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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pengenalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengenalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pengenalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengenalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kumpulan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kumpulan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kumpulan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kumpulan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kumpulan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kumpulan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nombor_kumpulan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nombor_kumpulan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nombor kumpulan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nombor_kumpulan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jadual_berkala_piawaian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jadual_berkala_piawaian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jadual berkala piawaian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jadual_berkala_piawaian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaedah_lain_memaparkan_unsur_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaedah_lain_memaparkan_unsur_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kaedah lain memaparkan unsur kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaedah_lain_memaparkan_unsur_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penjelasan_mengenai_jadual_berkala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penjelasan_mengenai_jadual_berkala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Penjelasan mengenai jadual berkala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penjelasan_mengenai_jadual_berkala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sumber lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jadual berkala</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 202 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periodieke tabel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD_%E1%88%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%A5" title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h" title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الجدول الدوري – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos" title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodic%C3%A3-a_elements%C3%A3lor" title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabla periódica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%E1%BB%B9i_k%C3%ADmiko_rechaukaha" title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_elementl%C9%99rin_d%C3%B6vri_sistemi" title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Tabél périodik – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabél périodik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="পর্যায় সারণি – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় সারণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu-k%C3%AE-pi%C3%A1u" title="Chiu-kî-piáu – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiu-kî-piáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodikong_tableta" title="Peryodikong tableta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peryodikong tableta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodnsystem" title="Periodnsystem – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Periodnsystem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9" title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Периодична система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үелхэ системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үелхэ системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Taula periòdica – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko" title="Talaang peryodiko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talaang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Periodická tabulka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapotera_cheNhangande_Dzakadevana" title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica" title="Tavola periodica – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_cyfnodol" title="Tabl cyfnodol – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periodiske system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طابلو دوري – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طابلو دوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala%C5%A1_tabealla" title="Periodalaš tabealla – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Periodalaš tabealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA" title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla periódica de los elementos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo" title="Perioda tabelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabra_peri%C3%BAdica_e_los_elementus" title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa" title="Taula periodikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جدول تناوبی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin" title="Skeiðbundna skipanin – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skeiðbundna skipanin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tableau périodique des éléments" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_de_eleminten" title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche" title="Tabele periodiche – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tabele periodiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach" title="Tábla peiriadach – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tábla peiriadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taabyl_reiltagh_ny_bunstooghyn" title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A0r_pillteach" title="Clàr pillteach – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clàr pillteach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos" title="Táboa periódica dos elementos – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa periódica dos elementos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химе элементий мура система – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Химе элементий мура система" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metha_Njokereri" title="Metha Njokereri – Kikuya" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Metha Njokereri" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-su_ch%C3%BB-kh%C3%AC-p%C3%A9u" title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기율표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sustav_elemenata" title="Periodni sustav elemenata – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Periodni sustav elemenata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo" title="Periodala tabelo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Periodala tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiko_a_lamisaan_dagiti_elemento" title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="পর্যায় সারণী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্যায় সারণী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos" title="Tabella periodic del elementos – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabella periodic del elementos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelle_periodic" title="Tabelle periodic – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tabelle periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Элементты периодон системæ – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Элементты периодон системæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icansi_lezinhlwa" title="Icansi lezinhlwa – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Icansi lezinhlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0" title="Lotukerfið – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lotukerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola periodica degli elementi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הטבלה המחזורית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלה המחזורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_unsur_miturut_lambang" title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablang_periodiku_da_ring_elementu" title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vosen_Beriodek" title="An Vosen Beriodek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Vosen Beriodek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Элементтердин мезгилдик тутуму – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элементтердин мезгилдик тутуму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia" title="Mfumo radidia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo radidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_klasifikasyon_peryodik_eleman" title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_p%C3%A9ryodik_di_s%C3%A9_%C3%A9l%C3%A9man" title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_vedor%C3%AE_ya_elementan" title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodica_di_elemenc" title="Tabela periodica di elemenc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tabela periodica di elemenc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema periodicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer" title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97" title="Periodinė elementų lentelė – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinė elementų lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_eleminte" title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko" title="Etánda ya bileko – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etánda ya bileko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikni_selratni_cartu" title="dikni selratni cartu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikni selratni cartu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_elemek_peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszere" title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периоден систем на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabilaon%27ny_singa" title="Tabilaon'ny singa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tabilaon'ny singa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_perjodika" title="Tavla perjodika – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tavla perjodika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Ripanga pūmotu – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جدول دورى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول دورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3_ci%C5%AD-g%C4%AD-bi%C4%93u" title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үелэх систем – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%93uhc%C4%81y%C5%8Dtl_nemachiy%C5%8Dt%C4%ABlp%C4%81ntli" title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periodiek systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="तत्त्वमां – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तत्त्वमां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="周期表 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="周期表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioodisch_tab%C3%A4le" title="Perioodisch tabäle – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perioodisch tabäle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="senarai pilihan"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabatee_Wahiyyoolee" title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_elementlar_davriy_sistemasi" title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A8l_peri%C3%B3diko" title="Tabèl periódiko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tabèl periódiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiriadik_tiebl" title="Piiriadik tiebl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiriadik tiebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C" title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Tableau périodique – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàula periòdica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tàula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna" title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодічна сістема елементів – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Періодічна сістема елементів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Периодическая система химических элементов – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Периодическая система химических элементов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Периодтаах таабыл – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Периодтаах таабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्तसारणी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आवर्तसारणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica_de_is_elementos" title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Periodic cairt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_Tabelle" title="Periodiske Tabelle – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Periodiske Tabelle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafole_ya_periodiki" title="Tafole ya periodiki – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tafole ya periodiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_periodik_i_elementeve" title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_piri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàvula piriòdica – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula piriòdica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوري جدول – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دوري جدول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Periodická tabuľka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Periodni sistem elementov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82%C5%8Fd_%C3%B4kresowy_elymynt%C5%8Dw" title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwalka_Curiyayaasha" title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خشتەی خولی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خشتەی خولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiki_sistemi" title="Periodiki sistemi – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Periodiki sistemi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Периодни систем – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периодни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Tabél periodik – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflwit_tazdawant_n_ifr%E1%B8%8Disn" title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talahanayang_peryodiko" title="Talahanayang peryodiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talahanayang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிம அட்டவணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிம அட்டவணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelwit_tawalant" title="Tafelwit tawalant – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelwit tawalant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavele_Periodiche" title="Tavele Periodiche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tavele Periodiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตารางธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng tuần hoàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebol_bilong_ol_elemen" title="Tebol bilong ol elemen – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tebol bilong ol elemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyodik tablo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiki_elementleri%C5%88_periodik_ulgamy" title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодична система хімічних елементів – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Періодична система хімічних елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوری جدول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوری جدول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzsoq_Couhgibyauj" title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dega" title="Tabeła periòdega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tabeła periòdega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C5%BEiden_elementoiden_periodine_tablut" title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelejevi_tap%C3%B5l" title="Mendelejevi tapõl – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mendelejevi tapõl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints" title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_syst%C3%A8me" title="Periodiek système – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periodiek système" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramdan_peryodika" title="Taramdan peryodika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taramdan peryodika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%A0y%C3%A8_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADm%E1%BA%B9%CC%80nt%C3%AC" title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloyo_periyodik" title="Tabloyo periyodik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabloyo periyodik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeliej%C4%97va_kem%C4%97niu_elementu_lental%C4%97" title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Jadual_berkala" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Jadual_berkala" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Jadual_berkala" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_elements" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dilencongkan daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_unsur&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Jadual berkala unsur">Jadual berkala unsur</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Periodic_table.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Periodic_table.svg/375px-Periodic_table.svg.png" decoding="async" width="375" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Periodic_table.svg/563px-Periodic_table.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Periodic_table.svg/750px-Periodic_table.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Jadual berkala</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jadual berkala unsur kimia</b> adalah himpunan paparan berkaitan <a href="/wiki/Unsur" class="mw-disambig" title="Unsur">unsur</a> <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> yang diketahui dalam bentuk jadual. Unsur ini disusun menurut struktur <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> agar kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Sifat_kimia" title="Sifat kimia">sifat kimia</a> berubah secara tetap sepanjang jadual. Setiap <a href="/wiki/Unsur" class="mw-disambig" title="Unsur">unsur</a> disenaraikan menurut <a href="/wiki/Nombor_atom" title="Nombor atom">nombor atom</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Simbol_kimia" title="Simbol kimia">simbol kimia</a>. </p><p>Jadual ini mula-mulanya diperkenalkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a>, seorang ahli kimia dari <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> yang menghimpunkan unsur-unsur untuk menunjukkan ciri-ciri unsur itu yang berulang ("berkala") mengikut jadual. Jadual ini telah diperbaiki mengikut peredaran masa, selaras dengan penemuan unsur baru serta penghasilan teori baru mengenai unsur-unsur. </p><p><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Jadual_berkala_piawaian">Jadual piawaian</a> membekalkan asas yang diperlukan. Terdapat juga <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Kaedah_lain_memaparkan_unsur_kimia">kaedah lain memaparkan unsur kimia</a> untuk lebih terperinci atau sudut pandangan lain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengenalan">Pengenalan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengenalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengenalan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat 118 <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> yang diketahui pada masa kini. Jadual Berkala Unsur membolehkan kita mempelajari serta mengingati sifat <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> dan sifat <a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">fizik</a> bagi semua unsur dengan lebih sistematik dan lebih mudah. </p><p>Di dalam Jadual berkala dinyatakan: </p> <ul><li>simbol</li> <li>struktur hablur</li> <li>sifat-sifat <a href="/wiki/Asid" title="Asid">asid</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keelektronegatifan" title="Keelektronegatifan">keelektronegatifan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haba_pengewapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haba pengewapan (laman tidak wujud)">haba pengewapan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haba_pelakuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haba pelakuran (laman tidak wujud)">haba pelakuran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekonduksian_terma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekonduksian terma (laman tidak wujud)">kekonduksian terma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muatan_haba_tentu" title="Muatan haba tentu">muatan haba tentu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isi_padu" title="Isi padu">isi padu</a> atom</li> <li>jejari <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a></li> <li>jejari <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a></li> <li>jejari kovalen</li></ul> <p>Dalam Jadual Berkala, unsur-unsur disusun mengikut tertib nombor <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> menaik secara mengufuk. Setiap turus tegak dalam Jadual Berkala dipanggil kumpulan manakala setiap turus mengufuk dipanggil kala. </p><p>Unsur-unsur yang mempunyai bilangan <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> di petala terluar yang sama, iaitu mempunyai sifat-sifat <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> yang sama, disusun dalam kumpulan yang sama. </p><p>Walaupun sifat-sifat <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> adalah sama, tetapi sifat-sifat fizik unsur berubah secara beransur-ansur apabila menuruni sesuatu kumpulan. </p><p>Jadual Berkala mengandungi lapan kumpulan iaitu: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan I">Kumpulan I</a> – <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan II">Kumpulan II</a> – <a href="/wiki/Logam_bumi_beralkali" class="mw-redirect" title="Logam bumi beralkali">Logam bumi beralkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan III">Kumpulan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan IV">Kumpulan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan V">Kumpulan V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan VI">Kumpulan VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan VII">Kumpulan VII</a> – <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_VIII" title="Kumpulan VIII">Kumpulan VIII</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">Gas adi</a></li></ul> <p>Antara Kumpulan II dan Kumpulan III iaitu terletak di tengah-tengah Jadual Berkala, terletak satu blok unsur-unsur berasingan yang dipanggil unsur-unsur peralihan. </p><p>Jadual Berkala mempunyai 7 kala iaitu dari Kala 1 hingga Kala 7. Kala menunjukkan jumlah <a href="/wiki/Petala_elektron" title="Petala elektron">petala elektron</a> dalam atom unsur. Kala 1 (1 petala elektron) mengandungi 2 unsur iaitu <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> (H) dan <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> (He). Kala 2 dan 3 masing-masing mempunyai 8 unsur. Kala 4 dan 5 mempunyai 18 unsur manakala Kala 6 dan 7 mempunyai 32 unsur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejak abad ke-18 lagi, beberapa orang ahli sains telah bertungkus lumus untuk cuba mengelaskan unsur sehingga terhasilnya Jadual Berkala Unsur yang digunakan sekarang. </p><p>Ahli-ahli kimia yang