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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Research and achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean Baptiste Perrin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جن بيرين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جن بيرين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Batist_Perren" title="Jan Batist Perren – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jan Batist Perren" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژان باتیست پرن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژان باتیست پرن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81" title="জঁ-বাতিস্ত পেরাঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জঁ-বাতিস্ত পেরাঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Жан Батыст Перэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жан Батыст Перэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Жан Пэрын – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жан Пэрын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Батист Перен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан Батист Перен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Ζαν Μπατίστ Περέν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν Μπατίστ Περέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژان باتیست پرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان باتیست پرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%AD" title="장 바티스트 페랭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장 바티스트 페랭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ժան Բատիստ Պերրեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժան Բատիստ Պերրեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="जां बाप्टिस्टे पेरिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जां बाप्टिस्टे पेरिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="ז'אן-בטיסט פרן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן-בטיסט פרן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟან ბატისტ პერენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟან ბატისტ პერენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Батист Перрен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жан Батист Перрен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Baptista_Perrin" title="Ioannes Baptista Perrin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Baptista Perrin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDans_Per%C4%93ns" title="Žans Perēns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žans Perēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Батист Перен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жан Батист Перен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ജീൻ ബാപ്റ്റിസ്റ്റ് പെറിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീൻ ബാപ്റ്റിസ്റ്റ് പെറിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ज्याँ बॅप्टिस्ट पेरिन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्याँ बॅप्टिस्ट पेरिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟან ბატისტ პერენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟან ბატისტ პერენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جن بيرين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جن بيرين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژان باتیست پرن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژان باتیست پرن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जां ब्याप्टिस्टे पेरिन् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जां ब्याप्टिस्टे पेरिन्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="ジャン・ペラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン・ペラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%92_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86" title="یان باپٹسٹے پیرن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یان باپٹسٹے پیرن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Перрен, Жан Батист – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перрен, Жан Батист" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="जां बाप्टिस्टे पेरिन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जां बाप्टिस्टे पेरिन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جان باپتیست پێرین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جان باپتیست پێرین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Батист Перен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жан Батист Перен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சான் பத்தீட்டு பெரென் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான் பத்தீட்டு பெரென்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%A3" title="Жаң-Баптист Перең – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жаң-Баптист Перең" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జీన్ పెరిన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీన్ పెరిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ฌ็อง แปแร็ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฌ็อง แปแร็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean Perrin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Батист Перрен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жан Батист Перрен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جین باپٹسٹ پیرین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جین باپٹسٹ پیرین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%85%B0" title="让·佩兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="让·佩兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jean Baptiste Perrin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%85%B0" title="让·佩兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="让·佩兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134085#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the tutor and educational author, see <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin_(fl._1786)" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin (fl. 1786)">Jean Baptiste Perrin (fl. 1786)</a>. For the Swiss composer, see <a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin_(composer)" title="Jean Perrin (composer)">Jean Perrin (composer)</a>. For the IT entrepreneur, see <a href="/wiki/Jean_Georges_Perrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Georges Perrin">Jean Georges Perrin</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jean Baptiste Perrin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/220px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/330px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/440px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Perrin in 1926</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1870-09-30</span>)</span>30 September 1870<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 