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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refurbishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refurbishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Refurbishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refurbishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publicity_stunts_and_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publicity_stunts_and_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publicity stunts and protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publicity_stunts_and_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_monuments_to_Nelson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_monuments_to_Nelson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other monuments to Nelson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_monuments_to_Nelson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_s%C3%BCtunu" title="Nelson sütunu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nelson sütunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_de_Nelson" title="Columna de Nelson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Columna de Nelson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nelson's Column" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%C5%AFv_sloup" title="Nelsonův sloup – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nelsonův sloup" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colofn_Nelson" title="Colofn Nelson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Colofn Nelson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelsons%C3%A4ule_(London)" title="Nelsonsäule (London) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nelsonsäule (London)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_de_Nelson" title="Columna de Nelson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Columna de Nelson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_zutabea_(Londres)" title="Nelson zutabea (Londres) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nelson zutabea (Londres)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%86%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="برج نلسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برج نلسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonne_Nelson_(Londres)" title="Colonne Nelson (Londres) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonne Nelson (Londres)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%AC%EC%8A%A8_%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%ED%83%91" title="넬슨 기념탑 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="넬슨 기념탑" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նելսոնի սյուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նելսոնի սյուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugu_Nelson" title="Tugu Nelson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tugu Nelson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonna_di_Nelson" title="Colonna di Nelson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonna di Nelson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עמוד נלסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד נלסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Нельсон колоннасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нельсон колоннасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson-eml%C3%A9koszlop" title="Nelson-emlékoszlop – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nelson-emlékoszlop" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1" title="Нелсонов столб – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нелсонов столб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="عمود نيلسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عمود نيلسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nelson's Column" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E6%9F%B1" title="ネルソン記念柱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネルソン記念柱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelsons%C3%B8ylen" title="Nelsonsøylen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nelsonsøylen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumna_Nelsona" title="Kolumna Nelsona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolumna Nelsona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluna_de_Nelson" title="Coluna de Nelson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coluna de Nelson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloana_lui_Nelson" title="Coloana lui Nelson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coloana lui Nelson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Колонна Нельсона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колонна Нельсона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB" title="නෙල්සන්ගේ කුළුණ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නෙල්සන්ගේ කුළුණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nelson's Column" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelsonov_st%C4%BAp" title="Nelsonov stĺp – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nelsonov stĺp" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelsonov_steber" title="Nelsonov steber – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nelsonov steber" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelsonin_patsas" title="Nelsonin patsas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nelsonin patsas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelsonkolonnen" title="Nelsonkolonnen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nelsonkolonnen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เสาเนลสัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสาเนลสัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Колона Нельсона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колона Нельсона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%9F%B1" title="纳尔逊纪念柱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纳尔逊纪念柱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q842089#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nelson%27s_Column&params=51_30_27.8_N_0_07_40.7_W_region:GB_scale:500_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′27.8″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°07′40.7″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.507722°N 0.127972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.507722; -0.127972</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monument in Trafalgar Square, London</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the monument in London. For the BBC comedy, see <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column_(TV_series)" title="Nelson's Column (TV series)">Nelson's Column (TV series)</a>. For the Montreal monument, see <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column,_Montreal" title="Nelson's Column, Montreal">Nelson's Column, Montreal</a>. For the former monument in Dublin, see <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Pillar" title="Nelson's Pillar">Nelson's Pillar</a>. For other obelisks to Nelson, see <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Monument">Nelson Monument</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nelson's Column</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_Column,_Trafalgar_Square,_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG/220px-Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG/330px-Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG/440px-Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="2621" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nelson's Column, <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-lat="51.507722222222" data-lon="-0.12797222222222" data-overlays="["_1d1412cc61a704e08bdc5c201be8f3ab358e65a4"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/51.507722222222/-0.12797222222222/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,51.507722222222,-0.12797222222222,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nelson%27s_Column&revid=1259237044&groups=_1d1412cc61a704e08bdc5c201be8f3ab358e65a4" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,51.507722222222,-0.12797222222222,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nelson%27s_Column&revid=1259237044&groups=_1d1412cc61a704e08bdc5c201be8f3ab358e65a4 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nelson%27s_Column&params=51_30_27.8_N_0_07_40.7_W_region:GB_scale:500_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′27.8″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°07′40.7″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.507722°N 0.127972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.507722; -0.127972</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">London, <a href="/wiki/WC_postcode_area" title="WC postcode area">WC2</a><br />United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Railton" title="William Railton">William Railton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hodges_Baily" title="Edward Hodges Baily">E. H. Baily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edwin_Landseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edwin Landseer">Sir Edwin Landseer</a><br />Also: <a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Watson" title="Musgrave Watson">Musgrave Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_F._Woodington" title="William F. Woodington">William F. Woodington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ternouth" title="John Ternouth">John Ternouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Carew" title="John Edward Carew">John Edward Carew</a> (sculptors), <a href="/wiki/Grissell_and_Peto" title="Grissell and Peto">Grissell and Peto</a> (contractors)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victory_column" title="Victory column">Victory column</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">169 feet 3 inches (51.59 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Beginning date</th><td class="infobox-data">1840</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completion date</th><td class="infobox-data">1843</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">1843</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dedicated to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Horatio Nelson">Admiral Horatio Nelson</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nelson's Column</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">Central London</a>, built to commemorate Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a>'s decisive victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a> over the combined French and Spanish navies, during which he was killed by a French sniper. The monument was constructed between 1840 and 1843 to a design by <a href="/wiki/William_Railton" title="William Railton">William Railton</a> at a cost of <span style="white-space: nowrap">£47,000</span> (equivalent to £5,828,216 in 2023). It is a column of the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian order</a><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built from <a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> granite. The statue of Nelson was carved from <a href="/wiki/Craigleith,_Edinburgh" title="Craigleith, Edinburgh">Craigleith sandstone</a> by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hodges_Baily" title="Edward Hodges Baily">Edward Hodges Baily</a>. The four bronze lions around its base, designed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edwin_Landseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edwin Landseer">Sir Edwin Landseer</a>, were added in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pedestal" title="Pedestal">pedestal</a> is decorated with four <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> relief panels, each 18 feet (5.5 m) square, cast from captured French guns. They depict the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1797)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)">Battle of Cape St. Vincent</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1801)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1801)">Battle of Copenhagen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">death of Nelson at Trafalgar</a>. The sculptors were <a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Watson" title="Musgrave Watson">Musgrave Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_F._Woodington" title="William F. Woodington">William F. Woodington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ternouth" title="John Ternouth">John Ternouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Carew" title="John Edward Carew">John Edward Carew</a>, respectively. The ornate capital upon which Nelson stands is by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Harriott_Smith" title="Charles Harriott Smith">Charles Harriott Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was refurbished in 2006 at a cost of <span style="white-space: nowrap">£420,000</span> (equivalent to £767,579 in 2023), at which time it was surveyed and found to be 14 feet 6 inches (4.42 m) shorter than previously supposed.<sup id="cite_ref-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dawar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole monument is 169 feet 3 inches (51.59 m) tall from the bottom of the pedestal to the top of Nelson's hat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_history">Construction and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-William_Henry_Fox_Talbot_-_The_Nelson_Column_in_Trafalgar_Sqaure_under_Construction_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="1939" /></a><figcaption>The column under construction, 1843. <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Fox_Talbot" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Fox Talbot">William Henry Fox Talbot</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg/170px-Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg/255px-Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg/340px-Trafalgar_Square-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption>The column looking south towards <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> and Westminster Abbey</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 1838, a group of 121 peers, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs) and other gentry formed a committee to raise a monument to Lord Nelson, funded by public subscription, and the Government agreed to provide a site in Trafalgar Square, in front of the newly completed <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>. A competition was held for designs with an estimated budget of between £20,000 and £30,000. The deadline for submissions was 31 January 1839. </p><p>The winning entry, chosen by the sub-committee headed by the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> was a design by <a href="/wiki/William_Railton" title="William Railton">William Railton</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian column">Corinthian column</a>, surmounted by a statue of Nelson, and flanked by four sculpted <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a>. Flights of steps would lead up between the lions to the pedestal of the column.<sup id="cite_ref-bonhams.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonhams.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several other entrants also submitted schemes for columns. The second prize was won by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hodges_Baily" title="Edward Hodges Baily">Edward Hodges Baily</a> who suggested an obelisk surrounded by sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Criticism of the organisation of the competition caused it to be re-run. Railton submitted a slightly revised design, and was once again declared the winner, with the stipulation that the statue of Nelson should be made by EH Baily. The original plan was for a column 203 feet (62 m) high, including the base and statue, but this was reduced to 170 feet (52 m) with a shaft of 98 feet (30 m) due to concerns over stability.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The base was to have been of granite and the shaft of Craigleith <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, but before construction began it was decided that the shaft should also be of granite.