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photoelectric composite cable</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: underground photoelectric composite cable"> <meta name="keywords" content="underground photoelectric composite cable"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science 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<form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="underground photoelectric composite cable"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2527</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: underground photoelectric composite cable</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2527</span> Presentation of HVA Faults in SONELGAZ Underground Network and Methods of Faults Diagnostic and Faults Location</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Toua%D1%97bia">I. Touaїbia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Azzag"> E. Azzag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Narjes"> O. Narjes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power supply networks are growing continuously and their reliability is getting more important than ever. The complexity of the whole network comprises numerous components that can fail and interrupt the power supply for the end user. Underground distribution systems are normally exposed to permanent faults, due to specific construction characteristics. In these systems, visual inspection cannot be performed. In order to enhance service restoration, accurate fault location techniques must be applied. This paper describes the different faults that affect the underground distribution system of SONELGAZ (National Society of Electricity and Gas of Algeria), and cable fault location procedure with impulse reflection method (TDR), based in the analyses of the cable response of the electromagnetic impulse, allows cable fault prelocation. The results are obtained from real test in the underground distribution feeder from electrical network of energy distribution company of Souk-Ahras, in order to know the influence of cable characteristics in the types and frequency of faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20networks" title="distribution networks">distribution networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20location" title=" fault location"> fault location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDR" title=" TDR"> TDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20cable" title=" underground cable"> underground cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13416/presentation-of-hva-faults-in-sonelgaz-underground-network-and-methods-of-faults-diagnostic-and-faults-location" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2526</span> Electromagnetic Simulation of Underground Cable Perforation by Nail </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nour%20El%20Islam%20Ayad">Ahmed Nour El Islam Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Rouibah"> Tahar Rouibah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Krika"> Wafa Krika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houari%20Boudjella"> Houari Boudjella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larab%20Moulay"> Larab Moulay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Benhamida"> Farid Benhamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Benmoussa"> Selma Benmoussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the electromagnetic field of an underground cable of very high voltage perforated by nail. The aim of this work shows a numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field of 400 kV line after perforation through a ferrous nail in four positions for the pinch pin at different distances. From results for a longitudinal section, we observe and evaluate the distribution and the variation of the electromagnetic field in the cable and the earth. When the nail approaches the underground power cable, the distribution of the magnetic field changes and takes several forms, the magnetic field increase and become very important when the nail breaks the metal screen and will produce a significant leak of the electric field, characterized by a large electric arc and or electric discharge to earth and then a fault in the electrical network. These electromagnetic analysis results help to detect defects in underground cables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground" title="underground">underground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic" title=" electromagnetic"> electromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail" title=" nail"> nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114023/electromagnetic-simulation-of-underground-cable-perforation-by-nail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2525</span> Application of Electro-Optical Hybrid Cables in Horizontal Well Production Logging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daofan%20Guo">Daofan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Yang"> Dong Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For decades, well logging with coiled tubing has relied solely on surface data such as pump pressure, wellhead pressure, depth counter, and weight indicator readings. While this data serves the oil industry well, modern smart logging utilizes real-time downhole information, which automatically increases operational efficiency and optimizes intervention qualities. For example, downhole pressure, temperature, and depth measurement data can be transmitted through the electro-optical hybrid cable in the coiled tubing to surface operators on a real-time base. This paper mainly introduces the unique structural features and various applications of the electro-optical hybrid cables which were deployed into downhole with the help of coiled tubing technology. Fiber optic elements in the cable enable optical communications and distributed measurements, such as distributed temperature and acoustic sensing. The electrical elements provide continuous surface power for downhole tools, eliminating the limitations of traditional batteries, such as temperature, operating time, and safety concerns. The electrical elements also enable cable telemetry operation of cable tools. Both power supply and signal transmission were integrated into an electro-optical hybrid cable, and the downhole information can be captured by downhole electrical sensors and distributed optical sensing technologies, then travels up through an optical fiber to the surface, which greatly improves the accuracy of measurement data transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-optical%20hybrid%20cable" title="electro-optical hybrid cable">electro-optical hybrid cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20photoelectric%20composite%20cable" title=" underground photoelectric composite cable"> underground photoelectric composite cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20cable" title=" seismic cable"> seismic cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coiled%20tubing" title=" coiled tubing"> coiled tubing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20monitoring" title=" real-time monitoring"> real-time monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156152/application-of-electro-optical-hybrid-cables-in-horizontal-well-production-logging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2524</span> Comparison of Finite-Element and IEC Methods for Cable Thermal Analysis under Various Operating Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Baazzim">M. S. Baazzim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Al-Saud"> M. S. Al-Saud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20El-Kady"> M. A. El-Kady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, steady-state