April 1942<span style="display:none">(1942-04-17)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Nature of <a href="/wiki/Cathode_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathode rays">cathode rays</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Avogadro_constant" title="Avogadro constant">Avogadro constant</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sedimentation_equilibrium" title="Sedimentation equilibrium">Sedimentation equilibrium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Perrin_friction_factors" title="Perrin friction factors">Perrin friction factors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Perrin_(physicist)" title="Francis Perrin (physicist)">Francis Perrin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matteucci_Medal" title="Matteucci Medal">Matteucci Medal</a> <small>(1911)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> <small>(1918)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> <small>(1926)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg/150px-Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg/225px-Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg/300px-Jean_Baptiste_Perrin-signature-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="145" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean Baptiste Perrin</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Member_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Member of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (30 September 1870 – 17 April 1942) was a French physicist who, in his studies of the <a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a> of minute particles suspended in liquids (<a href="/wiki/Sedimentation_equilibrium" title="Sedimentation equilibrium">sedimentation equilibrium</a>), verified <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>'s explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a>. For this achievement he was honoured with the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, Perrin attended the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a>, the elite <a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grande école</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. He became an assistant at the school during the period of 1894–97 when he began the study of <a href="/wiki/Cathode_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathode rays">cathode rays</a> and <a href="/wiki/X-rays" class="mw-redirect" title="X-rays">X-rays</a>. He was awarded the degree of <i>docteur ès sciences</i> (beyond PhD) in 1897. In the same year he was appointed as a lecturer in <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">physical chemistry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. He became a professor at the University in 1910, holding this post until the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_France_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of France during World War II">German occupation of France during World War II</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_(cropped,_b%26w).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_%28cropped%2C_b%26w%29.jpg/149px-Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_%28cropped%2C_b%26w%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_%28cropped%2C_b%26w%29.jpg/224px-Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_%28cropped%2C_b%26w%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_%28cropped%2C_b%26w%29.jpg/299px-Jean_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne_et_Jean_Perrin_en_1931_%28cropped%2C_b%26w%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3791" data-file-height="5270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Cantacuzino" title="Ioan Cantacuzino">Ioan Cantacuzino</a> (left) with Perrin in 1931</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_achievements">Research and achievements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg/235px-Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg/353px-Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg/470px-Jean_Perrin_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Jean Perrin in 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1895, Perrin showed that cathode rays were of negative electric charge in nature. He determined the <a href="/wiki/Avogadro_constant" title="Avogadro constant">Avogadro constant</a> by several methods. He explained <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> as due to the <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermonuclear">thermonuclear</a> reactions of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>. </p><p>In 1901 he proposed a hypothesis that each atom might have a positively charged <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">nucleus</a>, similarly to <a href="/wiki/Hantaro_Nagaoka" title="Hantaro Nagaoka">Hantaro Nagaoka</a> later, but never developed it further.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came to be known the <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_model" title="Rutherford model">Rutherford model</a>. </p><p>By mid 1900s, Perrin was interested in statistical mechanics questions, which are close to the study of <a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genthon2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genthon2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>'s publication (1905) of a theoretical explanation of Brownian motion in terms of <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a>, Perrin (along with Joseph Ulysses Chaudesaigues who was working in Perrin's lab) did the experimental work to test and verify Einstein's predictions, thereby providing data that would settle the century-long dispute about <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a>, before the end of the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Genthon2020_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genthon2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benedicks" title="Carl Benedicks">Carl Benedicks</a> argued Perrin should receive the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>; Perrin received the award in 1926 for this and other work on the discontinuous structure of matter, which put a definite end to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_molecule" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the molecule">long struggle</a> regarding the question of the physical reality of molecules.