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Pampa Award - Wikipedia

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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pampa Award</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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The award was established in 1987 by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">government of Karnataka</a>. It is the highest literary honor conferred by the Department of Kannada and Culture, Government of Karnataka State, and recognises works written in the <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> language (1 of the 22 <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">official languages of India</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The award is named after the first Kannada poet <a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GV_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GV-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The award originally comprised a cash prize of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 lakh</span> (US$1,200), a shawl, a citation and a memento.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The cash prize was increased to <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>3 lakh</span> (US$3,600) in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Prior to 1996, the awards were given for a best single work by a Kannada writer. Since then, the award has been given to writers for their lifetime contribution to the Kannada literature. The Pampa Prashasti is presented by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Karnataka">Chief Minister</a>, during the Kadambotsava, a cultural festival held annually in Pampa's hometown of <a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-GV_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GV-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its inception in 1987, the award has been given to a more than 30 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a> was the first recipient of the award who was honored for his work <i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramayana_Darshanam" title="Sri Ramayana Darshanam">Sri Ramayana Darshanam</a></i> (1949), a modern rendition of the Indian <a href="/wiki/Indian_epic_poetry" title="Indian epic poetry">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>. In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Patil" title="Chandrashekhar Patil">Chandrashekhar Patil</a> returned his award as a sign of protest against the assassination of the scholar <a href="/wiki/M._M._Kalburgi" title="M. M. Kalburgi">M. M. Kalburgi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The most recent recipient is <a href="/wiki/Na_D%27Souza" title="Na D&#39;Souza">Na D'Souza</a>, who was awarded in 2019 for his lifetime contribution. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recipients">Recipients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pampa_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Recipients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuvempu1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Kuvempu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kuvempu1.jpg/170px-Kuvempu1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kuvempu1.jpg/255px-Kuvempu1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kuvempu1.jpg/340px-Kuvempu1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Kuvempu was the first recipient of the award.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portrait of K S Narasimhaswamy." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg/170px-K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg/255px-K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg/340px-K_S_Narasimha_Swamy_photo_of_portrait_from_his_home_.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="3753" /></a><figcaption>K S Narasimhaswamy was given the award in 1995.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G._Venkatasubbaiah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/G._Venkatasubbaiah.jpg/170px-G._Venkatasubbaiah.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/G._Venkatasubbaiah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>G.Venkatasubbayya awarded in 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg/170px-Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg/255px-Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg/340px-Dr._Siddalingaiah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Dr. Siddalingaiah, the recent awardee, received in 2019</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Writer </th> <th scope="col">Work </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a> </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramayana_Darshanam" title="Sri Ramayana Darshanam">Sri Ramayana Darshanam</a></i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/T._N._Srikantaiah" title="T. N. Srikantaiah">T. N. Srikantaiah</a> </th> <td><i>Bharathiya Kavya Meemaamse</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/K._Shivaram_Karanth" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Shivaram Karanth">K. Shivaram Karanth</a> </th> <td><i>Mai Managala Sulliyali</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <th scope="row">S. S. Bhoosnurmath </th> <td><i>Shoonya Sampadaneya Paramarshe</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/P._T._Narasimhachar" title="P. T. Narasimhachar">P. T. Narasimhachar</a> </th> <td><i>Shri Haricharitha</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChari199436_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChari199436-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/A._N._Murthy_Rao" title="A. N. Murthy Rao">A. N. Murthy Rao</a> </th> <td><i>Devaru</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChari199436_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChari199436-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a> </th> <td><i>Suvarna Puthalli</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <th scope="row">Sediyapu Krishna Bhatta </th> <td><i>Vichara Prapancha</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViswanatha200075_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViswanatha200075-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a> </th> <td><i>Dundu Mallige</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M._M._Kalburgi" title="M. M. Kalburgi">M. M. Kalburgi</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Javare_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="Javare Gowda">Javare