ampacity (current carrying capacity) evaluation of underground power cable system by using analytical and numerical methods for different conditions (depth of cable, spacing between phases, soil thermal resistivity, ambient temperature, wind speed), for two system voltage level were used 132 and 380 kV. The analytical method or traditional method that was used is based on the thermal analysis method developed by Neher-McGrath and further enhanced by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and published in standard IEC 60287. The numerical method that was used is finite element method and it was recourse commercial software based on finite element method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20ampacity" title="cable ampacity">cable ampacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20cable" title=" underground cable"> underground cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20rating" title=" thermal rating"> thermal rating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6273/comparison-of-finite-element-and-iec-methods-for-cable-thermal-analysis-under-various-operating-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2523</span> Electric Field Investigation in MV PILC Cables with Void Defect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Alsharif">Mohamed A. Alsharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Wallace"> Peter A. Wallace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20M.%20Hepburn"> Donald M. Hepburn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengke%20Zhou"> Chengke Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide, most PILC MV underground cables in use are approaching the end of their design life; hence, failures are likely to increase. This paper studies the electric field and potential distributions within the PILC insulted cable containing common void-defect. The finite element model of the performance of the belted PILC MV underground cable is presented. The variation of the electric field stress within the cable using the Finite Element Method (FEM) is concentrated. The effects of the void-defect within the insulation are given. Outcomes will lead to deeper understanding of the modeling of Paper Insulated Lead Covered (PILC) and electric field response of belted PILC insulted cable containing void defect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MV%20PILC%20cables" title="MV PILC cables">MV PILC cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model%2FCOMSOL%20multiphysics" title=" finite element model/COMSOL multiphysics"> finite element model/COMSOL multiphysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field%20stress" title=" electric field stress"> electric field stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20discharge%20degradation" title=" partial discharge degradation "> partial discharge degradation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18993/electric-field-investigation-in-mv-pilc-cables-with-void-defect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2522</span> Magnetic Simulation of the Underground Electric Cable in the Presence of a Short Circuit and Harmonics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nour%20El%20Islam%20Ayad">Ahmed Nour El Islam Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Krika"> Wafa Krika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20Ayad"> Abdelghani Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moulay%20Larab"> Moulay Larab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houari%20Boudjella"> Houari Boudjella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Benhamida"> Farid Benhamida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the magnetic emission of underground electric cable of high voltage, because these power lines generate electromagnetic interaction with other objects near to it. The aim of this work shows a numerical simulation of the magnetic field of buried 400 kV line in three cases: permanent and transient states of short circuit and the last case with the presence of the harmonics at different positions as a function of time variation, with finite element resolution using Comsol Multiphysics software. The results obtained showed that the amplitude and distribution of the magnetic flux density change in the transient state and the presence of harmonics. The results of this work calculate the magnetic field generated by the underground lines in order to evaluate and know their impact on ecology and health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground" title="underground">underground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20cables" title=" electric power cables"> electric power cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cables%20crossing" title=" cables crossing"> cables crossing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic" title=" harmonic"> harmonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112134/magnetic-simulation-of-the-underground-electric-cable-in-the-presence-of-a-short-circuit-and-harmonics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2521</span> Detect Cable Force of Cable Stayed Bridge from Accelerometer Data of SHM as Real Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Lan">Nguyen Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Tan%20Kien"> Le Tan Kien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Pham%20Gia%20Bao"> Nguyen Pham Gia Bao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cable-stayed bridge belongs to the combined system, in which the cables is a major strutual element. Cable-stayed bridges with large spans are often arranged with structural health monitoring systems to collect data for bridge health diagnosis. Cables tension monitoring is a structural monitoring content. It is common to measure cable tension by a direct force sensor or cable vibration accelerometer sensor, thereby inferring the indirect cable tension through the cable vibration frequency. To translate cable-stayed vibration acceleration data to real-time tension requires some necessary calculations and programming. This paper introduces the algorithm, labview program that converts cable-stayed vibration acceleration data to real-time tension. The research results are applied to the monitoring system of Tran Thi Ly cable-stayed bridge and Song Hieu cable-stayed bridge in Vietnam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-stayed%20bridge" title="cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20fore" title=" cable fore"> cable fore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20heath%20monitoring%20%28SHM%29" title=" structural heath monitoring (SHM)"> structural heath monitoring (SHM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20fourie%20transformed%20%28FFT%29" title=" fast fourie transformed (FFT)"> fast fourie transformed (FFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time" title=" real time"> real time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182663/detect-cable-force-of-cable-stayed-bridge-from-accelerometer-data-of-shm-as-real-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2520</span> Severity Index Level in Effectively Managing Medium Voltage Underground Power Cable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Azraei%20Pangah%20Pa%27at">Mohd Azraei Pangah Pa'at</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ruzlin%20Mohd%20Mokhtar"> Mohd Ruzlin Mohd Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhidayu%20Rameli"> Norhidayu Rameli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tashia%20Marie%20Anthony"> Tashia Marie Anthony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huzainie%20Shafi%20Abd%20Halim"> Huzainie Shafi Abd Halim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partial Discharge (PD) diagnostic mapping testing is one of the main diagnostic testing techniques that are widely used in the field or onsite testing for underground power cable in medium voltage level. The existence of PD activities is an early indication of insulation weakness hence early detection of PD activities can be determined and provides an initial prediction on the condition of the cable. To effectively manage the results of PD Mapping test, it is important to have acceptable criteria to facilitate prioritization of mitigation action. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) through Distribution Network (DN) division have developed PD severity model name Severity Index (SI) for offline PD mapping test since 2007 based on onsite test experience. However, this severity index recommendation action had never been revised since its establishment. At presence, PD measurements data have been extensively increased, hence the severity level indication and the effectiveness of the recommendation actions can be analyzed and verified again. Based on the new revision, the recommended action to be taken will be able to reflect the actual defect condition. Hence, will be accurately prioritizing preventive action plan and minimizing maintenance expenditure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20discharge" title="partial discharge">partial discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severity%20index" title=" severity index"> severity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20testing" title=" diagnostic testing"> diagnostic testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20voltage" title=" medium voltage"> medium voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20cable" title=" power cable"> power cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128295/severity-index-level-in-effectively-managing-medium-voltage-underground-power-cable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2519</span> ANFIS Approach for Locating Faults in Underground Cables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdy%20B.%20Eteiba">Magdy B. Eteiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20Ismael%20Wahba"> Wael Ismael Wahba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20Barakat"> Shimaa Barakat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a fault identification, classification and fault location estimation method based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for medium voltage cable in the distribution system. Different faults and locations are simulated by ATP/EMTP, and then certain selected features of the wavelet transformed signals are used as an input for a training process on the ANFIS. Then an accurate fault classifier and locator algorithm was designed, trained and tested using current samples only. The results obtained from ANFIS output were compared with the real output. From the results, it was found that the percentage error between ANFIS output and real output is less than three percent. Hence, it can be concluded that the proposed technique is able to offer high accuracy in both of the fault classification and fault location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title="ANFIS">ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20location" title=" fault location"> fault location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20cable" title=" underground cable"> underground cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11080/anfis-approach-for-locating-faults-in-underground-cables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2518</span> Influence of Nano-ATH on Electrical Performance of LSR for HVDC Insulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Na%20Hwang">Ju-Na Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Hae%20Park"> Min-Hae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kee-Joe%20Lim"> Kee-Joe Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many studies have been conducted on DC transmission. Of power apparatus for DC transmission, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cable systems are being evaluated because of the increase in power demand and transmission distance. Therefore, dc insulation characteristics of Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR), which has various advantages such as short curing time and the ease of maintenance, were investigated to assess its performance as a HVDC insulation material for cable joints. The electrical performance of LSR added to Nano-Aluminum Trihydrate (ATH) was confirmed by measurements of the breakdown strength and electrical conductivity. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used as a means of confirmation of nano-filler dispersion state. The LSR nano-composite was prepared by compounding LSR filled nano-sized ATH filler. The DC insulation properties of LSR added to nano-sized ATH fillers were found to be superior to those of the LSR without filler. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20silicone%20rubber" title="liquid silicone rubber">liquid silicone rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-composite" title=" nano-composite"> nano-composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVDC%20insulation" title=" HVDC insulation"> HVDC insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20joints" title=" cable joints"> cable joints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6214/influence-of-nano-ath-on-electrical-performance-of-lsr-for-hvdc-insulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2517</span> Strength of the Basement Wall Combined with a Temporary Retaining Wall for Excavation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-yeon%20Seo">Soo-yeon Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-jin%20Jung"> Su-jin Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the need for remodeling of many apartments built 30 years ago is increasing. Therefore, researches on the structural reinforcement technology of existing apartments have been conducted. On the other hand, there is a growing need for research on the existing underground space expansion technology to expand the parking space required for remodeling. When expanding an existing underground space, for earthworks, an earth retaining wall must be installed between the existing apartment building and it. In order to maximize the possible underground space, it is necessary to minimize the thickness of the portion of earth retaining wall and underground basement wall. In this manner, the calculation procedure is studied for the evaluation of shear strength of the composite basement wall corresponding to shear span-to-depth ratio in this study. As a result, it was shown that the proposed calculation procedure can be used to evaluate the shear strength of the composite basement wall as safe. On the other hand, when shear span-to-depth ratio is small, shear strength is very underestimated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20space%20expansion" title="underground space expansion">underground space expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20structure" title=" combined structure"> combined structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20retaining%20wall" title=" temporary retaining wall"> temporary retaining wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basement%20wall" title=" basement wall"> basement wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20connectors" title=" shear connectors"> shear connectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86079/strength-of-the-basement-wall-combined-with-a-temporary-retaining-wall-for-excavation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2516</span> 3D Model of Rain-Wind Induced Vibration of Inclined