <b>1917 CIC</b>, from its Latin title <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Codex Iuris Canonici</i></span></b>), also referred to as the <b>Pio-Benedictine Code</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clinfo1917-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the first official comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Latin canon law</a>. </p><p>Ordered by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> in 1904 and carried out by the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law, led by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Cardinal Gasparri</a>, the work to produce the code was completed and <a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">promulgated</a> under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> on 27 May 1917, <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">coming into effect</a> on 19 May 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Metz,_What_is_Canon_Law?,_pg._59_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metz,_What_is_Canon_Law?,_pg._59-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i> has been described as "the greatest revolution in canon law since the time of <a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1150s AD). </p><p>The 1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i> was composed of laws called <a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">canons</a>, of which there were 2,414.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained in force until the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Entry_into_force" title="Entry into force">took legal effect</a> and abrogated it<sup id="cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clinfo1917-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 27 November 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history of the Catholic Church</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papal attempts at codification of the scattered mass of canon law spanned the eight centuries since <a href="/wiki/Gratian_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gratian (jurist)">Gratian</a> produced his <i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum</a></i> c. 1150.<sup id="cite_ref-BenedictXV204_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenedictXV204-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five books of the <i><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretales Gregorii IX</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Sextus" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Sextus">Liber Sextus</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Boniface VIII</a> were later published. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reasons_for_codification">Reasons for codification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reasons for codification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Pius_X_(Retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pope_Pius_X_%28Retouched%29.jpg/127px-Pope_Pius_X_%28Retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pope_Pius_X_%28Retouched%29.jpg/191px-Pope_Pius_X_%28Retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pope_Pius_X_%28Retouched%29.jpg/254px-Pope_Pius_X_%28Retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a>, who ordered the codification of canon law in 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the close of the <i><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church#Jus_Novum" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Corpus Juris</a></i>, numerous new laws and decrees had been issued by popes, councils, and <a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Roman Congregations</a>. No complete collection of them had ever been published and they remained scattered through the ponderous volumes of the <a href="/wiki/Bullaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullaria">Bullaria</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></i>, and other such compilations, which were accessible to only a few and for professional canonists themselves and formed an unwieldy mass of legal material. Moreover, not a few ordinances, whether included in the "Corpus Juris" or of more recent date, appeared to be contradictory; some had been formally abrogated, others had become obsolete by long disuse; others, again, had ceased to be useful or applicable in the present condition of society. Great confusion was thus engendered and correct knowledge of the law rendered very difficult even for those who had to enforce it.<sup id="cite_ref-GeneralLegislation55_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeneralLegislation55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Already in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> the wish had been expressed in the name of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">King of Portugal</a> that a commission of learned theologians be appointed to make a thorough study of the canonical constitutions binding under pain of <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sin</a>, define their exact meaning, see whether their obligation should not be restricted in certain cases, and clearly determine how far they were to be maintained and observed.<sup id="cite_ref-GeneralLegislation55_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeneralLegislation55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the request of the bishops at the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 14 May 1904, with the <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> <i>Arduum sane munus</i> ("A Truly Arduous Task"), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> set up a commission to begin reducing these diverse documents into a single code,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presenting the normative portion in the form of systematic short <a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">canons</a> shorn of the preliminary considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pietro_Gasparri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pietro_Gasparri.jpg/180px-Pietro_Gasparri.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pietro_Gasparri.jpg/270px-Pietro_Gasparri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pietro_Gasparri.jpg/360px-Pietro_Gasparri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Cardinal Gasparri</a>, architect of the 1917 Code</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Codification_process">Codification process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Codification process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the canon law experts brought to Rome to serve on the codification commission, all the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>'s bishops and superiors general of religious orders were periodically consulted via letter. Every <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a> bishop had the right to permanently keep a representative in Rome to give him voice at the meetings of the codification commission.