Gowda</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chennaveera_Kanavi" title="Chennaveera Kanavi">Chennaveera Kanavi</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademi2001215_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademi2001215-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/L._Basavaraju" title="L. Basavaraju">L. Basavaraju</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Poornachandra_Tejaswi" title="Poornachandra Tejaswi">Poornachandra Tejaswi</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M._Chidananda_Murthy" title="M. Chidananda Murthy">M. Chidananda Murthy</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhara_Kambara" title="Chandrashekhara Kambara">Chandrashekhara Kambara</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/H._L._Nage_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="H. L. Nage Gowda">H. L. Nage Gowda</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/S._L._Bhyrappa" title="S. L. Bhyrappa">S. L. Bhyrappa</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/G._S._Amur" title="G. S. Amur">G. S. Amur</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_V._Chittal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yashwant V. Chittal">Yashwant V. Chittal</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/T._V._Venkatachala_Sastry" title="T. V. Venkatachala Sastry">T. V. Venkatachala Sastry</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Patil" title="Chandrashekhar Patil">Chandrashekhar Patil</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Govindray_H._Nayak" title="Govindray H. Nayak">Govindray H. Nayak</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Baraguru_Ramachandrappa" title="Baraguru Ramachandrappa">Baraguru Ramachandrappa</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-pp_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <th scope="row">D. N. Shankara Bhat </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kayyar_Kinhanna_Rai" title="Kayyar Kinhanna Rai">Kayyar Kinhanna Rai</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/G._Venkatasubbiah" title="G. Venkatasubbiah">G. Venkatasubbiah</a> </th> <td>Kannada lexicography </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-GV_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GV-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <th scope="row">B. A. Sanadi </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hampan%C4%81" title="Hampanā">Hampanā</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/K._S._Nissar_Ahmed" title="K. S. Nissar Ahmed">K. S. Nissar Ahmed</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <th scope="row">S. Shettar </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Siddalingaiah_(poet)" title="Siddalingaiah (poet)">Siddalingaiah</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <th scope="row">C P Krishnakumar </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <th scope="row">S.R.Ramaswamy </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <th scope="row">Babu Krishnamurthy </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Na_D%27Souza" title="Na D&#39;Souza">Na D'Souza</a> </th> <td>Lifetime contribution </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-naadsouza_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naadsouza-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pampa_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107000042/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/01/stories/2004020101750500.htm">"Kadambotsava from Monday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 1 February 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/01/stories/2004020101750500.htm">the original</a> on 7 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Kadambotsava+from+Monday&amp;rft.date=2004-02-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2004%2F02%2F01%2Fstories%2F2004020101750500.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GV-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GV_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GV_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GV_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/pampa-award-for-gv/article6862978.ece">"Pampa award for GV"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 6 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Pampa+award+for+GV&amp;rft.date=2015-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fbangalore%2Fpampa-award-for-gv%2Farticle6862978.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104051400/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/27/stories/2005062716510400.htm">"Dept. announces all awards at once"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 27 June 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/27/stories/2005062716510400.htm">the original</a> on 4 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Dept.+announces+all+awards+at+once&amp;rft.date=2005-06-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2005%2F06%2F27%2Fstories%2F2005062716510400.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104051457/http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/19/stories/2009011953580300.htm">"Shastri to continue to promote Kannada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 19 January 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Shastri+to+continue+to+promote+Kannada&amp;rft.date=2009-01-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2009%2F01%2F19%2Fstories%2F2009011953580300.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehu2004" class="citation news cs1">Mehu, Sowmya Aji (21 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Kambara-gets-Pampa-award-2003/articleshow/437517.cms?referral=PM">"Kambara gets Pampa award 2003"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Kambara+gets+Pampa+award+2003&amp;rft.date=2004-01-21&amp;rft.aulast=Mehu&amp;rft.aufirst=Sowmya+Aji&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbangalore%2FKambara-gets-Pampa-award-2003%2Farticleshow%2F437517.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaikini2011" class="citation news cs1">Kaikini, Jayant (21 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/The-Raj-route/article14691499.ece/amp/">"The Raj route"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=The+Raj+route&amp;rft.date=2011-04-21&amp;rft.aulast=Kaikini&amp;rft.aufirst=Jayant&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcinema%2FThe-Raj-route%2Farticle14691499.ece%2Famp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kalburgi-murder-kannada-writer-to-return-pampa-award/article7622303.ece">"Kalburgi murder: Kannada writer to return Pampa award"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 7 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150917034337/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kalburgi-murder-kannada-writer-to-return-pampa-award/article7622303.