Cable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viet-Hung%20Truong">Viet-Hung Truong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Eock%20Kim"> Seung-Eock Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rain–wind induced vibration of inclined cable is a special aerodynamic phenomenon because it is easily influenced by many factors, especially the distribution of rivulet and wind velocity. This paper proposes a new 3D model of inclined cable, based on single degree-of-freedom model. Aerodynamic forces are firstly established and verified with the existing results from a 2D model. The 3D model of inclined cable is developed. The 3D model is then applied to assess the effects of wind velocity distribution and the continuity of rivulets on the cable. Finally, an inclined cable model with small sag is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20model" title="3D model">3D model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain%20-%20wind%20induced%20vibration" title=" rain - wind induced vibration"> rain - wind induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rivulet" title=" rivulet"> rivulet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20model" title=" analytical model"> analytical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24366/3d-model-of-rain-wind-induced-vibration-of-inclined-cable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2515</span> Analysis of Ferroresonant Overvoltages in Cable-fed Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Eduful">George Eduful</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebenezer%20A.%20Jackson"> Ebenezer A. Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kingsford%20A.%20Atanga"> Kingsford A. Atanga </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the impacts of cable length and capacity of transformer on ferroresonant overvoltage in cable-fed transformers. The study was conducted by simulation using the EMTP RV. Results show that ferroresonance can cause dangerous overvoltages ranging from 2 to 5 per unit. These overvoltages impose stress on insulations of transformers and cables and subsequently result in system failures. Undertaking Basic Multiple Regression Analysis (BMR) on the results obtained, a statistical model was obtained in terms of cable length and transformer capacity. The model is useful for ferroresonant prediction and control in cable-fed transformers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroresonance" title="ferroresonance">ferroresonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-fed%20transformers" title=" cable-fed transformers"> cable-fed transformers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMTP%20RV" title=" EMTP RV"> EMTP RV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis"> regression analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23689/analysis-of-ferroresonant-overvoltages-in-cable-fed-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2514</span> A Case Study on Tension Drop of Cable-band Bolts in Suspension Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihyun%20Park">Sihyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunwoo%20Kim"> Hyunwoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wooyoung%20Jung"> Wooyoung Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongwoo%20You"> Dongwoo You</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regular maintenance works are very important on the axial forces of the cable-band bolts in suspension bridges. The band bolts show stress reduction for several reasons, including cable wire creep, the bolt relaxation, load fluctuation and cable rearrangements, etc., with time. In this study, with respect to the stress reduction that occurs over time, we carried out the theoretical review of the main cause based on the field measurements. As a result, the main cause of reduction in the cable-band bolt axial force was confirmed by the plastic deformation of the zinc plating layer used in the main cable wire, and thus, the theoretical process was established for the practical use in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-band%20Bolts" title="cable-band Bolts">cable-band Bolts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20test" title=" field test"> field test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20reduction" title=" stress reduction"> stress reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36196/a-case-study-on-tension-drop-of-cable-band-bolts-in-suspension-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2513</span> Finite Element Method for Calculating Temperature Field of Main Cable of Suspension Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heng%20Han">Heng Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhilei%20Liang"> Zhilei Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangong%20Zhou"> Xiangong Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the finite element method is used to study the temperature field of the main cable of the suspension bridge, and the calculation method of the average temperature of the cross-section of the main cable suitable for the construction control of the cable system is proposed; By comparing and analyzing the temperature field of the main cable with five diameters, a reasonable diameter limit for calculating the average temperature of the cross section of the main cable by finite element method is proposed. The results show that the maximum error of this method is less than 1℃, which meets the requirements of construction control accuracy; For the main cable with a diameter greater than 400mm, the surface temperature measuring points combined with the finite element method shall be used to calculate the average cross-section temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspension%20bridge" title="suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main%20cable" title=" main cable"> main cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field" title=" temperature field"> temperature field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151307/finite-element-method-for-calculating-temperature-field-of-main-cable-of-suspension-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2512</span> Ageing Deterioration of High-Density Polyethylene Cable Spacer under Salt Water Dip Wheel Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kaewchanthuek">P. Kaewchanthuek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rawonghad"> R. Rawonghad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Marungsri"> B. Marungsri </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the experimental results of high-density polyethylene cable spacers for 22 kV distribution systems under salt water dip wheel test based on IEC 62217. The strength of anti-tracking and anti-erosion of cable spacer surface was studied in this study. During the test, dry band arc and corona discharge were observed on cable spacer surface. After 30,000 cycles of salt water dip wheel test, obviously surface erosion and tracking were observed especially on the ground end. Chemical analysis results by fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy showed chemical changed from oxidation and carbonization reaction on tested cable spacer. Increasing of C=O and C=C bonds confirmed occurrence of these reactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20spacer" title="cable spacer">cable spacer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDPE" title=" HDPE"> HDPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing%20of%20cable%20spacer" title=" ageing of cable spacer"> ageing of cable spacer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20water%20dip%20wheel%20test" title=" salt water dip wheel test"> salt water dip wheel test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9661/ageing-deterioration-of-high-density-polyethylene-cable-spacer-under-salt-water-dip-wheel-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2511</span> O.MG- It’s a Cyber-Enabled Fraud</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damola%20O.