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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#James_Evans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>James Evans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-James_Evans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Adoption and use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cree_oral_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cree_oral_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cree oral traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cree_oral_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_principles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_principles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Basic principles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Basic_principles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Basic principles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Basic_principles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syllabic_and_final_consonant_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllabic_and_final_consonant_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Syllabic and final consonant forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syllabic_and_final_consonant_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowel_transformations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowel_transformations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vowel transformations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowel_transformations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pointing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pointing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Pointing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pointing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glossary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glossary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Glossary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Glossary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Glossary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Glossary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Syllables",_or_full-size_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Syllables",_or_full-size_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>"Syllables", or full-size letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Syllables",_or_full-size_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Finals",_or_reduced_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Finals",_or_reduced_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>"Finals", or reduced letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Finals",_or_reduced_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Diacritics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Points_and_pointing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points_and_pointing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Points and pointing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Points_and_pointing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syllabaries_and_syllabics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllabaries_and_syllabics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Syllabaries and syllabics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syllabaries_and_syllabics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Round_and_Square" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_and_Square"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Round and Square</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_and_Square-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syllabic_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllabic_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Syllabic alphabets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syllabic_alphabets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Syllabic alphabets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Syllabic_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_Algonquian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Algonquian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Central Algonquian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Algonquian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eastern_and_western_syllabics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_and_western_syllabics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Eastern and western syllabics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_and_western_syllabics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_consonant_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_consonant_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Additional consonant series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_consonant_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inuktitut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inuktitut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Inuktitut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inuktitut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derived_scripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_scripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Derived scripts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Derived_scripts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Derived scripts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Derived_scripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blackfoot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blackfoot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Blackfoot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blackfoot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrier_and_other_Athabaskan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrier_and_other_Athabaskan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Carrier and other Athabaskan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrier_and_other_Athabaskan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollard_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollard_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pollard script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollard_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Current usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_in_Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_in_Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics in Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_in_Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Free_font_downloads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_font_downloads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Free font downloads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_font_downloads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Aboriginal syllabics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المقاطع اللفظية الأصلية الكندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المقاطع اللفظية الأصلية الكندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C2%B7labaris_ind%C3%ADgenes_canadencs" title="Sil·labaris indígenes canadencs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sil·labaris indígenes canadencs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadische_Silbenschrift" title="Kanadische Silbenschrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanadische Silbenschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silabarios_ind%C3%ADgenas_canadienses" title="Silabarios indígenas canadienses – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silabarios indígenas canadienses" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_indi%C4%9Dena_silabaro" title="Kanada indiĝena silabaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kanada indiĝena silabaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabaire_autochtone_canadien" title="Syllabaire autochtone canadien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syllabaire autochtone canadien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coryssyn_screeuee_Canadagh" title="Coryssyn screeuee Canadagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Coryssyn screeuee Canadagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silabarios_ind%C3%ADxenas_canadenses" title="Silabarios indíxenas canadenses – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Silabarios indíxenas canadenses" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EB%AF%BC_%EC%9D%8C%EC%A0%88%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="캐나다 원주민 음절문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다 원주민 음절문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="कनाडा की ऐबोरजीनी लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कनाडा की ऐबोरजीनी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Aborigin_Kanada" title="Aksara Aborigin Kanada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Aborigin Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanad%C3%ADskt_atkv%C3%A6%C3%B0at%C3%A1knr%C3%B3f" title="Kanadískt atkvæðatáknróf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kanadískt atkvæðatáknróf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillabario_aborigeno_canadese" title="Sillabario aborigeno canadese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sillabario aborigeno canadese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_de_canadianes_orijinal" title="Alfabeta de canadianes orijinal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta de canadianes orijinal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics" title="Help:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Help:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E5%85%88%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="カナダ先住民文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ先住民文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadisk_stavelsesskrift" title="Kanadisk stavelsesskrift – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kanadisk stavelsesskrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadisk_stavingsskrift" title="Kanadisk stavingsskrift – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kanadisk stavingsskrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugidy_kanadyjskie" title="Abugidy kanadyjskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abugidy kanadyjskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Canadian syllabics<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ojibwe_Syllabary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ojibwe_Syllabary.png/220px-Ojibwe_Syllabary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ojibwe_Syllabary.png/330px-Ojibwe_Syllabary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ojibwe_Syllabary.png/440px-Ojibwe_Syllabary.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Syllable inventory of <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwe syllabics">Ojibwe syllabics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Featural_writing_system" title="Featural writing system">Featural</a> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1840s–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2479183?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight: normal; background: transparent; text-align: left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Naskapi_language" title="Naskapi language">Naskapi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chippewa_language" title="Chippewa language">Chippewa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight: normal; background: transparent; text-align: left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo–Aleut languages">Eskimo–Aleut languages</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Natsilingmiutut" title="Natsilingmiutut">Natsilingmiutut</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight: normal; background: transparent; text-align: left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan languages</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Beaver_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaver language">Dane-zaa</a>, </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a>, </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sayisi_Dene" title="Sayisi Dene">Sayisi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Carrier_language" title="Carrier language">Carrier (Dakelh)</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sekani_language" title="Sekani language">Sekani</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a><ul><li>Canadian syllabics</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cree_syllabics" title="Cree syllabics">Cree</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Cree_syllabics" title="Western Cree syllabics">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cree_syllabics" title="Eastern Cree syllabics">Eastern</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_syllabics" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Dakelh</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Cans</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(440)</span>, Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Canadian Aboriginal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1400.pdf">U+1400–U+167F</a> Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics,</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U18B0.pdf">U+18B0–U+18FF</a> Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended,</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11AB0.pdf">U+11AB0–U+11ABF</a> Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg/40px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg/60px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg/80px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Canadian" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of syllabics.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:135%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples<br />in Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Transparentadicon.png/130px-Transparentadicon.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Transparentadicon.png/195px-Transparentadicon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Transparentadicon.png/260px-Transparentadicon.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in Canada">Métis</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_First_Nations_history" title="Timeline of First Nations history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Pre-colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism_in_Canada" title="Settler colonialism in Canada">Settler colonialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Residential schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hospital" title="Indian hospital">Indian hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_of_Canada" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada">Reconciliation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indigenous_law" title="Canadian Indigenous law">Indigenous law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Treaty_Process" title="British Columbia Treaty Process">British Columbia Treaty Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Health_Transfer_Policy" title="Indian Health Transfer Policy">Health Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_No_More" title="Idle No More">Idle No More</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous land claims in Canada">Land claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_defender" title="Land defender">Land defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_land_title_in_Canada" title="Aboriginal land title in Canada">Land title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" title="Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Aboriginal_Peoples" title="Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples">Royal Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Self-government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_specific_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous specific land claims in Canada">Specific claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Aboriginal_case_law" title="Category:Canadian Aboriginal case law">Case law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_organizations_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous organizations in Canada">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_politics_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous politics in Canada">Politics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_art" title="Inuit art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_culture_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous culture in Canada">Indigenous cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadian_personalities" title="Indigenous Canadian personalities">Indigenous personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Country food">Country food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Music</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Demographics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserves</a></li> <li>AB <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="First Nations in Alberta">FN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Alberta" title="Métis in Alberta">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Atlantic_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Atlantic Canada">Atlantic CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_British_Columbia" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Manitoba" title="First Nations in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Ontario" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Quebec" title="Indigenous peoples in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="First Nations in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Northern_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada">Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">Pacific Coast</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada#Aboriginal_languages" title="Languages of Canada">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinuk_Wawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinuk Wawa">Chinuk Wawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_English_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal English in Canada">Indigenous English Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">NAPA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aboriginal syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_Writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook Writing">Chinuk pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_grammar" title="Inuit grammar">Inuit grammar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Traditional beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit religion</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Index</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Indigenous_Canadians" title="Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians">Index of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Canada" title="Category:First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inuit" title="Category:Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_M%C3%A9tis_people" title="Category:Canadian Métis people">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America_stubs" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of North America stubs">Stubs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/16px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/24px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/32px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="299" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous North Americas</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Template:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 125%; padding-bottom: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/E_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Vowels" title="E (Indic)"><b>E</b></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pa_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Pe" title="Pa (Indic)"><b>Pe</b></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tta_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Te" class="mw-redirect" title="Tta (Indic)"><b>Te</b><br />(Tte, Tye, Tthe)</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ga_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Ke" title="Ga (Indic)"><b>Ke</b><br />(Qe)</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ja_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Ce" title="Ja (Indic)"><b>Ce</b></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ma_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Me" title="Ma (Indic)"><b>Me</b></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Na_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Ne" title="Na (Indic)"><b>Ne</b></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Se" title="Sa (Indic)"><b>Se</b></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Ye" title="Ya (Indic)"><b>Ye</b></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ra_(Indic)#Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Re" title="Ra (Indic)"><b>Re</b></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>She</td><td>Le</td><td>We</td><td>He</td><td>Fe</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>The</td><td>Ze</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Syllabics_sidebar" title="Template:Canadian Syllabics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Canadian_Syllabics_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Canadian Syllabics sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Syllabics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Syllabics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Canadian syllabic writing</b>, or simply <b>syllabics</b>, is a family of writing systems used in a number of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Canadian languages">indigenous Canadian languages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo–Aleut languages">Inuit</a>, and (formerly) <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan</a> language families. These languages had no formal writing system previously. They are valued for their distinctiveness from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> and for the ease with which literacy can be achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, by the late 19th century the <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> had achieved what may have been one of the highest rates of literacy in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syllabics are an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Glyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyphs">glyphs</a> represent consonant–vowel pairs, determined by the rotation of the glyphs. They derive from the work of linguist and missionary <a href="/wiki/James_Evans_(linguist)" title="James Evans (linguist)">James Evans</a>. </p><p>Canadian syllabics are currently used to write all of the <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree languages</a> from including <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cree_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Cree language">Eastern Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plains_Cree_language" title="Plains Cree language">Plains Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swampy_Cree" title="Swampy Cree">Swampy Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woods_Cree" title="Woods Cree">Woods Cree</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Naskapi_language" title="Naskapi language">Naskapi</a>. They are also used to write <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> in the Canadian Arctic; there they are co-official with the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> in the territory of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. They are used regionally for the other large Canadian Algonquian language, <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a>, as well as for <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a>. Among the <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan languages</a> further to the west, syllabics have been used at one point or another to write <a href="/wiki/Carrier_language" title="Carrier language">Dakelh</a> (Carrier), <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogrib_language" title="Dogrib language">Tłı̨chǫ</a> (Dogrib), and <a href="/wiki/Dane-zaa_language" title="Dane-zaa language">Dane-zaa</a> (Beaver). Syllabics have occasionally been used in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> by communities that straddle the border. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1223039320">.mw-parser-output .abchis-body{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .abchis-title{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks abchis-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></i></span> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></i></span> 32nd c. BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></i></span> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a></i></span> 19th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a> 15th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian</a> 9th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th c. BCE</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li>(<span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#tp-abchistory-phx">below</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1601</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a> 1989</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="treeview"><span class="anchor" id="tp-abchistory-phx"></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">Paleo-Hebrew</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> 3rd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family">Brahmic</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a> 4th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> 6th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> 611</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʼPhags-pa">ʼPhags-pa</a> 1269</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th century <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Aboriginal</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic#Square_Aramaic_Alphabet" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Square Aramaic</a> 2007</li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a></i></span> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> 2nd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a> 1949</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a> 6th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 650</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a> 2nd century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Etruscan</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> 1854</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a> 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a> 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a> 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a> 2006</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> 2nd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a> 5th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> 862</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 940</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Permic">Old Permic</a> 1372</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh#Neo-Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a> 1970</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleohispanic_scripts" title="Paleohispanic scripts">Paleohispanic</a> 7th c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white man stands in front of a gathering of Cree people, teaching his writing system to them." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg/250px-Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg/375px-Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg/500px-Rev._James_Evans_Teaching_Indians_His_System_of_Cree_Syllabic_Writing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of James Evans teaching his system of Cree syllabic writing</figcaption></figure> <p>Cree syllabics were created in a process that culminated in 1840 by <a href="/wiki/James_Evans_(linguist)" title="James Evans (linguist)">James Evans</a>, a missionary, probably in collaboration with Indigenous language experts.<sup id="cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strong-2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evans formalized them for <a href="/wiki/Swampy_Cree" title="Swampy Cree">Swampy Cree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a>. Evans had been inspired by the success of <a href="/wiki/Sequoyah" title="Sequoyah">Sequoyah's</a> <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee syllabary</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> after encountering problems with Latin-based alphabets, and drew on his knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian syllabics would in turn influence the <a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Pollard script</a>, which is used to write various <a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien">Hmong-Mien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese" class="mw-redirect" title="Lolo-Burmese">Lolo-Burmese</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other missionaries were reluctant to use it, but it was rapidly indigenized and spread to new communities before missionaries arrived. </p><p>A conflicting account is recorded in Cree <a href="/wiki/Oral_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral traditions">oral traditions</a>, asserting that the script originated from Cree culture before 1840. Per these traditions, syllabics were the invention of Calling Badger (<span title="Cree-language romanization"><i lang="cr-Latn">Mistanaskowêw</i></span>, <span title="Cree-language text"><span lang="cr">ᒥᐢᑕᓇᐢᑯᐍᐤ</span></span>), a Cree man. Legend states that Badger had died and returned from the spirit world to share the knowledge of writing with his people.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars write that these legends were created after 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-Dusenberry-1962_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dusenberry-1962-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cree scholar Winona Stevenson explores the possibility that the inspiration for Cree syllabics may have originated from a near-death experience of Calling Badger.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson-2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevenson references <a href="/wiki/Fine-Day" title="Fine-Day">Fine Day</a> cited in <a href="/wiki/David_G._Mandelbaum" title="David G. Mandelbaum">David G. Mandelbaum</a>'s <i>The Plains Cree</i> who states that he learned the syllabary from Strikes-him-on-the-back who learned it directly from Calling Badger.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson-2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="James_Evans">James Evans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: James Evans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nagari-syllabics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nagari-syllabics.png/170px-Nagari-syllabics.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="478" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nagari-syllabics.png/255px-Nagari-syllabics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nagari-syllabics.png/340px-Nagari-syllabics.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>Devanagari combining forms compared to syllabics</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1827, Evans, a missionary from <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull, England</a>, was placed in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyan">Wesleyan</a> mission at <a href="/wiki/Rice_Lake_(Ontario)" title="Rice Lake (Ontario)">Rice Lake, Ontario</a>. Here, he began to learn the eastern <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe language</a> spoken in the area and was part of a committee to devise a <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabet</a> for it. By 1837, he had prepared the <i>Speller and Interpreter in English and Indian,</i> but was unable to get its printing sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/British_and_Foreign_Bible_Society" title="British and Foreign Bible Society">British and Foreign Bible Society</a>. At the time, many missionary societies were opposed to the development of native literacy in their own languages, believing that their situation would be bettered by linguistic assimilation into colonial society. </p><p>Evans continued to use his <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Evans_system" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe orthography</a> in his work in Ontario. As was common at the time, the <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> called for hyphens between the syllables of words, giving written Ojibwe a partially syllabic structure. However, his students appear to have had conceptual difficulties using the same alphabet for two different languages with very different sounds, and Evans himself found this approach awkward. Furthermore, the Ojibwe language was <a href="/wiki/Polysynthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysynthesis">polysynthetic</a> but had few distinct syllables, meaning that most words had a large number of syllables; this made them quite long when written with the Latin script. He began to experiment with creating a more syllabic script that he thought might be less awkward for his students to use. </p><p>In 1840, Evans was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Norway_House,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway House, Manitoba">Norway House</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>. Here he began learning the local <a href="/wiki/Swampy_Cree_language" title="Swampy Cree language">Swampy Cree</a> dialect. Like the closely related <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a>, it was full of long polysyllabic words. </p><p>As an amateur linguist, Evans was acquainted with the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script used in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>; in Devanagari, each letter stands for a syllable, and is modified to represent the vowel of that syllable.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a system, now called an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>, would have readily lent itself to writing a language such as Swampy Cree, which had a simple syllable structure of only eight consonants and four long or short vowels. Evans was also familiar with British shorthand, presumably Samuel Taylor's <i><a href="/wiki/Taylor_shorthand" title="Taylor shorthand">Universal Stenography</a>,</i> from his days as a merchant in England; and now he acquired familiarity with the newly published <a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a> of 1837. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption_and_use">Adoption and use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adoption and use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cree_type_proof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cree_type_proof.jpg/250px-Cree_type_proof.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cree_type_proof.jpg/375px-Cree_type_proof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cree_type_proof.jpg/500px-Cree_type_proof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Bilingual book using Cree and English, where Cree is shown in both syllabics and the Latin script.</figcaption></figure> <p>The local Cree community quickly took to this new writing system. Cree people began to use it to write messages on tree bark using burnt sticks, leaving messages out on hunting trails far from the mission. Evans believed that it was well adapted to Native Canadian languages, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a> with which he was familiar. He claimed that "with some slight alterations" it could be used to write "every language from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evans attempted to secure a <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> and new <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">type</a> to publish materials in this writing system. Here, he began to face resistance from colonial and European authorities. The <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, which had a monopoly on foreign commerce in western Canada, refused to import a press for him, believing that native literacy was something to be discouraged. Evans, with immense difficulty, constructed his own press and type and began publishing in syllabics. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG/220px-Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG/330px-Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG/440px-Moses_roberts_syllabics.JPG 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>A 1901 gravestone from Saskatchewan that included some writing in syllabics.</figcaption></figure> <p>Evans left Canada in 1846 and died shortly thereafter. However, the ease and utility of syllabic writing ensured its continued survival, despite European resistance to supporting it. In 1849, <a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(bishop_of_Rupert%27s_Land)" title="David Anderson (bishop of Rupert's Land)">David Anderson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> bishop of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a>, reported that "a few of the Indians can read by means of these syllabic characters; but if they had only been taught to read their own language in our letters, it would have been one step towards the acquisition of the English tongue." But syllabics had taken root among the Cree (indeed, their rate of literacy was greater than that of English and French Canadians<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and in 1861, fifteen years after Evans had died, the <a href="/wiki/British_and_Foreign_Bible_Society" title="British and Foreign Bible Society">British and Foreign Bible Society</a> published a <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cree_syllabics" title="Cree syllabics">Cree syllabics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By then, both <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> were using and actively propagating syllabic writing. </p><p>Missionary work in the 1850s and 1860s spread syllabics to western Canadian <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a> dialects (<a href="/wiki/Plains_Ojibwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains Ojibwe">Plains Ojibwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saulteaux" title="Saulteaux">Saulteaux</a>), but it was not often used over the border by Ojibwe in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Missionaries who had learned Evans' system spread it east across <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, reaching all <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree language</a> areas as far east as the <a href="/wiki/Naskapi" title="Naskapi">Naskapi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Attikamekw" class="mw-redirect" title="Attikamekw">Attikamekw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Innu people">Montagnais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innu" title="Innu">Innu</a> people in eastern <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> use <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabets</a>. </p><p>In 1856, <a href="/wiki/John_Horden" title="John Horden">John Horden</a>, an Anglican missionary at <a href="/wiki/Moose_Factory,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Moose Factory, Ontario">Moose Factory, Ontario</a>, who adapted syllabics to the local <a href="/wiki/James_Bay_Cree" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bay Cree">James Bay Cree</a> dialect, met a group of <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> from the region of <a href="/wiki/Grande_Rivi%C3%A8re_de_la_Baleine" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Rivière de la Baleine">Grande Rivière de la Baleine</a> in northern Quebec. They were very interested in adapting <a href="/wiki/Cree_syllabics" title="Cree syllabics">Cree syllabics</a> to their language. He prepared a few based on their pronunciation of <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>, but it quickly became obvious that the number of basic sounds and the simple model of the syllable in the Evans system was inadequate to the language. With the assistance of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Arthur_Watkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Arthur Watkins (page does not exist)">Edwin Arthur Watkins</a>, he dramatically modified syllabics to reflect these needs. </p><p>In 1876, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican church">Anglican church</a> hired <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Peck" title="Edmund Peck">Edmund Peck</a> to work full-time in their mission at <a href="/wiki/Kuujjuarapik,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuujjuarapik, Quebec">Great Whale River</a>, teaching syllabics to the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> and translating materials into syllabics. His work across the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> is usually credited with the establishment of syllabics among the Inuit. With the support of both <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> missionary societies, by the beginning of the 20th century the Inuit were propagating syllabics themselves. </p><p>In the 1880s, <a href="/wiki/John_William_Tims" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Tims">John William Tims</a>, an Anglican missionary from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, invented a number of new forms to write the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot language</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> missionaries were the primary force for expanding syllabics to <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan languages</a> in the late 19th century. The <a href="/wiki/Oblate_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblate (religion)">Oblate</a> missionary order was particularly active in using syllabics in missionary work. Oblate father <a href="/wiki/Adrien-Gabriel_Morice" title="Adrien-Gabriel Morice">Adrien-Gabriel Morice</a> adapted syllabics to <a href="/wiki/Dakelh" title="Dakelh">Dakelh</a>, inventing a large number of new basic characters to support the radically more complicated phonetics of Athabaskan languages. Father <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Petitot" title="Émile Petitot">Émile Petitot</a> developed syllabic scripts for many of the Athabaskan languages of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan">Chipewyan</a>. </p><p>Cree influenced the design of the <a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Pollard script</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cree_oral_traditions">Cree oral traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cree oral traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cree oral traditions state that the script was gifted to the Cree through the spirit world, rather than being invented by a missionary. </p><p>In the 1930s, Chief <a href="/wiki/Fine-Day" title="Fine-Day">Fine Day</a> of the Sweetgrass First Nation told Mandelbaum the following account:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson-2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>A Wood Cree named Badger-call died and then became alive again. While he was dead he was given the characters of the syllabary and told that with them he could write Cree. Strike-him-on-the-back learned this writing from Badger-call. He made a feast and announced that he would teach it to anyone who wanted to learn. That is how I learned it. Badger-call also taught the writing to the missionaries. When the writing was given to Badger-call he was told 'They [the missionaries] will change the script and will say that the writing belongs to them. But only those who know Cree will be able to read it.' That is how we know that the writing does not belong to the whites, for it can be read only by those who know the Cree language.</p></blockquote> <p>Fine Day's grandson Wes Fineday gave the following account on <a href="/wiki/Morningside_(radio_program)" title="Morningside (radio program)">CBC radio Morningside</a> in two interviews in 1994 and 1998:<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson-2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strong-2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Fineday the younger explained that Calling Badger came from the Stanley Mission area and lived ten to fifteen years before his grandfather's birth in 1846. On his way to a sacred society meeting one evening Calling Badger and two singers came upon a bright light and all three fell to the ground. Out of the light came a voice speaking Calling Badger's name. Soon after, Calling Badger fell ill and the people heard he had passed away. During his wake three days later, while preparing to roll him in buffalo robes for the funeral, the people discovered that his body was not stiff like a dead person's body should be. Against all customs and tradition the people agreed to the widow's request to let the body sit one more night. The next day Calling Badger's body was still not stiff so the old people began rubbing his back and chest. Soon his eyes opened and he told the people he had gone to the Fourth World, the spirit world, and there the spirits taught him many things. Calling Badger told the people of the things he was shown that prophesized events in the future, then he pulled out some pieces of birch bark with symbols on them. These symbols, he told the people, were to be used to write down the spirit languages, and for the Cree people to communicate among themselves. (Stevenson 20)</p></blockquote> <p>When asked whether the story was meant to be understood literally, Wes Fineday commented: "The sacred stories ... are not designed necessarily to provide answers but merely to begin to point out directions that can be taken. ... Understand that it is not the work of storytellers to bring answers to you. ... What we can do is we can tell you stories and if you listen to those stories in the sacred manner with an open heart, an open mind, open eyes and open ears, those stories will speak to you."