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Kalburgi+murder%3A+Kannada+writer+to+return+Pampa+award&amp;rft.date=2015-09-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkalburgi-murder-kannada-writer-to-return-pampa-award%2Farticle7622303.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008075154/http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20XIII%20CULTURE.pdf"><i>Culture p484-485</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Karnataka. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20XIII%20CULTURE.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Culture+p484-485&amp;rft.pub=Government+of+Karnataka&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.karunadu.gov.in%2Fgazetteer%2FHandbookKarnataka2010%2FChapter%2520XIII%2520CULTURE.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">&#124;work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pp-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karnatakasahithyaacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/pampa-prashasti.pdf">"Pampa Prashasti"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Kannada). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428051557/http://karnatakasahithyaacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/pampa-prashasti.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pampa+Prashasti&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkarnatakasahithyaacademy.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2Fpampa-prashasti.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.rediff.com/news/dec/09kar.htm">"Shivaram Karanth is dead"</a>. <i>Rediff.com</i>. 9 December 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083942/http://m.rediff.com/news/dec/09kar.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&amp;rft.atitle=Shivaram+Karanth+is+dead&amp;rft.date=1997-12-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.rediff.com%2Fnews%2Fdec%2F09kar.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChari199436-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChari199436_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChari199436_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChari1994">Chari 1994</a>, p.&#160;36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/award/show/32833-pampa-award">"Pampa Award Winners"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Jagran+Prakashan+Limited&amp;rft.atitle=Noted+Kannada+writer+D+Javare+Gowda+passes+away&amp;rft.date=2016-05-31&amp;rft.aulast=Pruthi&amp;rft.aufirst=Rupali&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagranjosh.com%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fnoted-kannada-writer-d-javare-gowda-passes-away-1464678253-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademi2001215-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademi2001215_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkademi2001">Akademi 2001</a>, p.&#160;215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/content/223261/writer-l-basavaraju-dead.html">"Writer L Basavaraju dead"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. 30 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=Writer+L+Basavaraju+dead&amp;rft.date=2012-01-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F223261%2Fwriter-l-basavaraju-dead.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Pampa-award-for-Poornachandra-Tejaswi/articleshow/633916707.cms">"Pampa award for Poornachandra Tejaswi"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 21 December 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Pampa+award+for+Poornachandra+Tejaswi&amp;rft.date=2001-12-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru%2FPampa-award-for-Poornachandra-Tejaswi%2Farticleshow%2F633916707.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/2002/12/25/stories/2002122503180500.htm">"Pampa Award for Chidananda Murthy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 25 December 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Pampa+Award+for+Chidananda+Murthy&amp;rft.date=2002-12-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2F2002%2F12%2F25%2Fstories%2F2002122503180500.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged April 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehu2004" class="citation news cs1">Mehu, Sowmya Aji (21 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Kambara-gets-Pampa-award-2003/articleshow/437517.cms">"Kambara gets Pampa award 2003"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Kambara+gets+Pampa+award+2003&amp;rft.date=2004-01-21&amp;rft.aulast=Mehu&amp;rft.aufirst=Sowmya+Aji&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru%2FKambara-gets-Pampa-award-2003%2Farticleshow%2F437517.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowda2005" class="citation news cs1">Gowda, Ramchandre (14 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/10/14/stories/2005101403650300.htm">"Rural love, urban life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Rural+love%2C+urban+life&amp;rft.date=2005-10-14&amp;rft.aulast=Gowda&amp;rft.aufirst=Ramchandre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Ffr%2F2005%2F10%2F14%2Fstories%2F2005101403650300.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged April 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-writer-in-transition/article15397903.ece">"A writer in transition"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Finally%2C+Pampa+award+for+Champa&amp;rft.date=2011-09-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-karnataka%2Ffinally-pampa-award-for-champa%2Farticle2451454.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/pampa-award-conferred-on-gh-nayak/article5209816.ece">"Pampa award conferred on G.H. Nayak"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 7 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Pampa+award+conferred+on+G.H.+Nayak&amp;rft.date=2013-10-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkarnataka%2Fpampa-award-conferred-on-gh-nayak%2Farticle5209816.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dcpune.ac.in/notable_professors.php">"Notable Professors"</a>. <i>Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425105209/https://www.dcpune.ac.in/notable_professors.php">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Poet%2C+freedom+fighter+Kayyara+Kinhanna+Rai+to+turn+100+next+Monday&amp;rft.date=2015-06-02&amp;rft.aulast=Kamila&amp;rft.aufirst=Raviprasad&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FMangalore%2Fpoet-freedom-fighter-kayyara-kinhanna-rai-to-turn-100-next-monday%2Farticle7272789.