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athletes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: wheelchair athletes"> <meta name="keywords" content="wheelchair athletes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="wheelchair athletes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 360</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: wheelchair athletes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">360</span> Four-Week Plyometric and Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Sprint Performance in Wheelchair Racing Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Thawichai">K. Thawichai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Pornthep"> R. Pornthep</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a four week training period of combined plyometric and resistance training or resistance training alone on muscle strength and sprint performance in wheelchair racing athletes. The participants were sixteen healthy male wheelchair racing athletes of the Thai national team. All participants were randomly assignments into two groups in the plyometric and resistance training group (n = 8) performed plyometric exercises followed by resistance training, whereas the resistance training group (n = 8) performed static stretching and the same resistance training program. At baseline and after training all participants were tested on 1-RM bench press for muscle strength and 100-m cycling sprint performance. The results of this study show that the plyometric and resistance training group made significantly greater improvements in overall muscle strength and sprint performance than the resistance training group following training. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the addition of a four week plyometric and resistance training program more beneficial than resistance training alone on muscle strength and sprint performance in wheelchair racing athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plyometric" title="plyometric">plyometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20training" title=" resistance training"> resistance training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint" title=" sprint"> sprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes" title=" wheelchair athletes"> wheelchair athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36004/four-week-plyometric-and-resistance-training-on-muscle-strength-and-sprint-performance-in-wheelchair-racing-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">359</span> Design, Analysis and Obstacle Avoidance Control of an Electric Wheelchair with Sit-Sleep-Seat Elevation Functions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Ahmed">Waleed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Xiaohua"> Huang Xiaohua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilayat%20Ali"> Wilayat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wheelchair users are generally exposed to physical and psychological health problems, e.g., pressure sores and pain in the hip joint, associated with seating posture or being inactive in a wheelchair for a long time. Reclining Wheelchair with back, thigh, and leg adjustment helps in daily life activities and health preservation. The seat elevating function of an electric wheelchair allows the user (lower limb amputation) to reach different heights. An electric wheelchair is expected to ease the lives of the elderly and disable people by giving them mobility support and decreasing the percentage of accidents caused by users’ narrow sight or joystick operation errors. Thus, this paper proposed the design, analysis and obstacle avoidance control of an electric wheelchair with sit-sleep-seat elevation functions. A 3D model of a wheelchair is designed in SolidWorks that was later used for multi-body dynamic (MBD) analysis and to verify driving control system. The control system uses the fuzzy algorithm to avoid the obstacle by getting information in the form of distance from the ultrasonic sensor and user-specified direction from the joystick’s operation. The proposed fuzzy driving control system focuses on the direction and velocity of the wheelchair. The wheelchair model has been examined and proven in MSC Adams (Automated Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems). The designed fuzzy control algorithm is implemented on Gazebo robotic 3D simulator using Robotic Operating System (ROS) middleware. The proposed wheelchair design enhanced mobility and quality of life by improving the user’s functional capabilities. Simulation results verify the non-accidental behavior of the electric wheelchair. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20control" title="fuzzy logic control">fuzzy logic control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joystick" title=" joystick"> joystick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20body%20dynamics" title=" multi body dynamics"> multi body dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacle%20avoidance" title=" obstacle avoidance"> obstacle avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scissor%20mechanism" title=" scissor mechanism"> scissor mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134367/design-analysis-and-obstacle-avoidance-control-of-an-electric-wheelchair-with-sit-sleep-seat-elevation-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> Boundary Alert System for Powered Wheelchair in Confined Area Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsoi%20Kim%20Ming">Tsoi Kim Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20King%20Pong"> Yu King Pong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: With powered wheelchair, patients can travel more easily and conveniently. However, some patients suffer from other difficulties, such as visual impairment, cognitive disorder, or psychological issues, which make them unable to control powered wheelchair safely. Purpose: Therefore, those patients are required to complete a comprehensive driving training by therapists on confined area, which simulates narrow paths in daily live. During the training, therapists will give series of driving instruction to patients, which may be unaware of patients crossing out the boundary of area. To facilitate the training, it is needed to develop a device to provide warning to patients during