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perrin was the author of a number of books and dissertations. Most notable of his publications were: "Rayons cathodiques et rayons X"; "Les Principes"; "Electrisation de contact"; "Réalité moléculaire"; "Matière et Lumière"; "Lumière et Reaction chimique". </p><p>Perrin was also the recipient of numerous prestigious awards including the Joule Prize of the Royal Society in 1896 and the La Caze Prize of the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a>. He was twice appointed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Solvay_Conference" title="Solvay Conference">Solvay Committee</a> at Brussels in 1911 and in 1921. He also held memberships with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London and with the Academies of Sciences of Belgium, Sweden, Turin, Prague, Romania and China. He became a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> in 1926 and was made Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_L%C3%A9opold" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Léopold">Order of Léopold</a> (Belgium). </p><p>In 1919, Perrin proposed that <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction">nuclear reactions</a> can provide the source of energy in stars. He realized that the mass of a helium atom is less than that of four atoms of hydrogen, and that the <a href="/wiki/Mass-energy_equivalence" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass-energy equivalence">mass-energy equivalence</a> of Einstein implies that the nuclear fusion (4 H → He) could liberate sufficient energy to make stars shine for billions of years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar theory was first proposed by American chemist <a href="/wiki/William_Draper_Harkins" title="William Draper Harkins">William Draper Harkins</a> in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained for <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker">Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker</a> to determine the detailed mechanism of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">stellar nucleosynthesis</a> during the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_biologie_physico-chimique" title="Institut de biologie physico-chimique">Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique</a> together with chemist André Job and physiologist André Mayer. Funding was provided by <a href="/wiki/Edmond_James_de_Rothschild" title="Edmond James de Rothschild">Edmond James de Rothschild</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeitoun1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeitoun1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, Perrin established the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_D%C3%A9couverte" title="Palais de la Découverte">Palais de la Découverte</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Science_museum" title="Science museum">science museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p><p>Perrin is considered the founding father of the National Centre for Scientific Research (<a href="/wiki/Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</a> (CNRS)). Following a petition by Perrin signed by over 80 scientists, among them eight Nobel Prize laureates, the French education minister set up the Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche Scientifique (French National Research Council) in April 1933. In 1936, Perrin, now an undersecretary for research, founded the Service Central de la Recherche Scientifique (French Central Agency for Scientific Research).<sup id="cite_ref-Zeitoun1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeitoun1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both institutions were merged under the CNRS umbrella on October 19, 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Guthleben1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthleben1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1918_J_Perrin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1918_J_Perrin.jpg/220px-1918_J_Perrin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1918_J_Perrin.jpg/330px-1918_J_Perrin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1918_J_Perrin.jpg/440px-1918_J_Perrin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1659" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome</a> portrait by <a href="/wiki/The_Archives_of_the_Planet" title="The Archives of the Planet">Auguste Léon</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>His notable students include <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victor_Auger" title="Pierre Victor Auger">Pierre Victor Auger</a>. Jean Perrin was the father of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Perrin_(physicist)" title="Francis Perrin (physicist)">Francis Perrin</a>, also a physicist.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perrin was an atheist and a socialist.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an officer in the engineer corps during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>After the death of Perrin's wife Henriette in 1938, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Choucroun" title="Nine Choucroun">Nine Choucroun</a> (1896–1978), founder of the <i><a href="/wiki/Nine_Choucroun#Nine_Choucroun_Prize" title="Nine Choucroun">Nine Choucroun Prize</a></i>, became Perrin's partner. In June 1940, when the Germans invaded France, Choucroun and Perrin escaped to <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> <i>Massilia</i>, with part of the French government. In December 1941, they boarded the <i>SS Excambion</i> to New York City, arriving on December 23.<sup id="cite_ref-Diane_Dosso_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diane_Dosso-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perrin died at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Manhattan)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)">Mount Sinai Hospital</a> in New York on 17 April 1942 at the age of 71. </p><p>After the War, in 1948, his remains were transported back to France by the cruiser <i>Jeanne d'Arc</i> and buried in the <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perrin,_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes,_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Perrin%2C_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes%2C_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg/220px-Perrin%2C_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes%2C_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Perrin%2C_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes%2C_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg/330px-Perrin%2C_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes%2C_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Perrin%2C_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes%2C_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg/440px-Perrin%2C_Jean_%E2%80%93_Atomes%2C_1913_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6564725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><i>Atomes</i>, 1913</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><i>Les Principes. Exposé de thermodynamique</i> (1901) / <i>Principles of thermodynamics</i></li> <li><i>Traité de chimie physique. Les principes</i> (1903) / <i>Physical chemistry principles</i></li> <li><i>Les Preuves de la réalité moléculaire</i> (1911) / <i>Evidences of molecular reality</i></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6564725"><i>Atomes</i></a> (in French). Paris: Alcan. 