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavations for the brick foundations had begun by July 1840. On 30 September 1840, the first stone of the column was laid by Charles Davison Scott, honorary secretary of the committee (and son of Nelson's secretary, John Scott), at a ceremony conducted, according to the <i>Nautical Magazine</i>, "in a private manner, owing to the noblemen and gentlemen comprising the committee being absent from town".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the monument, by the contractors <a href="/wiki/Grissell_and_Peto" title="Grissell and Peto">Grissell and Peto</a>, progressed slowly, and the stonework, ready for the installation of the statue, was not completed until November 1843. </p><p>In 1844, the Nelson Memorial Committee ran out of money, having only raised <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>20,485 in public subscriptions,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Government, in the form of the Office of Woods and Forests took over the project.<sup id="cite_ref-bonhams.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonhams.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Installation of the bronze reliefs on the pedestal did not begin until late 1849, when John Edward Carew's depiction of the death of Nelson was put in place on the side facing Whitehall. This was followed early the next year by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Woodington" title="William F. Woodington">William F. Woodington</a>'s relief of the Battle of the Nile on the opposite side.<sup id="cite_ref-times1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carew's relief was cast by Adams, Christie and Co. of Rotherhithe.<sup id="cite_ref-times1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other three were cast by Moore, Fressange and Moore. The last to be made, <i>The Battle of Cape St. Vincent</i> became the subject of legal action, when it was discovered that the bronze had been adulterated with iron. The partners in the company were jailed for fraud and the relief was completed by Robinson and Cottam.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was finally put in place in May 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Horatio_Nelson,_Nelson%27s_Column,_Trafalgar_Square,_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Admiral_Horatio_Nelson%2C_Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG/170px-Admiral_Horatio_Nelson%2C_Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Admiral_Horatio_Nelson%2C_Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG/255px-Admiral_Horatio_Nelson%2C_Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Admiral_Horatio_Nelson%2C_Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG/340px-Admiral_Horatio_Nelson%2C_Nelson%27s_Column%2C_Trafalgar_Square%2C_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="2043" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> statue by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hodges_Baily" title="Edward Hodges Baily">Edward Hodges Baily</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 5.5-metre (18 ft 1 in) statue at the top was sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hodges_Baily" title="Edward Hodges Baily">Edward Hodges Baily</a> R.A. from three pieces of Craigleith sandstone donated by the Duke of Buccleuch, former chairman of the Nelson Memorial Committee, from his own quarries.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The statue stands on a fluted column built from solid blocks of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> from the Foggintor quarries on <a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corinthian capital is made of bronze elements, cast from cannon salvaged from the wreck of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1756)" title="HMS Royal George (1756)">HMS <i>Royal George</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the Woolwich Arsenal foundry. It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Mars_Ultor" title="Temple of Mars Ultor">Temple of Mars Ultor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and was modelled by C. H. Smith. The bronze pieces, some weighing as much as 900 pounds (410 kg) are fixed to the column by the means of three large belts of metal lying in grooves in the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The column also had a symbolic importance to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. If Hitler's plan to invade Britain, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Lion" title="Operation Sea Lion">Operation Sea Lion</a>, had been successful, he planned to move it to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lions">Lions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The four identical bronze <a href="/wiki/Barbary_lion" title="Barbary lion">Barbary lions</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the column's base were not added until 1867. At one stage they were intended to be of granite, and the sculptor <a href="/wiki/John_Graham_Lough" title="John Graham Lough">John Graham Lough</a> was chosen to carve them. However, in 1846, after consultations with Railton, he turned down the commission, unwilling to work under the restrictions imposed by the architect.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times43_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times43-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Lion_(29530696422).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Stone_Lion_%2829530696422%29.jpg/220px-Stone_Lion_%2829530696422%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Stone_Lion_%2829530696422%29.jpg/330px-Stone_Lion_%2829530696422%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Stone_Lion_%2829530696422%29.jpg/440px-Stone_Lion_%2829530696422%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="2158" /></a><figcaption>Milne's model for "War", in place at <a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a> Village</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Milnes_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Milnes (sculptor)">Thomas Milnes</a> received the commission in 1858, and produced four full-scale models in sandstone, each individualised to represent Peace, War, Vigilance and Determination. These were rejected, and the commission was transferred, again, to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edwin_Landseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edwin Landseer">Sir Edwin Landseer</a>. Subsequently mill owner Sir <a href="/wiki/Titus_Salt" title="Titus Salt">Titus Salt</a> bought the statues instead for a civic building at the centre of his workers village, installed on pedestals in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four sandstone Lions now have Grade II* listed building status.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_lion_and_church_spire,_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bronze_lion_and_church_spire%2C_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg/220px-Bronze_lion_and_church_spire%2C_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bronze_lion_and_church_spire%2C_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg/330px-Bronze_lion_and_church_spire%2C_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bronze_lion_and_church_spire%2C_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg/440px-Bronze_lion_and_church_spire%2C_Trafalgar_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1600280.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>One of the four lions designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Landseer" title="Edwin Landseer">Edwin Landseer</a> at the base</figcaption></figure> <p>The sculptures eventually installed were designed by Sir Edwin Landseer in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Marochetti" title="Carlo Marochetti">Baron Marochetti</a>. Landseer was a hugely popular painter and the favourite of Queen Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their design may have been influenced by Marschalko János's lions at each abutment to the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_L%C3%A1nch%C3%ADd" class="mw-redirect" title="Széchenyi Lánchíd">Széchenyi Lánchíd</a> (Chain Bridge) in Budapest, installed six years before the Trafalgar Square lions were commissioned. </p><p>Landseer requested casts of a real lion from Turin which did not arrive until 1860. In the meantime, he made sketches of lions at London Zoo and eventually received the corpse of one to work with. Delays in completing the work meant that the corpse started to decompose, leading to some discrepancies in form. The paws, for example, were based on those of a cat, and the sculpted lion's backs are concave rather than convex.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sculptures were eventually installed in 1867. Landseer was paid £6,000 for his services, and Marochetti £11,000.<sup id="cite_ref-times43_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times43-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, consultants for the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> reported that tourists climbing onto the backs of the lions have caused considerable damage and recommended banning tourists from climbing them.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refurbishment">Refurbishment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Refurbishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The column was renovated and cleaned by sandblasting in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The column was refurbished in 2006, during which time it was scaffolded from top to bottom for access. Steam cleaning was used, together with gentle abrasives, in order to minimise any harmful impact on the bronze and stonework.<sup id="cite_ref-restore_project_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-restore_project-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The £420,000 cost was covered by <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Financial_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Financial Services">Zurich Financial Services</a>, which advertised on the scaffolding for the duration of the work. Before restoration began, laser surveys were taken during which it was found that the column was significantly shorter than the usually quoted 185 ft (56.4 m). In fact, it measures 169 ft (51.5 m) from the bottom of the first step to the tip of the admiral's hat.<sup id="cite_ref-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dawar_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicity_stunts_and_protests">Publicity stunts and protests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Publicity stunts and protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Noakes" title="John Noakes">John Noakes</a> of the BBC TV children's programme <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Peter" title="Blue Peter">Blue Peter</a></i> climbed the column in 1977. Television presenter and entertainer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Wilmot" title="Gary Wilmot">Gary Wilmot</a> climbed the column in 1989 for LWT's <i>Six O' Clock Show</i> to recreate the 'topping out' ceremony of 1843. Dressed in Victorian attire and sporting a boater hat, Wilmot enjoyed tea and sandwiches at the top of the column before climbing down. </p><p>The column has also been climbed on several occasions as a <a href="/wiki/Publicity_stunt" title="Publicity stunt">publicity stunt</a> to draw attention to social or political causes. Ed Drummond made the first such climb in 1978 for the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Apartheid_Movement" title="Anti-Apartheid Movement">Anti-Apartheid Movement</a>, making use of the lightning conductor <i>en route</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 March 1988, Joe Simpson and John Stevenson climbed the column as part of a <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> Campaign against <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">Acid rain</a>. On 14 June 1992, it was climbed by Martin Cotterrel, Joe Simpson and John Stevenson on behalf of Greenpeace to protest against the first Earth Summit meeting in Brazil. On 13 April 1995, Simon Nadin free-climbed Nelson's Column with Noel Craine, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moffatt" title="Jerry Moffatt">Jerry Moffatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Dawes" title="Johnny Dawes">Johnny Dawes</a> following on top rope, and <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">graded</a> the climb as "E6 6b/5a". This protest time was on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Survival_International" title="Survival International">Survival International</a> to publicize the plight of Canadian <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>. On 13 May 1998, the Column was climbed by Al Baker, Peter Morris and John Cunningham on behalf of Greenpeace to protest against Old growth logging activity in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. In May 2003, <a href="/wiki/BASE_jumping" title="BASE jumping">BASE jumper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">stuntman</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Connery" title="Gary Connery">Gary Connery</a> parachuted from the top of the column, in a stunt designed to draw attention to the Chinese policies in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. </p><p>In December 2015, <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> paid £24,000 to cover it in lights to make it resemble a giant lightsaber, to promote <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 April 2016, in the early hours of the morning, Greenpeace activists climbed up the column and placed a breathing mask on Admiral Lord Nelson in protest of air pollution levels.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_monuments_to_Nelson">Other monuments to Nelson</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other monuments to Nelson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monuments_and_memorials_to_Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Monuments and memorials to Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Monuments and memorials to Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson</a></div> <p>The first civic monument to be erected in Nelson's honour was the <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monument,_Glasgow" title="Nelson Monument, Glasgow">Nelson Monument</a>, a 44-metre high obelisk on <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Green" title="Glasgow Green">Glasgow Green</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland, in 1806. Also in Scotland, the foundation stone for <a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_Tower,_Cluny_Hill,_Forres_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1720070.jpg" title="File:Nelson's Tower, Cluny Hill, Forres - geograph.org.uk - 1720070.jpg">Nelson's Tower</a> at <a href="/wiki/Forres" title="Forres">Forres</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a> was laid in 1806 and it was completed in 1812;<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monument,_Edinburgh" title="Nelson Monument, Edinburgh">Nelson Monument</a> stands on top of <a href="/wiki/Calton_Hill,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Calton Hill, Edinburgh">Calton Hill, Edinburgh</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Pillar" title="Nelson's Pillar">Nelson's Pillar</a> was erected in 1808 but was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republicans</a> in 1966, and in the <a href="/wiki/Bull_Ring,_Birmingham" title="Bull Ring, Birmingham">Bull Ring, Birmingham</a>, England, there is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">Grade II* listed</a> bronze <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Horatio_Nelson,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of Horatio Nelson, Birmingham">statue of Nelson</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westmacott" title="Richard Westmacott">Richard Westmacott</a>, dating from 1809. Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westmacott" title="Richard Westmacott">Richard Westmacott</a> also designed the elaborate monument to Nelson in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Nelson_Monument,_Portsdown_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nelson Monument, Portsdown Hill">Nelson's Needle</a>, on top of <a href="/wiki/Portsdown_Hill" title="Portsdown Hill">Portsdown Hill</a>, was paid for by the company of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victory" title="HMS Victory">HMS <i>Victory</i></a> after arriving back in Portsmouth. There is a column topped with a decorative urn in the Castle Green, <a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a> – a statue was planned in place of the urn, but insufficient money was raised.