dimaksudkan adalah: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> (1743 – 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a> (1766 – 1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_W._Dobereiner" title="Johann W. Dobereiner">Johann W. Dobereiner</a> (1780 – 1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newlands" title="John Newlands">John Newlands</a> (1837 – 1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Meyer" title="Lothar Meyer">Lothar Meyer</a> (1830 – 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> (1839 – 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.J.G._Mosley" class="mw-redirect" title="H.J.G. Mosley">H.J.G. Mosley</a> (1887 – 1915)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kumpulan">Kumpulan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kumpulan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kumpulan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kumpulan jadual berkala adalah lajur menegak dalam jadual berkala bagi unsur. Terdapat 18 kumpulan dalam jadual berkala piawai. Unsur dalam satu kumpulan mempunyai ciri-ciri yang serupa dalam <a href="/wiki/Elektron_valens" title="Elektron valens">elektron valens</a> (<i>valence shell</i>) mereka, yang memberikan mereka ciri-ciri serupa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nombor_kumpulan">Nombor kumpulan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Nombor kumpulan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nombor kumpulan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat tiga sistem <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala#Jumlah_kumpulan" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">jumlah kumpulan</a>; satu menggunakan nombor Arab dan dua yang lain menggunakan nombor Rom. Nama nombor Rom merupakan nama tradisi asal bagi kumpulan ini; nama nombor Arab adalah skema nama baru yang dicadangkan oleh <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>. Skema IUPAC dibangunkan untuk menggantikan sistem nombor Rom lama kerana nombor tersebut mengelirukan disebabkan menggunakan nama yang sama bagi benda berlainan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jadual_berkala_piawaian">Jadual berkala piawaian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Jadual berkala piawaian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jadual berkala piawaian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="width:80%; background:#f7f7e9; border:1px solid #a9a9a9;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#e9e955"> <th width="1.0%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">Kumpulan</a> → </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">2</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 3">3</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 4">4</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 5">5</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 6">6</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 7">7</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 8">8</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 9">9</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 10">10</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 11">11</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_unsur_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan unsur 12">12</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_boron" title="Kumpulan boron">13</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_karbon" title="Kumpulan karbon">14</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_nitrogen" title="Kumpulan nitrogen">15</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_kalkogen" title="Kumpulan kalkogen">16</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Gas_Adi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Adi">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>↓ <a href="/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala">Kala</a> </th> <td colspan="19"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_1" title="Unsur kala 1">1</a> </th> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">1 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H </a> </td> <td colspan="16"><br /> </td> <td title="Gas adi; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#c0ffff; border:2px solid black;">2 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_2" title="Unsur kala 2">2</a> </th> <td title="Logam alkali; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff6666; border:2px solid black;">3 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Logam alkali bumi; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffdead; border:2px solid black;">4 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">5 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B </a> </td> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">6 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C </a> </td> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">7 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N </a> </td> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">8 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O </a> </td> <td title="Halogen; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#ffff99; border:2px solid black;">9 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F </a> </td> <td title="Gas adi; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#c0ffff; border:2px solid black;">10 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_3" title="Unsur kala 3">3</a> </th> <td title="Logam alkali; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff6666; border:2px solid black;">11 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Logam alkali bumi; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffdead; border:2px solid black;">12 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">13 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">14 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">15 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P </a> </td> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">16 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">S </a> </td> <td title="Halogen; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#ffff99; border:2px solid black;">17 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Gas adi; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#c0ffff; border:2px solid black;">18 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_4" title="Unsur kala 4">4</a> </th> <td title="Logam alkali; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff6666; border:2px solid black;">19 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K </a> </td> <td title="Logam alkali bumi; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffdead; border:2px solid black;">20 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">21 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">22 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">23 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V </a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">24 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">25 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">26 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">27 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">28 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">29 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">30 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">31 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">32 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">33 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">As</a> </td> <td title="Bukan logam; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#a0ffa0; border:2px solid black;">34 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Halogen; Purba; Cecair" style="text-align:center; color:green; background:#ffff99; border:2px solid black;">35 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Gas