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/sanadi-chosen-for-pampa-award/article8287385.ece">"Sanadi chosen for Pampa Award"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 27 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Hampa+Nagarajaiah+bags+prestigious+Pampa+award&amp;rft.date=2017-01-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru%2Fhampa-nagarajaiah-bags-prestigious-pampa-award%2Farticleshow%2F56492922.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/pampa-award-for-nisar-ahmed/article19964779.ece">"Pampa Award for Nisar Ahmed"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 2 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Pampa+Award+for+Nisar+Ahmed&amp;rft.date=2017-11-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-karnataka%2Fpampa-award-for-nisar-ahmed%2Farticle19964779.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vijaykarnataka.com/education/general-knowledge/news-maker/pampa-award/articleshow/70191257.cms">"ಪ್ರೊ. ಷ. ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಪಂಪ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ"</a> &#91;Pampa award for Prof. S. Shettar&#93; (in Kannada). Vijayakarnataka.com. 13 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A.+%E0%B2%B7.+%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D+%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86+%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA+%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF&amp;rft.pub=Vijayakarnataka.com&amp;rft.date=2019-07-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvijaykarnataka.com%2Feducation%2Fgeneral-knowledge%2Fnews-maker%2Fpampa-award%2Farticleshow%2F70191257.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feminisminindia.com/2020/04/06/siddalingaiah-dalit-activist-resisted-poems/">"Pampa award for Siddalingaiah"</a>. 6 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pampa+award+for+Siddalingaiah&amp;rft.date=2020-04-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeminisminindia.com%2F2020%2F04%2F06%2Fsiddalingaiah-dalit-activist-resisted-poems%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naadsouza-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-naadsouza_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125122356/https://www.prajavani.net/news/karnataka-news/pampa-award-to-na-dsoza-and-other-state-govt-awards-announced-2657339">"ಹಿರಿಯ ಸಾಹಿತಿ ನಾ.ಡಿಸೋಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಪ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ (in Kannada)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prajavani.net/news/karnataka-news/pampa-award-to-na-dsoza-and-other-state-govt-awards-announced-2657339">the original</a> on 25 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF+%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF+%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE.%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86+%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA+%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF+%28in+Kannada%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prajavani.net%2Fnews%2Fkarnataka-news%2Fpampa-award-to-na-dsoza-and-other-state-govt-awards-announced-2657339&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pampa_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChari1994" class="citation book cs1">Chari, C (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JHYsAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=a+n+murthy+rao+devaru+pampa"><i>The Book Review, Volume 18</i></a>. Perspective Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Book+Review%2C+Volume+18&amp;rft.pub=Perspective+Publications&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.aulast=Chari&amp;rft.aufirst=C&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJHYsAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Da%2Bn%2Bmurthy%2Brao%2Bdevaru%2Bpampa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViswanatha2000" class="citation book cs1">Viswanatha, Vanamala (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HvljAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Sediyapu+Krishna+Bhatta+Vichara+Prapancha"><i>Routes: representations of the West in short fiction from South India in translation</i></a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333934111" title="Special:BookSources/9780333934111"><bdi>9780333934111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Routes%3A+representations+of+the+West+in+short+fiction+from+South+India+in+translation&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780333934111&amp;rft.aulast=Viswanatha&amp;rft.aufirst=Vanamala&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHvljAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSediyapu%2BKrishna%2BBhatta%2BVichara%2BPrapancha&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkademi2001" class="citation book cs1"><i>Indian Literature, Volume 45, Issues 1–3</i>. Sahitya Akademi. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Indian+Literature%2C+Volume+45%2C+Issues+1%E2%80%933&amp;rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APampa+Award" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pampa_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karnatakasahithyaacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/pampa-prashasti.pdf">Pampa Award recipients</a> (in Kannada). <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Sahitya_Academy" title="Karnataka Sahitya Academy">Karnataka Sahitya Academy</a></li></ul> <div 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title="Seal of Karnataka"><img alt="Seal of Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/25px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/38px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/50px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_state_symbols" title="List of Karnataka state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">Fruit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Hypselobarbus_carnaticus" title="Hypselobarbus carnaticus">Carnatic carp</a></li> <li>Insect: <a href="/wiki/Troides_minos" title="Troides minos">Southern birdwing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka" title="Category:Karnataka">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka#Climate" title="Karnataka">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Karnataka" title="Category:History