%20Lawal">Damola O. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20W.%20Gresty"> David W. Gresty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20E.%20Gan"> Diane E. Gan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louise%20Hewitt"> Louise Hewitt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the feasibility of using a programmable USB such as the O.MG Cable to perform a file tampering attack. Here, the O.MG Cable, an apparently harmless mobile device charger, is used in an unauthorized way to alter the content of a file (accounts record-January_Contributions.xlsx). The aim is to determine if a forensics analyst can reliably determine who has altered the target file; the O.MG Cable or the user of the machine. This work highlights some of the traces of the O.MG Cable left behind on the target computer itself, such as the Product ID (PID) and Vendor ID (ID). Also discussed is the O.MG Cable’s behavior during the experiments. We determine if a forensics analyst could identify if any evidence has been left behind by the programmable device on the target file once it has been removed from the computer to establish if the analyst would be able to link the traces left by the O.MG Cable to the file tampering. It was discovered that the forensic analyst might mistake the actions of the O.MG Cable for the computer users. Experiments carried out in this work could further the discussion as to whether an innocent user could be punished for the unauthorized changes made by a programmable device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.MG%20cable" title="O.MG cable">O.MG cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programmable%20USB" title=" programmable USB"> programmable USB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=file%20tampering%20attack" title=" file tampering attack"> file tampering attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20evidence%20credibility" title=" digital evidence credibility"> digital evidence credibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miscarriage%20of%20justice" title=" miscarriage of justice"> miscarriage of justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20fraud" title=" cyber fraud"> cyber fraud</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143005/omg-its-a-cyber-enabled-fraud" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2510</span> Moisture Absorption Analysis of LLDPE-NR Nanocomposite for HV Insulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kamarulzaman">M. S. Kamarulzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Muhamad"> N. A. Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20M.%20Jamail"> N. A. M. Jamail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20M.%20Piah"> M. A. M. Piah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20F.%20Kasri"> N. F. Kasri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insulation for high voltage application that has been service for a very long time is subjected to several types of degradation. The degradation can lead to premature breakdown and definitely will spent highly cost to replace the cable. Thus, there are many research on nano composite material get serious attention attention due to their abilities to enhance electrical performance by addition of nano filler. In this paper, water absorption of Low Linear Density Polyethyelene (LLDPE) with different amount of nano filler added is studied. This study is necessary to be conducted since most of electrical apparatus such as cable insulation are dominant used especially in high voltage application. The cable insulation are continuously exposed in uncontrolled environment may suffer degradation process. Three type of nano fillers, was used in this study are: Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Monmorillonite (MMT). The percentage absorption of water was measured by weighted using high precision scales for absorption process up to 92 days. Experimental result demonstrate that SiO2 absorb less water than other filler while, the MMT has hydrophilic properties which it absorbs more water compare to another sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20composite" title="nano composite">nano composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20filler" title=" nano filler"> nano filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilic%20properties" title=" hydrophilic properties"> hydrophilic properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10047/moisture-absorption-analysis-of-lldpe-nr-nanocomposite-for-hv-insulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2509</span> The Effect of Aging of ZnO, AZO, and GZO films on the Microstructure and Photoelectric Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zue-Chin%20Chang">Zue-Chin Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> RF magnetron sputtering is used on the ceramic targets, each of which contains zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc oxide doped with aluminum (AZO) and zinc oxide doped with gallium (GZO). The XRD analysis showed a preferred orientation along the (002) plane for ZnO, AZO, and GZO films. The AZO film had the best electrical properties; it had the lowest resistivity of 6.6 × 10-4 cm, the best sheet resistance of 2.2 × 10-1 Ω/square, and the highest carrier concentration of 4.3 × 1020 cm-3, as compared to the ZnO and GZO films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title="aging">aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=films" title=" films"> films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelectric%20property" title=" photoelectric property"> photoelectric property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23459/the-effect-of-aging-of-zno-azo-and-gzo-films-on-the-microstructure-and-photoelectric-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2508</span> Effects of Arcing in Air on the Microstructure, Morphology and Photoelectric Work Function of Ag-Ni (60/40) Contact Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Akbi">Mohamed Akbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aissa%20Bouchou"> Aissa Bouchou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work aims to throw light on the effects of arcing in air on the surface state of contact pastilles made of silver-nickel Ag-Ni (60/40). Also, the photoelectric emission from these electrical contacts has been investigated in the spectral range of 196-256 nm. In order to study the effects of arcing on the EWF, the metallic samples were subjected to electrical arcs in air, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, after that, they have been introduced into the vacuum chamber of an experimental UHV set-up for EWF measurements. Both Fowler method of isothermal curves and linearized Fowler plots were used for the measurement of the EWF by the photoelectric effect. It has been found that the EWF varies with the number of applied arcs. Thus, after 500 arcs in air, the observed EWF increasing is probably due to progressive inclusion of oxide on alloy surface. Microscopic examination is necessary to get better understandings on EWF of silver alloys, for both virgin and arced electrical contacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag-Ni%20contact%20materials" title="Ag-Ni contact materials">Ag-Ni contact materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arcing%20effects" title=" arcing effects"> arcing effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20work%20function" title=" electron