<sup id="cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strong-2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1959, anthropologist Verne Dusenberry, while among the Plains Cree on the Rocky Boy reservation in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, was told a similar narrative by Raining Bird:<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson-2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dusenberry-1962_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dusenberry-1962-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>According to Raining Bird "the spirits came to one good man and gave him some songs. When he mastered them, they taught him how to make a type of ink and then showed him how to write on white birch bark." He also received many teachings about the spirits which he recorded in a birch bark book. When the one good man returned to his people he taught them how to read and write. "The Cree were very pleased with their new accomplishment, for by now the white men were in this country. The Cree knew that the white traders could read and write, so now they felt that they too were able to communicate among themselves just as well as did their white neighbors." (Stevenson 21)</p></blockquote> <p>Stevenson (aka Wheeler) comments that the legend is commonly known among the Cree. However, there is no known surviving physical evidence of Canadian Aboriginal syllabics before <a href="/wiki/Norway_House" title="Norway House">Norway House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strong-2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linguist Chris Harvey believes that the syllabics were a collaboration between English missionaries and Indigenous Cree- and Ojibwe-language experts, Such as the Ojibwe <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bird_Steinhauer" title="Henry Bird Steinhauer">Henry Bird Steinhauer (Sowengisik)</a> and Cree translator Sophie Mason, who worked alongside Evans at his time in Norway House.<sup id="cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strong-2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basic_principles">Basic principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Basic principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canadian "syllabic" scripts are not <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabaries</a>, in which every consonant–vowel sequence has a separate glyph,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugidas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which consonants are modified in order to indicate an associated vowel—in this case through a change in orientation (which is unique to Canadian syllabics). In Cree, for example, the consonant <i>p</i> has the shape of a chevron; in an upward orientation, ᐱ, it transcribes the syllable <i>pi</i>; inverted, so that it points downwards, ᐯ, it transcribes <i>pe</i>; pointing to the left, ᐸ, it is <i>pa,</i> and to the right, ᐳ, <i>po</i>. The consonant forms and the vowels so represented vary from language to language, but generally approximate their Cree origins.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evans_1841_Cree_script.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Evans_1841_Cree_script.jpg/330px-Evans_1841_Cree_script.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Evans_1841_Cree_script.jpg/495px-Evans_1841_Cree_script.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Evans_1841_Cree_script.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Evans' script, as published in 1841. Long vowels were indicated by breaking the characters. The length distinction was not needed in the case of <i>e,</i> as Cree has only long <i>ē.</i></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <caption>The 1840 inventory of Evans' script </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;background:linear-gradient(to top right,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0) 49%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 49.5%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 50.5%,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0) 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right">V</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left">C</div></th> <th>-e</th> <th>-ē</th> <th>-i</th> <th>-ī</th> <th>-o</th> <th>-ō</th> <th>-a</th> <th>-ā</th> <th>final</th> <th>rotation </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>(none) </th> <td>ᐁ</td> <td><b>ᐁ</b></td> <td>ᐃ</td> <td><b>ᐃ</b></td> <td>ᐅ</td> <td><b>ᐅ</b></td> <td>ᐊ</td> <td><b>ᐊ</b></td> <td></td> <td align="left">symmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>p-</b> </th> <td>ᐯ</td> <td><b>ᐯ</b></td> <td>ᐱ</td> <td><b>ᐱ</b></td> <td>ᐳ</td> <td><b>ᐳ</b></td> <td>ᐸ</td> <td><b>ᐸ</b></td> <td>ᑊ</td> <td align="left">symmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>t-</b> </th> <td>ᑌ</td> <td><b>ᑌ</b></td> <td>ᑎ</td> <td><b>ᑎ</b></td> <td>ᑐ</td> <td><b>ᑐ</b></td> <td>ᑕ</td> <td><b>ᑕ</b></td> <td>ᐟ</td> <td align="left">symmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>k-</b> </th> <td>ᑫ</td> <td><b>ᑫ</b></td> <td>ᑭ</td> <td><b>ᑭ</b></td> <td>ᑯ</td> <td><b>ᑯ</b></td> <td>ᑲ</td> <td><b>ᑲ</b></td> <td>ᐠ</td> <td align="left">asymmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>c-</b> </th> <td>ᒉ</td> <td><b>ᒉ</b></td> <td>ᒋ</td> <td><b>ᒋ</b></td> <td>ᒍ</td> <td><b>ᒍ</b></td> <td>ᒐ</td> <td><b>ᒐ</b></td> <td>ᐨ</td> <td align="left">asymmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>m-</b> </th> <td>ᒣ</td> <td><b>ᒣ</b></td> <td>ᒥ</td> <td><b>ᒥ</b></td> <td>ᒧ</td> <td><b>ᒧ</b></td> <td>ᒪ</td> <td><b>ᒪ</b></td> <td>ᒼ</td> <td align="left">asymmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>n-</b> </th> <td>ᓀ</td> <td><b>ᓀ</b></td> <td>ᓂ</td> <td><b>ᓂ</b></td> <td>ᓄ</td> <td><b>ᓄ</b></td> <td>ᓇ</td> <td><b>ᓇ</b></td> <td>ᐣ</td> <td align="left">asymmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>s-</b> </th> <td>ᓭ</td> <td><b>ᓭ</b></td> <td>ᓯ</td> <td><b>ᓯ</b></td> <td>ᓱ</td> <td><b>ᓱ</b></td> <td>ᓴ</td> <td><b>ᓴ</b></td> <td>ᐢ</td> <td align="left">asymmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>y-</b> </th> <td>ᔦ</td> <td><b>ᔦ</b></td> <td>ᔨ</td> <td><b>ᔨ</b></td> <td>ᔪ</td> <td><b>ᔪ</b></td> <td>ᔭ</td> <td><b>ᔭ</b></td> <td>ᐧ</td> <td align="left">asymmetric </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>sp-</b> </th> <td>𑪼</td> <td><b>𑪼</b></td> <td>𑪽</td> <td><b>𑪽</b></td> <td>𑪾</td> <td><b>𑪾</b></td> <td>𑪿</td> <td><b>𑪿</b></td> <td></td> <td align="left">symmetric<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>-w-</b> </th> <td colspan="8">· (after the syllable)</td> <td>ᐤ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>-h</b> </th> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td>ᐦ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>-hk</b> </th> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td>ᕽ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>-l</b> </th> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td>ᓫ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b>-r</b> </th> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td>ᕑ</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The obsolete <i>sp-</i> series were included in Unicode 14 (released September 2021), and, as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it may still have limited support.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Because the script is presented in syllabic charts and learned as a syllabary, it is often considered to be such. Indeed, computer fonts have separate coding points for each syllable (each orientation of each consonant), and the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> considers syllabics to be a "featural syllabary" along with such scripts as <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>, where each block represents a syllable, but consonants and vowels are indicated independently (in Cree syllabics, the consonant by the shape of a glyph, and the vowel by its orientation). This is unlike a true syllabary, where each combination of consonant and vowel has an independent form that is unrelated to other syllables with the same consonant or vowel.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllabic_and_final_consonant_forms">Syllabic and final consonant forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Syllabic and final consonant forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original script, which was designed for Western Swampy Cree, had ten such letterforms: eight for syllables based on the consonants <i>p-</i>, <i>t-</i>, <i>c-</i>, <i>k-</i>, <i>m-</i>, <i>n-</i>, <i>s-</i>, <i>y-</i> (pronounced /p, t, ts, k, m, n, s, j/), another for <a href="/wiki/Zero_consonant" title="Zero consonant">vowel-initial syllables</a>, and finally a blended form, now obsolete, for the consonant cluster <i>sp-</i>. In the 1840 version, all were written with a light line to show the vowel was short and a heavier line to show the vowel was long: ᑲ <i>ka</i>, <b>ᑲ</b> <i>kâ</i>; however, in the 1841 version, a light line indicated <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">minuscules</a> ("lowercase") and a heavier line indicated <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">majuscules</a> ("uppercase"): ᑲ <i>ka</i>, <b>ᑲ</b> <i>KA</i> or <i>Ka</i>; additionally in the 1841 version, an unbroken letterform indicated a short vowel, but for a long vowel, Evans notched the face of the <a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">type sorts</a>, such that in print the letterform was broken. A handwritten variant using an <a href="/wiki/Overdot" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdot">overdot</a> to indicate a long vowel is now used in printing as well: ᑕ <i>ta</i>, ᑖ <i>tâ</i>. One consonant, <i>w</i>, had no letterform of its own but was indicated by a diacritic on another syllable; this is because it could combine with any of the consonants, as in ᑿ <i>kwa</i>, as well as existing on its own, as in ᐘ <i>wa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were distinct letters for the nine consonants <i>-p</i>, <i>-t</i>, <i>-c</i>, <i>-k</i>, <i>-m</i>, <i>-n</i>, <i>-s</i>, <i>-y</i>, and <i>w</i> when they occurred at the end of a syllable. In addition, four "final" consonants had no syllabic forms: <i>-h</i>, <i>-l</i>, <i>-r</i>, and the sequence <i>-hk</i>. These were originally written midline, but are now superscripted. (The glyph for <i>-hk</i> represents the most common final sequence of the language, being a common grammatical ending in Cree, and was used for common <i>-nk</i> in Ojibwe.) The consonants <i>-l</i> and <i>-r</i> were marginal, only found in borrowings, baby talk, and the like. These, and <i>-h</i>, could occur before vowels, but were written with the final shape regardless. (<i>-l</i> and <i>-r</i> are now written the size of full letters when they occur before vowels, as the finals were originally, or in some syllabics scripts have been replaced with full rotating syllabic forms; <i>-h</i> only occurs before a vowel in joined morphemes, in couple grammatical words, or in pedagogical materials to indicate the consonant value following it is <a href="/wiki/Fortis_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortis (linguistics)">fortis</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowel_transformations">Vowel transformations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vowel transformations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG/220px-Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG/330px-Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG/440px-Ojibwe-Syllabics-Centennial-park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>The orientation of a perfectly symmetrical vowel triangle may be difficult to discern. In the type of this Ojibwe sign, left-pointing <i>a</i> is almost a right-angled triangle, while upright <i>i</i> has a more acute angle.</figcaption></figure> <p>The vowels fall into two sets, the <a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">back vowels</a> <i>-a</i> and <i>-u,</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front vowels</a> <i>-e</i> and <i>-i.</i> Each set consists of a <a href="/wiki/Vowel_height" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowel height">lower vowel</a>, <i>-a</i> or <i>-e,</i> and a higher vowel, <i>-u</i> or <i>-i.</i> In all cases, back-vowel syllables are related through left-right reflection: that is, they are mirror images of each other. How they relate to front-vowel syllables depends on the graphic form of the consonants. These follow two patterns. Symmetrical,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>vowel, p-, t-, sp-,</i> are rotated 90 degrees (a quarter turn) counter-clockwise, while those that are asymmetrical top-to-bottom, <i>c-, k-, m-, n-, s-, y-,</i> are rotated 180 degrees (a half turn). The lower front-vowel (<i>-e</i>) syllables are derived this way from the low back-vowel (<i>a</i>) syllables, and the high front-vowel (<i>-i</i>) syllables are derived this way from the higher back-vowel (<i>-u</i>) syllables.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symmetrical letter forms can be illustrated by arranging them into a diamond: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td>ᐃ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>i</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ᐱ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>bi/pi</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ᑎ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ti/di</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᐊ</td> <td></td> <td>ᐅ</td> <td></td> <td>a</td> <td></td> <td>o</td> <td>  </td> <td>ᐸ</td> <td></td> <td>ᐳ</td> <td></td> <td>ba/pa</td> <td></td> <td>bo/po</td> <td>  </td> <td>ᑕ</td> <td></td> <td>ᑐ</td> <td></td> <td>ta/da</td> <td></td> <td>to/do </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᐁ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>e</td> <td></td> <td>  </td> <td></td> <td>ᐯ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>be/pe</td> <td></td> <td>  </td> <td></td> <td>ᑌ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>te/de</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>And the asymmetrical letter forms can be illustrated by arranging them into a square: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>ᑭ</td> <td>ᑫ</td> <td></td> <td>gi/ki</td> <td>ge/ke</td> <td>  </td> <td>ᒋ</td> <td>ᒉ</td> <td></td> <td>ji/ci</td> <td>je/ce</td> <td> </td> <td>ᒥ</td> <td>ᒣ</td> <td></td> <td>mi</td> <td>me</td> <td> </td> <td>ᓂ</td> <td>ᓀ</td> <td></td> <td>ni</td> <td>ne</td> <td> </td> <td>ᓯ</td> <td>ᓭ</td> <td></td> <td>si</td> <td>se</td> <td> </td> <td>ᔨ</td> <td>ᔦ</td> <td></td> <td>yi</td> <td>ye</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᑲ</td> <td>ᑯ</td> <td></td> <td>ga/ka</td> <td>go/ko</td> <td> </td> <td>ᒐ</td> <td>ᒍ</td> <td></td> <td>ja/ca</td> <td>jo/co</td> <td> </td> <td>ᒪ</td> <td>ᒧ</td> <td></td> <td>ma</td> <td>mo</td> <td> </td> <td>ᓇ</td> <td>ᓄ</td> <td></td> <td>na</td> <td>no</td> <td> </td> <td>ᓴ</td> <td>ᓱ</td> <td></td> <td>sa</td> <td>so</td> <td> </td> <td>ᔭ</td> <td>ᔪ</td> <td></td> <td>ya</td> <td>yo</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>These forms are present in most syllabics scripts with sounds values that approach their Swampy Cree origins. For example, all scripts except the one for Blackfoot use the triangle for vowel-initial syllables. </p><p>By 1841, when Evans cast the first movable type for syllabics, he found that he could not satisfactorily maintain the distinction between light and heavy typeface for short and long vowels. He instead filed across the raised lines of the type, leaving gaps in the printed letter for long vowels. This can be seen in early printings. Later still a dot diacritic, originally used for vowel length only in handwriting, was extended to print: Thus today ᐊ <i>a</i> contrasts with ᐋ <i>â,</i> and ᒥ <i>mi</i> contrasts with ᒦ <i>mî</i>. Although Cree <i>ê</i> only occurs long, the script made length distinctions for all four vowels. Not all writers then or now indicate length, or do not do so consistently; since there is no contrast, no one today writes <i>ê</i> as a long vowel.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pointing">Pointing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pointing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reflecting the shorthand principles on which it was based, syllabics may be written <i>plain</i>, indicating only the basic consonant–vowel outline of speech, or <i>pointed</i>, with diacritics for vowel length and the consonants <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>. Full phonemic pointing is rare. Syllabics may also be written without <a href="/wiki/Word_divider" title="Word divider">word division</a>, as Devanagari once was, or with spaces or dots between words or prefixes.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only punctuation found in many texts is spacing between words and ᙮ for a full stop. Punctuation from the Latin script, including the period (.), may also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the final <i>c</i> resembling a hyphen, a <a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨᐀⟩</span> is used as the Canadian Aboriginal syllabics hyphen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glossary">Glossary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Glossary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some common terms as used in the context of syllabics </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Syllables",_or_full-size_letters"><span id=".22Syllables.22.2C_or_full-size_letters"></span>"Syllables", or full-size letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: "Syllables", or full-size letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full-sized characters, whether standing for consonant-vowel combinations or vowels alone, are usually called "syllables". They may be <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Morphophonemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphophonemic">morphophonemic</a> syllables. That is, when one <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morpheme</a> (word element) ends in a consonant and the next begins with a vowel, the intermediate consonant is written as a syllable with the following vowel. For example, the Plains Cree word <span title="Plains Cree-language romanization"><i lang="crk-Latn">pīhc-āyi-hk</i></span> "indoors" has <span title="Naskapi-language romanization"><i lang="nsk-Latn">pīhc</i></span> as its first morpheme, and <i>āyi</i> as its second, but is written ᐲᐦᒑᔨᕽ <span title="Plains Cree-language romanization"><i lang="crk-Latn">pīh-cā-yihk.</i></span> </p><p>In other cases, a "syllable" may in fact represent only a consonant, again due to the underlying structure of the language. In Plains Cree, ᑖᓂᓯ <span title="Plains Cree-language romanization"><i lang="crk-Latn">tānisi</i></span> "hello" or "how are you?" is written as if it had three syllables. Because the first syllable has the stress and the syllable that follows has a short <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span>, the vowel is dropped. As a result, the word is pronounced "tānsi" with only two syllables. </p><p>Syllabication is important to determining stress in Algonquian languages, and vice versa, so this ambiguity in syllabics is relatively important in Algonquian languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Series">Series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png/220px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png/330px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png/440px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94SH-series_variations.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption>Presentations style variations of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics SH-series in commonly available typefaces.</figcaption></figure> <p>The word "series" is used for either a set of syllables with the same vowel, or a set with the same initial consonant. Thus the n-series is the set of syllables that begin with <i>n,</i> and the o-series is the set of syllables that have <i>o</i> as their vowel regardless of their initial consonant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Finals",_or_reduced_letters"><span id=".22Finals.22.2C_or_reduced_letters"></span>"Finals", or reduced letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "Finals", or reduced letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of small raised letters are called "finals". They are usually placed after a syllable to indicate a final consonant, as the ᕽ <i>-hk</i> in ᔨᕽ <span title="Plains Cree-language romanization"><i lang="crk-Latn">yihk</i></span> above. However, the Cree consonant <i>h,</i> which only has a final form, begins a small number of function words such as ᐦᐋᐤ <i>hāw.</i> In such cases the "final" ᐦ represents an <i>initial</i> consonant and therefore precedes the syllable. </p><p>The use of diacritics to write consonants is unusual in abugidas. However, it also occurs (independently) in the <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha script</a>. </p><p>Finals are commonly employed in the extension of syllabics to languages it was not initially designed for. In some of the Athabaskan alphabets, finals have been extended to appear at mid height after a syllable, lowered after a syllable, and at mid height before a syllable. For example, Chipewyan and Slavey use the final ᐟ in the latter position to indicate the initial consonant <i>dl</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɬ/</span>). </p><p>In Naskapi, a small raised letter based on <i>sa</i> is used for <a href="/wiki/Consonant_cluster" title="Consonant cluster">consonant clusters</a> that begin with /s/: ᔌ <span title="Naskapi-language romanization"><i lang="nsk-Latn">spwa,</i></span> ᔍ <span title="Naskapi-language romanization"><i lang="nsk-Latn">stwa,</i></span> ᔎ <span title="Naskapi-language romanization"><i lang="nsk-Latn">skwa,</i></span> and ᔏ <span title="Naskapi-language romanization"><i lang="nsk-Latn">scwa.</i></span> The Cree languages the script was initially designed for had no such clusters. </p><p>In Inuktitut, something similar is used not to indicate sequences, but to represent additional consonants, rather as the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> <i>ch, sh, th</i> were used to extend the Latin letters <i>c, s, t</i> to represent additional consonants in English. In Inuktitut, a raised <i>na-ga</i> is placed before the <i>g-</i> series, ᖏ ᖑ ᖓ, to form an <i>ng-</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>) series, and a raised <i>ra</i> (uvular <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span>) is placed before syllables of the <i>k-</i> series, ᕿ ᖁ ᖃ, to form a uvular <i>q-</i> series. </p><p>Although the forms of these series have two parts, each is encoded into the Unicode standard as a single character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacritics">Diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other marks placed above or beside the syllable are called "<a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>". These include the dot placed above a syllable to mark a long vowel, as in ᒦ <i>mî,</i> and the dot placed at mid height after the syllable (in western Cree dialects) or before the syllable (in eastern Cree dialects) to indicate a medial <i>w,</i> as in ᑿ <i>kwa.