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Monument" title="Britannia Monument">Britannia Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a>, England (1819), is a 144-foot-high <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">doric</a> column design. </p><p>Elsewhere in the world, <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column,_Montreal" title="Nelson's Column, Montreal">Nelson's Column in Montreal</a> was erected by both <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britons</a> and <a href="/wiki/French-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadians">Canadians</a> in 1809, and there is also a Mount Nelson, near <a href="/wiki/Invermere,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Invermere, British Columbia">Invermere, British Columbia</a>. As at London, the column in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> has the admiral standing with his back to the waves. A much shorter statue of Lord Nelson in <a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Square" title="National Heroes Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgetown" title="Bridgetown">Bridgetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, is older than its counterpart in London.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_(Musgrave_Watson).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Battle of Cape St. Vincent by Musgrave Watson and William F. Woodington, the relief on the west face of the plinth"><img alt="The Battle of Cape St. Vincent by Musgrave Watson and William F. Woodington, the relief on the west face of the plinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_%28Musgrave_Watson%29.jpg/116px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_%28Musgrave_Watson%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_%28Musgrave_Watson%29.jpg/174px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_%28Musgrave_Watson%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_%28Musgrave_Watson%29.jpg/232px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Cape_St_Vincent_relief_%28Musgrave_Watson%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2169" data-file-height="2241" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1797)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)">The Battle of Cape St. Vincent</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Watson" title="Musgrave Watson">Musgrave Watson</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_F._Woodington" title="William F. Woodington">William F. Woodington</a>, the relief on the west face of the plinth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_(Edward_Carew,_1850).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Battle of the Nile by William F. Woodington, the relief on the north face of the plinth"><img alt="The Battle of the Nile by William F. Woodington, the relief on the north face of the plinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_%28Edward_Carew%2C_1850%29.jpg/117px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_%28Edward_Carew%2C_1850%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_%28Edward_Carew%2C_1850%29.jpg/175px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_%28Edward_Carew%2C_1850%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_%28Edward_Carew%2C_1850%29.jpg/233px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_the_Nile_relief_%28Edward_Carew%2C_1850%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2327" data-file-height="2392" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">The Battle of the Nile</a></i> by William F. Woodington, the relief on the north face of the plinth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Battle of Copenhagen by John Ternouth, the relief on the east face of the plinth"><img alt="The Battle of Copenhagen by John Ternouth, the relief on the east face of the plinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg/119px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg/178px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg/237px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Battle_of_Copenhagen_relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="971" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1801)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1801)">The Battle of Copenhagen</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Ternouth" title="John Ternouth">John Ternouth</a>, the relief on the east face of the plinth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Death of Nelson at Trafalgar by John Edward Carew, the relief on the south face of the plinth"><img alt="The Death of Nelson at Trafalgar by John Edward Carew, the relief on the south face of the plinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG/120px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG/180px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG/240px-Nelson%27s_column_-_Death_of_Nelson_at_Trafalgar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">The Death of Nelson at Trafalgar</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Carew" title="John Edward Carew">John Edward Carew</a>, the relief on the south face of the plinth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The column during the Great Smog of 1952"><img alt="The column during the Great Smog of 1952" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg/120px-Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg/180px-Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg/240px-Nelson%27s_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The column during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smog" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Smog">Great Smog of 1952</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the Landseer Lions with the column behind, June 2021"><img alt="One of the Landseer Lions with the column behind, June 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg/120px-Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg/180px-Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg/240px-Landseer_Lion_and_Nelson%27s_Column.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1257" data-file-height="943" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the Landseer Lions with the column behind, June 2021</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Victory_Column" title="Berlin Victory Column">Berlin Victory Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Column" title="Congress Column">Congress Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Column" title="July Column">July Column</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H7TlAAAAMAAJ&q=art+journal+1839">"The Selected Design for the Nelson Testimonial"</a>. <i>The Art Union</i>. <b>1</b>: 100. 1839<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Union&rft.atitle=The+Selected+Design+for+the+Nelson+Testimonial&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=100&rft.date=1839&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH7TlAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dart%2Bjournal%2B1839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span>, p.100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2002" class="citation cs2">White, Colin (2002), <i>The Nelson Encyclopaedia</i>, London: Chatham Publishing / Lionel Leventhal Limited, p. 178, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86176-253-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86176-253-4"><bdi>1-86176-253-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nelson+Encyclopaedia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Chatham+Publishing+%2F+Lionel+Leventhal+Limited&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86176-253-4&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Restored_naval_hero_is_revealed_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/5165948.stm"><i>Restored naval hero is revealed</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 11 July 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Restored+naval+hero+is+revealed&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2006-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Flondon%2F5165948.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dawar_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dawar_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawar2006" class="citation cs2">Dawar, Anil (13 July 2006), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523653/Nelsons-Column-is-16ft-shorter-than-everybody-thought.html">"Nelson's Column is 16ft shorter than everybody thought"</a></span>, <i>The Telegraph</i>, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523653/Nelsons-Column-is-16ft-shorter-than-everybody-thought.html">archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nelson%27s+Column+is+16ft+shorter+than+everybody+thought&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft.aulast=Dawar&rft.aufirst=Anil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1523653%2FNelsons-Column-is-16ft-shorter-than-everybody-thought.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonhams.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bonhams.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bonhams.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonhams.com/eur/auction/17830/lot/35/">"Lot No: 35 An important mid 19th century carved bathstone architect's 1:40 scale model of Nelson's column"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lot+No%3A+35+An+important+mid+19th+century+carved+bathstone+architect%27s+1%3A40+scale+model+of+Nelson%27s+column&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Feur%2Fauction%2F17830%2Flot%2F35%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal</i>, Volume 2, 1839</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXFbAAAAQAAJ"><i>Report from the Select Committee on Trafalgar Square</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+lion%3A+A+victim+of+its+own+power%3F&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-33315873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Landseer%E2%80%99s_Lions_in_Trafalgar_Square">"Landseers Lions in Trafalgar Square"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landseers+Lions+in+Trafalgar+Square&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DLandseer%25E2%2580%2599s_Lions_in_Trafalgar_Square&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times43-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-times43_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times43_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Origins of Nelson Column". <i>The Times</i>. 22 November 1943. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Origins+of+Nelson+Column&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1943-11-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee" class="citation web cs1">Banerjee, Jacqueline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victorianweb.org/sculpture/misc/landseer2.html">"Comparison of Sir Edwin Landseer's and Thomas Milnes's Lions for the Base of Nelson's Column"</a>. <i>victorianweb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=victorianweb.org&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Sir+Edwin+Landseer%27s+and+Thomas+Milnes%27s+Lions+for+the+Base+of+Nelson%27s+Column&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictorianweb.org%2Fsculpture%2Fmisc%2Flandseer2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1314205">"Victoria Hall including wall, gate-piers and sculpted lions to front area, and railings to rear, Shipley - 1314205 | Historic England"</a>. <i>historicengland.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historicengland.org.uk&rft.atitle=Victoria+Hall+including+wall%2C+gate-piers+and+sculpted+lions+to+front+area%2C+and+railings+to+rear%2C+Shipley+-+1314205+%7C+Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1314205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1300666">"SALTAIRE SCHOOL INCLUDING WALL, GATE PIERS AND SCULPTED LIONS TO FRONT AREA, AND GATE TO SOUTH SIDE, Shipley - 1300666 | Historic England"</a>. <i>historicengland.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historicengland.org.uk&rft.atitle=SALTAIRE+SCHOOL+INCLUDING+WALL%2C+GATE+PIERS+AND+SCULPTED+LIONS+TO+FRONT+AREA%2C+AND+GATE+TO+SOUTH+SIDE%2C+Shipley+-+1300666+%7C+Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1300666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revealinghistories.org.uk/smoking-drinking-and-the-british-sweet-tooth/objects/the-desert.html">"The Desert by Sir Edwin Landseer"</a>. <i>revealinghistories.org.uk</i>. Manchester City Galleries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=revealinghistories.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+Desert+by+Sir+Edwin+Landseer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevealinghistories.org.uk%2Fsmoking-drinking-and-the-british-sweet-tooth%2Fobjects%2Fthe-desert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulliver2021" class="citation web cs1">Gulliver, Beth (12 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mylondon.news/news/gruesome-story-behind-trafalgar-square-21824427">"The gruesome story behind the Trafalgar Square lions you probably don't know"</a>. <i>My London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+London&rft.atitle=The+gruesome+story+behind+the+Trafalgar+Square+lions+you+probably+don%27t+know&rft.date=2021-10-12&rft.aulast=Gulliver&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mylondon.news%2Fnews%2Fgruesome-story-behind-trafalgar-square-21824427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8584165/Ban-tourists-from-Trafalgar-Square-lions-before-they-destroy-them-report-says.html">"Ban tourists from Trafalgar Square lions before they destroy them, report says"</a></span>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. 19 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/http://telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8584165/Ban-tourists-from-Trafalgar-Square-lions-before-they-destroy-them-report-says.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Ban+tourists+from+Trafalgar+Square+lions+before+they+destroy+them%2C+report+says&rft.date=2011-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fhowaboutthat%2F8584165%2FBan-tourists-from-Trafalgar-Square-lions-before-they-destroy-them-report-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/88851/"><i>Nelson's Column</i></a> (Newsreel). British Pathé. 14 April 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nelson%27s+Column&rft.pub=British+Path%C3%A9&rft.date=1968-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpathe.com%2Fasset%2F88851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-restore_project-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-restore_project_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615124630/http://www.nelsons-column.co.uk/project.htm"><i>Project of Nelson's Column Restoration</i></a>, David Ball Restoration, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nelsons-column.co.uk/project.htm">the original</a> on 15 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Project+of+Nelson%27s+Column+Restoration&rft.pub=David+Ball+Restoration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nelsons-column.co.uk%2Fproject.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeresford2016" class="citation news cs1">Beresford, David (21 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/oct/21/anti-apartheid-protestors-make-first-ascent-of-nelsons-column-1978">"Anti-apartheid protestors make first ascent of Nelson's Column"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anti-apartheid+protestors+make+first+ascent+of+Nelson%27s+Column&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.aulast=Beresford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2016%2Foct%2F21%2Fanti-apartheid-protestors-make-first-ascent-of-nelsons-column-1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217100914/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/12055403/star-wars-the-force-awakens-Disney-pay-to-turn-Nelsons-Column-into-a-lightsaber.html">"Video: 'Star Wars: The Force Awakens': Disney pay £24,000 to turn Nelson's Column into a lightsaber"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. 