of Karnataka">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balligavi" title="Balligavi">Balligavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Chitradurga" title="Nayakas of Chitradurga">Chitradurga Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvinita" title="Durvinita">Durvinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Coorg" title="Kingdom of Coorg">Kingdom of Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Kalyani Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Keladi Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Karnataka" title="Administrative divisions of Karnataka">divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_division" title="Belagavi division">Belagavi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalaburagi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballari_district" title="Ballari district">Ballari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadgir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Rivers of Karnataka">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">Taluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Villages in Karnataka">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Culture of Karnataka">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channapatna_toys" title="Channapatna toys">Channapatna toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilkal sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Karnatik music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_milestones_in_Kannada_literature" title="List of milestones in Kannada literature">Milestones</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of epics in the Kannada language">Epics</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kannada_literature" title="Medieval Kannada literature">Medieval</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_literature" title="Rashtrakuta literature">Rashtrakuta</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_literature" title="Western Ganga literature">Western Ganga</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Hoysala</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada" title="Vijayanagara literature in Kannada">Vijayanagara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachana</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yakshagana_plays_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language">Play</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Sammelana" title="Kannada Sahitya Sammelana">Kannada Sahitya Sammelana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_literature" title="List of Karnataka literature">Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_poets" title="Category:Kannada poets">Noted poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaga" title="Asaga">Asaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunavarma_I" title="Gunavarma I">Gunavarma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponna_(poet)" title="Ponna (poet)">Sri Ponna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Dasimayya" title="Devar Dasimayya">Devar Dasimayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrabhatta" title="Rudrabhatta">Rudrabhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarasa" title="Chamarasa">Chamarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaguna_Shivayogi" title="Nijaguna Shivayogi">Nijaguna Shivayogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakaravarni" title="Ratnakaravarni">Ratnakaravarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Bendre" title="D. R. Bendre">D. R. Bendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Seetharamaiah" title="V. Seetharamaiah">V. Seetharamaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M. Govinda Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karnataka" title="Category:People from Karnataka">People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka_society" title="Category:Karnataka society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Dams in Karnataka">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Forts in Karnataka">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Karnataka" title="Category:National parks in Karnataka">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Jain temples in Karnataka">Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_awards_and_decorations_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pampa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrupatunga_Award" title="Nrupatunga Award">Nrupatunga Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Puraskara" title="Basava Puraskara">Basava Puraskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Rajyotsava Prashasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakanachari_Award" title="Jakanachari Award">Jakanachari Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnashilpi_Venkatappa_Award" title="Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award">Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Award" title="Kempegowda Award">Kempegowda Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_newspapers" title="List of Kannada-language newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_magazines" title="List of Kannada-language magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_television_channels" title="List of Kannada-language television channels">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_radio_stations" title="List of Kannada-language radio stations">Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cd4cd96d5‐qdz72 Cached time: 20241127014534 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.675 seconds Real time usage: 0.808 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3908/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 109793/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4958/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 120330/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.400/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8198037/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 694.776 1 -total 39.70% 275.847 1 Template:Reflist 24.30% 168.840 21 Template:Cite_news 14.07% 97.752 1 Template:Karnataka_topics 13.99% 97.186 2 Template:Navbox 11.48% 79.758 1 Template:Infobox_award 11.41% 79.298 1 Template:Short_description 10.14% 70.450 1 Template:Infobox 7.94% 55.198 4 Template:Sfn 7.14% 49.639 2 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22464307-0!canonical and timestamp 20241127014534 and revision id 1241699042. 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