</i> These are all encoded as single characters in Unicode. </p><p>Diacritics used by other languages include a ring above on Moose Cree ᑬ <i>kay</i> (encoded as "kaai"), head ring on Ojibwe ᕓ <i>fe</i>, head barb on Inuktitut ᖤ <i>lha</i>, tail barb on West Cree ᖌ <i>ro</i>, centred stroke (a small vertical bar) in Carrier ᗇ <i>ghee</i>, centred dot in Carrier ᗈ <i>ghi</i>, centred bar (a bar perpendicular to the body) in Cree ᖨ <i>thi</i>, and a variety of other marks. Such diacritics may or may not be separately encoded into Unicode. There is no systematic way to distinguish elements that are parts of syllables from diacritics, or diacritics from finals, and academic discussions of syllabics are often inconsistent in their terminology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Points_and_pointing">Points and pointing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Points and pointing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diacritic mark used to indicate vowel length is often referred to as a "point". Syllabics users do not always consistently mark vowel length, <i>w,</i> or <i>h.</i> A text with these marked is called a "pointed" text; one without such marks is said to be "unpointed". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllabaries_and_syllabics">Syllabaries and syllabics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Syllabaries and syllabics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>syllabary</i> has two meanings: a writing system with a separate character for each syllable, but also a table of syllables, including any script arranged in a syllabic chart. Evans' Latin Ojibwe alphabet, for example, was presented as a syllabary. Canadian Aboriginal <i>syllabics</i>, the script itself, is thus distinct from a syllabary (syllabic chart) that displays them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_and_Square">Round and Square</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Round and Square"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg/220px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg/330px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg/440px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics%E2%80%94Round-form_and_Square-form.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics—Round form and Square form comparison</figcaption></figure> <p>While Greek, Latin, and Cyrillic have <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> forms, Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics generally do not. Instead, like <a href="/wiki/Typeface#Proportion" title="Typeface">proportional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced fonts</a>, Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics have a round form and a square form. Round form, known in Cree as <span title="Cree-language text"><i lang="cr-Latn">Kâ-wâwiyêyaki</i></span>, is akin to a proportional font, characterised by their smooth bowls, differing letter heights, and occupying a rectangular space. Round form syllabics are more commonly found east of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipeg" title="Lake Winnipeg">Lake Winnipeg</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Square form, known in Cree as <span title="Cree-language text"><i lang="cr-Latn">Kâ-ayisawêyaki</i></span>, is akin to a monospace font, characterised by their cornered bowls, same letter heights, and occupying a square space. Square form syllabics are more commonly found west of Lake Winnipeg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syllabic_alphabets">Syllabic alphabets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Syllabic alphabets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The inventory, form, and orthography of the script vary among all the Cree communities which use it. However, it was further modified to create specific alphabets for other <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>, as well as for <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>, which have significant phonological differences from Cree. There are two major variants of the script, Central Algonquian and Inuktitut. In addition, derivative scripts for <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan" class="mw-redirect" title="Athabaskan">Athabaskan</a> inherit at least some principals and letter forms from the Central Algonquian alphabet, though in Blackfoot most of the letters have been replaced with modified Latin. Each reflects a historical expansion of the writing system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Algonquian">Central Algonquian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Central Algonquian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Western_Cree_syllabics" title="Western Cree syllabics">Western Cree syllabics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cree_syllabics" title="Eastern Cree syllabics">Eastern Cree syllabics</a></div> <p>Cree and Ojibwe were the languages for which syllabics were designed, and they are the closest to the original pattern described by James Evans. The dialects differ slightly in their consonants, but where they share a sound, they generally use the same letter for it. Where they do not, a new letter was created, often by modifying another. In several Cree dialects <i>ê</i> has merged with the <i>î</i>, and these use only three of the four vowel orientations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_and_western_syllabics">Eastern and western syllabics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Eastern and western syllabics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When syllabics spread to Ojibwe and to those Cree dialects east of the Manitoba–Ontario border, a few changes occurred. For one, the diacritic used to mark non-final <i>w</i> moved from its position after the syllable to before it; thus western Cree <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒷ⟩</span> is equivalent to the eastern Cree <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒶ⟩</span> – both are pronounced <i>mwa.</i> Secondly, the special final forms of the consonants were replaced with superscript variants of the corresponding <i>a</i> series in Moose Cree and Moose Cree influenced areas, so that <span class="nowrap">⟨ᐊᒃ⟩</span> is <i>ak</i> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓴᑉ⟩</span> <i>sap</i> (graphically "a<sup>ka</sup>" and "sa<sup>pa</sup>"), rather than <span class="nowrap">⟨ᐊᐠ⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓴᑊ⟩</span>; among some of the Ojibwe communities superscript variants of the corresponding <i>i</i> series are found, especially in handwritten documents. Cree dialects of the western provinces preserve the Pitman-derived finals of the original script, though final <i>y</i> has become the more salient <span class="nowrap">⟨ᐩ⟩</span>, to avoid confusion with the various dot diacritics. Additional consonant series are more pervasive in the east. </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Finals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:4em;">  </th> <th style="width:4em;">West </th> <th style="width:4em;">West (Fort Severn) </th> <th style="width:4em;">West (Island Lake) </th> <th style="width:4em;">West (Sandy Lake) </th> <th style="width:4em;">East (A-finals) </th> <th style="width:4em;">East (I-finals) </th></tr> <tr> <th>' </th> <td>ᐦ </td> <td>ᐦ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ᐦ, ᐞ </td> <td>ᐞ </td></tr> <tr> <th>p </th> <td>ᑊ </td> <td>ᑊ </td> <td>ᑊ </td> <td>ᐦ </td> <td>ᑉ </td> <td>ᣔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>t </th> <td>ᐟ </td> <td>ᐟ </td> <td>ᐟ </td> <td>ᐟ </td> <td>ᑦ </td> <td>ᣕ </td></tr> <tr> <th>k </th> <td>ᐠ </td> <td>ᐠ </td> <td>ᐠ </td> <td>ᐩ, ᕽ </td> <td>ᒃ </td> <td>ᣖ </td></tr> <tr> <th>c </th> <td>ᐨ </td> <td>ᐨ </td> <td>ᐨ </td> <td>ᐨ </td> <td>ᒡ </td> <td>ᣗ </td></tr> <tr> <th>m </th> <td>ᒼ </td> <td>ᒼ </td> <td>ᒼ </td> <td>ᒼ </td> <td>ᒻ </td> <td>ᣘ </td></tr> <tr> <th>n </th> <td>ᐣ </td> <td>ᐣ </td> <td>ᐣ </td> <td>ᐣ </td> <td>ᓐ </td> <td>ᣙ </td></tr> <tr> <th>s </th> <td>ᐢ </td> <td>ᐢ </td> <td>ᐢ </td> <td>ᐢ </td> <td>ᔅ </td> <td>ᣚ </td></tr> <tr> <th>š </th> <td>ᐡ </td> <td>ᐡ </td> <td>ᐢ </td> <td>ᐢ </td> <td>ᔥ </td> <td>ᔆ, <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);">ᔥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>y </th> <td>ᐩ, ᣟ, ᐝ </td> <td>ᐩ </td> <td>ᣟ </td> <td>ᣟ </td> <td>ᔾ, <sup>ᐤ</sup> </td> <td><sup>ᐤ</sup>, ᐃ </td></tr> <tr> <th>l </th> <td>ᓫ, ᔆ </td> <td>ᐪ </td> <td>ᓫ </td> <td>ᓫ </td> <td>ᓪ </td> <td>ᓫ </td></tr> <tr> <th>r </th> <td>ᕑ, ᙆ </td> <td><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);">ᔆ</span> </td> <td>ᕑ </td> <td>ᕑ </td> <td>ᕐ </td> <td>ᕑ </td></tr> <tr> <th>w </th> <td>ᐤ, <sup>ᐤ</sup> </td> <td>ᐤ </td> <td>ᐤ </td> <td><sup>ᐤ</sup> </td> <td>ᐤ </td> <td>ᐤ, ᣜ </td></tr> <tr> <th>h </th> <td>ᐦ </td> <td>ᐦ </td> <td>ᐦ </td> <td> </td> <td>ᐦ </td> <td>ᐦ </td></tr> <tr> <th>f </th> <td>(ᕝ) </td> <td>(ᕝ) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(ᕝ) </td> <td>(ᕝ) </td></tr> <tr> <th>th </th> <td>ᙾ [ð] </td> <td>(ᕪ) [θ] </td> <td>ᐟᐦ [θ] </td> <td> </td> <td>(ᕪ) [θ] </td> <td>(ᕪ) [θ] </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Additional_consonant_series">Additional consonant series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Additional consonant series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few western charts show full <i>l-</i> and <i>r-</i> series, used principally for loan words. In a Roman Catholic variant, <i>r-</i> is a normal asymmetric form, derived by adding a stroke to <i>c-,</i> but <i>l-</i> shows an irregular pattern: Despite being asymmetrical, the forms are rotated only 90°, and <i>li</i> is a mirror image of what would be expected; it is neither an inversion nor a reflection of <i>le,</i> as in the other series, but rather a 180° rotation. </p> <dl><dd><i>Some western additions</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>ᖋ</td> <td>ᖊ</td> <td></td> <td>ri</td> <td>re</td> <td></td> <td>(final ᙆ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᖍ</td> <td>ᖌ</td> <td></td> <td>ra</td> <td>ro</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><i>ᕆ</i></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>li</i></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ᕍ</b></td> <td></td> <td>ᕊ</td> <td></td> <td><b>la</b></td> <td></td> <td>lo</td> <td> </td> <td>(final ᔆ) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᕃ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>le</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Series were added for <i>l-, r-, sh- (š-)</i> and <i>f-</i> in most eastern Cree dialects. <i>R-</i> is an inversion of the form of western <i>l-,</i> but now it is <i>re</i> that has the unexpected orientation. <i>L-</i> and <i>f-</i> are regular asymmetric and symmetric forms; although <i>f-</i> is actually asymmetric in form, it is derived from <i>p-</i> and therefore rotates 90° as <i>p-</i> does. Here is where the two algorithms to derive vowel orientations, which are equivalent for the symmetrical forms of the original script, come to differ: For the ᕙ <i>f-</i> series, as well as a rare ᕦ <i>th-</i> series derived from ᑕ <i>t-,</i> vowels of like height are derived via counter-clockwise rotation; however, an eastern <i>sh-</i> series, which perhaps not coincidentally resembles a Latin <i>s,</i> is rotated <i>clockwise</i> with the opposite vowel derivations: high <i>-i</i> from low <i>-a</i> and lower (<a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">mid</a>) <i>-e</i> from higher (mid) <i>-o.</i> The obsolete <i>sp-</i> series shows this to be the original design of the script, but Inuktitut, perhaps generalizing from the ᕙ series, which originated as ᐸ plus a circle at the start of the stroke used to write the letters, but as an independent form must be rotated in the opposite (counter-clockwise) direction, is consistently counter-clockwise. (The eastern Cree <i>r-</i> series can be seen as both of these algorithms applied to <i>ro</i> (bold), whereas western Cree <i>l-</i> can be seen as both applied to <i>la</i> (bold).) </p> <dl><dd><i>Some eastern additions</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>ᓕ</td> <td>ᓓ</td> <td></td> <td>li</td> <td>le </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᓚ</td> <td>ᓗ</td> <td></td> <td>la</td> <td>lo </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td>ᕆ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ri</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ᔑ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ši</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ᕕ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>fi</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ᕠ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>thi (θi)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᕋ</td> <td></td> <td><b>ᕈ</b></td> <td></td> <td>ra</td> <td></td> <td><b>ro</b></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ᔕ</td> <td></td> <td>ᔓ</td> <td></td> <td>ša</td> <td></td> <td>šo</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ᕙ</td> <td></td> <td>ᕗ</td> <td></td> <td>fa</td> <td></td> <td>fo</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ᕦ</td> <td></td> <td>ᕤ</td> <td></td> <td>tha (θa)</td> <td></td> <td>tho (θo)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i>ᕃ</i></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>re</i></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ᔐ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>še</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ᕓ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>fe</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ᕞ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>the (θe)</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>There are minor variants within both eastern and western Cree. Woods Cree, for example, uses western Cree conventions, but has lost the <i>e</i> series, and has an additional consonant series, <span class="nowrap">⟨ᙾ⟩</span> <i>th- (ð-),</i> which is a barred form of the <i>y-</i> series. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>ᖨ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>thi (ði)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᖬ</td> <td>ᖪ</td> <td></td> <td>tha (ða)</td> <td>tho (ðo) </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Moose Cree, which uses eastern Cree conventions, has an <i>-sk</i> final that is composed of <i>-s</i> and <i>-k,</i> as in ᐊᒥᔉ <span title="Moose Cree-language romanization"><i lang="crm-Latn">amisk</i></span> "beaver", and final <i>-y</i> is written with a superscript ring, <span class="nowrap">⟨°⟩</span>, rather than a superscript <i>ya,</i> which preserves, in a more salient form, the distinct final form otherwise found only in the west: ᐋᣁ<i>āshay</i> "now". </p><p>The Eastern Cree dialect has distinct <a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">labialized</a> finals, <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒄ⟩</span> <i>-kw</i> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒽ⟩</span> <i>-mw</i>; these are written with raised versions of the o-series rather than the usual a-series, as in ᒥᔅᑎᒄ <span title="Southern East Cree-language romanization"><i lang="crj-Latn">mistikw</i></span> "tree". This is motivated by the fact that the vowel <i>o</i> labializes the preceding consonant. </p><p>Although in most respects <a href="/wiki/Naskapi" title="Naskapi">Naskapi</a> follows eastern Cree conventions, it does not mark vowel length at all and uses two dots, either placed above or before a syllable, to indicate a <i>w</i>: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᐛ⟩</span> <i>wa,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᐖ⟩</span> <i>wo,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᑥ⟩</span> <i>twa,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒂ⟩</span> <i>kwa,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒠ⟩</span> <i>cwa</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tswa/</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒺ⟩</span> <i>mwa,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓏ⟩</span> <i>nwa,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᔄ⟩</span> <i>swa,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᔽ⟩</span> <i>ywa.</i> Since Naskapi <i>s-</i> consonant clusters are all labialized, <i>sCw-,</i> these also have the two dots: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᔌ⟩</span> <i>spwa, etc.</i> There is also a labialized final sequence, <span class="nowrap">⟨ᔊ⟩</span> <i>-skw,</i> which is a raised <i>so-ko.</i> </p><p>See also: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_syllabics" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oji-Cree_language" title="Oji-Cree language">Oji-Cree language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Inuktitut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a></div> <p>The eastern form of Cree syllabics was adapted to write the <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> dialects of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> (except for the extreme west, including <a href="/wiki/Kugluktuk,_Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kugluktuk, Nunavut">Kugluktuk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Bay,_Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Bay, Nunavut">Cambridge Bay</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Unicode 14.0 added support for the <a href="/wiki/Natsilingmiutut" title="Natsilingmiutut">Natsilingmiutut</a> language of Western Nunavut.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other Inuit areas, various Latin alphabets are used. </p><p>Inuktitut has only three vowels, and thus only needs the <i>a-, i-,</i> and <i>o</i>-series of Cree, the latter used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span>. The <i>e</i>-series was originally used for the common <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ai/</span>, but this was officially dropped in the 1960s so that Inuktitut would not have more characters than could be moulded onto an <a href="/wiki/IBM_Selectric_typewriter" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Selectric typewriter">IBM Selectric typewriter</a> ball, with <i>-ai</i> written as an <i>a</i>-series syllable followed by <span class="nowrap">⟨ᐃ⟩</span> <i>i.</i> Recently the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Tapiriit_Kanatami" title="Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami">Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami</a> decided to restore the ai-series, and the <a href="/wiki/Makivik_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Makivik Corporation">Makivik Corporation</a> has adopted this use in <a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a>; it has not been restored in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. </p><p>Inuktitut has more consonants than Cree, fifteen in its standardised form. As Inuktitut has no <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ts/</span>, the <i>c</i> series has been reassigned to the value <i>g</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ/</span>). The <i>y</i> series is used for either <i>y-</i> or <i>j-,</i> since the difference is one of dialect; similarly with the <i>s</i> series, which stands for either <i>s-</i> or <i>h-</i>, depending on the dialect. The eastern Cree <i>l</i> series is used: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓚ⟩</span> <i>la,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓗ⟩</span> <i>lu,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓕ⟩</span> <i>li,</i> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓓ⟩</span> <i>lai;</i> a stroke is added to these to derive the voiceless <i>lh</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span>) series: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖤ⟩</span> <i>lha, etc.</i> The eastern Cree <i>f</i> series is used for Inuktitut <i>v-</i>: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᕙ⟩</span> <i>va, etc.</i> The eastern Cree <i>r</i> series is used for the very different Inuktitut sound, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɢ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ/</span>, which is also spelled <i>r</i>. However, this has been regularized in form, with vowels of like height consistently derived through counter-clockwise rotation, and therefore <i>rai</i> the inversion of <i>ri</i>: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td>ᕆ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ri</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᕋ</td> <td></td> <td>ᕈ</td> <td></td> <td>ra</td> <td></td> <td>ru </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᕂ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>rai</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The remaining sounds are written with <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a>. A raised <i>ra</i> is prefixed to the k-series to create a digraph for <i>q</i>: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖃ⟩</span> <i>qa, etc.</i>; the final is <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖅ⟩</span> <i>-q.</i> A raised <i>na-ga</i> is prefixed to the g-series to create an <i>ng</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>) series: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖓ⟩</span> <i>nga, etc.,</i> and the <i>na</i> is doubled for geminate <i>nng</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋː/</span>): <span class="nowrap">⟨ᙵ⟩</span> <i>nnga.</i> The finals are <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖕ⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖖ⟩</span>. </p><p>In Nunavut, the <i>h</i> final has been replaced with Roman <span class="nowrap">⟨ᕼ⟩</span>, which does not rotate, but in Nunavik a new series is derived by adding a stroke to the k-series: <span class="nowrap">⟨ᕹ⟩</span> <i>ha, etc.</i> </p><p>In the early years, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> missionaries used slightly different forms of syllabics for Inuktitut. In modern times, however, these differences have disappeared. Dialectal variation across the syllabics-using part of the Inuit world has promoted an implicit diversity in spelling, but for the most part this has not had any impact on syllabics itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derived_scripts">Derived scripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Derived scripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least two scripts derive from Cree syllabics, and share its principles, but have fundamentally different letter shapes or sound values. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blackfoot">Blackfoot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Blackfoot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_System" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot syllabics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg/220px-Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg/330px-Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg/440px-Blackfoot_Text_with_Syllabics_and_Latin_Orthography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>A Blackfoot language text with both the syllabics and the Latin orthography</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a>, another Algonquian language, uses a syllabary developed in the 1880s that is quite different from the Cree and Inuktitut versions. Although borrowing from Cree the ideas of rotated and mirrored glyphs with final variants, most of the letter forms derive from the Latin script, with only some resembling Cree letters. Blackfoot has eight initial consonants, only two of which are identical in form to their Cree equivalents, <span class="nowrap">⟨ᓯ⟩</span> <i>se</i> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ᔨ⟩</span> <i>ye</i> (here only the vowels have changed). The other consonants were created by modifying letters of the Latin script to make the <i>e</i> series, or in three cases by taking Cree letters but reassigning them with new sound values according to which Latin letters they resembled. These are <span class="nowrap">⟨ᑭ⟩</span> <i>pe</i> (from <span class="nowrap">⟨P⟩</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒥ⟩</span> <i>te</i> (from <span class="nowrap">⟨T⟩</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖼ⟩</span> <i>ke</i> (from <span class="nowrap">⟨K⟩</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨ᒋ⟩</span> <i>me</i> (from <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖸ⟩</span> <i>ne</i> (from <span class="nowrap">⟨N⟩</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨ᖴ⟩</span> <i>we</i> (from <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">Ϝ</a>⟩</span>). There are also a number of distinct final forms. The four vowel positions are used for the three vowels and one of the diphthongs of Blackfoot. The script is largely obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carrier_and_other_Athabaskan">Carrier and other Athabaskan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Carrier and other Athabaskan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Carrier syllabics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrierprayerbook.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Carrierprayerbook.png/220px-Carrierprayerbook.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Carrierprayerbook.png/330px-Carrierprayerbook.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Carrierprayerbook.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>A page from a prayer book written in the <a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Carrier syllabics</a>, an Athabascan adaptation of Canadian Aboriginal syllabic writing</figcaption></figure> <p>Athabaskan syllabic scripts were developed in the late 19th century by French Roman Catholic missionaries, who adapted this originally Protestant writing system to languages radically different from the Algonquian languages. Most <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan languages</a> have more than four distinct vowels, and all have many more distinct consonants than Cree. This has meant the invention of a number of new consonant forms. Whereas most Athabaskan scripts, such as those for <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a>, bear a reasonably close resemblance to Cree syllabics, the <a href="/wiki/Carrier_language" title="Carrier language">Carrier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dakelh" title="Dakelh">Dakelh</a>) variant is highly divergent, and only one series – the series for vowels alone – resembles the original Cree form. </p><p>To accommodate six distinctive vowels, Dakelh supplements the four vowel orientations with a dot and a horizontal line in the rightward pointing forms: ᐊ <i>a</i>, ᐅ <i>ʌ</i>, ᐈ <i>e</i>, ᐉ <i>i</i>, ᐃ <i>o</i>, and ᐁ <i>u</i>. </p><p>One of the Chipewyan scripts is more faithful to western Cree. (<a href="/wiki/Sayisi_Dene" title="Sayisi Dene">Sayisi Chipewyan</a> is substantially more divergent.) It has the nine forms plus the western <i>l</i> and <i>r</i> series, though the rotation of the <i>l-</i> series has been made consistently counter-clockwise. The <i>k-</i> and <i>n-</i> series are more angular than in Cree: <i>ki</i> resembles Latin "P". The <i>c</i> series has been reassigned to <i>dh</i>. There are additional series: a regular <i>ch</i> series (ᗴ <i>cha</i>, ᗯ <i>che</i>, ᗰ <i>chi</i>, ᗱ <i>cho</i>), graphically a doubled <i>t</i>; and an irregular <i>z</i> series, where <i>ze</i> is derived by counter-clockwise rotation of <i>za</i>, but <i>zi</i> by clockwise rotation of <i>zo</i>: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td>ᘛ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>zi</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᘔ</td> <td></td> <td>ᘕ</td> <td></td> <td>za</td> <td></td> <td>zo</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᘚ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ze</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Other series are formed from <i>dh</i> or <i>t</i>. A mid-line final Cree <i>t</i> preceding <i>dh</i> forms <i>th,</i> a raised Cree final <i>p</i> following <i>t</i> forms <i>tt,</i> a stroke inside <i>t</i> forms <i>tth</i> (ᕮ <i>ttha</i>), and a small <i>t</i> inside <i>t</i> forms <i>ty</i> (ᕳ <i>tya</i>). Nasal vowels are indicated by a following Cree final <i>k.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollard_script">Pollard script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Pollard script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Pollard script</a></div> <p>The Pollard script, also known as Pollard Miao is an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> invented by Methodist missionary Samuel Pollard. Pollard credited the basic idea of the script to the Cree syllabics, saying, "While working out the problem, we remembered the case of the syllabics used by a Methodist missionary among the Indians of North America, and resolved to do as he had done".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_usage">Current usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Current usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tummivut_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tummivut_Building.jpg/220px-Tummivut_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tummivut_Building.jpg/330px-Tummivut_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tummivut_Building.jpg/440px-Tummivut_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Syllabics is a co-official script in the territory of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and is used by the territorial government, as here.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At present, Canadian syllabics seems reasonably secure within the Cree, Oji-Cree, and Inuit communities. They appear somewhat more at risk among the Ojibwe, and seriously endangered for Athabaskan languages and Blackfoot. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a>, Inuktitut syllabics have official status. In Nunavut, laws, legislative debates and many other government documents must be published in Inuktitut in both syllabics and the Latin script. The rapid growth in the scope and quantity of material published in syllabics has, by all appearances, ended any immediate prospect of marginalisation for this writing system. </p><p>Within the Cree and Ojibwe language communities, the situation is less confident. </p><p>Cree syllabics use is vigorous in most communities where it has taken root. In many dialect areas, there are now standardised syllabics spellings. Nonetheless, there are now linguistically adequate standardised Roman writing systems for most if not all dialects. </p><p>Ojibwe speakers in the U.S. have never been heavy users of either Canadian Aboriginal syllabics or the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Aboriginal_syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes Aboriginal syllabics">Great Lakes Aboriginal syllabics</a> and have now essentially ceased to use either of them at all. The "double vowel" Roman orthography developed by Charles Fiero and further developed by John Nichols is increasingly the standard in the U.S. and is beginning to penetrate into Canada, in part to prevent further atomisation of what is already a minority language. Nonetheless, Ojibwe syllabics are still in vigorous use in some parts of Canada. </p><p>Use in other communities is moribund. </p><p>Blackfoot syllabics have, for all intents and purposes, disappeared. Present day Blackfoot speakers use a Latin alphabet, and very few Blackfoot can still read—much less write—the syllabic system. </p><p>Among the Athabaskan languages, syllabics are still in use among the Yellowknives Dene in Yellowknife, Dettah, and Ndılǫ, Northwest Territories. Recently, two major reference works on the Tetsǫ́t'ıné language were published by the Alaska Native Language Center, using syllabics: a verb grammar<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a dictionary.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syllabics are also still in use at Saint Kateri Tekakwitha Church in Dettah, where they use a revised version of the 1904 hymnbook.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young people learn syllabics both in school as well as through culture camps organized by the Language, Culture, and History Department. </p><p>No other Athabaskan version of the syllabics is known to be in vigorous use. In some cases, the languages themselves are on the brink of extinction. In other cases, syllabics has been replaced by a Latin alphabet. Many people—linguists and speakers of Athabaskan languages alike—feel that syllabics is ill-suited to these languages. The government of the Northwest Territories does not use syllabic writing for any of the Athabaskan languages on its territory, and native churches have generally stopped using them as well. Among Dakelh users, a well-developed Latin alphabet has effectively replaced syllabics. Very few people can read syllabics and none use them for routine writing. Syllabics are however popular in symbolic and artistic uses.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past, government policy towards syllabics has varied from indifference to open hostility. Until the late 20th century, government policy in Canada openly undermined native languages, and church organisations were often the only organised bodies using syllabics. Later, as governments became more accommodating of native languages, and in some cases even encouraged their use, it was widely believed that moving to a Latin alphabet was better, both for linguistic reasons and to reduce the cost of supporting multiple scripts. </p><p>At present, at least for Inuktitut and Algonquian languages, Canadian government tolerates, and in some cases encourages, the use of syllabics. The growth of Aboriginal nationalism in Canada and the devolution of many government activities to native communities has changed attitudes towards syllabics. In many places there are now standardisation bodies for syllabic spelling, and the Unicode standard supports a fairly complete set of Canadian syllabic characters for digital exchange. Syllabics are now taught in schools in Inuktitut-speaking areas, and are often taught in traditionally syllabics-using Cree and Ojibwe communities as well. </p><p>Although syllabic writing is not always practical (for example, with computer hardware or software limitations), and in many cases a Latin alphabet would be less costly to use, many native communities are strongly attached to syllabics. Even though it was originally the invention of European missionaries, many people consider syllabics a writing system that belongs to them, and associate Latin letters with linguistic assimilation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_in_Unicode">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics in Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics in Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended-A" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A</a></div> <p>The bulk of the characters, including all that are found in official documents, are encoded into three blocks in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics</a> (U+1400–U+167F)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended</a> (U+18B0–U+18FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended-A" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A</a> (U+11AB0–U+11ABF)</li></ul> <p>These characters can be rendered with any appropriate font, including the freely available fonts <a href="#Free_font_downloads">listed below</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, built-in support was added through the <a href="/wiki/Euphemia_(typeface)" title="Euphemia (typeface)">Euphemia</a> font introduced in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this has incorrect forms for <i>sha</i> and <i>shu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_(Unicode_block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics (Unicode block)">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1400_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1400_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1400.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+140x </td> <td title="U+1400: CANADIAN SYLLABICS HYPHEN">᐀ </td> <td title="U+1401: CANADIAN SYLLABICS E">ᐁ </td> <td title="U+1402: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AAI">ᐂ </td> <td title="U+1403: CANADIAN SYLLABICS I">ᐃ </td> <td title="U+1404: CANADIAN SYLLABICS II">ᐄ </td> <td title="U+1405: CANADIAN SYLLABICS O">ᐅ </td> <td title="U+1406: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OO">ᐆ </td> <td title="U+1407: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE OO">ᐇ </td> <td title="U+1408: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER EE">ᐈ </td> <td title="U+1409: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER I">ᐉ </td> <td title="U+140A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS A">ᐊ </td> <td title="U+140B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AA">ᐋ </td> <td title="U+140C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WE">ᐌ </td> <td title="U+140D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WE">ᐍ </td> <td title="U+140E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WI">ᐎ </td> <td title="U+140F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WI">ᐏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+141x </td> <td title="U+1410: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WII">ᐐ </td> <td title="U+1411: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WII">ᐑ </td> <td title="U+1412: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WO">ᐒ </td> <td title="U+1413: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WO">ᐓ </td> <td title="U+1414: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOO">ᐔ </td> <td title="U+1415: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WOO">ᐕ </td> <td title="U+1416: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI WOO">ᐖ </td> <td title="U+1417: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WA">ᐗ </td> <td title="U+1418: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WA">ᐘ </td> <td title="U+1419: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WAA">ᐙ </td> <td title="U+141A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WAA">ᐚ </td> <td title="U+141B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI WAA">ᐛ </td> <td title="U+141C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AI">ᐜ </td> <td title="U+141D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE W">ᐝ </td> <td title="U+141E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS GLOTTAL STOP">ᐞ </td> <td title="U+141F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL ACUTE">ᐟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+142x </td> <td title="U+1420: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL GRAVE">ᐠ </td> <td title="U+1421: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL BOTTOM HALF RING">ᐡ </td> <td title="U+1422: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL TOP HALF RING">ᐢ </td> <td title="U+1423: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL RIGHT HALF RING">ᐣ </td> <td title="U+1424: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL RING">ᐤ </td> <td title="U+1425: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOUBLE ACUTE">ᐥ </td> <td title="U+1426: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOUBLE SHORT VERTICAL STROKES">ᐦ </td> <td title="U+1427: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL MIDDLE DOT">ᐧ </td> <td title="U+1428: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL SHORT HORIZONTAL STROKE">ᐨ </td> <td title="U+1429: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL PLUS">ᐩ </td> <td title="U+142A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOWN TACK">ᐪ </td> <td title="U+142B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS EN">ᐫ </td> <td title="U+142C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS IN">ᐬ </td> <td title="U+142D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS ON">ᐭ </td> <td title="U+142E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AN">ᐮ </td> <td title="U+142F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PE">ᐯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+143x </td> <td title="U+1430: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAAI">ᐰ </td> <td title="U+1431: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PI">ᐱ </td> <td title="U+1432: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PII">ᐲ </td> <td title="U+1433: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PO">ᐳ </td> <td title="U+1434: CANADIAN SYLLABICS POO">ᐴ </td> <td title="U+1435: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE POO">ᐵ </td> <td title="U+1436: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HEE">ᐶ </td> <td title="U+1437: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HI">ᐷ </td> <td title="U+1438: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PA">ᐸ </td> <td title="U+1439: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAA">ᐹ </td> <td title="U+143A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWE">ᐺ </td> <td title="U+143B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWE">ᐻ </td> <td title="U+143C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWI">ᐼ </td> <td title="U+143D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWI">ᐽ </td> <td title="U+143E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWII">ᐾ </td> <td title="U+143F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWII">ᐿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+144x </td> <td title="U+1440: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWO">ᑀ </td> <td title="U+1441: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWO">ᑁ </td> <td title="U+1442: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWOO">ᑂ </td> <td title="U+1443: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWOO">ᑃ </td> <td title="U+1444: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWA">ᑄ </td> <td title="U+1445: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWA">ᑅ </td> <td title="U+1446: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWAA">ᑆ </td> <td title="U+1447: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWAA">ᑇ </td> <td title="U+1448: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE PWAA">ᑈ </td> <td title="U+1449: CANADIAN SYLLABICS P">ᑉ </td> <td title="U+144A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE P">ᑊ </td> <td title="U+144B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER H">ᑋ </td> <td title="U+144C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TE">ᑌ </td> <td title="U+144D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAAI">ᑍ </td> <td title="U+144E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TI">ᑎ </td> <td title="U+144F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TII">ᑏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+145x </td> <td title="U+1450: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TO">ᑐ </td> <td title="U+1451: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TOO">ᑑ </td> <td title="U+1452: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE TOO">ᑒ </td> <td title="U+1453: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DEE">ᑓ </td> <td title="U+1454: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DI">ᑔ </td> <td title="U+1455: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TA">ᑕ </td> <td title="U+1456: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAA">ᑖ </td> <td title="U+1457: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWE">ᑗ </td> <td title="U+1458: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWE">ᑘ </td> <td title="U+1459: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWI">ᑙ </td> <td title="U+145A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWI">ᑚ </td> <td title="U+145B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWII">ᑛ </td> <td title="U+145C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWII">ᑜ </td> <td title="U+145D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWO">ᑝ </td> <td title="U+145E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWO">ᑞ </td> <td title="U+145F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWOO">ᑟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+146x </td> <td title="U+1460: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWOO">ᑠ </td> <td title="U+1461: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWA">ᑡ </td> <td title="U+1462: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWA">ᑢ </td> <td title="U+1463: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWAA">ᑣ </td> <td title="U+1464: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWAA">ᑤ </td> <td title="U+1465: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI TWAA">ᑥ </td> <td title="U+1466: CANADIAN SYLLABICS T">ᑦ </td> <td title="U+1467: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTE">ᑧ </td> <td title="U+1468: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTI">ᑨ </td> <td title="U+1469: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTO">ᑩ </td> <td title="U+146A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTA">ᑪ </td> <td title="U+146B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KE">ᑫ </td> <td title="U+146C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAAI">ᑬ </td> <td title="U+146D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KI">ᑭ </td> <td title="U+146E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KII">ᑮ </td> <td title="U+146F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KO">ᑯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+147x </td> <td title="U+1470: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KOO">ᑰ </td> <td title="U+1471: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE KOO">ᑱ </td> <td title="U+1472: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KA">ᑲ </td> <td title="U+1473: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAA">ᑳ </td> <td title="U+1474: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWE">ᑴ </td> <td title="U+1475: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWE">ᑵ </td> <td title="U+1476: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWI">ᑶ </td> <td title="U+1477: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWI">ᑷ </td> <td title="U+1478: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWII">ᑸ </td> <td title="U+1479: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWII">ᑹ </td> <td title="U+147A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWO">ᑺ </td> <td title="U+147B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWO">ᑻ </td> <td title="U+147C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWOO">ᑼ </td> <td title="U+147D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWOO">ᑽ </td> <td title="U+147E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWA">ᑾ </td> <td title="U+147F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWA">ᑿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+148x </td> <td title="U+1480: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWAA">ᒀ </td> <td title="U+1481: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWAA">ᒁ </td> <td title="U+1482: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI KWAA">ᒂ </td> <td