17 December 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/12055403/star-wars-the-force-awakens-Disney-pay-to-turn-Nelsons-Column-into-a-lightsaber.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Video%3A+%27Star+Wars%3A+The+Force+Awakens%27%3A+Disney+pay+%C2%A324%2C000+to+turn+Nelson%27s+Column+into+a+lightsaber&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F12055403%2Fstar-wars-the-force-awakens-Disney-pay-to-turn-Nelsons-Column-into-a-lightsaber.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-36070182">"Eight arrests after Greenpeace protesters scale London monuments"</a>. BBC News. 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+arrests+after+Greenpeace+protesters+scale+London+monuments&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-36070182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://canmore.org.uk/site/15864/forres-cluny-hills-nelsons-monument">"Forres, Cluny Hills, Nelson's Monument"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canmore_(database)" title="Canmore (database)">Canmore</a></i>. Historic Environment Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canmore&rft.atitle=Forres%2C+Cluny+Hills%2C+Nelson%27s+Monument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.org.uk%2Fsite%2F15864%2Fforres-cluny-hills-nelsons-monument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2011" class="citation web cs1">Burns, Patrick (30 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/herefordandworcester/nature/12.shtml">"BBC site with photograph"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+site+with+photograph&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fherefordandworcester%2Fnature%2F12.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANelson%27s+Column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.funbarbados.com/Sights/S_lordnelson.cfm">Lord Nelson Statue</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708224645/http://www.funbarbados.com/Sights/S_lordnelson.CFM">Archived</a> 8 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. FunBarbados.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barbados.org/maps_google.htm?mapPoint=170">Barbados Tourism Encyclopaedia</a> – Lord Nelson's Bronze Statue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barbados.gov.bb/placesofInterest.htm">The Government of Barbados</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113144604/http://www.barbados.gov.bb/placesofInterest.htm">Archived</a> 13 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Lord Nelson's Bronze Statue</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson%27s_Column&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" class="extiw" title="commons:Nelson's Column"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Nelson's Column</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4945380.stm">Nelson's broken arm to be X-rayed</a> – <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 26 April 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="/wiki/Template:Trafalgar_Square" title="Template:Trafalgar Square"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trafalgar_Square" title="Template talk:Trafalgar Square"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trafalgar_Square" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trafalgar Square"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trafalgar_Square,_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Clockwise from North: <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commission_of_South_Africa,_London" title="High Commission of South Africa, London">South Africa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummonds_Bank" title="Drummonds Bank">Drummonds Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a></li> <li>Uganda House <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Burundi,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of Burundi, London">Embassy of Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commission_of_Uganda,_London" title="High Commission of Uganda, London">High Commission of Uganda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Building_(London)" title="Canadian Pacific Building (London)">Canadian Pacific building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Admiralty, Trafalgar Square">Admiralty (pub)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_House" title="Canada House">Canada House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morley%27s_Hotel" title="Morley's Hotel">Morley's Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_House" title="Northumberland House">Northumberland House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plinths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SE: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Havelock,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of Henry Havelock, Trafalgar Square">Henry Havelock</a></li> <li>SW: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_James_Napier,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of Charles James Napier, Trafalgar Square">Charles Napier</a></li> <li>NE: <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_IV,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Equestrian statue of George IV, Trafalgar Square">George IV</a></li> <li>NW: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_plinth,_Trafalgar_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square">Fourth plinth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Busts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Beatty,_1st_Earl_Beatty" title="David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty">Lord Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jellicoe,_1st_Earl_Jellicoe" title="John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe">Lord Jellicoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cunningham,_1st_Viscount_Cunningham_of_Hyndhope" title="Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope">Lord Cunningham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charles_I,_Charing_Cross" title="Equestrian statue of Charles I, Charing Cross">Charles I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross" title="Charing Cross">Charing Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nelson's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_II,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of James II, Trafalgar Square">James II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)">George Washington</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adjacent streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockspur_Street" title="Cockspur Street">Cockspur Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Avenue" title="Northumberland Avenue">Northumberland Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barry" title="Charles Barry">Charles Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Norman Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nash_(architect)" title="John Nash (architect)">John Nash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_plinth,_Trafalgar_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square">Fourth plinth</a><br />sculptors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elmgreen_%26_Dragset" title="Elmgreen & Dragset">Elmgreen & Dragset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharina_Fritsch" title="Katharina Fritsch">Katharina Fritsch</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hahn/Cock" title="Hahn/Cock">Hahn/Cock</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Gormley" title="Antony Gormley">Antony Gormley</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/One_%26_Other" title="One & Other">One & Other</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Phillipson" title="Heather Phillipson">Heather Phillipson</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_(sculpture)" title="The End (sculpture)">The End</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Quinn" title="Marc Quinn">Marc Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte" title="Thomas Schütte">Thomas Schütte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinka_Shonibare" title="Yinka Shonibare">Yinka Shonibare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wallinger" title="Mark Wallinger">Mark Wallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Whiteread" title="Rachel Whiteread">Rachel Whiteread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Woodrow" title="Bill Woodrow">Bill Woodrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">Poll tax riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square_Christmas_tree" title="Trafalgar Square Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Trafalgar_Square" title="Category:Trafalgar Square">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_art_and_memorials_in_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_art_in_London" title="Template:Public art in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_art_in_London" title="Template talk:Public art in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_art_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public art in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_art_and_memorials_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_London" title="List of public art in London">Public art and memorials in London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Portrait_sculpture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Portrait sculpture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_English_and_British_royalty_in_London" title="List of statues of English and British royalty in London">British/English<br />royalty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boadicea_and_Her_Daughters" title="Boadicea and Her Daughters">Boudica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alfred_the_Great,_Southwark" title="Statue of Alfred the Great, Southwark">Alfred the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coeur_de_Lion_(statue)" title="Richard Coeur de Lion (statue)">Richard I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Eleanor_Memorial_Cross" title="Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross">Queen Eleanor (Charing Cross)</a></li> <li>Edward VI <ul><li>St Thomas' Hospital: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_VI_(Scheemakers)" title="Statue of Edward VI (Scheemakers)">bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_VI_(Cartwright)" title="Statue of Edward VI (Cartwright)">stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charles_I,_Charing_Cross" title="Equestrian statue of Charles I, Charing Cross">Charles I</a></li> <li>(Interregnum: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Oliver_Cromwell,_Westminster" title="Statue of Oliver Cromwell, Westminster">Oliver Cromwell</a>)</li> <li>Charles II <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_II,_Royal_Hospital_Chelsea" title="Statue of Charles II, Royal Hospital Chelsea">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_II,_Soho_Square" title="Statue of Charles II, Soho Square">Soho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charles_II_trampling_Cromwell" title="Equestrian statue of Charles II trampling Cromwell">Stocks Market</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_II,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of James II, Trafalgar Square">James II</a></li> <li>William III <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_III,_Kensington_Palace" title="Statue of William III, Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_William_III,_London" title="Equestrian statue of William III, London">St James's</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Anne,_St_Paul%27s_Churchyard" title="Statue of Queen Anne, St Paul's Churchyard">St Paul's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Anne,_Queen_Anne%27s_Gate" title="Statue of Queen Anne, Queen Anne's Gate">Westminster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_III,_Somerset_House" title="Statue of George III, Somerset House">George III</a></li> <li>George IV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_(building)" title="King's Cross (building)">King's Cross</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_IV,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Equestrian statue of George IV, Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York_Column" title="Duke of York Column">Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_IV" title="Statue of William IV">William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Duke_of_Kent" title="Statue of the Duke of Kent">Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Equestrian statue of the Duke of Cambridge">Duke of Cambridge</a></li> <li>Victoria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Kensington_Palace" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Victoria Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prince Albert <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_Great_Exhibition" title="Memorial to the Great Exhibition">Memorial to the Great Exhibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_V,_Westminster" title="Statue of George V, Westminster">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth_Memorial" title="King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial">George VI and Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_London" title="Memorial to Queen Elizabeth II, London">Elizabeth II</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Betjeman" title="Statue of John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bolan%27s_Rock_Shrine" title="Marc Bolan's Rock Shrine">Marc Bolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_(Steell)" title="Robert Burns (Steell)">Robert Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Carlyle" title="Statue of Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charlie_Chaplin,_London" title="Statue of Charlie Chaplin, London">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie_Memorial" title="Agatha Christie Memorial">Agatha Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Donne_Memorial" title="John Donne Memorial">John Donne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Irving" title="Statue of Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Michael_Jackson_(Fulham_F.C.)" title="Statue of Michael Jackson (Fulham F.C.)">Michael Jackson</a>†</li> <li>John Keats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Keats,_Guy%27s_Hospital" title="Statue of John Keats, Guy's Hospital">Guy's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Keats,_Moorgate" title="Statue of John Keats, Moorgate">Moorgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">John Milton</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Orwell" title="Statue of George Orwell">George Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Joshua_Reynolds" title="Statue of Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a></li> <li>William Shakespeare <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Heminges_and_Henry_Condell_Memorial" title="John Heminges and Henry Condell Memorial">Heminges and Condell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_Shakespeare,_Leicester_Square" title="Statue of William Shakespeare, Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">Park Lane</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan_Memorial" title="Arthur Sullivan Memorial">Arthur Sullivan</a></li> <li>Oscar Wilde <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="Head of Oscar Wilde">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conversation_with_Oscar_Wilde" title="A Conversation with Oscar Wilde">Covent Garden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Amy_Winehouse" title="Statue of Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Captain_James_Cook,_The_Mall" title="Statue of Captain James Cook, The Mall">James Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Yuri_Gagarin,_Greenwich" title="Statue of Yuri Gagarin, Greenwich">Yuri Gagarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Merchants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Cass" title="Statue of John Cass">John Cass</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Guy" title="Statue of Thomas Guy">Thomas Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_and_Alice_Hogg_Memorial" title="Quintin and Alice Hogg Memorial">Quintin Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Milligan" title="Statue of Robert Milligan">Robert Milligan</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Hugh_Myddelton,_Islington_Green" title="Statue