<sup id="cite_ref-BenedictXV205_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenedictXV205-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the winter of 1912, the "whole span of the code" had been completed, so that a provisional text was printed. The 1912 text was sent out to all Latin bishops and superiors general for their comment, and the notations which they sent back to the codification commission were subsequently printed and distributed to all members of the commission, in order that the members might carefully consider the suggestions.<sup id="cite_ref-BenedictXV205_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenedictXV205-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the aegis of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a>, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XII">Eugenio Pacelli</a> (who later became Pope Pius XII),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law completed its work under <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XV">Benedict XV</a>, who promulgated the <i>Code</i> which became effective in 1918. The work having been begun by <a href="/wiki/Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius X">Pius X</a> and being promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XV">Benedict XV</a>, it is sometimes called the "Pio-Benedictine Code".<sup id="cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clinfo1917-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Period_of_enforcement">Period of enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Period of enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedictus_XV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Benedictus_XV.jpg/220px-Benedictus_XV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Benedictus_XV.jpg/330px-Benedictus_XV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Benedictus_XV.jpg/440px-Benedictus_XV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">promulgated</a> the 1917 Code</figcaption></figure> <p>The new code was completed in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The code was promulgated on 27 May 1917,<sup id="cite_ref-Chair256_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chair256-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> Sunday,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the <i>Code of Canon Law</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Codex Iuris Canonici</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">apostolic constitution</a> <i>Providentissima Mater Ecclesia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benedict XV set 19 May 1918<sup id="cite_ref-Chair256_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chair256-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the date on which it <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">came into force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 September 1917, by the <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> <i>Cum Iuris Canonici</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> made provision for a Pontifical Commission charged with interpreting the code and making any necessary modifications as later legislation was issued. New laws would be appended to existing canons in new paragraphs or inserted between canons, repeating the number of the previous canon and adding <i>bis</i>, <i>ter</i>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (e.g. "canon 1567<i>bis</i>" in the style of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a>) so as not to subvert the ordering of the code, or the existing text of a canon would be completely supplanted. The numbering of the canons was not to be altered.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the most part, it applied only to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> except when "it treats of things that, by their nature, apply to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Oriental</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latin text of the 1917 <i>Code</i> remained unchanged for the first 30 years of its enactment, when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> issued a <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> of 1 August 1948 that amended canon 1099 of the code, a revision that took effect on 1 January 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1917 <i>Code</i> was in force until canon 6 §1 1° of the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Entry_into_force" title="Entry into force">took legal effect</a>—thereby <a href="/wiki/Abrogatio" title="Abrogatio">abrogating</a> it<sup id="cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clinfo1917-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—on 27 November 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decrees">Decrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree (Catholic canon law)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Roman_Congregations" title="Acts of Roman Congregations">Acts of Roman Congregations</a></div> <p>On 15 September 1917, shortly after <a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">promulgating</a> the 1917 code, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Benedict XV</a> promulgated the <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> <i>Cum Iuris Canonici</i>, which forbade the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Roman Congregations</a> from issuing new general decrees unless it was necessary to do so, and then only after consulting the Pontifical Commission charged with amending the code. The congregations were instead to issue Instructions on the canons of the code, and to make it clear that they were elucidating particular canons of the code.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done so as not to make the code obsolete soon after it was promulgated. The 1917 <i>Code</i> was very rarely amended, and then only slightly.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_(Code_of_Canon_Law).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%28Code_of_Canon_Law%29.jpg/250px-Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%28Code_of_Canon_Law%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%28Code_of_Canon_Law%29.jpg/375px-Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%28Code_of_Canon_Law%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%28Code_of_Canon_Law%29.jpg/500px-Cover_of_a_copy_of_the_1917_Codex_Iuris_Canonici_%28Code_of_Canon_Law%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Hardcover of the <i>1917 Code of Canon Law</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The 1917 <i>Code</i> presents canon law in five groupings:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>the general principles of law</li> <li>the law of <a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">persons</a> (clergy, religious, and laity)</li> <li><i>de rebus</i> (including such "things" as the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a>, holy places and times, divine worship, the magisterium, <a href="/wiki/Benefice" title="Benefice">benefices</a>, and temporal