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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>أحدث التغييرات</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9"><span>أحدث التغييرات الأساسية</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> تصفح </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-subjects" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>المواضيع</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9"><span>أبجدي</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>بوابات</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="حمل صفحة عشوائية [x]" accesskey="x"><span>مقالة عشوائية</span></a></li><li id="n-Kiwix" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3"><span>تصفح من غير إنترنت</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9"><span>الصفحات الخاصة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> مشاركة </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>تواصل مع ويكيبيديا</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حيث تجد المساعدة"><span>مساعدة</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>الميدان</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ويكيبيديا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ar.svg" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ابحث في ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>بحث</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ابحث في ويكيبيديا" aria-label="ابحث في ويكيبيديا" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ابحث في ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:بحث"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">بحث</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="أدوات شخصية"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="تغيير مظهر الصفحة، حجم الخط، العرض واللون" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="المظهر" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">المظهر</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ar.wikipedia.org&uselang=ar" class=""><span>تبرع</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=TSC1" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك؛ لكنه غير ضروري على اي حال" class=""><span>إنشاء حساب</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=TSC1" title="يفضل أن تسجل الدخول، لكنه ليس إلزاميا. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دخول</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="أدوات شخصية" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">أدوات شخصية</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="قائمة المستخدم" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ar.wikipedia.org&uselang=ar"><span>تبرع</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=TSC1" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك؛ لكنه غير ضروري على اي حال"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>إنشاء حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=TSC1" title="يفضل أن تسجل الدخول، لكنه ليس إلزاميا. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دخول</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحات للمحررين الذين سجَّلوا خروجهم <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="تعلَّم المزيد بخصوص التحرير"><span>تعلَّم المزيد</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="قائمة بتعديلات قام بها عنوان الآي بي [y]" accesskey="y"><span>مساهمات</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="نقاش حول التعديلات من عنوان الأيبي هذا [n]" accesskey="n"><span>نقاش</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="المحتويات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المحتويات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">المقدمة</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-الوظيفة" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الوظيفة"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>الوظيفة</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الوظيفة-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-الأهمية_السريرية" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الأهمية_السريرية"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>الأهمية السريرية</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الأهمية_السريرية-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-المراجع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#المراجع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>المراجع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-المراجع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-قراءة_متعمقة" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#قراءة_متعمقة"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>قراءة متعمقة</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-قراءة_متعمقة-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="المحتويات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="جدول المحتويات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">TSC1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="اذهب إلى المقالة في لغةٍ أخرى. مُتاحة في 11 لغة" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 لغة</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – البوسنية" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="البوسنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamartin" title="Hamartin – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hamartin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamartyna" title="Hamartyna – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hamartyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamartina" title="Hamartina – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hamartina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – التترية" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="التترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC1" title="TSC1 – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="TSC1" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q898669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="تعديل وصلات اللغات" class="wbc-editpage">عدل الوصلات</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نطاقات"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/TSC1" title="اعرض صفحة المحتوى [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مقالة</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:TSC1" rel="discussion" title="نقاش صفحة المحتوى [t]" accesskey="t"><span>نقاش</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="غيّر لهجة اللغة" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">العربية</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="معاينة"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/TSC1"><span>اقرأ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e"><span>عدّل</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=history" title="النسخ السابقة لهذه الصفحة [h]" accesskey="h"><span>تاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="أدوات" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">أدوات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">أدوات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> إجراءات </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/TSC1"><span>اقرأ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e"><span>عدّل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=history"><span>تاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7/TSC1" title="قائمة بكل صفحات الويكي التي تصل هنا [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ماذا يصل هنا</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/TSC1" rel="nofollow" title="أحدث التغييرات في الصفحات الموصولة من هذه الصفحة [k]" accesskey="k"><span>تغييرات ذات علاقة</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ويكيبيديا:رفع" title="ارفع ملفات [u]" accesskey="u"><span>رفع ملف</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&oldid=66721903" title="وصلة دائمة لهذه النسخة من الصفحة"><span>وصلة دائمة</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=info" title="المزيد من المعلومات عن هذه الصفحة"><span>معلومات الصفحة</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF&page=TSC1&id=66721903&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="معلومات عن كيفية الاستشهاد بالصفحة"><span>استشهد بهذه الصفحة</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Far.