of Hugh Myddelton, Islington Green">Hugh Myddelton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Viscount_Alanbrooke,_London" title="Statue of the Viscount Alanbrooke, London">Lord Alanbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Baden-Powell,_London" title="Statue of Robert Baden-Powell, London">Lord Baden-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Ferdinand_Foch,_London" title="Equestrian statue of Ferdinand Foch, London">Ferdinand Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_General_Gordon" title="Statue of General Gordon">Charles George Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Haig_Memorial" title="Earl Haig Memorial">Earl Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Havelock,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of Henry Havelock, Trafalgar Square">Henry Havelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Earl_Kitchener,_London" title="Statue of the Earl Kitchener, London">Lord Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Viscount_Montgomery,_London" title="Statue of the Viscount Montgomery, London">Lord Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Earl_Mountbatten,_London" title="Statue of the Earl Mountbatten, London">Lord Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_James_Napier,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of Charles James Napier, Trafalgar Square">Charles James Napier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Admiral Lord Nelson (Nelson's Column)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Outram,_London" title="Statue of James Outram, London">James Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Earl_Roberts,_London" title="Equestrian statue of the Earl Roberts, London">Lord Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Viscount_Slim,_London" title="Statue of the Viscount Slim, London">Viscount Slim</a></li> <li>Duke of Wellington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington,_City_of_London" title="Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, City of London">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington,_Hyde_Park_Corner" title="Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Hyde Park Corner">Hyde Park Corner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Stuart_White" title="Equestrian statue of George Stuart White">George Stuart White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Viscount_Wolseley" title="Equestrian statue of the Viscount Wolseley">Lord Wolseley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nurses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Cavell_Memorial" title="Edith Cavell Memorial">Edith Cavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Florence_Nightingale,_London" title="Statue of Florence Nightingale, London">Florence Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mary_Seacole" title="Statue of Mary Seacole">Mary Seacole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Prime ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Clement_Attlee" title="Statue of Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Canning,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of George Canning, Parliament Square">George Canning</a></li> <li>Winston Churchill <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Woodford" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Woodford">Woodford</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Earl_of_Derby,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of the Earl of Derby, Parliament Square">Lord Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Disraeli,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Benjamin Disraeli, Parliament Square">Benjamin Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_David_Lloyd_George,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of David Lloyd George, Parliament Square">David Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone_Memorial,_London" title="Gladstone Memorial, London">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Lord_Palmerston,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Lord Palmerston, Parliament Square">Lord Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Peel,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Robert Peel, Parliament Square">Robert Peel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Other politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Clayton" title="Statue of Robert Clayton">Robert Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Clive,_London" title="Statue of Robert Clive, London">Robert Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Duke_of_Devonshire,_Whitehall" title="Statue of the Duke of Devonshire, Whitehall">Duke of Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_James_Fox" title="Statue of Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Bartle_Frere" title="Statue of Henry Bartle Frere">Henry Bartle Frere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sidney_Herbert,_London" title="Statue of Sidney Herbert, London">Sidney Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Wilfrid_Lawson,_London" title="Statue of Wilfrid Lawson, London">Wilfrid Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_to_Simon_Milton" title="List of monuments and memorials to Simon Milton">Simon Milton (Paddington, St James's, Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_1st_Marquess_of_Westminster,_Belgravia" title="Statue of the 1st Marquess of Westminster, Belgravia">Marquess of Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar,_London" title="Statue of Simón Bolívar, London">Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li>Mahatma Gandhi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Tavistock_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square">Bloomsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament Square">Westminster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_de_Gaulle,_London" title="Statue of Charles de Gaulle, London">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Haile_Selassie" title="Bust of Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial,_London" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial, London">John F. Kennedy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_Man" title="Abraham Lincoln: The Man">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Parliament Square">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Karl_Marx" title="Tomb of Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Peter_the_Great,_Deptford" title="Statue of Peter the Great, Deptford">Peter the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn,_London" title="Statue of José de San Martín, London">José de San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jan_Smuts,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Jan Smuts, Parliament Square">Jan Smuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Trajan,_Tower_Hill" title="Statue of Trajan, Tower Hill">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Saint_Volodymyr,_London" title="Statue of Saint Volodymyr, London">Volodymyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)">George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Becket,_London" title="Statue of Thomas Becket, London">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Henry_Newman,_London" title="Statue of John Henry Newman, London">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li>John Wesley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Wesley,_St_Paul%27s_Churchyard" title="Statue of John Wesley, St Paul's Churchyard">St Paul's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Wesley,_Shoreditch" title="Statue of John Wesley, Shoreditch">Shoreditch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Science and<br />engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazalgette_Memorial" title="Bazalgette Memorial">Joseph Bazalgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel,_Victoria_Embankment" title="Statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Victoria Embankment">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sigmund_Freud,_Hampstead" title="Statue of Sigmund Freud, Hampstead">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Henry_Greathead,_London" title="Statue of James Henry Greathead, London">James Henry Greathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sir_Nigel_Gresley" title="Statue of Sir Nigel Gresley">Nigel Gresley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_Jenner,_London" title="Statue of Edward Jenner, London">Edward Jenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister_Memorial" title="Joseph Lister Memorial">Joseph Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(Paolozzi)" title="Newton (Paolozzi)">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Stephenson" title="Statue of Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Social reformers<br />and humanitarians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Barnardo%27s_Memorial" title="Dr Barnardo's Memorial">Thomas Barnardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Millicent_Fawcett" title="Statue of Millicent Fawcett">Millicent Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacDonald_Memorial" title="Margaret MacDonald Memorial">Margaret MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_and_Christabel_Pankhurst_Memorial" title="Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial">Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst_(artwork)" title="Sylvia Pankhurst (artwork)">Sylvia Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Raikes,_London" title="Statue of Robert Raikes, London">Robert Raikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg_Monument,_London" title="Raoul Wallenberg Monument, London">Raoul Wallenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Harry_Kane" title="Statue of Harry Kane">Harry Kane</a></li> <li>Bobby Moore <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Cup_Sculpture" title="World Cup Sculpture">Upton Park—with Geoff Hurst, Martin Peters and Ray Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Bobby_Moore" title="Statue of Bobby Moore">Wembley</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Fictional<br />characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Paddington_Bear" title="Statue of Paddington Bear">Paddington Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_statue" title="Peter Pan statue">Peter Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">Sherlock Holmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Statues" title="Talking Statues">Talking Statues</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Statues_in_London" class="extiw" title="commons:Statues in London">Statues in London on Wikimedia Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_monuments_and_memorials" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other monuments and memorials</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_July_Memorial" title="7 July Memorial">7 July bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra_Memorial" title="Queen Alexandra Memorial">Queen Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Air_War_Memorial" title="Anti–Air War Memorial">Anti–air war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Bombings_Memorial,_London" title="Bali Bombings Memorial, London">Bali bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdett-Coutts_Memorial_Sundial" title="Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial">Lady Burdett-Coutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheylesmore_Memorial" title="Cheylesmore Memorial">Lord Cheylesmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_Objectors_Commemorative_Stone" title="Conscientious Objectors Commemorative Stone">Conscientious objectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Blossom_Garden" title="London Blossom Garden">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday_Memorial" title="Michael Faraday Memorial">Michael Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Firefighters_Memorial" title="National Firefighters Memorial">Firefighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Gates" title="Grace Gates">W. G. Grace</a></li> <li>Great Fire of London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Boy_of_Pye_Corner" title="Golden Boy of Pye Corner">Golden Boy of Pye Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">The Monument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Heroic_Self-Sacrifice" title="Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice">Heroic self-sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_(memorial_sculpture)" title="Breathing (memorial sculpture)">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Memorial_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Police Memorial (United Kingdom)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Gate" title="Queen Elizabeth Gate">Queen Elizabeth Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Crystal_Crown" title="Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown">Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromhead_Memorial" title="Bromhead Memorial">Star and Garter Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Martyrs_Memorial" title="Stratford Martyrs Memorial">Stratford Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_Memorial" title="Suffragette Memorial">Suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wake_(sculpture)" title="The Wake (sculpture)">Victims of the Atlantic slave trade</a> (planned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Quay_Settlers_Monument" title="Virginia Quay Settlers Monument">Virginia colonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Monument,_London" title="Wellington Monument, London">Wellington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittington_Stone" title="Whittington Stone">Whittington Stone</a></li> <li>Windrush generation <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Custard_Apple_(Annonaceae),_Breadfruit_(Moraceae)_and_Soursop_(Annonaceae)" title="Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) and Soursop (Annonaceae)">Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) and Soursop (Annonaceae)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Windrush_Monument" title="National Windrush Monument">National Windrush Monument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Sculpture_for_Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="A Sculpture for Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Pre-<abbr title="20th century">C20</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_War_Memorial" title="Animals in War Memorial">Animals in War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Crimean_War_Memorial" title="Guards Crimean War Memorial">Guards Brigade (Crimean War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Memorial,_London" title="Gurkha Memorial, London">Gurkhas</a> (1816–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Memorial" title="New Zealand Memorial">New Zealand Campaign (1863–1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz_Memorial" title="Cádiz Memorial">Siege of Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Scholars_War_Memorial" title="Westminster Scholars War Memorial">Westminster School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Boer Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/61st_Battery_Royal_Field_Artillery_Boer_War_Memorial" title="61st Battery Royal Field Artillery Boer War Memorial">61st Battery Royal Field Artillery (Woolwich)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_Boys_School_Boer_War_Memorial" title="Barnet Boys School Boer War Memorial">Barnet Boys School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery_Boer_War_Memorial" title="Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial">Royal Artillery (The Mall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Memorial" title="Royal Marines Memorial">Royal Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">WWI · WWII</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Caribbean_War_Memorial" title="African and Caribbean War Memorial">Africa and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial,_London" title="Australian War Memorial, London">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_Monument,_London" title="Battle of Britain Monument, London">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Memorial,_London" title="Anglo-Belgian