adi; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#c0ffff; border:2px solid black;">36 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_5" title="Unsur kala 5">5</a> </th> <td title="Logam alkali; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff6666; border:2px solid black;">37 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Logam alkali bumi; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffdead; border:2px solid black;">38 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">39 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y </a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">40 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">41 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">42 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dashed black;">43 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">44 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">45 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">46 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">47 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">48 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">49 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">50 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">51 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Antimoni" title="Antimoni">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">52 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black;">53 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I </a> </td> <td title="Gas adi; Purba; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#c0ffff; border:2px solid black;">54 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_6" title="Unsur kala 6">6</a> </th> <td title="Logam alkali; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff6666; border:2px solid black;">55 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Logam alkali bumi; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffdead; border:2px solid black;">56 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Tidak dijumpai; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:none; padding:1px;">* <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid"> </a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">72 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">73 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">74 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W </a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">75 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">76 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">77 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">78 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">79 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Purba; Cecair" style="text-align:center; color:green; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black;">80 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">81 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">82 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Logam lemah; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccccc; border:2px solid black;">83 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Metaloid; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#cccc99; border:2px dashed black;">84 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Halogen; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffff99; border:2px dashed black;">85 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Gas adi; Radio asli; Gas" style="text-align:center; color:red; background:#c0ffff; border:2px dashed black;">86 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_7" title="Unsur kala 7">7</a> </th> <td title="Logam alkali; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff6666; border:2px dashed black;">87 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Logam alkali bumi; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffdead; border:2px dashed black;">88 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Tidak dijumpai; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:none; padding:1px;">** <br /> <a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid"> </a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dotted black;">104 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dotted black;">105 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dotted black;">106 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dotted black;">107 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dotted black;">108 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">109 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">110 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">111 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Logam peralihan; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px dotted black;">112 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">113 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">114 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">115 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">116 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Tidak dijumpai; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FFFFFF; border:none; padding:1px;">117 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Sifat kimia tidak diketahui; Sintetik; FasaTidakDiketahui" style="text-align:center; color:DimGrey; background:#FCFCFC; border:2px dotted black;">118 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:right">* <b><a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a></b> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">57 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">58 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">59 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">60 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px dashed black;">61 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">62 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">63 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">64 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">65 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">66 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">67 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">68 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">69 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">70 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lantanid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ffbfff; border:2px solid black;">71 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:right">** <b><a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a></b> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dashed black;">89 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px solid black;">90 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dashed black;">91 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px solid black;">92 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U </a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Radio asli; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dashed black;">93 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Purba; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px solid black;">94 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">95 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">96 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">97 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">98 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">99 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">100 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">101 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">102 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Aktinid; Sintetik; Pepejal" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:#ff99cc; border:2px dotted black;">103 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <p><br /> <i>Ini merupakan susunan umum jadual berkala yang memisahkan lantanid dan aktinid dari unsur lain. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(lebar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (lebar) (laman tidak wujud)">Jadual berkala lebar</a> menggabungkan <a href="/wiki/Blok-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-f">blok-f</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(luas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (luas) (laman tidak wujud)">Jadual berkala luas</a> memasukkan kala ke-8 dan ke-9, menggabungkan blok-f dan menambahkan teori <a href="/wiki/Blok-g" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-g">blok-g</a>.</i> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin-top: 1.5em; width:100%; border: 1px solid black; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"> <div style="margin:0 1em 1em 0; text-align:center; width:100%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Siri_kimia" title="Siri kimia">Siri kimia</a> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_unsur" class="mw-redirect" title="Jadual berkala unsur">jadual berkala unsur</a></b> </p> <div style="-moz-column-count:5; -webkit-column-count:5; column-count:5; text-align:left;width:90%; margin:auto; border:1px solid gray; padding:0.2em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5537384">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#ff6666; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#ffdead; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">Logam alkali bumi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#ffbfff; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#ff99cc; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#cccccc; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Logam_lemah" title="Logam lemah">Logam lemah</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#cccc99; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#a0ffa0; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bukan_logam" title="Bukan logam">Bukan logam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#ffff99; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5537384"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#c0ffff; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">Gas adi</a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="border-right: 1px solid black"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="2"> <caption><b>Keadaan pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_dan_tekanan_piawai" title="Suhu dan tekanan piawai">suhu dan tekanan piawai</a> (0 °C and 1 atm)</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="33%" style="text-align: center; color: red;">Gas </th> <th width="33%" style="text-align: center; color: green;">Cecair </th> <th width="33%" style="text-align: center; color: black;">Pepejal </th></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="50%"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="2" style="font-size: 0.83em"> <caption><b>Kemunculan</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" style="text-align: center; border: 2px dotted black;">Sintetik </td> <td width="25%" style="text-align: center; border: 2px dashed black;">Dari pereputan </td> <td width="25%" style="text-align: center; border: 2px solid black;">Purba </td> <td width="25%" style="text-align: center; border: none; padding:1px;">Tidak dijumpai </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaedah_lain_memaparkan_unsur_kimia">Kaedah lain memaparkan unsur kimia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Kaedah lain memaparkan unsur kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kaedah lain memaparkan unsur kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_alternatif" title="Jadual berkala alternatif">Jadual berkala alternatif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(penuh)" title="Jadual berkala (penuh)">Jadual berkala penuh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(Cina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (Cina) (laman tidak wujud)">Jadual berkala Cina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(konfigurasi_elektron)" title="Jadual berkala (konfigurasi elektron)">Konfigurasi elektron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(logam_dan_bukan_logam)" title="Jadual berkala (logam dan bukan logam)">Logam dan bukan logam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nama" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nama">Senarai unsur mengikut nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_simbol" title="Senarai unsur mengikut simbol">Senarai unsur mengikut simbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nombor_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nombor atom">Senarai unsur mengikut nombor atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_takat_didih" title="Senarai unsur mengikut takat didih">Senarai unsur mengikut takat didih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_takat_lebur" title="Senarai unsur mengikut takat lebur">Senarai unsur mengikut takat lebur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_ketumpatan" title="Senarai unsur mengikut ketumpatan">Senarai unsur mengikut ketumpatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_jisim_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom">Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom</a></li></ul> <p>Ini adalah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bic.beckman.uiuc.edu/mritab1/">jadual berkala</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040621032520/http://bic.beckman.uiuc.edu/mritab1/">Diarkibkan</a> 2004-06-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Getaran_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Getaran magnet (laman tidak wujud)">getaran magnet (resonan magnet)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penjelasan_mengenai_jadual_berkala">Penjelasan mengenai jadual berkala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Penjelasan mengenai jadual berkala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penjelasan mengenai jadual berkala"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jumlah atom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerangka_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerangka elektron (laman tidak wujud)">kerangka elektron</a> menentukan golongan kala yang mana ia berada. Setiap kerangka terbahagi kepada beberapa subkerangka (<i>subshells</i>), yang mana apabila nombor atom meningkat mengisi secara kasar susunan yang berikut: </p> <table class="wikitable" align="left"> <tbody><tr style="background:#CCCCCC"> <td>Subpetala:</td> <td>S</td> <td>G</td> <td>F</td> <td>D</td> <td>P </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">Kala</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">1</td> <td>1s</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">2</td> <td>2s</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2p </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">3</td> <td>3s</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3p </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">4</td> <td>4s</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3d</td> <td>4p </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">5</td> <td>5s</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4d</td> <td>5p </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">6</td> <td>6s</td> <td></td> <td>4f</td> <td>5d</td> <td>6p </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">7</td> <td>7s</td> <td></td> <td>5f</td> <td>6d</td> <td>7p </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDDDDD">8</td> <td>8s</td> <td>5g</td> <td>6f</td> <td>7d</td> <td>8p </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Dengan itu terbentuk struktur jadual. Oleh kerana elektron paling luar akan menentukan ciri-ciri kimia, ia cenderung serupa dalam sesuatu kumpulan. Unsur yang bersebelahan dalam kumpulan yang