work function"> electron work function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fowler%20methods" title=" Fowler methods"> Fowler methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoemission" title=" photoemission"> photoemission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13940/effects-of-arcing-in-air-on-the-microstructure-morphology-and-photoelectric-work-function-of-ag-ni-6040-contact-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2507</span> Large Amplitude Free Vibration of a Very Sag Marine Cable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Punjarat">O. Punjarat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chucheepsakul"> S. Chucheepsakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Phanyasahachart"> T. Phanyasahachart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on a variational formulation of large amplitude free vibration behavior of a very sag marine cable. In the static equilibrium state, the marine cable has a very large sag configuration. In the motion state, the marine cable is assumed to vibrate in in-plane motion with large amplitude from the static equilibrium position. The total virtual work-energy of the marine cable at the dynamic state is formulated which involves the virtual strain energy due to axial deformation, the virtual work done by effective weight, and the inertia forces. The equations of motion for the large amplitude free vibration of marine cable are obtained by taking into account the difference between the Euler’s equation in the static state and the displaced state. Based on the Galerkin finite element procedure, the linear and nonlinear stiffness matrices, and mass matrices of the marine cable are obtained and the eigenvalue problem is solved. The natural frequency spectrum and the large amplitude free vibration behavior of marine cable are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20deformation" title="axial deformation">axial deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galerkin%20finite%20element%20method" title=" Galerkin finite element method"> Galerkin finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20amplitude" title=" large amplitude"> large amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variational%20method" title=" variational method"> variational method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114132/large-amplitude-free-vibration-of-a-very-sag-marine-cable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2506</span> Statistical Analysis of Cables in Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceshi%20Sun">Ceshi Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yueyu%20Zhao"> Yueyu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaobing%20Zhao"> Yaobing Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiqiang%20Wang"> Zhiqiang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Peng"> Jian Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengxin%20Guo"> Pengxin Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of transportation, there are more than 100 cable-stayed bridges with main span larger than 300 m in China. In order to ascertain the statistical relationships among the design parameters of stay cables and their distribution characteristics, 1500 cables were selected from 25 practical long-span cable-stayed bridges. A new relationship between the first order frequency and the length of cable was found by conducting the curve fitting. Then, based on this relationship other interesting relationships were deduced. Several probability density functions (PDFs) were used to investigate the distributions of the parameters of first order frequency, stress level and the Irvine parameter. It was found that these parameters obey the Lognormal distribution, the Weibull distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution, respectively. Scatter diagrams of the three parameters were plotted and their 95% confidence intervals were also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable" title="cable">cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-stayed%20bridge" title=" cable-stayed bridge"> cable-stayed bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-span" title=" long-span"> long-span</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12878/statistical-analysis-of-cables-in-long-span-cable-stayed-bridges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2505</span> Study of Clutch Cable Architecture and Its Influence in Efficiency of Mechanical Cable Release System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Devamanalan">M. Devamanalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Pothiraj"> K. Pothiraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sudhan"> M. Sudhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In competitive market like India, there is a high demand on the equal contribution on performance and its durability aspect of any system. In General vehicle has multiple sub-systems such as powertrain, BIW, Brakes, Actuations, Suspension and Seats etc., To withstand the market challenges, the contribution of each sub-system is very vital. The malfunction of any one sub system will directly have an impact on the performance of the major system which lead to dis-satisfaction to the end user. The Powertrain system consists of several sub-systems in which clutch is one of the prime sub-systems in MT vehicles which assist for smoother gear shifts with proper clutch dis-engagement and engagement. In general, most of the vehicles will have a mechanical or semi or full hydraulic clutch release system, whereas in small Commercial Vehicles (SCV) the majorly used clutch release system is mechanical cable release system due to its lesser cost and functional requirements. The major bottle neck in the cable type clutch release system is increase in pedal effort due to hysteresis increase and Gear shifting hard due to efficiency loss / cable slackness over the mileage accumulation of the vehicle. This study is to mainly focus on how the efficiency and hysteresis change over the mileage of the vehicle occurs because of the design architecture of outer and inner cable. The study involves several cable design validation results from vehicle level and rig level through the defined cable routing and test procedures. Results are compared to evaluate the suitable cable design architecture based on better efficiency and lower hysteresis parameters at initial and end of the validation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clutch" title="clutch">clutch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clutch%20cable" title=" clutch cable"> clutch cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20routing" title=" cable routing"> cable routing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157322/study-of-clutch-cable-architecture-and-its-influence-in-efficiency-of-mechanical-cable-release-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2504</span> Feasibility Assessment of High-Temperature Superconducting AC Cable Lines Implementation in Megacities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Kashcheev">Andrey Kashcheev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Sytnikov"> Victor Sytnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20Dubinin"> Mikhail Dubinin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Filipeva"> Elena Filipeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitriy%20Sorokin"> Dmitriy Sorokin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various variants of technical solutions aimed at improving the reliability of power supply to consumers of 110 kV substation are considered. For each technical solution, the results of calculation and analysis of electrical modes and short-circuit currents in the electrical