Memorial, London">Belgium</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Swept_Lands_and_Seas_of_Red" title="Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red">Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway_Memorial" title="Burma Railway Memorial">Burma Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Memorial" title="Canada Memorial">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9livrance" title="La Délivrance">La Délivrance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanders_Fields_Memorial_Garden" title="Flanders Fields Memorial Garden">Flanders Fields Memorial Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_George_Cross_Memorial" title="Malta George Cross Memorial">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Gates,_London" title="Memorial Gates, London">Memorial Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill_Memorial" title="Tower Hill Memorial">Merchant Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_named_on_the_Tower_Hill_Memorial" title="List of ships named on the Tower Hill Memorial">Ships named on the memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_War_Memorial,_London" title="New Zealand War Memorial, London">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force_Memorial" title="Polish Air Force Memorial">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_War_Memorial,_Richmond_Cemetery" title="South African War Memorial, Richmond Cemetery">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Submarine_War_Memorial" title="National Submarine War Memorial">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Women_of_World_War_II" title="Monument to the Women of World War II">Women of World War II</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Regimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24th_Division_War_Memorial" title="24th Division War Memorial">24th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_of_the_Empire_Memorial" title="Cavalry of the Empire Memorial">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindit_Memorial" title="Chindit Memorial">Chindits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Rifles_War_Memorial" title="Civil Service Rifles War Memorial">Civil Service Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadrons_Memorial" title="Eagle Squadrons Memorial">Eagle Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm_Memorial" title="Fleet Air Arm Memorial">Fleet Air Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Memorial" title="Guards Memorial">Guards Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Camel_Corps_Memorial" title="Imperial Camel Corps Memorial">Imperial Camel Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Corps_Memorial" title="Machine Gun Corps Memorial">Machine Gun Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_Brigade_War_Memorial" title="Rifle Brigade War Memorial">Rifle Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Memorial" title="Royal Air Force Memorial">Royal Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command_Memorial" title="RAF Bomber Command Memorial">RAF Bomber Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery_Memorial" title="Royal Artillery Memorial">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers_War_Memorial" title="Royal Fusiliers War Memorial">Royal Fusiliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division_War_Memorial" title="Royal Naval Division War Memorial">Royal Naval Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment_Memorial" title="Royal Tank Regiment Memorial">Royal Tank Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Troops_War_Memorial" title="London Troops War Memorial">London Troops</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkley_War_Memorial" title="Arkley War Memorial">Arkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_War_Memorial" title="Bromley War Memorial">Bromley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_Parish_Church_Memorial" title="Bromley Parish Church Memorial">parish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingford_War_Memorial" title="Chingford War Memorial">Chingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_Barnet_War_Memorial" title="Chipping Barnet War Memorial">Chipping Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockfosters_War_Memorial" title="Cockfosters War Memorial">Cockfosters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_Cenotaph" title="Croydon Cenotaph">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Barnet_War_Memorial" title="East Barnet War Memorial">East Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_memorials_in_Enfield_Town" title="War memorials in Enfield Town">Enfield Town</a> (3 memorials)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finchley_War_Memorial" title="Finchley War Memorial">Finchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friern_Barnet_Parishioners_War_Memorial" title="Friern Barnet Parishioners War Memorial">Friern Barnet (parish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulham_War_Memorial" title="Fulham War Memorial">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golders_Green_War_Memorial" title="Golders Green War Memorial">Golders Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_War_Memorial" title="Hampstead War Memorial">Hampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Wick_War_Memorial" title="Hampton Wick War Memorial">Hampton Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendon_War_Memorial" title="Hendon War Memorial">Hendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsey_War_Memorial" title="Hornsey War Memorial">Hornsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Green_War_Memorial" title="Islington Green War Memorial">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_War_Memorial" title="Kingston upon Thames War Memorial">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monken_Hadley_War_Memorial" title="Monken Hadley War Memorial">Monken Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Barnet_War_Memorial" title="New Barnet War Memorial">New Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Malden_War_Memorial" title="New Malden War Memorial">New Malden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Gate_Memorial_Cross" title="Lancaster Gate Memorial Cross">Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Recreation_Ground_Memorial" title="Poplar Recreation Ground Memorial">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainham_War_Memorial" title="Rainham War Memorial">Rainham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_War_Memorial,_London" title="Richmond War Memorial, London">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_Cornhill_War_Memorial" title="St Michael Cornhill War Memorial">St Michael, Cornhill (parish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour%27s_War_Memorial" title="St Saviour's War Memorial">St Saviour, Southwark (parish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvertown_War_Memorial" title="Silvertown War Memorial">Silvertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streatham_War_Memorial" title="Streatham War Memorial">Streatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_War_Memorial" title="Twickenham War Memorial">Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promenade_de_Verdun_War_Memorial" title="Promenade de Verdun War Memorial">Promenade de Verdun, Woodcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_War_Memorial" title="Wood Green War Memorial">Wood Green</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Corporate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange_Memorial_Glass" title="Baltic Exchange Memorial Glass">Baltic Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_War_Memorial" title="Bank of England War Memorial">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association_War_Memorial" title="British Medical Association War Memorial">British Medical Association</a></li> <li>Dulwich College <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Old_College_War_Memorial" title="Dulwich Old College War Memorial">Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_College_War_Memorial" title="Dulwich College War Memorial">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Railway_War_Memorial" title="Great Eastern Railway War Memorial">Great Eastern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_War_Memorial" title="Great Western Railway War Memorial">Great Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn_War_Memorial" title="Lincoln's Inn War Memorial">Lincoln's Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway_War_Memorial" title="London and North Western Railway War Memorial">London and North Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Brighton_and_South_Coast_Railway_War_Memorial" title="London, Brighton and South Coast Railway War Memorial">London, Brighton and South Coast Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Assurance_War_Memorial" title="Pearl Assurance War Memorial">Pearl Assurance</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livesey_Hall_War_Memorial" title="Livesey Hall War Memorial">South Suburban Gas Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Holocaust</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_Holocaust_Memorial" title="UK Holocaust Memorial">Victoria Tower Gardens</a> (planned)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Holocaust_Memorial" title="Hyde Park Holocaust Memorial">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindertransport_%E2%80%93_The_Arrival" title="Kindertransport – The Arrival">Kindertransport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolperstein_of_London" title="Stolperstein of London">Stolperstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Post-WWII</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Responses_to_Tragedy" title="Twelve Responses to Tragedy">Victims of Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Memorial,_London" title="Korean War Memorial, London">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_Afghanistan_Memorial" title="Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial">Iraq and Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_London" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in London">Blue plaques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in the London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in the City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalanta_(sculpture)" title="Atalanta (sculpture)">Atalanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barbican_Muse" title="The Barbican Muse">The Barbican Muse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellerophon_Taming_Pegasus" title="Bellerophon Taming Pegasus">Bellerophon Taming Pegasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bermondsey_Lion" title="The Bermondsey Lion">The Bermondsey Lion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_4_(sculpture)" title="Big 4 (sculpture)">Big 4</a></i>‡</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(sculpture)" title="Bull (sculpture)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burghers_of_Calais" title="The Burghers of Calais">The Burghers of Calais</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child_(sculpture)" title="Christ Child (sculpture)">Christ Child</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_(sculpture)" title="Cornerstone (sculpture)">Cornerstone</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Dinosaurs" title="Crystal Palace Dinosaurs">Crystal Palace Dinosaurs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diver" title="The Diver">The Diver</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_lamp_standard" title="Dolphin lamp standard">Dolphin lamp standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boundary_mark" title="Dragon boundary mark">Dragon boundary marks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Oak" title="Elfin Oak">Elfin Oak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enwrought_Light" title="Enwrought Light">Enwrought Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Time_(Lord%27s)" title="Father Time (Lord's)">Father Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fulcrum_(sculpture)" title="Fulcrum (sculpture)">Fulcrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_Smelters" title="The Gold Smelters">The Gold Smelters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla_(sculpture)" title="Gorilla (sculpture)">Gorilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hampstead_Figure" title="The Hampstead Figure">The Hampstead Figure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homage_to_Leonardo" title="Homage to Leonardo">Homage to Leonardo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Icarus_(sculpture)" title="Icarus (sculpture)">Icarus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_(artwork)" title="Labyrinth (artwork)">Labyrinth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Clock" title="Liberty Clock">Liberty Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Noses" title="London Noses">London Noses</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/London_Pride_(sculpture)" title="London Pride (sculpture)">London Pride</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_Place_(sculpture)" title="The Meeting Place (sculpture)">The Meeting Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Messenger_(David_Wynne_sculpture)" title="The Messenger (David Wynne sculpture)">The Messenger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_armillary" title="Sutton armillary">Millennium Dial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monolith_and_Shadow" title="Monolith and Shadow">Monolith and Shadow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Ladies" title="The Naked Ladies">The Naked Ladies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Neighbours" title="The Neighbours">The Neighbours</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Ship_in_a_Bottle" title="Nelson's Ship in a Bottle">Nelson's Ship in a Bottle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nike_(Kougioumtzis)" title="Nike (Kougioumtzis)">Nike</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paternoster_Vents" title="Paternoster Vents">Paternoster Vents</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peckham_Arch" title="Peckham Arch">Peckham Arch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Energy_(sculpture)" title="Physical Energy (sculpture)">Physical Energy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platforms_Piece" title="Platforms Piece">Platforms Piece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Urn" title="Pope's Urn">Pope's Urn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Sculpture_Trail" title="Putney Sculpture Trail">Putney Sculpture Trail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rush_of_Green" title="The Rush of Green">The Rush of Green</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cross" title="St Paul's Cross">St Paul's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_City" title="Sculpture in the City">Sculpture in the City</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylon_(Festival_of_Britain)" title="Skylon (Festival of Britain)">Skylon</a>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(sculpture)" title="Slipstream (sculpture)">Slipstream</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bank_Lion" title="South Bank Lion">South Bank Lion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Water_(sculpture)" title="Still Water (sculpture)">Still Water</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tortoises_with_Triangle_and_Time" title="Tortoises with Triangle and Time">Tortoises with Triangle and Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traffic_Light_Tree" title="Traffic Light Tree">Traffic Light Tree</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Union_(Horse_with_Two_Discs)" title="Union (Horse with Two Discs)">Union (Horse with Two Discs)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Watchers_(sculpture)" title="The Watchers (sculpture)">The Watchers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Turned_Upside_Down_(sculpture)" title="The World Turned Upside Down (sculpture)">The World Turned Upside Down</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lovers_(sculpture)" title="The Young Lovers (sculpture)">The Young Lovers</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_plinth" title="Fourth plinth">Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square</a>‡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_(sculpture)" title="The End (sculpture)">The