sama mempunyai ciri-ciri fizikal yang serupa, walaupun mempunyai jisim yang berbeza. Unsur yang bersebelahan dalam jadual mempunyai jisim serupa tetapi ciri-ciri berlainan. </p><p>Sebagai contoh, berhampiran dengan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (N) dalam kala kedua jadual berkala unsur adalah <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> (C) dan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> (O). Walaupun unsur-unsur tersebut mempunyai jisim yang hampir serupa (ia berbeza hanya beberapa unit jisim atom), ia mempunyai sifat-sifat yang amat berbeza, sebagaimana yang boleh dilihat dengan melihat <a href="/wiki/Alotrop" title="Alotrop">alotrop</a> mereka: diatomic oksigen adalah <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> yang menyokong pembakaran, diatomic nitrogen adalah gas yang tidak menyokong pembakaran, dan karbon adalah <a href="/wiki/Pepejal" title="Pepejal">pepejal</a> yang boleh dibakar (ya, <a href="/wiki/Berlian" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlian">berlian</a> boleh dibakar!). </p><p>Sebaliknya, amat hampir kepada <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a> (Cl) dalam kumpulan hampir akhir dalam jadual (<a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">fluorin</a> (F) dan <a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">bromin</a> (Br). Walaupun terdapat perbezaan jisim yang ketara di antara setiap unsur dalam kumpulan tersebut, alotrop-alotropnya mempunyai sifat yang serupa: Semuanya bersifat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengkakis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengkakis (laman tidak wujud)">mengkakis</a> (semuanya bertindak balas dengan <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Garam" title="Garam">garam</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_halida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam halida (laman tidak wujud)">logam halida</a>); klorin dan fluorin adalah gas, sementara bromin mempunyai titik didih cecair yang amat rendah; klorin dan bromin mempunyai warna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_2">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jadual awal dibentuk tanpa pengetahuan mengenai struktur dalaman <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>: jika seseorang mengatur unsur menurut <a href="/wiki/Jisim_atom" title="Jisim atom">jisim atom (<i>atomic mass</i>)</a>, dan kemudian melakar ciri-ciri lain tertentu menurut jisim atom, akan kelihatan alunan atau <i>perkalaan</i> kepada ciri-ciri tersebut sebagai fungsi jisim atom. </p><p>Orang pertama menyedari kesamaan ini adalak ahli kimia <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (laman tidak wujud)">Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner</a>, yang pada <a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a>, menyedari beberapa triad unsur yang serupa: </p> <table cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="3">Beberapa triad</th> </tr><tr> <th>Unsur</th> <th>Jisim atomik</th> <th>Ketumpatan</th> </tr><tr> <td>Klorin</td> <td>35.5</td> <td>0.00156 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Bromin</td> <td>79.9</td> <td>0.00312 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Iodin</td> <td>126.9</td> <td>0.00495 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr><td> </td></tr><tr> <td>Kalsium</td> <td>40.1</td> <td>1.55 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Strontium</td> <td>87.6</td> <td>2.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Barium</td> <td>137</td> <td>3.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Ini diikuti oleh ahli kimia Inggeris <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Alexander Reina Newlands (laman tidak wujud)">John Alexander Reina Newlands</a>, yang menyedari pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> bahawa unsur yang jenisnya serupa akan berulang setiap lapan kali. Dia menyamakannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Oktaf" title="Oktaf">oktaf muzik</a>, namun <i>hukum oktaf</i>nya telah ditertawakan oleh saintis sezaman dengannya. Akhirnya, pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Meyer" title="Lothar Meyer">Lothar Meyer</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dan ahli kimia <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Ivanovich_Mendeleev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (laman tidak wujud)">Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev</a> membangunkan jadual berkala hampir pada masa yang sama, dengan menyusun unsur mengikut jisim. Bagaimanapun, Mendeleev meletakkan beberapa unsur luar daripada urutan jisim yang ketat supaya dapat memadankan cirinya dengan ciri 'jirannya' dengan lebih sesuai, membetulkan ralat dalam nilai beberapa jisim atomik, dan meramalkan kewujudan beberapa unsur baru serta ciri-cirinya dalam sel-sel kosong dalam jadualnya. Mendeleev kemudiannya dibuktikan benar dengan penemuan struktur elektronik dalam unsur pada akhir <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19" title="Abad ke-19">abad ke-19</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20" title="Abad ke-20">ke-20</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Cari <i><b><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Khas:Gelintar/Jadual_berkala" class="extiw" title="wikt:Khas:Gelintar/Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></b></i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wikikamus</a> bahasa Melayu, kamus bebas.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">Kumpulan jadual berkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala">Perkalaan jadual berkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_kimia" title="Siri kimia">Siri kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok_jadual_berkala" title="Blok jadual berkala">Blok jadual berkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUPAC" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber_lanjut">Sumber lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Sumber lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sumber lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mazurs, E.G., "<i>Graphical Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years</i>". University of Alabama Press, Alabama. 1974.</li> <li>Bouma, J., "<i>An Application-Oriented Periodic Table of the Elements</i>". J. Chem. Ed., 66 741 (1989).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberchem.utm.my/am1/periodicm/index.html">Jadual Berkala Unsur</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title=" Pautan mati ditandakan pada September 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/alttable.htm">Presentation forms of the periodic table</a></i>". Western Oregon University.</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm">A Brief History of the Development of Periodic Table</a></i>". Western Oregon University.</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html">Visual Periodic Table</a></i>". ChemSoc.org.</li> <li>Barbalace, Kenneth L., "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/">Biochemical Periodic Tables</a></i>". KLBProductions.com.</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com">Periodic table</a> (professional edition)</i>". WebElements.</li> <li>Counterman, Craig, "<i>Periodic Table of the Elements : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/3.091/www/pt/">Atomic Number</a></i>". MIT Course 3.091.</li> <li>Holler, F. James, and John P. Selegue, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/">Periodic Table of Comic Books</a></i>". Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky. 1996-2002.</li> <li>Heilman, Chris, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/default.html">The Pictorial Periodic Table</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040407011620/http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/default.