network are presented. The estimation of electric energy consumption for losses within the boundaries of substation reconstruction was carried out in accordance with the methodology for determining the standards of technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks. The assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of the use of HTS CL compared with the complex reconstruction of the 110 kV substation was carried out. It is shown that the use of high-temperature superconducting AC cable lines is a possible alternative to traditional technical solutions used in the reconstruction of substations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconductivity" title="superconductivity">superconductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20lines" title=" cable lines"> cable lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting%20cable" title=" superconducting cable"> superconducting cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20cable" title=" AC cable"> AC cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feasibility" title=" feasibility"> feasibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172507/feasibility-assessment-of-high-temperature-superconducting-ac-cable-lines-implementation-in-megacities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2503</span> Analysis of Underground Logistics Transportation Technology and Planning Research: Based on Xiong'an New Area, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xia%20Luo">Xia Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Zeng"> Cheng Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the promotion of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in 2017, Xiong'an New Area is the third crucial new area in China established after Shenzhen and Shanghai. Its constructions' significance lies in mitigating Beijing's non-capital functions and exploring a new mode of optimizing development in densely populated and economically intensive areas. For this purpose, developing underground logistics can assume the role of goods distribution in the capital, relieve the road transport pressure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, adjust and optimize the urban layout and spatial structure of it. Firstly, the construction planning of Xiong'an New Area and underground logistics development are summarized, especially the development status abroad, the development trend, and bottlenecks of underground logistics in China. This paper explores the technicality, feasibility, and necessity of four modes of transportation. There are pneumatic capsule pipeline (PCP) technology, the CargoCap technology, cable hauled mule, and automatic guided vehicle (AGV). The above technical parameters and characteristics are introduced to relevant experts or scholars. Through establishing an indicator system, carrying out a questionnaire survey with the Delphi method, the final suggestion is obtained: China should develop logistics vehicles similar to CargoCap, adopting rail mode and driverless mode. Based on China's temporal and spatial logistics demand and the geographical pattern of Xiong'an New Area, the construction scale, technical parameters, node location, and other vital parameters of underground logistics are planned. In this way, we hope to speed up the new area's construction and the logistics industry's innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Xiong%27an%20new%20area" title="the Xiong'an new area">the Xiong'an new area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20logistics" title=" underground logistics"> underground logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrastive%20analysis" title=" contrastive analysis"> contrastive analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CargoCap" title=" CargoCap"> CargoCap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20planning" title=" logistics planning"> logistics planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132260/analysis-of-underground-logistics-transportation-technology-and-planning-research-based-on-xiongan-new-area-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2502</span> Compensation of Cable Attenuation in Step Current Generators to Enable the Convolution Method for Calibration of Current Transducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Treyer">P. Treyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kujda"> M. Kujda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Urs"> H. Urs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to digitally compensate for the apparent discharge time constant of the coaxial cable so that the current step response is flat and can be used to calibrate current transducers using the convolution method. For proper use of convolution, the step response record length is required to be at least the same as the waveform duration to be evaluated. The current step generator based on the cable discharge is compared to the Blumlein generator. Moreover, the influence of each component of the system on the performance of the step is described, which allows building the appropriate measurement set-up. In the end, the calibration of current viewing resistors dedicated to high current impulse is computed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blumlein%20generator" title="Blumlein generator">Blumlein generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20attenuation" title=" cable attenuation"> cable attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolution" title=" convolution"> convolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20step%20generator" title=" current step generator"> current step generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130233/compensation-of-cable-attenuation-in-step-current-generators-to-enable-the-convolution-method-for-calibration-of-current-transducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2501</span> Jet-Stream Airsail: Study of the Shape and the Behavior of the Connecting Cable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Frank">Christopher Frank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiki%20Miyairi"> Yoshiki Miyairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A jet-stream airsail concept takes advantage of aerology in order to fly without propulsion. Weather phenomena, especially jet streams, are relatively permanent high winds blowing from west to east, located at average altitudes and latitudes in both hemispheres. To continuously extract energy from the jet-stream, the system is composed of a propelled plane and a wind turbine interconnected by a cable. This work presents the aerodynamic characteristics and the behavior of the cable that links the two subsystems and transmits energy from the turbine to the aircraft. Two ways of solving this problem are explored: numerically and analytically. After obtaining the optimal shape of the cross-section of the cable, its behavior is analyzed as a 2D problem solved numerically and analytically. Finally, a 3D extension could be considered by adding lateral forces. The results of this work can be further used in the design process of the overall system: aircraft-turbine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet-stream" title="jet-stream">jet-stream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable" title=" cable"> cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tether" title=" tether"> tether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title=" aircraft"> aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airsail" title=" airsail"> airsail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11611/jet-stream-airsail-study-of-the-shape-and-the-behavior-of-the-connecting-cable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2500</span> Advancing Power