title="U+1483: CANADIAN SYLLABICS K">ᒃ </td> <td title="U+1484: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KW">ᒄ </td> <td title="U+1485: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KEH">ᒅ </td> <td title="U+1486: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KIH">ᒆ </td> <td title="U+1487: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KOH">ᒇ </td> <td title="U+1488: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KAH">ᒈ </td> <td title="U+1489: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CE">ᒉ </td> <td title="U+148A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CAAI">ᒊ </td> <td title="U+148B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CI">ᒋ </td> <td title="U+148C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CII">ᒌ </td> <td title="U+148D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CO">ᒍ </td> <td title="U+148E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS COO">ᒎ </td> <td title="U+148F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE COO">ᒏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+149x </td> <td title="U+1490: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CA">ᒐ </td> <td title="U+1491: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CAA">ᒑ </td> <td title="U+1492: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWE">ᒒ </td> <td title="U+1493: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWE">ᒓ </td> <td title="U+1494: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWI">ᒔ </td> <td title="U+1495: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWI">ᒕ </td> <td title="U+1496: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWII">ᒖ </td> <td title="U+1497: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWII">ᒗ </td> <td title="U+1498: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWO">ᒘ </td> <td title="U+1499: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWO">ᒙ </td> <td title="U+149A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWOO">ᒚ </td> <td title="U+149B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWOO">ᒛ </td> <td title="U+149C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWA">ᒜ </td> <td title="U+149D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWA">ᒝ </td> <td title="U+149E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWAA">ᒞ </td> <td title="U+149F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWAA">ᒟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+14Ax </td> <td title="U+14A0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI CWAA">ᒠ </td> <td title="U+14A1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS C">ᒡ </td> <td title="U+14A2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI TH">ᒢ </td> <td title="U+14A3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS ME">ᒣ </td> <td title="U+14A4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MAAI">ᒤ </td> <td title="U+14A5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MI">ᒥ </td> <td title="U+14A6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MII">ᒦ </td> <td title="U+14A7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MO">ᒧ </td> <td title="U+14A8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MOO">ᒨ </td> <td title="U+14A9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE MOO">ᒩ </td> <td title="U+14AA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MA">ᒪ </td> <td title="U+14AB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MAA">ᒫ </td> <td title="U+14AC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWE">ᒬ </td> <td title="U+14AD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWE">ᒭ </td> <td title="U+14AE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWI">ᒮ </td> <td title="U+14AF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWI">ᒯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+14Bx </td> <td title="U+14B0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWII">ᒰ </td> <td title="U+14B1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWII">ᒱ </td> <td title="U+14B2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWO">ᒲ </td> <td title="U+14B3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWO">ᒳ </td> <td title="U+14B4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWOO">ᒴ </td> <td title="U+14B5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWOO">ᒵ </td> <td title="U+14B6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWA">ᒶ </td> <td title="U+14B7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWA">ᒷ </td> <td title="U+14B8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MWAA">ᒸ </td> <td title="U+14B9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE MWAA">ᒹ </td> <td title="U+14BA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI MWAA">ᒺ </td> <td title="U+14BB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS M">ᒻ </td> <td title="U+14BC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE M">ᒼ </td> <td title="U+14BD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MH">ᒽ </td> <td title="U+14BE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS ATHAPASCAN M">ᒾ </td> <td title="U+14BF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI M">ᒿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+14Cx </td> <td title="U+14C0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NE">ᓀ </td> <td title="U+14C1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NAAI">ᓁ </td> <td title="U+14C2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NI">ᓂ </td> <td title="U+14C3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NII">ᓃ </td> <td title="U+14C4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NO">ᓄ </td> <td title="U+14C5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NOO">ᓅ </td> <td title="U+14C6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE NOO">ᓆ </td> <td title="U+14C7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NA">ᓇ </td> <td title="U+14C8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NAA">ᓈ </td> <td title="U+14C9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWE">ᓉ </td> <td title="U+14CA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE NWE">ᓊ </td> <td title="U+14CB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWA">ᓋ </td> <td title="U+14CC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE NWA">ᓌ </td> <td title="U+14CD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWAA">ᓍ </td> <td title="U+14CE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE NWAA">ᓎ </td> <td title="U+14CF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI NWAA">ᓏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+14Dx </td> <td title="U+14D0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS N">ᓐ </td> <td title="U+14D1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NG">ᓑ </td> <td title="U+14D2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NH">ᓒ </td> <td title="U+14D3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LE">ᓓ </td> <td title="U+14D4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LAAI">ᓔ </td> <td title="U+14D5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LI">ᓕ </td> <td title="U+14D6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LII">ᓖ </td> <td title="U+14D7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LO">ᓗ </td> <td title="U+14D8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LOO">ᓘ </td> <td title="U+14D9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE LOO">ᓙ </td> <td title="U+14DA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LA">ᓚ </td> <td title="U+14DB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LAA">ᓛ </td> <td title="U+14DC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWE">ᓜ </td> <td title="U+14DD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWE">ᓝ </td> <td title="U+14DE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWI">ᓞ </td> <td title="U+14DF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWI">ᓟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+14Ex </td> <td title="U+14E0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWII">ᓠ </td> <td title="U+14E1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWII">ᓡ </td> <td title="U+14E2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWO">ᓢ </td> <td title="U+14E3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWO">ᓣ </td> <td title="U+14E4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWOO">ᓤ </td> <td title="U+14E5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWOO">ᓥ </td> <td title="U+14E6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWA">ᓦ </td> <td title="U+14E7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWA">ᓧ </td> <td title="U+14E8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LWAA">ᓨ </td> <td title="U+14E9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LWAA">ᓩ </td> <td title="U+14EA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS L">ᓪ </td> <td title="U+14EB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE L">ᓫ </td> <td title="U+14EC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MEDIAL L">ᓬ </td> <td title="U+14ED: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SE">ᓭ </td> <td title="U+14EE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAAI">ᓮ </td> <td title="U+14EF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SI">ᓯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+14Fx </td> <td title="U+14F0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SII">ᓰ </td> <td title="U+14F1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SO">ᓱ </td> <td title="U+14F2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOO">ᓲ </td> <td title="U+14F3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE SOO">ᓳ </td> <td title="U+14F4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SA">ᓴ </td> <td title="U+14F5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAA">ᓵ </td> <td title="U+14F6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWE">ᓶ </td> <td title="U+14F7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWE">ᓷ </td> <td title="U+14F8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWI">ᓸ </td> <td title="U+14F9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWI">ᓹ </td> <td title="U+14FA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWII">ᓺ </td> <td title="U+14FB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWII">ᓻ </td> <td title="U+14FC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWO">ᓼ </td> <td title="U+14FD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWO">ᓽ </td> <td title="U+14FE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWOO">ᓾ </td> <td title="U+14FF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWOO">ᓿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+150x </td> <td title="U+1500: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWA">ᔀ </td> <td title="U+1501: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWA">ᔁ </td> <td title="U+1502: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SWAA">ᔂ </td> <td title="U+1503: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SWAA">ᔃ </td> <td title="U+1504: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI SWAA">ᔄ </td> <td title="U+1505: CANADIAN SYLLABICS S">ᔅ </td> <td title="U+1506: CANADIAN SYLLABICS ATHAPASCAN S">ᔆ </td> <td title="U+1507: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SW">ᔇ </td> <td title="U+1508: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT S">ᔈ </td> <td title="U+1509: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MOOSE-CREE SK">ᔉ </td> <td title="U+150A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI SKW">ᔊ </td> <td title="U+150B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI S-W">ᔋ </td> <td title="U+150C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI SPWA">ᔌ </td> <td title="U+150D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI STWA">ᔍ </td> <td title="U+150E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI SKWA">ᔎ </td> <td title="U+150F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI SCWA">ᔏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+151x </td> <td title="U+1510: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHE">ᔐ </td> <td title="U+1511: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHI">ᔑ </td> <td title="U+1512: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHII">ᔒ </td> <td title="U+1513: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHO">ᔓ </td> <td title="U+1514: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHOO">ᔔ </td> <td title="U+1515: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHA">ᔕ </td> <td title="U+1516: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHAA">ᔖ </td> <td title="U+1517: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWE">ᔗ </td> <td title="U+1518: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWE">ᔘ </td> <td title="U+1519: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWI">ᔙ </td> <td title="U+151A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWI">ᔚ </td> <td title="U+151B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWII">ᔛ </td> <td title="U+151C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWII">ᔜ </td> <td title="U+151D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWO">ᔝ </td> <td title="U+151E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWO">ᔞ </td> <td title="U+151F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWOO">ᔟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+152x </td> <td title="U+1520: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWOO">ᔠ </td> <td title="U+1521: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWA">ᔡ </td> <td title="U+1522: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWA">ᔢ </td> <td title="U+1523: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWAA">ᔣ </td> <td title="U+1524: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE SHWAA">ᔤ </td> <td title="U+1525: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SH">ᔥ </td> <td title="U+1526: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YE">ᔦ </td> <td title="U+1527: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YAAI">ᔧ </td> <td title="U+1528: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YI">ᔨ </td> <td title="U+1529: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YII">ᔩ </td> <td title="U+152A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YO">ᔪ </td> <td title="U+152B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YOO">ᔫ </td> <td title="U+152C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE YOO">ᔬ </td> <td title="U+152D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YA">ᔭ </td> <td title="U+152E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YAA">ᔮ </td> <td title="U+152F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWE">ᔯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+153x </td> <td title="U+1530: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWE">ᔰ </td> <td title="U+1531: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWI">ᔱ </td> <td title="U+1532: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWI">ᔲ </td> <td title="U+1533: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWII">ᔳ </td> <td title="U+1534: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWII">ᔴ </td> <td title="U+1535: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWO">ᔵ </td> <td title="U+1536: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWO">ᔶ </td> <td title="U+1537: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWOO">ᔷ </td> <td title="U+1538: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWOO">ᔸ </td> <td title="U+1539: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWA">ᔹ </td> <td title="U+153A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWA">ᔺ </td> <td title="U+153B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YWAA">ᔻ </td> <td title="U+153C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE YWAA">ᔼ </td> <td title="U+153D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI YWAA">ᔽ </td> <td title="U+153E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y">ᔾ </td> <td title="U+153F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BIBLE-CREE Y">ᔿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+154x </td> <td title="U+1540: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE Y">ᕀ </td> <td title="U+1541: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI YI">ᕁ </td> <td title="U+1542: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RE">ᕂ </td> <td title="U+1543: CANADIAN SYLLABICS R-CREE RE">ᕃ </td> <td title="U+1544: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LE">ᕄ </td> <td title="U+1545: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RAAI">ᕅ </td> <td title="U+1546: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RI">ᕆ </td> <td title="U+1547: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RII">ᕇ </td> <td title="U+1548: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RO">ᕈ </td> <td title="U+1549: CANADIAN SYLLABICS ROO">ᕉ </td> <td title="U+154A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LO">ᕊ </td> <td title="U+154B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RA">ᕋ </td> <td title="U+154C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RAA">ᕌ </td> <td title="U+154D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LA">ᕍ </td> <td title="U+154E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWAA">ᕎ </td> <td title="U+154F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE RWAA">ᕏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+155x </td> <td title="U+1550: CANADIAN SYLLABICS R">ᕐ </td> <td title="U+1551: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE R">ᕑ </td> <td title="U+1552: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MEDIAL R">ᕒ </td> <td title="U+1553: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FE">ᕓ </td> <td title="U+1554: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FAAI">ᕔ </td> <td title="U+1555: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FI">ᕕ </td> <td title="U+1556: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FII">ᕖ </td> <td title="U+1557: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FO">ᕗ </td> <td title="U+1558: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FOO">ᕘ </td> <td title="U+1559: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FA">ᕙ </td> <td title="U+155A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FAA">ᕚ </td> <td title="U+155B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FWAA">ᕛ </td> <td title="U+155C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE FWAA">ᕜ </td> <td title="U+155D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS F">ᕝ </td> <td title="U+155E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THE">ᕞ </td> <td title="U+155F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS N-CREE THE">ᕟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+156x </td> <td title="U+1560: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THI">ᕠ </td> <td title="U+1561: CANADIAN SYLLABICS N-CREE THI">ᕡ </td> <td title="U+1562: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THII">ᕢ </td> <td title="U+1563: CANADIAN SYLLABICS N-CREE THII">ᕣ </td> <td title="U+1564: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THO">ᕤ </td> <td title="U+1565: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THOO">ᕥ </td> <td title="U+1566: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THA">ᕦ </td> <td title="U+1567: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THAA">ᕧ </td> <td title="U+1568: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THWAA">ᕨ </td> <td title="U+1569: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE THWAA">ᕩ </td> <td title="U+156A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH">ᕪ </td> <td title="U+156B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHE">ᕫ </td> <td title="U+156C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHI">ᕬ </td> <td title="U+156D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHO">ᕭ </td> <td title="U+156E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHA">ᕮ </td> <td title="U+156F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTH">ᕯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+157x </td> <td title="U+1570: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TYE">ᕰ </td> <td title="U+1571: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TYI">ᕱ </td> <td title="U+1572: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TYO">ᕲ </td> <td title="U+1573: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TYA">ᕳ </td> <td title="U+1574: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HE">ᕴ </td> <td title="U+1575: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HI">ᕵ </td> <td title="U+1576: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HII">ᕶ </td> <td title="U+1577: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HO">ᕷ </td> <td title="U+1578: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HOO">ᕸ </td> <td title="U+1579: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HA">ᕹ </td> <td title="U+157A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK HAA">ᕺ </td> <td title="U+157B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVIK H">ᕻ </td> <td title="U+157C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NUNAVUT H">ᕼ </td> <td title="U+157D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS HK">ᕽ </td> <td title="U+157E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QAAI">ᕾ </td> <td title="U+157F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QI">ᕿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+158x </td> <td title="U+1580: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QII">ᖀ </td> <td title="U+1581: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QO">ᖁ </td> <td title="U+1582: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QOO">ᖂ </td> <td title="U+1583: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QA">ᖃ </td> <td title="U+1584: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QAA">ᖄ </td> <td title="U+1585: CANADIAN SYLLABICS Q">ᖅ </td> <td title="U+1586: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHE">ᖆ </td> <td title="U+1587: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHI">ᖇ </td> <td title="U+1588: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHO">ᖈ </td> <td title="U+1589: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHA">ᖉ </td> <td title="U+158A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE RE">ᖊ </td> <td title="U+158B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE RI">ᖋ </td> <td title="U+158C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE RO">ᖌ </td> <td title="U+158D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE RA">ᖍ </td> <td title="U+158E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGAAI">ᖎ </td> <td title="U+158F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGI">ᖏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+159x </td> <td title="U+1590: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGII">ᖐ </td> <td title="U+1591: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGO">ᖑ </td> <td title="U+1592: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGOO">ᖒ </td> <td title="U+1593: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGA">ᖓ </td> <td title="U+1594: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGAA">ᖔ </td> <td title="U+1595: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NG">ᖕ </td> <td title="U+1596: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNG">ᖖ </td> <td title="U+1597: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHE">ᖗ </td> <td title="U+1598: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHI">ᖘ </td> <td title="U+1599: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHO">ᖙ </td> <td title="U+159A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHA">ᖚ </td> <td title="U+159B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THE">ᖛ </td> <td title="U+159C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THI">ᖜ </td> <td title="U+159D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THO">ᖝ </td> <td title="U+159E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THA">ᖞ </td> <td title="U+159F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE TH">ᖟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+15Ax </td> <td title="U+15A0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LHI">ᖠ </td> <td title="U+15A1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LHII">ᖡ </td> <td title="U+15A2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LHO">ᖢ </td> <td title="U+15A3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LHOO">ᖣ </td> <td title="U+15A4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LHA">ᖤ </td> <td title="U+15A5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LHAA">ᖥ </td> <td title="U+15A6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LH">ᖦ </td> <td title="U+15A7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THE">ᖧ </td> <td title="U+15A8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THI">ᖨ </td> <td title="U+15A9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THII">ᖩ </td> <td title="U+15AA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THO">ᖪ </td> <td title="U+15AB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THOO">ᖫ </td> <td title="U+15AC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THA">ᖬ </td> <td title="U+15AD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE THAA">ᖭ </td> <td title="U+15AE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TH-CREE TH">ᖮ </td> <td title="U+15AF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AIVILIK B">ᖯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+15Bx </td> <td title="U+15B0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT E">ᖰ </td> <td title="U+15B1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT I">ᖱ </td> <td title="U+15B2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT O">ᖲ </td> <td title="U+15B3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT A">ᖳ </td> <td title="U+15B4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT WE">ᖴ </td> <td title="U+15B5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT WI">ᖵ </td> <td title="U+15B6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT WO">ᖶ </td> <td title="U+15B7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT WA">ᖷ </td> <td title="U+15B8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT NE">ᖸ </td> <td title="U+15B9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT NI">ᖹ </td> <td title="U+15BA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT NO">ᖺ </td> <td title="U+15BB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT NA">ᖻ </td> <td title="U+15BC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT KE">ᖼ </td> <td title="U+15BD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT KI">ᖽ </td> <td title="U+15BE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT KO">ᖾ </td> <td title="U+15BF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT KA">ᖿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+15Cx </td> <td title="U+15C0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI HE">ᗀ </td> <td title="U+15C1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI HI">ᗁ </td> <td title="U+15C2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI HO">ᗂ </td> <td title="U+15C3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI HA">ᗃ </td> <td title="U+15C4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GHU">ᗄ </td> <td title="U+15C5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GHO">ᗅ </td> <td title="U+15C6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GHE">ᗆ </td> <td title="U+15C7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GHEE">ᗇ </td> <td title="U+15C8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GHI">ᗈ </td> <td title="U+15C9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GHA">ᗉ </td> <td title="U+15CA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER RU">ᗊ </td> <td title="U+15CB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER RO">ᗋ </td> <td title="U+15CC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER RE">ᗌ </td> <td title="U+15CD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER REE">ᗍ </td> <td title="U+15CE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER RI">ᗎ </td> <td title="U+15CF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER RA">ᗏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+15Dx </td> <td title="U+15D0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER WU">ᗐ </td> <td title="U+15D1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER WO">ᗑ </td> <td title="U+15D2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER WE">ᗒ </td> <td title="U+15D3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER WEE">ᗓ </td> <td title="U+15D4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER WI">ᗔ </td> <td title="U+15D5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER WA">ᗕ </td> <td title="U+15D6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HWU">ᗖ </td> <td title="U+15D7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HWO">ᗗ </td> <td title="U+15D8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HWE">ᗘ </td> <td title="U+15D9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HWEE">ᗙ </td> <td title="U+15DA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HWI">ᗚ </td> <td title="U+15DB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HWA">ᗛ </td> <td title="U+15DC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER THU">ᗜ </td> <td title="U+15DD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER THO">ᗝ </td> <td title="U+15DE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER THE">ᗞ </td> <td title="U+15DF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER THEE">ᗟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+15Ex </td> <td title="U+15E0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER THI">ᗠ </td> <td title="U+15E1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER THA">ᗡ </td> <td title="U+15E2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTU">ᗢ </td> <td title="U+15E3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTO">ᗣ </td> <td title="U+15E4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTE">ᗤ </td> <td title="U+15E5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTEE">ᗥ </td> <td title="U+15E6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTI">ᗦ </td> <td title="U+15E7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTA">ᗧ </td> <td title="U+15E8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER PU">ᗨ </td> <td title="U+15E9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER PO">ᗩ </td> <td title="U+15EA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER PE">ᗪ </td> <td title="U+15EB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER PEE">ᗫ </td> <td title="U+15EC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER PI">ᗬ </td> <td title="U+15ED: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER PA">ᗭ </td> <td title="U+15EE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER P">ᗮ </td> <td title="U+15EF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GU">ᗯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+15Fx </td> <td title="U+15F0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GO">ᗰ </td> <td title="U+15F1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GE">ᗱ </td> <td title="U+15F2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GEE">ᗲ </td> <td title="U+15F3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GI">ᗳ </td> <td title="U+15F4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GA">ᗴ </td> <td title="U+15F5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KHU">ᗵ </td> <td title="U+15F6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KHO">ᗶ </td> <td title="U+15F7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KHE">ᗷ </td> <td title="U+15F8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KHEE">ᗸ </td> <td title="U+15F9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KHI">ᗹ </td> <td title="U+15FA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KHA">ᗺ </td> <td title="U+15FB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KKU">ᗻ </td> <td title="U+15FC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KKO">ᗼ </td> <td title="U+15FD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KKE">ᗽ </td> <td title="U+15FE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KKEE">ᗾ </td> <td title="U+15FF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KKI">ᗿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+160x </td> <td title="U+1600: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KKA">ᘀ </td> <td title="U+1601: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER KK">ᘁ </td> <td title="U+1602: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NU">ᘂ </td> <td title="U+1603: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NO">ᘃ </td> <td title="U+1604: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NE">ᘄ </td> <td title="U+1605: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NEE">ᘅ </td> <td title="U+1606: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NI">ᘆ </td> <td title="U+1607: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NA">ᘇ </td> <td title="U+1608: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER MU">ᘈ </td> <td title="U+1609: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER MO">ᘉ </td> <td title="U+160A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ME">ᘊ </td> <td title="U+160B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER MEE">ᘋ </td> <td title="U+160C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER MI">ᘌ </td> <td title="U+160D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER MA">ᘍ </td> <td title="U+160E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER YU">ᘎ </td> <td title="U+160F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER YO">ᘏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+161x </td> <td title="U+1610: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER YE">ᘐ </td> <td title="U+1611: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER YEE">ᘑ </td> <td title="U+1612: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER YI">ᘒ </td> <td title="U+1613: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER YA">ᘓ </td> <td title="U+1614: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JU">ᘔ </td> <td title="U+1615: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI JU">ᘕ </td> <td title="U+1616: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JO">ᘖ </td> <td title="U+1617: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JE">ᘗ </td> <td title="U+1618: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JEE">ᘘ </td> <td title="U+1619: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JI">ᘙ </td> <td title="U+161A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI JI">ᘚ </td> <td title="U+161B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JA">ᘛ </td> <td title="U+161C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JJU">ᘜ </td> <td title="U+161D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JJO">ᘝ </td> <td title="U+161E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JJE">ᘞ </td> <td title="U+161F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JJEE">ᘟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+162x </td> <td title="U+1620: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JJI">ᘠ </td> <td title="U+1621: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JJA">ᘡ </td> <td title="U+1622: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LU">ᘢ </td> <td title="U+1623: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LO">ᘣ </td> <td title="U+1624: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LE">ᘤ </td> <td title="U+1625: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LEE">ᘥ </td> <td title="U+1626: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LI">ᘦ </td> <td title="U+1627: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LA">ᘧ </td> <td title="U+1628: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DLU">ᘨ </td> <td title="U+1629: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DLO">ᘩ </td> <td title="U+162A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DLE">ᘪ </td> <td title="U+162B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DLEE">ᘫ </td> <td title="U+162C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DLI">ᘬ </td> <td title="U+162D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DLA">ᘭ </td> <td title="U+162E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LHU">ᘮ </td> <td title="U+162F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LHO">ᘯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+163x </td> <td title="U+1630: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LHE">ᘰ </td> <td title="U+1631: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LHEE">ᘱ </td> <td title="U+1632: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LHI">ᘲ </td> <td title="U+1633: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER LHA">ᘳ </td> <td title="U+1634: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLHU">ᘴ </td> <td title="U+1635: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLHO">ᘵ </td> <td title="U+1636: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLHE">ᘶ </td> <td title="U+1637: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLHEE">ᘷ </td> <td title="U+1638: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLHI">ᘸ </td> <td title="U+1639: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLHA">ᘹ </td> <td title="U+163A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLU">ᘺ </td> <td title="U+163B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLO">ᘻ </td> <td title="U+163C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLE">ᘼ </td> <td title="U+163D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLEE">ᘽ </td> <td title="U+163E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLI">ᘾ </td> <td title="U+163F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TLA">ᘿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+164x </td> <td title="U+1640: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZU">ᙀ </td> <td title="U+1641: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZO">ᙁ </td> <td title="U+1642: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZE">ᙂ </td> <td title="U+1643: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZEE">ᙃ </td> <td title="U+1644: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZI">ᙄ </td> <td title="U+1645: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZA">ᙅ </td> <td title="U+1646: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER Z">ᙆ </td> <td title="U+1647: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER INITIAL Z">ᙇ </td> <td title="U+1648: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZU">ᙈ </td> <td title="U+1649: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZO">ᙉ </td> <td title="U+164A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZE">ᙊ </td> <td title="U+164B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZEE">ᙋ </td> <td title="U+164C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZI">ᙌ </td> <td title="U+164D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZA">ᙍ </td> <td title="U+164E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SU">ᙎ </td> <td title="U+164F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SO">ᙏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+165x </td> <td title="U+1650: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SE">ᙐ </td> <td title="U+1651: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SEE">ᙑ </td> <td title="U+1652: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SI">ᙒ </td> <td title="U+1653: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SA">ᙓ </td> <td title="U+1654: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHU">ᙔ </td> <td title="U+1655: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHO">ᙕ </td> <td title="U+1656: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHE">ᙖ </td> <td title="U+1657: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHEE">ᙗ </td> <td title="U+1658: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHI">ᙘ </td> <td title="U+1659: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHA">ᙙ </td> <td title="U+165A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SH">ᙚ </td> <td title="U+165B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSU">ᙛ </td> <td title="U+165C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSO">ᙜ </td> <td title="U+165D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSE">ᙝ </td> <td title="U+165E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSEE">ᙞ </td> <td title="U+165F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSI">ᙟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+166x </td> <td title="U+1660: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSA">ᙠ </td> <td title="U+1661: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHU">ᙡ </td> <td title="U+1662: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHO">ᙢ </td> <td title="U+1663: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHE">ᙣ </td> <td title="U+1664: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHEE">ᙤ </td> <td title="U+1665: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHI">ᙥ </td> <td title="U+1666: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHA">ᙦ </td> <td title="U+1667: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSU">ᙧ </td> <td title="U+1668: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSO">ᙨ </td> <td title="U+1669: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSE">ᙩ </td> <td title="U+166A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSEE">ᙪ </td> <td title="U+166B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSI">ᙫ </td> <td title="U+166C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSA">ᙬ </td> <td title="U+166D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CHI SIGN">᙭ </td> <td title="U+166E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FULL STOP">᙮ </td> <td title="U+166F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS QAI">ᙯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+167x </td> <td title="U+1670: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGAI">ᙰ </td> <td title="U+1671: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGI">ᙱ </td> <td title="U+1672: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGII">ᙲ </td> <td title="U+1673: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGO">ᙳ </td> <td title="U+1674: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGOO">ᙴ </td> <td title="U+1675: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGA">ᙵ </td> <td title="U+1676: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGAA">ᙶ </td> <td title="U+1677: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWEE">ᙷ </td> <td title="U+1678: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWI">ᙸ </td> <td title="U+1679: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWII">ᙹ </td> <td title="U+167A: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWO">ᙺ </td> <td title="U+167B: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWOO">ᙻ </td> <td title="U+167C: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWA">ᙼ </td> <td title="U+167D: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWAA">ᙽ </td> <td title="U+167E: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE FINAL TH">ᙾ </td> <td title="U+167F: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT W">ᙿ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1400_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1400_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U18B0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U18B0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U18B0_grey"><a href="#endnote_U18B0_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U18B0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+18Bx </td> <td title="U+18B0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OY">ᢰ </td> <td title="U+18B1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AY">ᢱ </td> <td title="U+18B2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS AAY">ᢲ </td> <td title="U+18B3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WAY">ᢳ </td> <td title="U+18B4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS POY">ᢴ </td> <td title="U+18B5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAY">ᢵ </td> <td title="U+18B6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWOY">ᢶ </td> <td title="U+18B7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAY">ᢷ </td> <td title="U+18B8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAY">ᢸ </td> <td title="U+18B9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWAY">ᢹ </td> <td title="U+18BA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS MAY">ᢺ </td> <td title="U+18BB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NOY">ᢻ </td> <td title="U+18BC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NAY">ᢼ </td> <td title="U+18BD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS LAY">ᢽ </td> <td title="U+18BE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOY">ᢾ </td> <td title="U+18BF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAY">ᢿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+18Cx </td> <td title="U+18C0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHOY">ᣀ </td> <td title="U+18C1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHAY">ᣁ </td> <td title="U+18C2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWOY">ᣂ </td> <td title="U+18C3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YOY">ᣃ </td> <td title="U+18C4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS YAY">ᣄ </td> <td title="U+18C5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RAY">ᣅ </td> <td title="U+18C6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWI">ᣆ </td> <td title="U+18C7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWI">ᣇ </td> <td title="U+18C8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWII">ᣈ </td> <td title="U+18C9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWII">ᣉ </td> <td title="U+18CA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWO">ᣊ </td> <td title="U+18CB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWO">ᣋ </td> <td title="U+18CC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWOO">ᣌ </td> <td title="U+18CD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWOO">ᣍ </td> <td title="U+18CE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWEE">ᣎ </td> <td title="U+18CF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWI">ᣏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+18Dx </td> <td title="U+18D0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWII">ᣐ </td> <td title="U+18D1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWO">ᣑ </td> <td title="U+18D2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWOO">ᣒ </td> <td title="U+18D3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWA">ᣓ </td> <td title="U+18D4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY P">ᣔ </td> <td title="U+18D5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY T">ᣕ </td> <td title="U+18D6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY K">ᣖ </td> <td title="U+18D7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY C">ᣗ </td> <td title="U+18D8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY M">ᣘ </td> <td title="U+18D9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY N">ᣙ </td> <td title="U+18DA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY S">ᣚ </td> <td title="U+18DB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY SH">ᣛ </td> <td title="U+18DC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS EASTERN W">ᣜ </td> <td title="U+18DD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WESTERN W">ᣝ </td> <td title="U+18DE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL SMALL RING">ᣞ </td> <td title="U+18DF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL RAISED DOT">ᣟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+18Ex </td> <td title="U+18E0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS R-CREE RWE">ᣠ </td> <td title="U+18E1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LOO">ᣡ </td> <td title="U+18E2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LAA">ᣢ </td> <td title="U+18E3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THWE">ᣣ </td> <td title="U+18E4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS THWA">ᣤ </td> <td title="U+18E5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHWE">ᣥ </td> <td title="U+18E6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHOO">ᣦ </td> <td title="U+18E7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHAA">ᣧ </td> <td title="U+18E8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHWE">ᣨ </td> <td title="U+18E9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHOO">ᣩ </td> <td title="U+18EA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHWE">ᣪ </td> <td title="U+18EB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHOO">ᣫ </td> <td title="U+18EC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI HOO">ᣬ </td> <td title="U+18ED: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GWU">ᣭ </td> <td title="U+18EE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DENE GEE">ᣮ </td> <td title="U+18EF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GAA">ᣯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+18Fx </td> <td title="U+18F0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GWA">ᣰ </td> <td title="U+18F1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI JUU">ᣱ </td> <td title="U+18F2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JWA">ᣲ </td> <td title="U+18F3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BEAVER DENE L">ᣳ </td> <td title="U+18F4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS BEAVER DENE R">ᣴ </td> <td title="U+18F5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DENTAL S">ᣵ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U18B0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U18B0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U18B0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U18B0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended-A" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U11AB0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U11AB0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11AB0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+11ABx </td> <td title="U+11AB0: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HI">𑪰 </td> <td title="U+11AB1: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HII">𑪱 </td> <td title="U+11AB2: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HO">𑪲 </td> <td title="U+11AB3: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HOO">𑪳 </td> <td title="U+11AB4: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HA">𑪴 </td> <td title="U+11AB5: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HAA">𑪵 </td> <td title="U+11AB6: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRI">𑪶 </td> <td title="U+11AB7: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRII">𑪷 </td> <td title="U+11AB8: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRO">𑪸 </td> <td title="U+11AB9: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHROO">𑪹 </td> <td title="U+11ABA: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRA">𑪺 </td> <td title="U+11ABB: CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRAA">𑪻 </td> <td title="U+11ABC: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPE">𑪼 </td> <td title="U+11ABD: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPI">𑪽 </td> <td title="U+11ABE: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPO">𑪾 </td> <td title="U+11ABF: CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPA">𑪿 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11AB0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U11AB0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/30px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/45px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/60px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="299" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaktovik_numerals" title="Kaktovik numerals">Kaktovik numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree_syllabics" title="Cree syllabics">Cree syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_syllabics" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Carrier syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamloops_Wawa" title="Kamloops Wawa">Kamloops Wawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee syllabary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nichols-1996-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nichols-1996_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Nichols, 1996. "The Cree Syllabary". In Daniels & Bright, <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>, p 599<i>ff</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRogers2005" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Henry (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/writingsystemsli00roge_681"><i>Writing systems: a linguistic approach</i></a></span>. Blackwell publishing. p. 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-23463-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-23463-2"><bdi>0-631-23463-2</bdi></a>. <q>Reports from the late nineteenth century say that virtually every adult Cree speaker was literate; even allowing for some exaggeration, Cree may have had one of the highest literacy rates in the world at the time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+systems%3A+a+linguistic+approach&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Blackwell+publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-631-23463-2&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwritingsystemsli00roge_681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strong-2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strong-2020_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong2020" class="citation web cs1">Strong, Walter (June 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/a-question-of-legacy-cree-writing-and-the-origin-of-the-syllabics">"A question of legacy: Cree writing and the origin of the syllabics"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=A+question+of+legacy%3A+Cree+writing+and+the+origin+of+the+syllabics&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinteractives.cbc.ca%2Flongform%2Fa-question-of-legacy-cree-writing-and-the-origin-of-the-syllabics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby2015" class="citation book cs1">Dalby, Andrew (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7dHNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA139"><i>Dictionary of Languages</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408102145" title="Special:BookSources/9781408102145"><bdi>9781408102145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Languages&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781408102145&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7dHNCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Campbell & Gareth King (2018:462) <i>The Routledge Concise Compendium of the World's Languages</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The international impact of Sequoyah's Cherokee Syllabary. <i>Written Language and Literacy</i> 19.1: 75–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAdam, Sylvia. Nationhood interrupted: revitalizing Nêhiyaw legal systems p. 62 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books-scholarsportal-info.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/en/read?id=/ebooks/ebooks4/upress4/2019-02-21/1/9780774880312#page=63">https://books-scholarsportal-info.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/en/read?id=/ebooks/ebooks4/upress4/2019-02-21/1/9780774880312#page=63</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dusenberry-1962-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dusenberry-1962_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dusenberry-1962_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Verne Dusenberry, 1962. <i>The Montana Cree: A Study in Religious Persistence</i> (Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis 3). p 267–269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevenson-2000-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson-2000_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1999–2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Stevenson, Winona (1999–2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creeliteracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/calling-badger.pdf">"Calling Badger and the Symbols of the Spirit Language: The Cree Origins of the Syllabic System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oral History Forum</i>. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>20: <span class="nowrap">19–</span>24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oral+History+Forum&rft.atitle=Calling+Badger+and+the+Symbols+of+the+Spirit+Language%3A+The+Cree+Origins+of+the+Syllabic+System&rft.volume=19%E2%80%9320&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Winona&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcreeliteracy.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F12%2Fcalling-badger.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiro.com/syllabics/James_Evans/Rossville/Rossville.html">"Rossville, 1840"</a>. <i>www.tiro.com</i>. Tiro Typeworks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tiro.com&rft.atitle=Rossville%2C+1840&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiro.com%2Fsyllabics%2FJames_Evans%2FRossville%2FRossville.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzanne McCarthy, "The Cree Syllabary and the Writing System Riddle", in Taylor and Olson, eds, <i>Scripts and Literacy,</i> p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertasource.ca/methodist/Pictures/Cree_Bible1.htm">Methodist Bible in Cree syllabics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joakim Enwall (1994) <i>A Myth Become Reality: History and Development of the Miao Written Language.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGMandelbaumCenter1979" class="citation book cs1">G, David G. David; Mandelbaum, David Goodman; Center, University of Regina Canadian Plains Research (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0807Uclx7bIC&q=syllabic"><i>The Plains Cree: An Ethnographic, Historical, and Comparative Study</i></a>. University of Regina Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-013-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-013-3"><bdi>978-0-88977-013-3</bdi></a>. <q>Some shamans affirmed that they had visited the land of the dead. One claimed that he had brought back the Cree syllabic writing form the spirit world. This system was actually invented by James Evans, a missionary. Fine-day gave this version of the event:— A Wood Cree named Badger-call died and then became alive again. While he was dead he was given the characters of the syllabary and told that with them he could write Cree. Strike-him-on-the-back learned this writing from Badger-call. He made a feast and announced that he would teach it to anyone who wanted to learn. That is how I learned it. Badger-call also taught the writing to the missionaries. When the writing was given to Badger-call he was told 'They [the missionaries] will change the script and will say that the writing belongs to them. But only those who know Cree will be able to read it.' That is how we know that the writing does not belong to the whites, for it can be read only by those who know the Cree language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Plains+Cree%3A+An+Ethnographic%2C+Historical%2C+and+Comparative+Study&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=University+of+Regina+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-88977-013-3&rft.aulast=G&rft.aufirst=David+G.+David&rft.au=Mandelbaum%2C+David+Goodman&rft.au=Center%2C+University+of+Regina+Canadian+Plains+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0807Uclx7bIC%26q%3Dsyllabic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, in a true syllabary <i>pi</i> would have no graphic connection to <i>pa.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Comrie, 2005, "Writing Systems", in Haspelmath et al. eds, <i>The World Atlas of Language Structures</i> (p 568 <i>ff).</i> Also Robert Bringhurst, 2004, <i>The solid form of language: an essay on writing and meaning</i>. Comrie and Bringhurst use the term <i>alphasyllabic,</i> but the terms are essentially synonymous.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cesarkallas.net/arquivos/livros/informatica/unicode/ch06.pdf">The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0</a>, 2003:149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Symmetrical forms are those for which rotating the <i>a</i> or <i>u</i> series by 180° and a mirror-image reflection produce the same result, so that some other transformation is required to produce additional orientations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the asymmetrical forms in Evans' original system, this is equivalent to inverting (flipping upside down) the <i>-a</i> syllables to get the <i>-i</i> syllables, and the <i>-u</i> syllables to get the <i>-e</i> syllables; and for the symmetric forms, rotating 90 degrees <i>clockwise</i> for the same vowel correspondences. That appears to be how Evans designed the script, but this algorithm does not work for consonants added later on when syllabics was adapted for other Cree dialects or for other languages such as Inuktitut.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2020" class="citation web cs1">King, Kevin [@calligraphio] (October 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/calligraphio/status/1313507453384962050">"I am excited to share that the proposed 16 additional UCAS characters have been accepted by the UTC!"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+am+excited+to+share+that+the+proposed+16+additional+UCAS+characters+have+been+accepted+by+the+UTC%21&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fcalligraphio%2Fstatus%2F1313507453384962050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1919" class="citation cs2">Pollard, Samuel (1919), <i>Story of the Miao</i>, London: Henry Hooks, p. 174</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Story+of+the+Miao&rft.place=London&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Henry+Hooks&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakerCardinal2020" class="citation book cs1">Jaker, Alessandro; Cardinal, Emerence (2020). <i>Tetsǫ́t'ıné Verb Grammar</i>. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tets%C7%AB%CC%81t%27%C4%B1n%C3%A9+Verb+Grammar&rft.place=Fairbanks&rft.pub=Alaska+Native+Language+Center&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Jaker&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rft.au=Cardinal%2C+Emerence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardinalJakerCardinal2021" class="citation book cs1">Cardinal, Emerence; Jaker, Alessandro; Cardinal, Dora (2021). <i>Tetsǫ́t'ıné Dictionary</i>. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tets%C7%AB%CC%81t%27%C4%B1n%C3%A9+Dictionary&rft.place=Fairbanks&rft.pub=Alaska+Native+Language+Center&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Cardinal&rft.aufirst=Emerence&rft.au=Jaker%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Cardinal%2C+Dora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL.J.C.M.I.1904" class="citation book cs1">L.J.C.; M.I. (1904). <i>Prières, Catéchisme et Cantiques, en language Montagnaise ou Chipewyan ᑌᓀ ᔭᕱᔦ ᑌᐟᕄᓯ</i>. Bruges: Société Saint-Augustin Desclée, De Brouwer et Cie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pri%C3%A8res%2C+Cat%C3%A9chisme+et+Cantiques%2C+en+language+Montagnaise+ou+Chipewyan+%E1%91%8C%E1%93%80+%E1%94%AD%E1%95%B1%E1%94%A6+%E1%91%8C%E1%90%9F%E1%95%84%E1%93%AF&rft.place=Bruges&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Saint-Augustin+Descl%C3%A9e%2C+De+Brouwer+et+Cie&rft.date=1904&rft.au=L.J.C.&rft.au=M.I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoser2011" class="citation book cs1">Poser, William (2011). <i>The Carrier Language a Brief Introduction</i>. Prince George, BC: College of New Caledonia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-921087-64-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-921087-64-9"><bdi>978-0-921087-64-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carrier+Language+a+Brief+Introduction&rft.place=Prince+George%2C+BC&rft.pub=College+of+New+Caledonia+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-921087-64-9&rft.aulast=Poser&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/input/font-support">"Script and Font Support in Windows – Globalization"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Script+and+Font+Support+in+Windows+%E2%80%93+Globalization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fglobalization%2Finput%2Ffont-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/resources/how-to/cree-fonts/syllabic-font-orientation/">"Syllabic font orientation |"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syllabic+font+orientation+%26%23124%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastcree.org%2Fcree%2Fen%2Fresources%2Fhow-to%2Fcree-fonts%2Fsyllabic-font-orientation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Comrie, Bernard. 2005. "Writing systems." Martin Haspelmath, Matthew Dryer, David Gile, Bernard Comrie, eds. <i>The world atlas of language structures,</i> 568–570. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-925591-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-925591-1">0-19-925591-1</a></li> <li>Murdoch, John. 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creeliteracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/murdoch_syllabics_-4.pdf"><i>Syllabics: A successful educational innovation.</i></a> MEd thesis, University of Manitoba</li> <li>Nichols, John. 1996. "The Cree syllabary." Peter Daniels and William Bright, eds. <i>The world's writing systems,</i> 599–611. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0">0-19-507993-0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal syllabics</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagegeek.com/syl/intro.html">Language Geek: All About Syllabics</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZui2020" class="citation web cs1">Zui (28 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelanguagecloset.com/2020/05/29/writing-in-north-america-canadian-aboriginal-syllabics/">"Writing in North America — Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"</a>. <i>The Language Closet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Language+Closet&rft.atitle=Writing+in+North+America+%E2%80%94+Canadian+Aboriginal+Syllabics&rft.date=2020-05-28&rft.au=Zui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelanguagecloset.com%2F2020%2F05%2F29%2Fwriting-in-north-america-canadian-aboriginal-syllabics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Aboriginal+syllabics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ydli.org/dakinfo/writing.htm">Carrier Writing Systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billposer.org/Papers/dulkwah.pdf">Paper on Carrier Syllabics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150531104832/http://www.cbtbc.org/inuktitut/">Inuktitut syllabary Braille code</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiro.com/syllabics/James_Evans/Rossville/Rossville.html">Description of Evans' manner of casting type at the Rossville mission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertasource.ca/methodist/Pictures/Cree_Bible1.htm">Methodist Bible in Cree syllabics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/portagelaloche/the-missionaries/syllabic-prayer-book-1923">Dene syllabic prayer book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705061423/https://sites.google.com/site/portagelaloche/the-missionaries/syllabic-prayer-book-1923">Archived</a> 2013-07-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creeliteracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/calling-badger.pdf">Cree Origin of Syllabics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syllabics.app/">Cree Standard Roman Orthography to syllabics converter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_font_downloads">Free font downloads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Free font downloads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/scr/Cans/font">ScriptSource entry for Cans script</a>. Lists a few fonts.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/">GNU FreeFont</a>. UCAS + UCASE range in sans-serif face.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">pre-Columbian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logography" class="mw-redirect" title="Logography">Logographies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semi-logographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_writing_systems" title="Mesoamerican writing systems">Mesoamerican writing systems</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_writing_systems#Abaj_Takalik_and_Kaminaljuyú_scripts" title="Mesoamerican writing systems">Abaj Takalik & Kaminaljuyú scripts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">post-Columbian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americanist_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Americanist Phonetic Alphabet">NAPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamish_language" title="Squamish language">Sḵwx̱wú7mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">SENĆOŦEN alphabet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot Syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Dakelh Syllabics (Dʌlk'ʷahke or ᑐᑊᘁᗕᑋᗸ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> Syllabics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cree_syllabics" title="Eastern Cree syllabics">Eastern Cree syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cree_syllabics" title="Western Cree syllabics">Western Cree syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Somacheirographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newari_scripts" title="Newari scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogan_script" title="Ogan script">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_I_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox I script">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rma_script" title="Rma script">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabewibii'iganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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