End</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hahn/Cock" title="Hahn/Cock">Hahn/Cock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Ship_in_a_Bottle" title="Nelson's Ship in a Bottle">Nelson's Ship in a Bottle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_%26_Other" title="One & Other">One & Other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Elisabeth Frink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blind_Beggar_and_his_Dog" title="Blind Beggar and his Dog">Blind Beggar and his Dog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horse_and_Rider_(Frink)" title="Horse and Rider (Frink)">Horse and Rider</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paternoster_(sculpture)" title="Paternoster (sculpture)">Paternoster</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Barbara Hepworth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Hepworth)" title="Meridian (Hepworth)">Meridian</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Single_Form" title="Single Form">Single Form (Memorial)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Forms_(Divided_Circle)" title="Two Forms (Divided Circle)">Two Forms (Divided Circle)</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winged_Figure" title="Winged Figure">Winged Figure</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Henry Moore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arch_1979%E2%80%931980" title="The Arch 1979–1980">The Arch 1979–1980</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Seated_Woman_1957%E2%80%9358" title="Draped Seated Woman 1957–58">Draped Seated Woman 1957–58</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knife_Edge_Two_Piece_1962%E2%80%9365" title="Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65">Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Figure:_Knife_Edge" title="Standing Figure: Knife Edge">Large Standing Figure (Knife Edge)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locking_Piece" title="Locking Piece">Locking Piece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Standing_Figures_1947" title="Three Standing Figures 1947">Three Standing Figures 1947</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Eduardo Paolozzi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_as_Hephaestus" title="The Artist as Hephaestus">The Artist as Hephaestus</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piscator_(Paolozzi)" title="Piscator (Paolozzi)">Piscator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/The_Line_(art_trail)" title="The Line (art trail)">The Line</a>‡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal <i>Orbit</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_(sculpture)" title="Here (sculpture)">Here</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Cloud" title="Quantum Cloud">Quantum Cloud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Grip" title="Liberty Grip">Liberty Grip</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Slice_of_Reality" title="A Slice of Reality">A Slice of Reality</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Memorial_Fountain" title="Buxton Memorial Fountain">Buxton Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales_Memorial_Fountain" title="Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain">Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fountain,_Bushy_Park" title="Diana Fountain, Bushy Park">Diana Fountain, Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fountain,_Green_Park" title="Diana Fountain, Green Park">Diana Fountain, Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII_Jewish_Memorial_Drinking_Fountain" title="King Edward VII Jewish Memorial Drinking Fountain">Edward VII Jewish Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fawcett_Memorial" title="Henry Fawcett Memorial">Henry Fawcett Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horses_of_Helios" title="The Horses of Helios">The Horses of Helios</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Place_drinking_fountain" title="Guilford Place drinking fountain">Guilford Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Fountain" title="Matilda Fountain">Matilda Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">Poets' Fountain</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readymoney_Drinking_Fountain" title="Readymoney Drinking Fountain">Readymoney Drinking Fountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolving_Torsion" title="Revolving Torsion">Revolving Torsion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_Fountain,_Roehampton" title="Drinking Fountain, Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence_and_Mary_Magdalene_Drinking_Fountain" title="St Lawrence and Mary Magdalene Drinking Fountain">St Lawrence Jewry and St Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial</a> ("<i>Eros</i>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Henry_Somerset_Memorial" title="Lady Henry Somerset Memorial">Lady Henry Somerset Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroness_Burdett_Coutts_Drinking_Fountain" title="Baroness Burdett Coutts Drinking Fountain">Victoria Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_murals" title="Brixton murals">Brixton</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_at_Play" title="Children at Play">Children at Play</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Street_Mural" title="Cable Street Mural">Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Outdoor_Gallery" title="Dulwich Outdoor Gallery">Dulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Old_Kent_Road" title="History of the Old Kent Road">Old Kent Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covid_Memorial_Wall" title="National Covid Memorial Wall">National Covid Memorial Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Rates_Rebellion_Mural" title="Poplar Rates Rebellion Mural">Poplar Rates Rebellion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poured_Lines" title="Poured Lines">Poured Lines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_twin_towns_mural" title="Sutton twin towns mural">Sutton twin towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Heritage_Mosaic" title="Sutton Heritage Mosaic">Sutton Heritage Mosaic</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Banksy" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Banksy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/From_this_moment_despair_ends_and_tactics_begin" title="From this moment despair ends and tactics begin">From this moment despair ends and tactics begin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_with_Balloon" title="Girl with Balloon">Girl with Balloon</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Under_CCTV" title="One Nation Under CCTV">One Nation Under CCTV</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction_(Banksy)" title="Pulp Fiction (Banksy)">Pulp Fiction</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Labour_(mural)" title="Slave Labour (mural)">Slave Labour</a></i>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northala_Fields" title="Northala Fields">Northala Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_on_the_Underground" title="Art on the Underground">Art on the Underground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_on_the_Underground_Tube_map_covers" title="List of Art on the Underground Tube map covers">Tube map covers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Mural_Preservation_Society" title="London Mural Preservation Society">London Mural Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Drinking_Fountain_and_Cattle_Trough_Association" title="Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association">Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_location" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By location</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_City_of_London" title="List of public art in the City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Brent" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="List of public art in the Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Havering" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Islington" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="List of public art in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="List of public art in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Merton" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Newham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="List of public art in the City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Belgravia" title="List of public art in Belgravia">Belgravia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Covent_Garden" title="List of public art in Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Green_Park" title="List of public art in Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Hyde_Park,_London" title="List of public art in Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Kensington" title="List of public art in Kensington">Kensington</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Kensington_Gardens" title="List of public art in Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Knightsbridge" title="List of public art in Knightsbridge">Knightsbridge</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Mayfair" title="List of public art in Mayfair">Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Millbank" title="List of public art in Millbank">Millbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Paddington" title="List of public art in Paddington">Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Pimlico" title="List of public art in Pimlico">Pimlico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_St_James%27s" title="List of public art in St James's">St James's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_St_Marylebone" title="List of public art in St Marylebone">St Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Soho" title="List of public art in Soho">Soho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Strand,_London" title="List of public art in Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Trafalgar_Square_and_the_vicinity" title="List of public art in Trafalgar Square and the vicinity">Trafalgar Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Victoria,_London" title="List of public art in Victoria, London">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_on_the_Victoria_Embankment" title="List of public art on the Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Westminster" title="List of public art in Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Whitehall" title="List of public art in Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Partly in Kensington and Chelsea</span></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Partly in Camden</span></li> <li><sup>3</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Partly in the City of London</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Key</b>: † No longer extant, on public display or in London (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_formerly_in_London" title="List of public art formerly in London">List of public art formerly in London</a>) <b>·</b>  ‡ Changing displays</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_landmarks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_landmarks" title="Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_landmarks" title="Template talk:London landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Buildings and structures in London">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_London" title="Category:Bridges in London">Bridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_London" title="Albert Bridge, London">Albert Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Bridge" title="Battersea Bridge">Battersea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Bridge" title="Blackfriars Bridge">Blackfriars Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Bridge" title="Chelsea Bridge">Chelsea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Bridge" title="Hammersmith Bridge">Hammersmith Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Bridge_and_Golden_Jubilee_Bridges" title="Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges">Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Bridge" title="Lambeth Bridge">Lambeth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge,_London" title="Millennium Bridge, London">Millennium Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Bridge" title="Putney Bridge">Putney Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge,_London" title="Richmond Bridge, London">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Bridge" title="Southwark Bridge">Southwark Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Bridge" title="Vauxhall Bridge">Vauxhall Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bridge" title="Waterloo Bridge">Waterloo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Bridge" title="Westminster Bridge">Westminster Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_venues_in_London" title="Category:Entertainment venues in London">Entertainment<br />venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinemas_in_London" title="Category:Cinemas in London">Cinemas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFI_IMAX" title="BFI IMAX">BFI IMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire, Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Luxe_Leicester_Square" title="Odeon Luxe Leicester Square">Odeon Luxe Leicester Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Football stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> (national stadium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentford_Community_Stadium" title="Brentford Community Stadium">Brentford Community Stadium</a> (Brentford)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Road" title="Brisbane Road">Brisbane Road</a> (Leyton Orient)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Cottage" title="Craven Cottage">Craven Cottage</a> (Fulham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Den" title="The Den">The Den</a> (Millwall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Stadium" title="Emirates Stadium">Emirates Stadium</a> (Arsenal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loftus_Road" title="Loftus Road">Loftus Road</a> (Queens Park Rangers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> (West Ham United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plough_Lane" title="Plough Lane">Plough Lane</a> (AFC Wimbledon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selhurst_Park" title="Selhurst Park">Selhurst Park</a> (Crystal Palace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford_Bridge_(stadium)" title="Stamford Bridge (stadium)">Stamford Bridge</a> (Chelsea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Valley (London)">The Valley</a> (Charlton Athletic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_Stadium" title="Tottenham Hotspur Stadium">Tottenham Hotspur Stadium</a> (Tottenham Hotspur)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_London" title="Category:Sports venues in London">Other major<br />sports venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championship_Course" title="The Championship Course">The Championship Course</a> (rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_National_Sports_Centre" title="Crystal Palace National Sports Centre">Crystal Palace National Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a> (rugby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theatres_in_London" title="Template:Theatres in London">Theatres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphi_Theatre" title="Adelphi Theatre">Adelphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Victoria_Theatre" title="Apollo Victoria Theatre">Apollo Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criterion_Theatre" title="Criterion Theatre">Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">Old Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal_Haymarket" title="Theatre Royal Haymarket">Theatre Royal Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_Theatre" title="Vaudeville Theatre">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Academy" title="Brixton Academy">Brixton Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo" title="Hammersmith Apollo">Hammersmith Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Southwark)" title="City Hall, London (Southwark)">City