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atomes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Alcan&rft.date=1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D6564725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Les Atomes</i> (1913) / <i>The Atoms</i></li> <li><i>Matière et lumière</i> (1919) / <i>Matter and light</i></li> <li><i>En l'honneur de Madame Pierre Curie et de la découverte du Radium</i> (1922) / <i>In honor of Mrs Pierre Curie and the discovery of Radium</i></li> <li><i>Les Éléments de la physique</i> (1929) / <i>Elements of physics</i></li> <li><i>L'Orientation actuelle des sciences</i> (1930) / <i>Current orientation of sciences</i></li> <li><i>Les Formes chimiques de transition</i> (1931) / <i>Transition chemical forms</i></li> <li><i>La Recherche scientifique</i> (1933) / <i>Scientific research</i></li> <li><i>Cours de chimie. 1ère partie. Chimie générale et métalloïdes</i> (1935) / <i>Chemistry courses: general chemistry and metalloids</i></li> <li><i>Grains de matière et grains de lumière</i> (1935) / <i>Grains of matter and grains of light</i> <ul><li><i>Existence des grains</i> / <i>Existence of grains</i></li> <li><i>Structure des atomes</i> / <i>Structure of atoms</i></li> <li><i>Noyaux des atomes</i> / <i>Kernels of atoms</i></li> <li><i>Transmutations provoquées</i> / <i>Induced transmutations</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Paul Painlevé: l'homme</i> (1936) / <i>Paul Painlevé: the man</i></li> <li><i>L'Organisation de la recherche scientifique en France</i> (1938) / <i>The organisation of scientific research in France</i></li> <li><i>À la surface des choses</i> (1940–1941) / <i>At the surface of things</i> <ul><li><i>Masse et gravitation</i> (1940) / <i>Mass and gravitation</i></li> <li><i>Lumière</i> (1940) / <i>Light</i></li> <li><i>Espace et temps</i> (1940) / <i>Space and time</i></li> <li><i>Forces et travail</i> (1940) / <i>Forces and work</i></li> <li><i>Relativité</i> (1941) / <i>Relativity</i></li> <li><i>Électricité</i> (1941) / <i>Electricity</i></li> <li><i>L'énergie</i> (1941) / <i>Energy</i></li> <li><i>Évolution</i> (1941) / <i>Evolution</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>L'Âme de la France éternelle</i> (1942) / <i>The soul of eternal France</i></li> <li><i>Pour la Libération</i> (1942) / <i>For Liberation</i></li> <li><i>La Science et l'Espérance</i> (1948) / <i>Science and hope</i></li> <li><i>Oeuvres scientifiques de Jean Perrin</i> (1950) / <i>Scientific works of Jean Perrin</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend1943" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Sealy_Townsend" title="John Sealy Townsend">Townsend, J. S.</a> (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1943.0004">"Jean Baptiste Perrin. 1870-1942"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Obituary_Notices_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society">Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>4</b> (12): 301–326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1943.0004">10.1098/rsbm.1943.0004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123521634">123521634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Jean+Baptiste+Perrin.+1870-1942&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=301-326&rft.date=1943&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1943.0004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A123521634%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.1943.0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1926/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skulls+in+the+Stars&rft.atitle=Who+first+suggested+the+nuclear+atom%3F&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft.aulast=Gbur&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskullsinthestars.com%2F2009%2F04%2F28%2Fwho-first-suggested-the-nuclear-atom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genthon2020-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genthon2020_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genthon2020_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenthon2020" class="citation journal cs1">Genthon, Arthur (2020). "The concept of velocity in the history of Brownian motion". <i>Eur. Phys. J. H</i>. <b>45</b>: 49–105. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.05399">2006.05399</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1140%2Fepjh%2Fe2020-10009-8">10.1140/epjh/e2020-10009-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eur.+Phys.+J.+H&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+velocity+in+the+history+of+Brownian+motion&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=49-105&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2006.05399&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1140%2Fepjh%2Fe2020-10009-8&rft.aulast=Genthon&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Chaudesaigues1908" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">M. Chaudesaigues (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k31014/f1044.item">"Le mouvement Brownien et la formule d'Einstein"</a>. <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences</i> (in French). <b>147</b>: 1044–1046.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comptes+rendus+hebdomadaires+des+s%C3%A9ances+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+sciences&rft.atitle=Le+mouvement+Brownien+et+la+formule+d%27Einstein&rft.volume=147&rft.pages=1044-1046&rft.date=1908&rft.au=M.+Chaudesaigues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k31014%2Ff1044.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Perrin1909" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean Perrin (1909). <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Mouvement_brownien_et_r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9_mol%C3%A9culaire">"Le Mouvement Brownien et la Réalité Moleculaire"</a>. <i>Annales de chimie et de physique</i> (in French). 