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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الولايات المتحدة الإفريقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الولايات المتحدة الإفريقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos_d%27%C3%81frica" title="Estaos Xuníos d'África – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estaos Xuníos d'África" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_%C5%9Etatlar%C4%B1" title="Afrika Birləşmiş Ştatları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afrika Birləşmiş Ştatları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Афрыкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Злучаныя Штаты Афрыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikas_Forenede_Stater" title="Afrikas Forenede Stater – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Afrikas Forenede Stater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten_von_Afrika" title="Vereinigte Staaten von Afrika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vereinigte Staaten von Afrika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_%C3%81frica" title="Estados Unidos de África – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estados Unidos de África" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_%C5%9Dtatoj_de_Afriko" title="Unuiĝintaj ŝtatoj de Afriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unuiĝintaj ŝtatoj de Afriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="ایالات متحده آفریقا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالات متحده آفریقا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats_unis_d%27Afrique" title="États unis d'Afrique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="États unis d'Afrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%ED%95%A9%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="아프리카 합중국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프리카 합중국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աֆրիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆրիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="United States of Africa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perserikatan_Negara-Negara_Afrika" title="Perserikatan Negara-Negara Afrika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perserikatan Negara-Negara Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27Africa" title="Stati Uniti d'Africa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stati Uniti d'Africa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="ארצות הברית של אפריקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארצות הברית של אפריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აფრიკის შეერთებული შტატები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფრიკის შეერთებული შტატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muungano_wa_Madola_ya_Afrika" title="Muungano wa Madola ya Afrika – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muungano wa Madola ya Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD" title="アフリカ合衆国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフリカ合衆国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_da_%C3%81frica" title="Estados Unidos da África – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estados Unidos da África" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Соединённые Штаты Африки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соединённые Штаты Африки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States of Africa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Afrika Birleşik Devletleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afrika Birleşik Devletleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Сполучені Штати Африки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сполучені Штати Африки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD" title="非洲合众国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非洲合众国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political concept similar to the hypothesised United States of Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the current (non-federal) union of African states, see <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>.</div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_continent-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/African_continent-en.svg/300px-African_continent-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/African_continent-en.svg/450px-African_continent-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/African_continent-en.svg/600px-African_continent-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>All African states are members of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>United States of Africa</b> is a concept of a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a> of some or all of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">54</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> and two <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">disputed states</a> on the continent of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The concept takes its origin from <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a>'s 1924 poem "Hail, United States of Africa".<sup id="cite_ref-Hail_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hail-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Independent_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-African_Union_2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-African_Union_2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg/150px-Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg/225px-Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg/300px-Marcus_Garvey_1924-08-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="4857" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a> in 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>The idea of a multinational unifying African state has been compared to various medieval African empires, including the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Benin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Benin Empire">Benin Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem Empire</a> and other historic nation states.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 19th and early 20th century the majority of African land was controlled by various European empires, with the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> controlling around 30 percent of the African population at its peak.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "United States of Africa" was mentioned first by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a> in his poem <i>Hail, United States of Africa</i><sup id="cite_ref-Hail_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hail-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1924. Garvey's ideas and formation systems deeply influenced former Africa leaders and the rebirth of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009–2011_proposals"><span id="2009.E2.80.932011_proposals"></span>2009–2011 proposals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2009–2011 proposals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg/150px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg/225px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg/300px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi-09122003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a> in 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2009, upon being elected chairman of the 53-nation African Union in Ethiopia, <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> told the assembled African leaders: "I shall continue to insist that our sovereign countries work to achieve the United States of Africa."