Hall (Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall (Newham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_(building)" title="Horse Guards (building)">Horse Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_London" title="Mansion House, London">Mansion House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Royal Courts of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIS_Building" title="SIS Building">SIS Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_House" title="Thames House">Thames House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_London" title="Category:Museums in London">Museums</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in London">galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hinde_(1973)" title="Golden Hinde (1973)"><i>Golden Hinde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in London">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Hallows-by-the-Tower" title="All Hallows-by-the-Tower">All Hallows-by-the-Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevis_Marks_Synagogue" title="Bevis Marks Synagogue">Bevis Marks Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Westminster" title="Methodist Central Hall, Westminster">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">Regent's Park Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement_Danes" title="St Clement Danes">St Clement Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary-le-Bow" title="St Mary-le-Bow">St Mary-le-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral" title="Southwark Cathedral">Southwark Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Retailing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shops_in_London" title="Category:Shops in London">Shops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamleys" title="Hamleys">Hamleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)" title="Liberty (department store)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges,_Oxford_Street" title="Selfridges, Oxford Street">Selfridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_centres_in_London" title="Category:Shopping centres in London">Shopping centres</a><br />and markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Cross_Shopping_Centre" title="Brent Cross Shopping Centre">Brent Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Arcade" title="Burlington Arcade">Burlington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Arcade" title="Kensington Arcade">Kensington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_New_Change" title="One New Change">One New Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City" title="Westfield Stratford City">Westfield Stratford City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_buildings_in_London" title="Category:Royal buildings in London">Royal buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Partly occupied by<br />the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Unoccupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery">The Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skyscrapers_in_London" title="Category:Skyscrapers in London">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Churchill_Place" title="One Churchill Place">One Churchill Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Fenchurch_Street" title="20 Fenchurch Street">20 Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122_Leadenhall_Street" title="122 Leadenhall Street">122 Leadenhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgate_Tower" title="Broadgate Tower">Broadgate Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre_(London)" title="Citigroup Centre (London)">Citigroup Centre (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gherkin" title="The Gherkin">The Gherkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Tower" title="Heron Tower">Heron Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_Wharf_Tower" title="St George Wharf Tower">St George Wharf Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_42" title="Tower 42">Tower 42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Wall" title="London Wall">London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">Monument to the Great Fire of London</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nelson's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">City Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_station" title="Blackfriars station">Blackfriars station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_station" title="Cannon Street station">Cannon Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">Charing Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">Euston station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street_railway_station" title="Fenchurch Street railway station">Fenchurch Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_station" title="Stratford station">Stratford station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">Victoria station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cable_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cable Car">London Cable Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coach_Station" title="Victoria Coach Station">Victoria Coach Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Estate" title="Barbican Estate">Barbican Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Power_Station" title="Battersea Power Station">Battersea Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_building" title="Lloyd's building">Lloyd's building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_Tower" title="Oxo Tower">Oxo Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithfield Market">Smithfield Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital">St Bartholomew's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Parks_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Parks of London">Royal Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park" title="Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Park" title="Hampton Court Park">Hampton Court Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Park" title="Burgess Park">Burgess Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Green,_London" title="College Green, London">College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Common" title="Mitcham Common">Mitcham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Park" title="Trent Park">Trent Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Common" title="Wandsworth Common">Wandsworth Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Common" title="Wimbledon Common">Wimbledon Common</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Squares_in_London" title="Squares in London">Squares</a> and<br />public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_Parade" title="Horse Guards Parade">Horse Guards Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Square" title="Sloane Square">Sloane Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_London" title="Category:Streets in London">Streets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych" title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street" title="Baker Street">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street" title="Bond Street">Bond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornhill,_London" title="Cornhill, London">Cornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Street" title="Denmark Street">Denmark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street" title="Fenchurch Street">Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_London" title="Haymarket, London">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street" title="Jermyn Street">Jermyn Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Avenue,_Hounslow" title="Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow">Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue" title="Shaftesbury Avenue">Shaftesbury Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Street" title="Sloane Street">Sloane Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Court_Road" title="Tottenham Court Road">Tottenham Court Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Embankment" title="Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edwin_Landseer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edwin_Landseer" title="Template:Edwin Landseer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edwin_Landseer" title="Template talk:Edwin Landseer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edwin_Landseer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edwin Landseer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edwin_Landseer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Landseer" title="Edwin Landseer">Edwin Landseer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Distinguished_Member_of_the_Humane_Society" title="A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society">A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society</a></i> (1831)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laying_Down_the_Law" title="Laying Down the Law">Laying Down the Law</a></i> (1840)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Favourite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert" title="A Favourite Greyhound of Prince Albert">A Favourite Greyhound of Prince Albert</a></i> (1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream">Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monarch_of_the_Glen_(painting)" title="The Monarch of the Glen (painting)">The Monarch of the Glen</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doubtful_Crumbs" title="Doubtful Crumbs">Doubtful Crumbs</a></i> (1858–1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Proposes,_God_Disposes" title="Man Proposes, God Disposes">Man Proposes, God Disposes</a></i> (1864)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nelson's Column lions</a> (1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landseer_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Landseer (dog)">Landseer (dog)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Landseer" title="John Landseer">John Landseer</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Landseer" title="Thomas Landseer">Thomas Landseer</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Landseer" title="Charles Landseer">Charles Landseer</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Landseer" title="Jessica Landseer">Jessica Landseer</a> (sister)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_and_Alexander#Landseer.27s_Alexander_and_Diogenes" title="Diogenes and Alexander">Alexander and Diogenes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sculpture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sculptures" title="Template:Sculptures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sculptures" title="Template talk:Sculptures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sculptures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sculptures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sculpture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_sculpture" title="Architectural sculpture">Architectural sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas relief">Bas relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">Bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy" title="Effigy">Effigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_sculpture" title="Gas sculpture">Gas sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Earth art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_sculpture" title="Environmental sculpture">Environmental sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">Figurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinetic sculpture">Kinetic sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_(sculpture)" title="Mobile (sculpture)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumental_sculpture" title="Monumental sculpture">Monumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedimental_sculpture" title="Pedimental sculpture">Pedimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">Stele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles of sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_sculpture" title="Baroque sculpture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_sculpture" title="Classical sculpture">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detonography" title="Detonography">Detonography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_sculpture" title="Jain sculpture">Jain sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_sculpture" title="Renaissance sculpture">Renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements in sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_space" title="Negative space">Negative space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_sculpture" title="Marble sculpture">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sculpture" title="Ice sculpture">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesmonite" title="Jesmonite">Jesmonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrylic glass">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">Fiberglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabric">Fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a> (c. 2558–2532 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel temples</a> (c. 1264 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> (438 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes" title="Colossus of Rhodes">Colossus of Rhodes</a> (c. 292 BCE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace" title="Winged Victory of Samothrace">Winged Victory of Samothrace</a></i> (c. 2nd century BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> (246–210 BCE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_His_Sons" title="Laocoön and His Sons">Laocoön and His Sons</a></i> (c. 200 BCE – 70 CE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_de_Milo" title="Venus de Milo">Venus de Milo</a></i> (130–100 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius">Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius</a> (175 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a> (507–554 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral#Portals" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartes Cathedral</a> (c. 1194–1250 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a> (1250 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">Moai</a>, Easter Islands (1250–1500 CE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i> (1498–1499)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></i> (1501–1504)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veiled_Christ" title="Veiled Christ">Veiled Christ</a></i> (1753)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamagaya_Great_Buddha" title="Kamagaya Great Buddha">Kamagaya Great Buddha</a> (1776)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nelson's Column</a> (1843)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Belfort" title="Lion of Belfort">Lion of Belfort</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kiss_(Rodin_sculpture)" title="The Kiss (Rodin sculpture)">The Kiss</a></i> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty"><i>Liberty Enlightening the World</i>, Statue of Liberty</a> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gates_of_Hell" title="The Gates of Hell">The Gates of Hell</a></i> (1890–1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thinker" title="The Thinker">The Thinker</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne%27s_tomb" title="Jules Verne's tomb">Jules Verne's tomb</a> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln_Memorial)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial)">Abraham Lincoln</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore <i>Shrine of Democracy</i></a> (1927–1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)" title="Christ the Redeemer (statue)">Christ the Redeemer</a></i> (1927–1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls" title="The Motherland Calls">The Motherland Calls</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Ukraine" title="Mother Ukraine">Mother Ukraine</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Genghis_Khan" title="Equestrian statue of Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Unity" title="Statue of Unity">Statue of Unity</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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