goods)</li> <li>procedures</li> <li>crimes and punishment</li></ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As the first complete collection of law for the Latin church, it paints a fairly accurate picture of the organizational design and the role of the papacy and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman curia</a> at the outset of the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The organization of the 1917 <i>Code</i> followed the divisions (<i>Personae</i>, <i>Res</i>, <i>Actiones</i>) of the ancient Roman jurists <a href="/wiki/Gaius_(jurist)" title="Gaius (jurist)">Gaius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian</a>. The code did not follow the classical canonical divisions (<i>Iudex</i>, <i>Iudicium</i>, <i>Clerus</i>, <i>Sponsalia</i>, <i>Crimen</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarship_and_criticism">Scholarship and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scholarship and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a></div> <p>During the 65 years of its enforcement, a complete translation of the 1917 <i>Code</i> from its original Latin was never published. Translations were forbidden, partly to ensure that interpretive disputes among scholars and <a href="/wiki/Canonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonists">canonists</a> concerning such a new type of code would be resolved in Latin itself and not in one of the many languages used in scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More English-language research material exists relating to the 1917 Code than in any other language except Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book <i>De rebus</i> ('On things') was subject to much criticism due to its inclusion of supernatural subjects such as sacraments and divine worship under the category "things" and due to its amalgamation of disparate subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-Metz,_pg._60_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metz,_pg._60-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was argued by some that this was a legalistic reduction of sacramental mystery.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> René Metz defended the codifiers' decision on the layout and scope of <i>De rebus</i> as being the "least bad solution" to structural problems which the codifiers themselves fully understood.<sup id="cite_ref-Metz,_pg._60_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metz,_pg._60-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Code of Canon Law</i> of 1917 allowed those responsible for the church's financial affairs at the parish and diocesan levels to invest in interest-bearing <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities</a> "for the legal rate of interest (unless it is evident that the legal rate is exorbitant), or even for a higher rate, provided that there be a just and proportionate reason."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-clinfo1917-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clinfo1917_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Edward Peters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canonlaw.info/masterpage1917.htm">CanonLaw.info</a>, accessed June-9-2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metz,_What_is_Canon_Law?,_pg._59-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metz,_What_is_Canon_Law?,_pg._59_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metz, "What is Canon Law?", p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a>, 1917 Code, xxx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dr._Edward_N._Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Edward N. Peters">Dr. Edward N. Peters</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canonlaw.info/a_simpleoverview.htm">CanonLaw.info "A Simple Overview of Canon Law"</a>, accessed June-11-2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NYTimes.com, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/27/us/new-canon-law-code-in-effect-for-catholics.html">New Canon Law Code in Effect for Catholics</a>", 27 Nov 1983, accessed 25 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BenedictXV204-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BenedictXV204_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peters, <i>Life of Benedict XV</i>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GeneralLegislation55-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GeneralLegislation55_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeneralLegislation55_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayrinhac, <i>General Legislation</i> §55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietro Cardinal Gasparri, preface to the CIC 1917</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manual of Canon Law, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manual of Canon Law, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BenedictXV205-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BenedictXV205_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BenedictXV205_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peters, <i>Life of Benedict XV</i>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWolf2010" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Hubert (2010). <i>Pope and Devil</i>. Translated by Kronenberg, Kenneth. Belknap Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674064263" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674064263"><bdi>978-0674064263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pope+and+Devil&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0674064263&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1917+Code+of+Canon+Law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry for 'canon law, new code of'. 1910 New Catholic Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/ncd/view.cgi?n=1909">http://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/ncd/view.cgi?n=1909</a>. 1910. Accessed 14 April 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chair256-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chair256_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chair256_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">La Due, William J., J.C.D.: <i>The Chair of Saint Peter: A History of the Papacy</i> (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1999), p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Due, William J., J.C.D.: <i>The Chair of Saint Peter: A History of the Papacy</i> (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1999), p. 257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetz1981" class="citation journal cs1">Metz, René (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30128542">"Pouvoir, centralisation et droit: La codification du droit de l'Eglise catholique au début du XXe siècle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_de_sciences_sociales_des_religions" title="Archives de sciences sociales des religions">Archives de sciences sociales des religions</a></i>. <b>26</b> (51.1): 49–64. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0335-5985">0335-5985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+de+sciences+sociales+des+religions&rft.atitle=Pouvoir%2C+centralisation+et+droit%3A+La+codification+du+droit+de+l%27Eglise+catholique+au+d%C3%A9but+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=51.1&rft.pages=49-64&rft.date=1981&rft.issn=0335-5985&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30128542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1917+Code+of+Canon+Law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ap Const. <i>Providentissima Mater Ecclesia</i> Benedict XV, 27 May 1917</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <i>Cum Iuris Canonici</i> of 15 September 1917, (<a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a>, 1917 Code, p. 25)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <i>Cum Iuris Canonici</i> of 15 September 1917, §III (<a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a>, 1917 Code, p. 26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metz, <i>What is Canon Law?</i> pp. 62–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">canon 1, 1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rev. Dr. Joseph Clifford Fenton, "First Change in Text Of Code of Canon Law" (sic), <a href="/wiki/Catholic_News_Service" title="Catholic News Service">N.C.W.C. News Service</a>, Dec 11, 1948.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1983 Code of Canon Law Annotated, Canon 6 (p. 34)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <i>Cum Iuris Canonici</i> of 15 September 1917, §§II–III (<a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a>, 1917 Code, p. 26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metz, <i>What is Canon Law?</i> P. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metz, <i>What is Canon Law?</i> pg. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William J. La Due, pg. 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/Canon%20Law/Codification/Codification1231-1900.html">Codification 1225 to 1900</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151229155742/http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/Canon%20Law/Codification/Codification1231-1900.html">Archived</a> 2015-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 7 December 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a>, 1917 Code, xxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward N. Peters, 1917 Code, xxxi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metz,_pg._60-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metz,_pg._60_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metz,_pg._60_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Metz, <i>What is Canon Law?</i> pg. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Concilium: "The Future of Canon Law"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T.L. Bouscaren and A.C. Ellis. 1957. <i>Canon Law: A Text and Commentary</i>. p. 825.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.droitcanonique.fr/codes/cic-1917-15/c-1543-cic-1917-3307">"Code du Droit Canon | Canon N° 1543 Code de Droit Canonique (1917) - CIC/1917"</a>. <i>Faculté de Droit Canonique</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927195355/https://www.droitcanonique.fr/codes/cic-1917-15/c-1543-cic-1917-3307">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facult%C3%A9+de+Droit+Canonique&rft.atitle=Code+du+Droit+Canon+%7C+Canon+N%C2%B0+1543+Code+de+Droit+Canonique+%281917%29+-+CIC%2F1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.droitcanonique.fr%2Fcodes%2Fcic-1917-15%2Fc-1543-cic-1917-3307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1917+Code+of+Canon+Law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ayrinhac, Very Rev. H. A., S.S., D.D., D.C.L., <i>General Legislation in the New Code of Canon Law: General Norms. (Can. 1–86.) Ecclesiastical Persons in General. (Can. 87–214.)</i> (New York: Blase Benziger & Co., Inc., 1923).</li> <li>Caparros, Ernest, <i>et al.</i>, <i>1983 Code of Canon Law Annotated</i> "Gratianus Series", 2nd edition (Woodridge: Midwest Theological Forum, 2004).</li> <li>Della Rocca, Fernando. <i>Manual of Canon Law</i> (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1959). Rev. Anselm Thatcher, O.S.B. (translator).</li> <li>La Due, William J., J.C.D.: <i>The Chair of Saint Peter: A History of the Papacy</i> (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1999).</li> <li>Metz, René. <i>What is Canon Law?</i> (New York: Hawthorn Books/Publishers, 1960). Michael Derrick (translator of the French original).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Peters, Edward N.</a> (translator), <i>The 1917 or Pio-Benedictine Code of Canon Law: in English Translation with Extensive Scholarly Apparatus</i> (Ignatius Press, 2001).</li> <li>Peters, Walter H. <i>The Life of Benedict XV</i> (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1959).</li> <li><i>The Future of Canon Law</i> Concilium vol. 48 (Paulist, 1969).</li> <li><i>This article incorporates text from the 1910 version of the New Catholic Dictionary article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/ncd/view.cgi?n=1909">"Canon law, new code of"</a>, a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouscaren1934" class="citation book cs1">Bouscaren, T. Lincoln (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/canonlawdigestof0001bous"><i>The Canon Law Digest: Officially Published Documents Affecting the Code of Canon Law, 1917-1933</i></a>. Internet Archive. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canon+Law+Digest%3A+Officially+Published+Documents+Affecting+the+Code+of+Canon+Law%2C+1917-1933&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=The+Bruce+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Bouscaren&rft.aufirst=T.+Lincoln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanonlawdigestof0001bous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1917+Code+of+Canon+Law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Code_of_Canon_Law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Codex_Iuris_Canonici" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Codex Iuris Canonici">Codex Iuris Canonici</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/X/LAT0813.HTM"><i>Codex Iuris Canonici</i> (1917)</a>, original text in Latin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catho.org/9.php?d=fn"><i>Codex Iuris Canonici</i> (1917) in French translation</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xv/it/bulls/documents/hf_ben-xv_bulls_19170527_providentissima-mater.html">Providentissima Mater Ecclesia</a></i> (Vatican website, in Italian) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecatholicnewsarchive.org/?a=d&d=CC19170727-01.2.27&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------">English version in <i>The Catholic Columbian</i>, p. 3</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canonlaw.info/masterpage1917.htm"><i>Master Page on the Pio-Benedictine Code of 1917</i></a>, CanonLaw.info (website of <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Dr. Edward N. 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