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTSC1"><span>احصل على مسار مختصر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Far.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTSC1"><span>تنزيل رمز الاستجابة السريعة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> طباعة/تصدير </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=TSC1"><span>إنشاء كتاب</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=TSC1&action=show-download-screen"><span>تحميل PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&printable=yes" title="نسخة للطباعة لهذه الصفحة [p]" accesskey="p"><span>نسخة للطباعة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> في مشاريع أخرى </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q898669" title="وصلة إلى المادة المرتبطة في مستودع البيانات المركزي [g]" accesskey="g"><span>عنصر ويكي بيانات</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المظهر</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">أخف</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ar" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">TSC complex subunit 1 </th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td> </tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffcfd2">معرفات </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/منظمة_جينوم_الإنسان">أسماء بديلة</a></span> </th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"></span> tumor suppressor, tuberous sclerosis 1 protein, TSC1, truncated hemartin, hamartin</td> </tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc">معرفات خارجية</th> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffcfd2">نمط التعبير عن الحمض النووي الريبوزي</th> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png/220px-PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png/330px-PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png/440px-PBB_GE_TSC1_209390_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene//">المزيد من بيانات التعبير المرجعية</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffcfd2">تماثلات متسلسلة</th> </tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc">أنواع</th> <td><b>الإنسان</b></td> <td><b>الفأر</b></td> </tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="أنتريه">أنتريه</a></th> <td><span class="plainlinks"></span> </td><td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th> <td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </td><td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="يونيبروت">يونيبروت</a></th> <td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr> <th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1"> <p class="plainlinks">n/a </p></td></tr></tbody></table> </td><td><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr> <th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1"> <p class="plainlinks">n/a </p></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc">RefSeq (<a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="مرسال الحمض النووي الريبوزي">رنا مرسال.</a>)</th> <td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1"> <p><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1"> <p><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" class="mw-redirect" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a> (بروتين)</th> <td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1"> <p><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"> <p><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc">الموقع (<a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2)" class="mw-redirect" title="قاعدة بيانات جامعة كاليفورنيا (سانتا كروز)">UCSC</a></th> <td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </td><td><span class="plainlinks"></span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#fbf8cc">بحث <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ببمد">ببمد</a></th> <td><span class="plainlinks"></span> </td><td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:x-small;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ويكي بيانات">ويكي بيانات</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:x-small;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center;font-size:x-small"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898669" class="extiw" title="d:Q898669">اعرض/عدّل إنسان</a></td><td colspan="0" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center;font-size:x-small"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>TSC1</b>‏ (<b>Tuberous sclerosis 1</b>) ويُعرف باسم <b>همراتن</b>، هوَ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بروتين">بروتين</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="منطقة مشفرة">يُشَفر</a> بواسطة <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جين">جين</a> TSC1 في <a href="/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إنسان">الإنسان</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="الوظيفة"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.88.D8.B8.D9.8A.D9.81.D8.A9"></span>الوظيفة</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit&section=1" title="عدل القسم: الوظيفة"><span>عدل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68107301">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:2px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-right{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border:1px solid #b32424;border-right:2px solid #b32424;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#fee7e6)}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border:1px solid #b32424;border-right:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border:1px solid #f28500;border-right:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border:1px solid #fc3;border-right:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc;border-right:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-current{border:1px solid #A5D6A7;border-right:2px solid #A5D6A7}.mw-parser-output .ambox-featured{border:1px solid #C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text .date-container{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageleft{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:42px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-right:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0}}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text .date-container,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text .date-container{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0.2em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageleft{padding:2px 0.2em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border:1px solid #36c;border-right:2px solid #36c}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-imageleft,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table.ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 1.6em 0 0!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table.mbox-small-right{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:square}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-قسم_فارغ plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-right ambox-content" role="presentation" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Crystal_xedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[أيقونة]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crystal_xedit.svg/20px-Crystal_xedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crystal_xedit.svg/30px-Crystal_xedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crystal_xedit.svg/40px-Crystal_xedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width:auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>هذا القسم فارغ أو غير مكتمل.