18 (8è série): 5–114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+chimie+et+de+physique&rft.atitle=Le+Mouvement+Brownien+et+la+R%C3%A9alit%C3%A9+Moleculaire&rft.volume=18+%288%C3%A8+s%C3%A9rie%29&rft.pages=5-114&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Jean+Perrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FMouvement_brownien_et_r%25C3%25A9alit%25C3%25A9_mol%25C3%25A9culaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauro_Dardo2004" class="citation book cs1">Mauro Dardo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UQ3_ZwdrUUwC&q=Carl+Benedicks&pg=PA144"><i>Nobel Laureates and Twentieth-Century Physics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 114–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54008-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54008-9"><bdi>0-521-54008-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureates+and+Twentieth-Century+Physics&rft.pages=114-116&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-54008-9&rft.au=Mauro+Dardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUQ3_ZwdrUUwC%26q%3DCarl%2BBenedicks%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203024638/http://www.astronomyhouston.org/sites/default/files/guidestar/2012October.pdf">Why the Stars Shine</a> D.Selle, Guidestar (Houston Astronomical Society), October 2012, pp. 6–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN.C.Panda1991" class="citation book cs1">N.C.Panda (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DoSXEGCeBmoC&q=harkins+fusion+four+years&pg=PA173"><i>Māyā in Physics</i></a>. 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National Academy of Sciences: 48–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs&rft.atitle=William+Draper+Harkins+1873%E2%80%931951&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=48-81&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Robert+S.+Mulliken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fharkins-william-d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qq8Luhs7rTUC&dq=Jean+Perrin+thermonuclear&pg=PA545">John North, <i>Cosmos: An Illustrated History of Astronomy and Cosmology</i></a> (University of Chicago Press, p. 545)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zeitoun1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zeitoun1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zeitoun1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitoun2009" class="citation web cs1">Zeitoun, Charline (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/journal/4468.htm">"Le CNRS a 70 ans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a> le journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNRS+le+journal&rft.atitle=Le+CNRS+a+70+ans&rft.date=2009-09&rft.aulast=Zeitoun&rft.aufirst=Charline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.cnrs.fr%2Fpresse%2Fjournal%2F4468.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guthleben1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guthleben1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthleben2010" class="citation web cs1">Guthleben, Denis (November 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/ComiHistoCNRS/spip.php?article2">"Un peu d'histoire... La création du CNRS"</a>. <i>Comité pour l'histoire du <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comit%C3%A9+pour+l%27histoire+du+CNRS&rft.atitle=Un+peu+d%27histoire...+La+cr%C3%A9ation+du+CNRS&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.aulast=Guthleben&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2FComiHistoCNRS%2Fspip.php%3Farticle2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcel_Froissart" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marcel Froissart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007002428/http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/ins_dis/francis_perrin.htm">"Professeurs disparus: Hommage à Francis Perrin"</a>. <i>Collège de France</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/ins_dis/francis_perrin.htm">the original</a> on 2011-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>. <q>Fils de Jean PERRIN, Prix Nobel de Physique en 1926.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France&rft.atitle=Professeurs+disparus%3A+Hommage+%C3%A0+Francis+Perrin&rft.au=Marcel+Froissart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.college-de-france.fr%2Fdefault%2FEN%2Fall%2Fins_dis%2Ffrancis_perrin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_ValeurJean-Claude_Brochon2001" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Valeur; Jean-Claude Brochon (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newtrendsfluores00vale"><i>New Trends in Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Applications to Chemical and Life Sciences</i></a></span>. Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newtrendsfluores00vale/page/n38">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-67779-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-67779-6"><bdi>978-3-540-67779-6</bdi></a>. <q>Jean and Francis Perrin held similar political and philosophical ideas. Both were socialists and atheists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Trends+in+Fluorescence+Spectroscopy%3A+Applications+to+Chemical+and+Life+Sciences&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-540-67779-6&rft.au=Bernard+Valeur&rft.au=Jean-Claude+Brochon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewtrendsfluores00vale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNye1975" class="citation journal cs1">Nye, Mary Jo (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/286009">"Science and Socialism: The Case of Jean Perrin in the Third Republic"</a>. <i>French Historical Studies</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 141–169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F286009">10.2307/286009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-1071">0016-1071</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/286009">286009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Science+and+Socialism%3A+The+Case+of+Jean+Perrin+in+the+Third+Republic&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=141-169&rft.date=1975&rft.issn=0016-1071&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F286009%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F286009&rft.aulast=Nye&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F286009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Baptiste+Perrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diane_Dosso-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diane_Dosso_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diane