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> reported that Gaddafi had proposed "a single African military force, a single currency and a single passport for Africans to move freely around the continent". Other African leaders stated they would study the proposal's implications, and re-discuss it in May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-divisions_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divisions-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The focus for developing the United States of Africa so far has been on building subdivisions of Africa - the proposed <a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a> can be seen as an example of this. Former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Senegal">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdoulaye_Wade" title="Abdoulaye Wade">Abdoulaye Wade</a>, had indicated that the United States of Africa could exist as early as 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, by contrast, has set itself the task of building a "united and integrated" Africa by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaddafi had also indicated that the proposed federation may extend as far west as the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>: <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> and other islands featuring a large <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a>, may be invited to join.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaddafi also received criticism for his involvement in the movement, and lack of support for the idea from among other African leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A week before Gaddafi's death during the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> expressed relief at the regime's downfall, complaining that Gaddafi had been "intimidating" many African heads of state and government in an effort to gain influence throughout the continent and suggesting that the African Union will function better without Gaddafi and his repeated proposals for a unitary African government.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_death_of_Gaddafi">After the death of Gaddafi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the death of Gaddafi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaddafi was ultimately <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Muammar Gaddafi">killed</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2011)" title="Battle of Sirte (2011)">Battle of Sirte</a> in October 2011. While some regard the project to have died with him, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> expressed interest in reviving the project.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état</a>, Mugabe resigned as President.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 September 2019, Mugabe died. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_views">National views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The governments of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, have supported an African federation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others such as <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> have been more skeptical, feeling that the continent is not ready for integration.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North African countries such as <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, and post-revolution <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> who have traditionally identified more with rival ideologies like <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berberism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> have shown less interest in the idea making it difficult for the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> North Africa to merge with <a href="/wiki/Sub_Saharan_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub Saharan Africa">Sub Saharan Africa</a>. </p><p>Doubts have been raised about whether the goal of a unified Africa can ever be achieved because of the many languages being spoken and ongoing problems of corruption, conflict, tribalism, civil unrest and poverty persisting throughout the continent and continuing to plague the people.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The proposed federation would <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">have the largest total territory</a> of any state, exceeding the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a>. It would also be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">third most populous state</a> after <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>, and with a population speaking an estimated <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">2,000 languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fictional <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> universe, the United States of Africa exist as part of the United Earth Government. Commander <a href="/wiki/Nyota_Uhura" title="Nyota Uhura">Nyota Uhura</a> hails from Kenya, within the United States of Africa; <a href="/wiki/Geordi_La_Forge" title="Geordi La Forge">Geordi La Forge</a>'s home city, <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, is in the African Confederation (it is unknown whether they are intended to be the same organization). </p><p>In the fictional <i><a href="/wiki/Halo_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halo (series)">Halo</a></i> universe, the United States of Africa exist as a nation of the Unified Earth Government, within the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Space_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Space Command">United Nations Space Command</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>'s 1987 science fiction novel <i><a href="/wiki/2061:_Odyssey_Three" title="2061: Odyssey Three">2061: Odyssey Three</a></i> features the formation of a United States of Southern Africa. </p><p>The 2006 French-Beninese film <i><a href="/wiki/Africa_Paradis" title="Africa Paradis">Africa Paradis</a></i> is set in the United States of Africa in the year 2033. </p><p>The 1990s cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/Bots_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Bots Master">Bots Master</a></i> has a United States of Africa, and its President is one of the few people who believe that Ziv "ZZ" Zulander is not a terrorist. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kodwo_Eshun" title="Kodwo Eshun">Kodwo Eshun</a>'s <i>Further Considerations on Afrofuturism</i> (2003), a team of United States of Africa (USAF) archaeologists from the future attempt to reconstruct 20th-century Afrodiasporic subjectivity through a comparative study of various cultural media and artefacts.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">Federal Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">United States of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_of_Africa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hail-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEshun2003" class="citation journal cs1">Eshun, Kodwo (Summer 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41949397">"Further Considerations on Afrofuturism"</a>. <i>CE</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">287–</span>302. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41949397">41949397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CE&rft.atitle=Further+Considerations+on+Afrofuturism&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E287-%3C%2Fspan%3E302&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41949397%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Eshun&rft.aufirst=Kodwo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41949397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" 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Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_African_Union" title="Agencies of the African Union">Specialised agencies and institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Civil_Aviation_Commission" title="African Civil Aviation Commission">African Civil Aviation Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a 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