</b> ساهم <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit&section=">في توسيعه</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">نوفمبر 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="الأهمية_السريرية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D9.87.D9.85.D9.8A.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B3.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>الأهمية السريرية</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit&section=2" title="عدل القسم: الأهمية السريرية"><span>عدل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68107301" /><table class="box-قسم_فارغ plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-right ambox-content" role="presentation" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Crystal_xedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[أيقونة]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crystal_xedit.svg/20px-Crystal_xedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crystal_xedit.svg/30px-Crystal_xedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crystal_xedit.svg/40px-Crystal_xedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width:auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>هذا القسم فارغ أو غير مكتمل.</b> ساهم <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit&section=">في توسيعه</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">نوفمبر 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="المراجع"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>المراجع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit&section=3" title="عدل القسم: المراجع"><span>عدل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68964954">.mw-parser-output .reflist-wrap{overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:36em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:28em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-4{column-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style><div class="reflist-wrap"><div class="reflist mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-entrez-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-entrez_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68982381">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205081110/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene">"Entrez Gene: TSC1 tuberous sclerosis 1"</a>. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7248">الأصل</a> في 2010-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+TSC1+tuberous+sclerosis+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D7248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3ATSC1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="قراءة_متعمقة"><span id=".D9.82.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.A1.D8.A9_.D9.85.D8.AA.D8.B9.D9.85.D9.82.D8.A9"></span>قراءة متعمقة</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit&section=4" title="عدل القسم: قراءة متعمقة"><span>عدل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68871370">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns-2{column-width:36em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns-3{column-width:28em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns-4{column-width:22em}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381" /><cite id="CITEREFHengstschläger2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hengstschläger M (أغسطس 2001). "Tuberous sclerosis complex genes: from flies to human genetics". <i>Archives of Dermatological Research</i>. ج. 293 ع. 8: 383–6. <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004030100250">10.1007/s004030100250</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ببمد">PMID</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11686512">11686512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Dermatological+Research&rft.atitle=Tuberous+sclerosis+complex+genes%3A+from+flies+to+human+genetics&rft.volume=293&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=383-6&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004030100250&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11686512&rft.aulast=Hengstschl%C3%A4ger&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3ATSC1" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381" /><cite id="CITEREFRamesh2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ramesh V (يونيو 2003). "Aspects of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein function in the brain". <i>Biochemical Society Transactions</i>. ج. 31 ع. Pt 3: 579–83. <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2FBST0310579">10.1042/BST0310579</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ببمد">PMID</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12773159">12773159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+Transactions&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+tuberous+sclerosis+complex+%28TSC%29+protein+function+in+the+brain&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=Pt+3&rft.pages=579-83&rft.date=2003-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2FBST0310579&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12773159&rft.aulast=Ramesh&rft.aufirst=V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3ATSC1" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381" /><cite id="CITEREFKnowlesHornigoldPitt2003" class="citation journal cs1">Knowles MA، Hornigold N، Pitt E (يونيو 2003). 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"Developmental expression of the tuberous sclerosis proteins tuberin and hamartin". <i>Acta Neuropathologica</i>. ج. 101 ع. 3: 202–10. <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004010000269">10.1007/s004010000269</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ببمد">PMID</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11307618">11307618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Neuropathologica&rft.atitle=Developmental+expression+of+the+tuberous+sclerosis+proteins+tuberin+and+hamartin&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=202-10&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004010000269&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11307618&rft.aulast=Murthy&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Stemmer-Rachamimov%2C+AO&rft.au=Haddad%2C+LA&rft.au=Roy%2C+JE&rft.au=Cutone%2C+AN&rft.au=Beauchamp%2C+RL&rft.au=Smith%2C+N&rft.au=Louis%2C+DN&rft.au=Ramesh%2C+V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3ATSC1" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381" /><cite id="CITEREFCataniaMischelVinters2001" class="citation journal cs1">Catania MG، Mischel PS، Vinters HV (يوليو 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neuropathology-and-experimental-neurology_2001-07_60_7/page/711">"Hamartin and tuberin interaction with the G2/M cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1 and its regulatory cyclins A and B"</a>. <i>Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology</i>. ج. 60 ع. 7: 711–23. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ببمد">PMID</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11444800">11444800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuropathology+and+Experimental+Neurology&rft.atitle=Hamartin+and+tuberin+interaction+with+the+G2%2FM+cyclin-dependent+kinase+CDK1+and+its+regulatory+cyclins+A+and+B&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=711-23&rft.date=2001-07&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11444800&rft.aulast=Catania&rft.aufirst=MG&rft.au=Mischel%2C+PS&rft.au=Vinters%2C+HV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-neuropathology-and-experimental-neurology_2001-07_60_7%2Fpage%2F711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3ATSC1" 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title="RMI1">RMI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AK3" title="AK3">AK3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIAA1797" title="KIAA1797">KIAA1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODF2" title="ODF2">ODF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMEM215" title="TMEM215">TMEM215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTNNAL1" title="CTNNAL1">CTNNAL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3C5" title="GTF3C5">GTF3C5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COQ4" title="COQ4">COQ4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SECISBP2" title="SECISBP2">SECISBP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASB6" title="ASB6">ASB6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA10" title="IFNA10">IFNA10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSL4" title="INSL4">INSL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLLT3" title="MLLT3">MLLT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C9orf3" title="C9orf3">C9orf3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SH3GLB2" title="SH3GLB2">SH3GLB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STXBP1" title="STXBP1">STXBP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAEP" title="PAEP">PAEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LRRC8A" title="LRRC8A">LRRC8A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEMGN" title="HEMGN">HEMGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLANA" title="MLANA">MLANA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNTLN" title="CNTLN">CNTLN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAB2IP" title="DAB2IP">DAB2IP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APBA1" title="APBA1">APBA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SURF1" title="SURF1">SURF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFX1" title="NFX1">NFX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HABP4" title="HABP4">HABP4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EQTN" title="EQTN">EQTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B4GALT1" title="B4GALT1">B4GALT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF79" title="ZNF79">ZNF79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLE4" title="TLE4">TLE4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNAPC3" title="SNAPC3">SNAPC3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPS13A" title="VPS13A">VPS13A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBX3" title="PBX3">PBX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA21" title="IFNA21">IFNA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGS3" title="RGS3">RGS3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOLM1" title="GOLM1">GOLM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STX17" title="STX17">STX17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBP1" title="FBP1">FBP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIZ1" title="CIZ1">CIZ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACO1" title="ACO1">ACO1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BICD2" title="BICD2">BICD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHMP5" title="CHMP5">CHMP5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEX10" title="TEX10">TEX10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF2" title="PHF2">PHF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RALGPS1" title="RALGPS1">RALGPS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHX6" title="LHX6">LHX6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">CD153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPDZ" title="MPDZ">MPDZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMC5" title="SMC5">SMC5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMRT1" title="DMRT1">DMRT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINGO2" title="LINGO2">LINGO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNF38" title="RNF38">RNF38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHX3" title="LHX3">LHX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHC3" title="SHC3">SHC3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A25-AS1" title="SLC25A25-AS1">SLC25A25-AS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomodulin" title="Osteomodulin">Osteomodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DPM2" title="DPM2">DPM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAV2" title="VAV2">VAV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM120A" title="FAM120A">FAM120A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTSL1" title="ADAMTSL1">ADAMTSL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIF24" title="KIF24">KIF24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRPF4" title="PRPF4">PRPF4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFI1B" title="GFI1B">GFI1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNK" title="IFNK">IFNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNTRL" title="CNTRL">CNTRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD4" title="FOXD4">FOXD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORO2A" title="CORO2A">CORO2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA6" title="IFNA6">IFNA6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRRX2" title="PRRX2">PRRX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SURF2" title="SURF2">SURF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACTL7A" title="ACTL7A">ACTL7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIT1" title="SIT1">SIT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DENND1A" title="DENND1A">DENND1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAB14" title="RAB14">RAB14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAL2" title="TAL2">TAL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKS2" title="CKS2">CKS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FREM1" title="FREM1">FREM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBXW5" title="FBXW5">FBXW5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIAA0368" title="KIAA0368">KIAA0368</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOR2A" title="TOR2A">TOR2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA8" title="IFNA8">IFNA8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREB3" title="CREB3">CREB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGD3" title="FGD3">FGD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STRBP" title="STRBP">STRBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRAGA" title="RRAGA">RRAGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asporin" title="Asporin">Asporin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCTN3" title="DCTN3">DCTN3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD72" title="CD72">CD72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEC61B" title="SEC61B">SEC61B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOLGA1" title="GOLGA1">GOLGA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPDC1" title="NPDC1">NPDC1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOL6" title="NOL6">NOL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBXW2" title="FBXW2">FBXW2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZCCHC6" title="ZCCHC6">ZCCHC6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SURF6" title="SURF6">SURF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX3" title="RFX3">RFX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAPKAP1" title="MAPKAP1">MAPKAP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMC2" title="SMC2">SMC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEC16A" title="SEC16A">SEC16A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPR107" title="GPR107">GPR107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QRFP" title="QRFP">QRFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNF183" title="RNF183">RNF183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBC1" title="DBC1">DBC1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA13" title="IFNA13">IFNA13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAS1" title="GAS1">GAS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRSS3" title="PRSS3">PRSS3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNAJA1" title="DNAJA1">DNAJA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANKRD15" title="ANKRD15">ANKRD15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA5" title="IFNA5">IFNA5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNC13B" title="UNC13B">UNC13B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANAPC2" title="ANAPC2">ANAPC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INVS" title="INVS">INVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS2" title="MRPS2">MRPS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SURF4" title="SURF4">SURF4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SH3GL2" title="SH3GL2">SH3GL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEP78" title="CEP78">CEP78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C9orf78" title="C9orf78">C9orf78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SH2D3C" title="SH2D3C">SH2D3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STOML2" title="STOML2">STOML2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRUNE2" title="PRUNE2">PRUNE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFT74" title="IFT74">IFT74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDKN2B" title="CDKN2B">CDKN2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RABEPK" title="RABEPK">RABEPK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXE1" title="FOXE1">FOXE1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLE1L" title="GLE1L">GLE1L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBE2R2" title="UBE2R2">UBE2R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANP32B" title="ANP32B">ANP32B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMX1B" title="LMX1B">LMX1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCN2" title="FCN2">FCN2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOL8" title="NOL8">NOL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORM1" title="ORM1">ORM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA4" title="IFNA4">IFNA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNAI1" title="DNAI1">DNAI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPP3R2" title="PPP3R2">PPP3R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C9orf16" title="C9orf16">C9orf16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC1" title="DEC1">DEC1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDRD7" title="TDRD7">TDRD7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHX2" title="LHX2">LHX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBAP2" title="UBAP2">UBAP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="أوروزوموكويد">أوروزوموكويد</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIR7-1" title="MIR7-1">MIR7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIL3" title="NFIL3">NFIL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIAA1539" title="KIAA1539">KIAA1539</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAPVD1" title="GAPVD1">GAPVD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA17" title="IFNA17">IFNA17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSTF1" title="OSTF1">OSTF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosducin-like" title="Phosducin-like">Phosducin-like</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRIN3A" title="GRIN3A">GRIN3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHMT1" title="EHMT1">EHMT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PUM3" title="PUM3">PUM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAA35" title="NAA35">NAA35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDF1" title="EDF1">EDF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCN1" title="FCN1">FCN1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRARP" title="NRARP">NRARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NINJ1" title="NINJ1">NINJ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNBP1" title="FNBP1">FNBP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDR5" title="WDR5">WDR5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64177691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68124052" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:1px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12%">التصنيفات الطبية</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:right;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية">نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية (MeSH)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000077004">D000077004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12%">المعرفات الخارجية</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:right;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="نظام اللغة الطبية الموحدة">نظام اللغة الطبية الموحدة (UMLS CUI)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C4317139">C4317139</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68268331">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:20ch;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.bandeau-portail-texte>a:nth-child(1){font-weight:700}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail{width:242px;float:left;font-size:96%;text-align:right;margin:0;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail li{margin-right:-17px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .portalbox{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .pane{background:transparent}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint bandeau-portail" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:1GZX_Haemoglobin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1GZX_Haemoglobin.png/28px-1GZX_Haemoglobin.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1GZX_Haemoglobin.png/42px-1GZX_Haemoglobin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1GZX_Haemoglobin.png/56px-1GZX_Haemoglobin.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بوابة:الكيمياء الحيوية">بوابة الكيمياء الحيوية</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:P_medicine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/P_medicine.svg/31px-P_medicine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/P_medicine.svg/47px-P_medicine.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="بوابة:علم الأحياء الخلوي والجزيئي">بوابة علم الأحياء الخلوي والجزيئي</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185208">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background-color:#f9f9f9;border:solid 1px #C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:DNA_stub.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="أيقونة بذرة" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/DNA_stub.png/26px-DNA_stub.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/DNA_stub.png/40px-DNA_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/DNA_stub.png/53px-DNA_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">هذه <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="ويكيبيديا:بذرة">بذرة</a> مقالة عن <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جين">جين</a> على <a href="/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A_9" title="صبغي 9">كروموسوم 9</a> بحاجة للتوسيع. فضلًا <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSC1&action=edit">شارك</a> في تحريرها.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">مجلوبة من «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSC1&oldid=66721903">https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSC1&oldid=66721903</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD" title="ويكيبيديا:تصفح">تصنيف</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_9" title="تصنيف:جينات على كروموسوم 9">جينات على كروموسوم 9</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">تصنيفات مخفية: <ul><li><a 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