training Method: We adopt LIDAR for distance sensing started from center of confined area. Then, we program the LIDAR with linear geometry to remember each side of the area. The LIDAR will sense the location of wheelchair continuously. Once the wheelchair is driven out of the boundary, audio alert will be given to patient. Result: Patients can pay their attention to the particular driving situation followed by audio alert during driving training, which can learn how to avoid out of boundary in similar situation next time. Conclusion: Instead of only instructed by therapist, the LIDAR can facilitate the powered wheelchair training by patients actively pay their attention to driving situation. After training, they are able to control the powered wheelchair safely when facing difficult and narrow path in real life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWC" title="PWC">PWC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehab" title=" rehab"> rehab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AT" title=" AT"> AT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159535/boundary-alert-system-for-powered-wheelchair-in-confined-area-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> The Positive Impact of Wheelchair Service Provision on the Health and Overall Satisfaction of Wheelchair Users with the Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archil%20Undilashvili">Archil Undilashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketevan%20Stvilia"> Ketevan Stvilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dustin%20Gilbreath"> Dustin Gilbreath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgi%20Dzneladze"> Giorgi Dzneladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordon%20Charchward"> Gordon Charchward</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: In recent years, diverse types of wheelchairs, both local production and imported, have been made available on the Georgian market for wheelchair users. Some types of wheelchairs are sold together with a service package, while the others, including the State Program, Supported locally-produced ones, don’t provide adjustment and maintenance service packages to users. Within the USAID Physical Rehabilitation Project in Georgia, a study was conducted to assess the impact of the wheelchair service provision in line with the WHO guidelines on the health and overall satisfaction of wheelchair users in Georgia. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2021. A structured questionnaire was used for telephone interviews that, along with socio-demographic characteristics, included questions for assessment of accessibility, availability, timeliness, cost and quality of wheelchair services received. Out of 1060 individuals listed in the census of wheelchair users, 752 were available for interview, with an actual response rate of 73.4%. 552 wheelchair users (31%) or their caregivers (69%) agreed to participate in the survey. In addition to using descriptive statistics, the study used multivariate matching of wheelchair users who received wheelchair services and who did not (control group). In addition, to evaluate satisfaction with service provision, respondents were asked to assess services. Findings: The majority (67%) of wheelchair users included in the survey were male. The average age of participants was 43. The three most frequently named reasons for using a wheelchair were cerebral palsy (29%), followed by stroke (18%), and amputation (12%). Users have had their current chair for four years on average. Overall, 60% of respondents reported that they were assessed before providing a wheelchair, but only half of them reported that their preferences and needs were considered. Only 13% of respondents had services in line with WHO guidelines and only 22% of wheelchair users had training when they received their current chair. 16% of participants said they had follow-up services, and 41% received adjustment services after receiving the chair. A slight majority (56%) of participants were satisfied with the quality of service provision and the service provision overall. Similarly, 55% were satisfied with the accessibility of service provision. A slightly larger majority (61%) were satisfied with the timeliness of service provision. The matching analysis suggests that users that received services in line with WHO guidelines were more satisfied with their chairs (the difference 17 point/0-100 scale) and they were four percentage points less likely to have health problems attributed to the chair. The regression analysis provides a similar finding of a 21 point increase in satisfaction attributable to services. Conclusion: The provision of wheelchair services in line with WHO guidelines and with follow-up services is likely to have a positive impact on the daily lives of wheelchair users in Georgia. Wheelchair services should be institutionalized as a standard component of wheelchair provision in Georgia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20rehabilitation" title="physical rehabilitation">physical rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20users" title=" wheelchair users"> wheelchair users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persons%20with%20disabilities" title=" persons with disabilities"> persons with disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20production" title=" wheelchair production"> wheelchair production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148841/the-positive-impact-of-wheelchair-service-provision-on-the-health-and-overall-satisfaction-of-wheelchair-users-with-the-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> Voice and Head Controlled Intelligent Wheelchair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dechrit%20Maneetham">Dechrit Maneetham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper was to design a void and head controlled electric power wheelchair (EPW). A novel activate the control system for quadriplegics with voice, head and neck mobility. Head movement has been used as a control interface for people with motor impairments in a range of applications. Acquiring measurements from the module is simplified through a synchronous a motor. Axis measures the two directions namely x and y. At the same time, patients can control the motorized wheelchair using voice signals (forward, backward, turn left, turn right, and stop) given by it self. The model of a dc motor is considered as a speed control by selection of a PID parameters using genetic algorithm. An experimental set-up constructed, which consists of micro controller as controller, a DC motor driven EPW and feedback elements. This paper is tuning methods of parameter for a pulse width modulation (PWM) control system. A speed controller has been designed successfully for closed loop of the dc motor so that the motor runs very closed to the reference speed and angle. Intelligent wheelchair can be used to ensure the person’s voice and head are attending the direction of travel asserted by a conventional, direction and speed control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair" title="wheelchair">wheelchair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadriplegia" title=" quadriplegia"> quadriplegia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation "> rehabilitation </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20devices" title=" medical devices"> medical devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13715/voice-and-head-controlled-intelligent-wheelchair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">540</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> Fall Avoidance Control of Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Type Robotic Wheelchair While Climbing Stairs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Ding">Nan Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motoki%20Shino"> Motoki Shino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobuyasu%20Tomokuni"> Nobuyasu Tomokuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Genki%20Murata"> Genki Murata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wheelchair is the major means of transport for physically disabled people. However, it cannot overcome architectural barriers such as curbs and stairs. In this paper, the authors proposed a method to avoid falling down of a wheeled inverted pendulum type robotic wheelchair for climbing stairs. The problem of this system is that the feedback gain of the wheels cannot be set high due to modeling errors and gear backlash, which results in the movement of wheels. Therefore, the wheels slide down the stairs or collide with the side of the stairs, and finally the wheelchair falls down. To avoid falling down, the authors proposed a slider control strategy based on skyhook model in order to decrease the movement of wheels, and a rotary link control strategy based on the staircase dimensions in order to avoid collision or slide down. The effectiveness of the proposed fall avoidance control strategy was validated by ODE simulations and the prototype wheelchair. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPW" title="EPW">EPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fall%20avoidance%20control" title=" fall avoidance control"> fall avoidance control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skyhook" title=" skyhook"> skyhook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheeled%20inverted%20pendulum" title=" wheeled inverted pendulum"> wheeled inverted pendulum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63772/fall-avoidance-control-of-wheeled-inverted-pendulum-type-robotic-wheelchair-while-climbing-stairs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> There Is a Reversal Effect of Relative Age in Elite Senior Athletics: Successful Young Men Are «Early-Born Athletes», While in Adults There Are More «Late-Born» Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bezuglov%20Eduard">Bezuglov Eduard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achkasov%20Evgeniy"> Achkasov Evgeniy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emanov%20Anton"> Emanov Anton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shagiakhmetova%20Larisa"> Shagiakhmetova Larisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pirmakhanov%20Bekzhan"> Pirmakhanov Bekzhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morgans%20Ryland"> Morgans Ryland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Previous studies have found that there is a wide range of the relative age effect (RAE) in young athletes, which is dependent on age and gender. However, there is currently scant data comparing the prevalence of the RAE in successful athletes across different age groups from the same sport during the same time period. We aimed to compare the prevalence of the RAE in different age groups of successful athletes. Materials and methods: The date of birth of all youth (under 18 years old) and senior (20 years and above) male and female track and field athletes were analyzed. All athletes had entered the World Top 20 rankings in disciplines where performance rules were the same at youth and adult levels. Data were collected from the website www. tilostopaja.eu between 1999 and 2006. Results: A significant prevalence of RAE in successful youth track and field athletes were reported. Early-born (61,1%) and late-born (38,9%) athletes were represented respectively (χ2 = 131,1, p < 0,001, ϖ = 0,24). The RAE is not significant in successful senior track and field athletes. Athletes born in the first half of the year are only 0.4% more prevalent than athletes born in the second half of the year (50,2% and 49,8%, respectively). Olympic Games and World Championship medalists are more often late-born athletes (44,1% and 55,9%, respectively) (p = 0,014, χ2 = 6,1, ϖ = 0,20). Conclusion: The RAE is only prevalent in successful young track and field athletes. The RAE was not observed in successful senior track and field athletes, regardless of gender, in any of the analyzed discipline groups. The RAE reverse was observed in successful senior track and field athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20age%20effect" title="relative age effect">relative age effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=track" title=" track"> track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20field" title=" and field"> and field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent%20identification" title=" talent identification"> talent identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underdog%20effect" title=" underdog effect"> underdog effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153883/there-is-a-reversal-effect-of-relative-age-in-elite-senior-athletics-successful-young-men-are-early-born-athletes-while-in-adults-there-are-more-late-born-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> Analysis of Mechanisms for Design of Add-On Device to Assist in Stair Climbing of Wheelchairs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Kumar%20Prajapat">Manish Kumar Prajapat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishwajeet%20Sikchi"> Vishwajeet Sikchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present scenario, many motorized stair climbing wheelchairs are available in the western countries which are significantly expensive and hence are not popular in developing countries. Also, such wheelchairs tend to be bulkier and heavy which makes their use for normal conditions difficult. Manually operated solutions are rarely explored in this space. Therefore, this project aims at developing a manually operated cost effective solution for the same. Differently abled people are not required to climb stairs frequently in their daily use. Because of this, carrying a stair climbing mechanism attached to the wheelchair permanently adds redundant weight to the wheelchair which reduces ease of use of the wheelchair. Hence, the idea of add-on device for stair climbing was envisaged wherein the wheelchair is mounted onto add-on only at the time when climbing the stairs is required. This work analyses in detail the mechanism for stair climbing of conventional wheelchair followed by analysis and iterations on multiple mechanisms to identify the most suitable mechanism for application in the add-on device. Further, this work imparts specific attention to optimize the force and time required for stair climbing of wheelchairs. The most suitable mechanism identified was validated by building and testing a prototype. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=add-on%20device" title="add-on device">add-on device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocker-Bogie" title=" Rocker-Bogie"> Rocker-Bogie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stair%20climbing" title=" stair climbing"> stair climbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=star%20wheel" title=" star wheel"> star wheel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=y%20wheel" title=" y wheel"> y wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68796/analysis-of-mechanisms-for-design-of-add-on-device-to-assist-in-stair-climbing-of-wheelchairs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> A Comparative Study of Sports Competitive Anxiety Level among Male and Female Collegiate Level Athletes of Ponda City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Om%20Kashyap">Hari Om Kashyap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Gurudas%20Maulingkar"> Rohit Gurudas Maulingkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study was to compare sports competition anxiety levels between male and female college athletes of Ponda City. A total number of 50 athletes were selected as a subject for this research, where 25 male athletes and 25 female athletes of age between 18 to 22 years were selected. The purposive method was used for the selection of samples from Ponda city. Sports Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT) by R. Martin, 1990, was used for data collection. For comparing Sports Competitive Anxiety between male and female college athletes independent “t” test was applied at a 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study indicates that the p-value is .013178, and the result is significant at p<.05, which means there was a significant difference found in sports competitive anxiety between male athletes and female athletes who are taking part in various intercollegiate sports competitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20anxiety" title="competitive anxiety">competitive anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athlete" title=" athlete"> athlete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male" title=" male"> male</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title=" female"> female</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159644/a-comparative-study-of-sports-competitive-anxiety-level-among-male-and-female-collegiate-level-athletes-of-ponda-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">351</span> Depressive Symptoms of U.S. Collegiate Athletes: Risk Factors and Implementations for Mental Health Well-Being for Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20R.%20LaVetter">David R. LaVetter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20B.%20Homatas"> Justin B. Homatas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Benavides%20Espinoza"> Claudia Benavides Espinoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An increased awareness of depression rates among collegiate athletes has aided educational institutions to evaluate their mental health resources for athletes. This paper adds to our knowledge of this growing problem among collegiate athletes. National athletic associations and educational institutions are more knowledgeable of the mental health crisis facing hundreds of thousands of athletes each year, and some have implemented resources to improve mental health. However, college athletes continue to experience depressive symptoms at increasing rates. In this paper, depression rates for the vast numbers of collegiate athletes were found to be significantly greater than the general adult population. This paper used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to examine the literature’s findings on depression rates among collegiate athletes. Particularly, this study answers questions related to risk factors of college athletes’ depressive symptoms. Risk factors unique to this population are also discussed. Prevalence rates by sport participant gender and sport are provided. Implementation measures in current practice at educational institutions in the U.S. are discussed to help alleviate depression rates among college athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20athletes" title="college athletes">college athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182025/depressive-symptoms-of-us-collegiate-athletes-risk-factors-and-implementations-for-mental-health-well-being-for-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">350</span> Assessment of Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of Omani University Student Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanat%20Ali">Amanat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20S.