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2004-04-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>". (Includes alternate styles: Stowe, Benfey, Zmaczynski, Giguere, Tarantola, Filling, Mendeleev)</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm">Periodic table</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050119093914/http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm">Diarkibkan</a> 2005-01-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>". Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division.</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys.ufl.edu/fermisurface/periodic_table.html">Periodic Table of the Fermi Surfaces of Elemental Solids</a></i>".</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/aj39/NMRmap.cgi">Interactive NMR Frequency Map</a></i>". Texas A&M.</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.co.il/elements/">Periodic Table Elements</a></i>". Israel Science and Technology Directory. (Table sortable by physical characteristics)</li> <li>Barthelmy, David, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webmineral.com/chemical.shtml">Periodic table</a>"</i> Mineralogy Database. (mineral emphasis)</li> <li>Gray, Theodore, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/">Wooden Periodic Table Table</a></i>" (with samples)</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/info/resources/p_table/Periodic.html">Periodic table applet</a></i>". Dartmouth College. (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_pengaturcaraan_Java" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa pengaturcaraan Java">Java</a>)</li> <li>Jacobs, Bob, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistrycoach.com/periodic_tables.htm">Periodic Tables</a></i>". The Chemistry Coach.</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodictable.com/">PeriodicTable.Com</a></i>".</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jadual_berkala" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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templat:PeriodicTablesFooter (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:PeriodicTablesFooter&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jadual_berkala" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jadual berkala</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Susun atur</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(piawai)" title="Jadual berkala (piawai)">Piawai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(menegak)" title="Jadual berkala (menegak)">Menegak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(penuh)" title="Jadual berkala (penuh)">Nama penuh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(terperinci)" title="Jadual berkala (terperinci)">Nama dan jisim atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(logam_dan_bukan_logam)" title="Jadual berkala (logam dan bukan logam)">Logam dan bukan logam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(blok)" title="Jadual berkala (blok)">Blok</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(valens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (valens) (laman tidak wujud)">Valens</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(tatarajah_elektron)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (tatarajah elektron) (laman tidak wujud)">Tatarajah elektron</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jisim_atom/Jadual" title="Jisim atom/Jadual">Jisim atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Keelektronegatifan" title="Keelektronegatifan">Keelektronegatifan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_alternatif" title="Jadual berkala alternatif">Alternatif</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senarai unsur</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nama" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nama">Nama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_simbol" title="Senarai unsur mengikut simbol">Simbol atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nombor_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nombor atom">Nombor atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_takat_didih" title="Senarai unsur mengikut takat didih">Takat didih</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_takat_lebur" title="Senarai unsur mengikut takat lebur">Takat lebur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_ketumpatan" title="Senarai unsur mengikut ketumpatan">Ketumpatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_jisim_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom">Jisim atom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">Kumpulan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">2</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_3" title="Unsur kumpulan 3">3</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_4" title="Unsur kumpulan 4">4</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_5" title="Unsur kumpulan 5">5</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_6" title="Unsur kumpulan 6">6</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_7" title="Unsur kumpulan 7">7</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_8" title="Unsur kumpulan 8">8</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_9" title="Unsur kumpulan 9">9</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_10" title="Unsur kumpulan 10">10</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_11" title="Unsur kumpulan 11">11</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_12" title="Unsur kumpulan 12">12</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_boron" title="Kumpulan boron">13</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_karbon" title="Kumpulan karbon">14</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_nitrogen" title="Kumpulan nitrogen">15</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkogen">16</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">18</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala"><b>Kala:</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_1" title="Unsur kala 1">1</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_2" title="Unsur kala 2">2</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_3" title="Unsur kala 3">3</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_4" title="Unsur kala 4">4</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_5" title="Unsur kala 5">5</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_6" title="Unsur kala 6">6</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_7" title="Unsur kala 7">7</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kala_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unsur kala 8 (laman tidak wujud)">8</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Siri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Alkali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">Logam alkali bumi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_lemah" title="Logam lemah">Logam lemah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bukan_logam" title="Bukan logam">Bukan logam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">Gas adi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blok_jadual_berkala" title="Blok jadual berkala">Blok</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Blok-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-s">blok-s</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">blok-p</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-f">blok-f</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-g" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-g">blok-g</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&oldid=5826043">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala&oldid=5826043</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kimia" title="Kategori:Kimia">Kimia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Jadual_berkala" title="Kategori:Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia" 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