Dosso, " Le plan de sauvetage des scientifiques français, New York, 1940–1942 ", <i>Revue de synthèse</i>, Vol. 127, Nr. 2, octobre 2006, pp. 429–451 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean_Perrin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jean Perrin">Jean Perrin</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/32">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134085#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%20Baptiste%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Perrin%2C%20J%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jean%20Baptiste%20Perrin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jean%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22J%2E%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jean%20Perrin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jean%20Baptiste%20Perrin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jean%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20Baptiste%20Perrin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%20Baptiste%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Perrin%2C%20J%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Perrin%2C%20J%2E%20Baptiste%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jean%20Perrin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jean%20Baptiste%20Perrin%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jean%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20title%3A%22J%2E%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jean%20Perrin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jean%20Baptiste%20Perrin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jean%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22J%2E%20B%2E%20Perrin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%20Baptiste%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%20B%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jean%20Perrin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Perrin%2C%20Jean%22%29%20OR%20%28%221870-1942%22%20AND%20Perrin%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Jean Baptiste Perrin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videotheque.cnrs.fr/doc=2080">Mouvement brownien et molécules, by Jean Perrin, 1923</a> on Vidéothèque du CNRS (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videotheque.cnrs.fr/doc=1250">Jean Perrin et la réalité moléculaire</a> on Vidéothèque du CNRS (French)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physics">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1931</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1934</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Goeppert Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson" title="Philip W. Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)" title="Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a> (Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Johannes Fibiger</a> (Denmark)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1921_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1921 Nobel Prize winners">1921</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1922_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1922 Nobel Prize winners">1922</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1923_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1923 Nobel Prize winners">1923</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1924_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1924 Nobel Prize winners">1924</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1925_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1925 Nobel Prize winners">1925</a></dd> <dd><b>1926 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1927_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1927 Nobel Prize winners">1927</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1928 Nobel Prize winners">1928</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1929_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1929 Nobel Prize winners">1929</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1930_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1930 Nobel Prize winners">1930</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1931_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1931 Nobel Prize winners">1931</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134085#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134085#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134085#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118790412">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87103919">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12174393p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12174393p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00652475">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Perrin, Jean <1870-1942>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV010539">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35090343">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0001077&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX965619">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069162557">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90601199">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000128337&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000181842">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=241333">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/x8602nh5vdlnt98g">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810561062105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/227733">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007271546505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/20913421">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02081670?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=290035">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:perrin.jean">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/330434">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/823726">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118790412.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118790412">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030298857">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v420jw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&oldid=1248023032">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&oldid=1248023032</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1870_births" title="Category:1870 births">1870 births</a></li><li><a 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