%20Al-Siyabi"> Muhammad S. Al-Siyabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20I.%20Waly"> Mostafa I. Waly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashem%20Al-Kilani"> Hashem Al-Kilani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a cross-sectional research design, we assessed the nutrient intake, nutritional status, nutritional knowledge and dietary habits of Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) student athletes. A total of 71 (49 male and 22 female) student athletes with a mean age of 21.0 ± 1.81 and 19.32 ± 0.72 years and body mass index (BMI) of 22.51 ± 1.98 and 20.34 ± 2.97 kg/m2 for male and female respectively, participated in this study. A study questionnaire consisting of 2 sections was distributed to the participants. Section I included 18 questions regarding the demographic information, whereas the Section II consisted of 20 questions regarding the nutrition knowledge. The dietary intake of participants was collected by using a 7-days food diary identifying the frequency as well as the variety of food consumption. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the main sources of nutrition information used by the male and female athletes. Male athletes mainly had most of the nutrition information from friends (17%) whereas female athletes relied mainly on the family (20%). More female athletes (20%) were using TV as a source of nutrition information as compared to male athletes (15%). Both male and female athletes had the minimum nutrition information from dietitians and physicians. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were also observed in the nutritional knowledge and dietary habits scores of male and female athletes, which were 57 % and 49 %, respectively. Male athletes were classified to have fair nutritional knowledge and dietary habits, whereas the female athletes had poor nutritional knowledge and dietary habits. The average daily energy intake of male athletes was 2595 ± 358 kcal/day. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein contributed 64%, 22%, and 14%, of the total energy intake for the male athletes, respectively. The energy and macronutrients intake of male athletes was within the recommended dietary intake. The results indicated some gaps in the nutritional knowledge of SQU student athletes and suggest that there is a need for developing strategies in counseling and teaching the athletes to improve their nutritional knowledge and dietary habits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20assessment" title="nutrient assessment">nutrient assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20knowledge" title=" nutritional knowledge"> nutritional knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20habits" title=" dietary habits"> dietary habits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omani%20University%20athletes" title=" Omani University athletes"> Omani University athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12459/assessment-of-nutrient-intake-nutritional-knowledge-and-dietary-habits-of-omani-university-student-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">349</span> Student-Athletes Self-Concept, GPA and Training in the Climate of Social Networking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indhumathi%20Gopal">Indhumathi Gopal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashley%20Johnson"> Ashley Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social media use for communication among college student-athletes is growing. There is little research on student-athletes use of Blogs, one of the online communication tool outlets. Twenty-seven student-athletes, aged 18-24 years completed a student perception questionnaire which assessed demographics, the effect of blogging on college student-athletes self-concept, the correlation of age, GPA and blogging as well as the training students received in the use of social media. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were analyzed examined. Results indicated a significant correlation between use of Blogs and student age (p < .01) and student GPA earned (p < .01). With respect to self-concept, results suggest that blogging could be a useful tool for communication but can present challenges, could affect student self-esteem either, positively or negatively. The training student-athletes received in the use of social media was not adequate. College athletes’ can more easily divulge information about their personal lives and opinions on social media and challenge the athletic programs and their own future. The findings of the study suggest implications for student-athletes to be better prepared for the current media climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20student-athletes" title="college student-athletes">college student-athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title=" self-concept"> self-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20of%20social%20media%20training" title=" use of social media training"> use of social media training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking" title=" social networking"> social networking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34537/student-athletes-self-concept-gpa-and-training-in-the-climate-of-social-networking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">348</span> Relations among Coping with Stress, Anxiety and the Achievement Motive of Athletes and Non-Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dragana%20Tomic">Dragana Tomic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with relations among strategies and styles of coping with stress, social interaction anxiety and the achievement motive of young athletes and non-athletes. The research was conducted on the sample of 402 examinees (197 female and 205 male participants) of the average age of 20.76, divided into three groups: athletes, recreationists, and non-athletes. The COPE-S questionnaire, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and the Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (MOP 