Network Maintenance: The Development and Implementation of a Robotic Cable Splicing Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asmari">Ali Asmari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Symington"> Alex Symington</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Htaik%20Than"> Htaik Than</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austin%20Caradonna"> Austin Caradonna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Senft"> John Senft</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the collaborative effort between ULC Technologies and Con Edison in developing a groundbreaking robotic cable splicing machine. The focus is on the machine's design, which integrates advanced robotics and automation to enhance safety and efficiency in power network maintenance. The paper details the operational steps of the machine, including cable grounding, cutting, and removal of different insulation layers, and discusses its novel technological approach. The significant benefits over traditional methods, such as improved worker safety and reduced outage times, are highlighted based on the field data collected during the validation phase of the project. The paper also explores the future potential and scalability of this technology, emphasizing its role in transforming the landscape of power network maintenance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20splicing%20machine" title="cable splicing machine">cable splicing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20network%20maintenance" title=" power network maintenance"> power network maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20distribution" title=" electric distribution"> electric distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20transmission" title=" electric transmission"> electric transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20voltage%20cable" title=" medium voltage cable"> medium voltage cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182049/advancing-power-network-maintenance-the-development-and-implementation-of-a-robotic-cable-splicing-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2499</span> Investigating the Behavior of Underground Structures in the Event of an Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davoud%20Beheshtizadeh">Davoud Beheshtizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzin%20Malekpour"> Farzin Malekpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The progress of technology and producing new machinery have made a big change in excavation operations and construction of underground structures. The limitations of space and some other economic, politic and military considerations gained the attention of most developed and developing countries towards the construction of these structures for mine, military, and development objectives. Underground highways, tunnels, subways, oil reservoir resources, fuels, nuclear wastes burying reservoir and underground stores are increasingly developing and being used in these countries. The existence and habitability of the cities depend on these underground installations or in other words these vital arteries. Stopping the flow of water, gas leakage and explosion, collapsing of sewage paths, etc., resulting from the earthquake are among the factors that can severely harm the environment and increase the casualty. Lack of sewage network and complete stoppage of the flow of water in Bam (Iran) is a good example of this kind. In this paper, we investigate the effect of wave orientation on structures and deformation of them and the effect of faulting on underground structures, and then, we study resistance of reinforced concrete against earthquake, simulate two different samples, analyze the result and point out the importance of paying attention to underground installations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20structures" title="underground structures">underground structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20installations" title=" underground installations"> underground installations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20deformations" title=" axial deformations"> axial deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86411/investigating-the-behavior-of-underground-structures-in-the-event-of-an-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2498</span> Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Photoelectric Work Function of Silver-Zinc Oxide Contact Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchou%20A%C3%AFssa">Bouchou Aïssa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Akbi"> Mohamed Akbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contact materials used for electrical breakers are often made with silver alloys. Mechanical and thermo dynamical properties as well as electron emission of such complicated alloys present a lack of reliable and accurate experimental data. This paper deals mainly with electron work function (EWF) measurements about silver-metal oxide (Ag-MeO) electrical contacts (Ag-ZnO (92/8), before and after surface heat treatments at 296 K  813 K, under UHV conditions (residual gas pressure of 1.4 x 10-7 mbar). The electron work function (EWF) of silver zinc oxide materials was measured photoelectrically, using both Fowler’s method of isothermal curves and linearized Fowler plots. In this paper, we present the development of a method for measuring photoelectric work function of contact materials. Also reported in this manuscript are the results of experimental work whose purpose has been the buildup of a reliable photoelectric system and associated monochromatic ultra-violet radiations source, and the photoelectric measurement of the electron work functions (EWF) of contact materials. In order to study the influence of annealing temperature on the EWF, a vacuum furnace was used for heating the metallic samples up to 800 K. The EWF of the silver – zinc oxide materials were investigated to study the influence of annealing temperature on the EWF. In the present study, the photoelectric measurements about Ag-ZnO(92/8) contacts have shown a linear decrease of the EWF with increasing temperature, i.e. the temperature coefficient is constant and negative: for the first annealing # 1, in the temperature range [299 K  823 K]. On the contrary, a linear increase was observed with increasing temperature (i.e. , being constant and positive), for the next annealing # 2, in the temperature range [296 K  813 K]. The EWFs obtained for silver-zinc oxide Ag-ZnO(92/8) show an obvious dependence on the annealing temperature which is strongly associated with the evolution of the arrangement on ZnO nano particles on the Ag-ZnO contact surface as well as surface charge distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Photoemission" title="Photoemission">Photoemission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electron%20work%20function" title=" Electron work function"> Electron work function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fowler%20methods" title=" Fowler methods"> Fowler methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag-ZnO%20contact%20materials" title=" Ag-ZnO contact materials"> Ag-ZnO contact materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vacuum%20heat%20treatment" title=" Vacuum heat treatment"> Vacuum heat treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25862/effect-of-annealing-temperature-on-the-photoelectric-work-function-of-silver-zinc-oxide-contact-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20photoelectric%20composite%20cable&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20photoelectric%20composite%20cable&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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