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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Law enforcement in Kazakhstan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Law+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan%22">"Law enforcement in Kazakhstan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Law+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Law+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Law+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Law+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Law+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Police of Kazakhstan</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg/220px-Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg/330px-Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg/440px-Logo_MVD_KZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">June 23, 1992<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1992-06-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Government of Kazakhstan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Erlan_Turgymbaev" title="Erlan Turgymbaev">Erlan Turgymbaev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_police" title="Chief of police">Chief of police</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Kazakhstan)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Kazakhstan)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://mvd.gov.kz">https://mvd.gov.kz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91._%D0%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3723" data-file-height="2477" /></a><figcaption>Chief of the Department of Internal Affairs of the <a href="/wiki/North_Kazakhstan_Region" title="North Kazakhstan Region">North Kazakhstan region</a>, Police <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major General</a> Berik Bilyalov.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Law enforcement in Kazakhstan</b> is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> police (<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>: <span lang="kk">Қазақстан полициясы</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kazakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Kazakh">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Kazakh-language romanization"><i lang="kk-Latn">Qazaqstan polisiasy</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="kk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">[qɑzɑqsˈtʰɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>pɐˈlʲit͡sɨjəsɯ]</a></span>) and law courts, largely unchanged from the era of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> control,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is shared between the country's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_(Kazakhstan)" title="National Security Committee (Kazakhstan)">National Security Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Kazakhstan)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Kazakhstan)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General%27s_Office_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prosecutor General's Office of Kazakhstan">Office of the Procurator General</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The police force itself comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, whereas the National Security Committee and the Procurator General's office are responsibly for intelligence gathering and investigation respectively. From 1992 Kazakhstan became a member of <a href="/wiki/INTERPOL" class="mw-redirect" title="INTERPOL">INTERPOL</a>. Its law enforcement agencies are closely tied with those of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>. </p><p>The court system in Kazakhstan operates at three levels, local, province, and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan">supreme court</a>, and operates under a system of guaranteed legal representation (similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_allegations">Human rights allegations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Human rights allegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The website of the US Embassy in Kazakhstan notes that in 2004-2005 the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kazakhstan" title="Human rights in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan government's human-rights record</a> "remained poor," and "the Government continued to commit numerous abuses."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observer group <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> ranks this former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> state with a 6 in Political Rights and a 5 in Civil Liberties (scale of 1-7; 1 is the highest), denoting it as "Not Free." Political expression was reported to be restricted in Kazakhstan in the months leading up to presidential elections in December, according to observers, including <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CIA world fact book cites that out of 76,000 prisoners interred in Kazakhstan prisons, 1,300 died of tuberculosis in 1995, and the prisons themselves suffer from overcrowding and staff shortages.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000s, the authorities made a conscious effort to reduce prison population, and achieved a significant decline of prisoners and those held in pre-trial detention.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the government funding for the prison system is still seen to be inadequate, prison conditions have improved, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acca.media/en/kazakhstan-two-colonies-will-be-liquidated-in-the-country-by-the-end-of-the-year/">several outdated penitentiaries have been closed</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime_rates">Crime rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crime rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazakhstan has suffered from growing crime rates in the 1990s, with a rate of 50 crimes per 10,000 population being cited, most commonly <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narcotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcotics">narcotics</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> in particular, it was estimated that there are 1,380 km<sup>2</sup> of cannabis plantation).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2018 International Crime Victims Survey showed low crime rates in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The police are also reportedly underfunded.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the ministry of Interior reported the number of Policemen to be 424 policemen per 100,000 citizens, with an average salary of 300 US dollars,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which puts the total number at approximately 80,000 policemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-6693-2_5"><i>Trochev A., Slade G. (2019) Trials and Tribulations: Kazakhstan's Criminal Justice Reforms. In: Caron JF. (eds) Kazakhstan and the Soviet Legacy. Palgrave Macmillan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-6693-2_5">10.1007/978-981-13-6693-2_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811366932" title="Special:BookSources/9789811366932"><bdi>9789811366932</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159320888">159320888</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trochev+A.%2C+Slade+G.+%282019%29+Trials+and+Tribulations%3A+Kazakhstan%27s+Criminal+Justice+Reforms.+In%3A+Caron+JF.+%28eds%29+Kazakhstan+and+the+Soviet+Legacy.+Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159320888%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-6693-2_5&rft.isbn=9789811366932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-6693-2_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usembassy.kz/documents/support-hrr-kaz-en.html">"Supporting Human Rights and Democracy, Kazakhstan"</a>. <i>Usembassy.kz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Usembassy.kz&rft.atitle=Supporting+Human+Rights+and+Democracy%2C+Kazakhstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usembassy.kz%2Fdocuments%2Fsupport-hrr-kaz-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/media/pressrel/111405.htm">"Freedom House"</a>. <i>freedomhouse.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Freedom+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Fmedia%2Fpressrel%2F111405.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Report of the <i>USA CIA World Fact Books</i>, the United Nations Statistical Office</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-6693-2_5"><i>Trochev A., Slade G. (2019) Trials and Tribulations: Kazakhstan's Criminal Justice Reforms. In: Caron JF. (eds) Kazakhstan and the Soviet Legacy. Palgrave Macmillan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-6693-2_5">10.1007/978-981-13-6693-2_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811366932" title="Special:BookSources/9789811366932"><bdi>9789811366932</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159320888">159320888</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trochev+A.%2C+Slade+G.+%282019%29+Trials+and+Tribulations%3A+Kazakhstan%27s+Criminal+Justice+Reforms.+In%3A+Caron+JF.+%28eds%29+Kazakhstan+and+the+Soviet+Legacy.+Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159320888%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-6693-2_5&rft.isbn=9789811366932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-6693-2_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340004372">"Dijk, Jan & Van Kesteren, John & Trochev, Alexei & Slade, Gavin. (2018). Criminal Victimization in Kazakhstan"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dijk%2C+Jan+%26+Van+Kesteren%2C+John+%26+Trochev%2C+Alexei+%26+Slade%2C+Gavin.+%282018%29.+Criminal+Victimization+in+Kazakhstan.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F340004372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-cuts-police-numbers-turns-to-public-for-help">"Kazakhstan cuts police numbers, turns to public for help | Eurasianet"</a>. <i>Eurasianet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_enforcement_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_enforcement_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Law enforcement in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Afghanistan" title="Law enforcement in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bangladesh" title="Law enforcement in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bhutan" title="Law enforcement in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cambodia" title="Law enforcement in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Indonesia" title="Law enforcement in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Iraq" title="Law enforcement in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Jordan" title="Law enforcement in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_North_Korea" title="Law enforcement in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_South_Korea" title="Law enforcement in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Law enforcement in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malaysia" title="Law enforcement in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Maldives" title="Law enforcement in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mongolia" title="Law enforcement in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Nepal" title="Law enforcement in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Qatar" title="Law enforcement in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Singapore" title="Law enforcement in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Law enforcement in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Syria" title="Law enforcement in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tajikistan" title="Law enforcement in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkmenistan" title="Law enforcement in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Law enforcement in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Uzbekistan" title="Law enforcement in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Vietnam" title="Law enforcement in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Yemen" title="Law enforcement in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Abkhazia" title="Law enforcement in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Law enforcement in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Taiwan" title="Law enforcement in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_enforcement_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_enforcement_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Europe">Law enforcement in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Albania" title="Law enforcement in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Austria" title="Law enforcement in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Belarus" title="Law enforcement in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Belgium" title="Law enforcement in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bulgaria" title="Law enforcement in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Law enforcement in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Denmark" title="Law enforcement in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Finland" title="Law enforcement in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France" title="Law enforcement in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Germany" title="Law enforcement in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hungary" title="Law enforcement in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law enforcement in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Latvia" title="Law enforcement in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Poland" title="Law enforcement in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Portugal" title="Law enforcement in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_San_Marino" title="Law enforcement in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovakia" title="Law enforcement in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Spain" title="Law enforcement in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden" title="Law enforcement in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Abkhazia" title="Law enforcement in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Law enforcement in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Transnistria" title="Law enforcement in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_%C3%85land" title="Law enforcement in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Law enforcement in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Jersey" title="Law enforcement in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan&oldid=1256123303">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan&oldid=1256123303</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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