2002) were used for conducting this research and they had satisfactory reliability. The results of the research indicate that athletes, recreationists and non-athletes are not different when it comes to strategies and styles of coping with stress. Non- athletes have more noticeable social interaction anxiety when compared to athletes (U=5281.5, p=.000) and also when compared to recreationists (U=7573, p=.000). There was a difference among these three groups in the achievement motive (χ2(2)=23,544, p=.000) and the three components of this motive (Competing with others, χ2(2)=31,718, p=.000, Perseverance, χ2(2)=9,415, p=.009 and Planning orientation, χ2(2)=8,171, p=.017). The research also indicates a significant difference in the relation between social interaction anxiety and the achievement motive of examinee subgroups, where the most significant difference is between athletes and non- athletes (q=-.45). Moreover, women more frequently use emotion-focused coping (U=16718, p=.003), while men more frequently use avoidance (U=14895.5, p=.000). Women have a lead when it comes to expressing social anxiety (U=17750.5, p=.036) and the achievement motive (U=17395.5, p=.020). The discussion of the results includes findings of similar previous research and theoretical concepts of the variables which were examined. Future research should be oriented towards examining the background of the differences which were (not) gained as well as towards the influence of personality dimensions on the variables which were examined in order to apply the results in practice in the best way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement%20motivation" title="achievement motivation">achievement motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20with%20stress" title=" coping with stress"> coping with stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-athletes" title=" non-athletes"> non-athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recreationists" title=" recreationists"> recreationists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20interaction%20anxiety" title=" social interaction anxiety"> social interaction anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85173/relations-among-coping-with-stress-anxiety-and-the-achievement-motive-of-athletes-and-non-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">347</span> Media Representation and Visibility of Female Athletes in Sporting Events Featuring Both Female and Male Competitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20A.%20Jennings">L. A. Jennings</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional sports media marginalizes or ignores female athletes in their coverage despite increasing numbers of female participation in professional sports. However, in venues in which women and men compete in the same event, such as fighting sports, media coverage of female athletes increases dramatically. Focusing on fighting sports, including boxing, submission wrestling, kickboxing, and Mixed Martial Arts, this paper demonstrates that inclusive venues provide an avenue for female athletes to receive equitable promotion, media coverage, and sponsorship opportunities using data from ESPN, Neilson, the Fan Report, and other emerging sources. This paper further argues that transgendered and nonbinary athletes could thrive in these environments in future sporting activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports" title="sports">sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20media" title=" sports media"> sports media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20in%20sports" title=" women in sports"> women in sports</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169134/media-representation-and-visibility-of-female-athletes-in-sporting-events-featuring-both-female-and-male-competitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">346</span> Comparative Analysis of Competitive State Anxiety among Team Sport and Individual Sport Athletes in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Soltani">Hossein Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Hojati"> Zahra Hojati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Reza%20Attarzadeh%20Hossini"> Seyed Reza Attarzadeh Hossini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anxiety levels before and during competition are not clear due to conflicting findings; various athletes have reported different levels of anxiety from much too low. With respect to the fact that every sport field has its own special nature, and the lack of a comprehensive theory in this field made the author to compare competitive state anxiety among team sport and individual sport athletes in Iran. The sample included 120 male athletes, 60 athletes in individual sports (taekwondo, karate, and wrestling) and 60 athletes in team sports (volleyball, basketball, futsal). All participants in this study were regularly competing at the super leagues and regional level. The research instrument employed was the Persian version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. This inventory was distributed among the subjects about 30 minutes before the first competition. Finally, using one-way ANOVA data was analyzed. The results indicated that the mean score of cognitive and somatic anxiety among individual sport athletes was higher than that of team sport athletes (P<0.05). Self-confidence levels of individual sports athletes was higher than that of team sports athletes but the difference was not significant (P >0.05). It seems the being part of a team alleviates some of the pressure experienced by those who compete alone. Conclusion: Individual sport athletes may be more exposed to evaluation and more engaged in their own skills and abilities than team sport athletes given that responsibility for performance is not distributed across several performers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20state%20anxiety" title="competitive state anxiety">competitive state anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20anxiety" title=" cognitive anxiety"> cognitive anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20anxiety" title=" somatic anxiety"> somatic anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=team%20sports" title=" team sports"> team sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20sports" title=" individual sports"> individual sports</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32449/comparative-analysis-of-competitive-state-anxiety-among-team-sport-and-individual-sport-athletes-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">345</span> Doping in Sport: Attitudes, Beliefs and Knowledge of Talented</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Nolte">Kim Nolte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20J.%20M.%20Steyn"> Ben J. M. Steyn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pieter%20E.%20Kr%C3%BCger"> Pieter E. Krüger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lizelle%20Fletcher"> Lizelle Fletcher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The primary aim of this research was to determine the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of talented young South African athletes regarding prohibited performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and anti-doping rules and regulations. Methods: This was a survey study and a quantitative research approach was used. South African TuksSport academy athletes at the High Performance Centre, University of Pretoria and competitive high school athletes at four private high schools in Gauteng completed the survey. A self-determined structured questionnaire was used to establish the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of the athletes. Results: A total of 346 (208 males, 138 females) athletes, age (mean ± SD) 16.9 ±1.41 years participated in the survey. According to this survey, 3.9% of the athletes in this survey admitted to be using a prohibited PED and more than 14% of the athletes said they would consider using a prohibited PED if they knew they would not get caught out. Ambition (46%) and emotional pressure (22.5%) was the primary reasons why the athletes would consider using prohibited PEDs. Even though coaches appear to be the main source of information (PEDs and anti-doping rules), only 42.1% of the athletes felt they were well informed. Conclusion: Controlling doping by means of testing is important. However, it is not sufficient and interventions should include psychosocial programmes planned and developed focusing on changing attitudes towards doping and doping culture, as well as the appropriate education specifically on the health risks of using PEDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title="doping">doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-doping" title=" anti-doping"> anti-doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes%20and%20sport" title=" athletes and sport"> athletes and sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9871/doping-in-sport-attitudes-beliefs-and-knowledge-of-talented" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">344</span> A Study on Pre and Post Competitive State Anxiety among the Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Choudhary">Vinay Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibakordor%20Patlong"> Ibakordor Patlong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates and evaluates pre and post competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and performance of the athletes. The Cognitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was administered to collect data from 73 athletes, both men, and women, before and after the competition, who participated in the Reliance Foundation Youth Sports (RFYS)-Athletics, held at Gachibowli Stadium, Hyderabad. A paired t-test was used to find the significant difference between the pre and post-competition. Results showed that the levels of cognitive state anxiety before the competition was low as compared after the competition and the levels of somatic state anxiety before the competition was high as compared after the competition whereas the levels of self-confidence before the competition was high as compared after the competition. This study concludes that the levels of cognitive state anxiety increases after the competition as athletes could not perform according to the performance expectations, on the contrary, the levels of somatic anxiety decrease as there was no pressure of performance on the athletes after the competition and the levels of self-confidence decreases after the competition as athletes could not reach their desired performance levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre%20and%20post" title=" pre and post"> pre and post</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSAI-2" title=" CSAI-2"> CSAI-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-confidence" title=" self-confidence"> self-confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128758/a-study-on-pre-and-post-competitive-state-anxiety-among-the-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">343</span> An Exploration of Athlete Tattoos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Yu%20Chien">Chen-Yu Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiow-Fang%20Shieh"> Shiow-Fang Shieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tattoos are the most intimate form of body art. Unlike other art forms, tattoos emphasize breaking through tradition, innovation, and creativity. The designs created by tattoo artists are often regarded as true works of art. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in athletes with tattoos, thereby amplifying the beliefs and psychological expressions conveyed by tattoos on athletes compared to the past. The primary objectives of this study are 1. to explore and understand the presence and significance of tattoos for athletes and 2. to examine the impact of tattoos on athletes' performance. This study employs a semi-structured, in-depth interview method utilizing purposive sampling. The participants are athletes who have engaged in regular exercise for more than three years and have tattoos. A total of 10 athletes were interviewed, including 9 males and 1 female, aged between 24 and 43 years, each with different sports specializations. The sample was collected using snowball sampling. Results and Discussion: 1. For athletes, tattoos are not merely body decorations but serve to reinforce their inner beliefs, thereby enhancing their athletic performance. 2. Tattoos have a positive impact on the appearance of athletes. 3. The influence of tattoos on athletic performance extends beyond physical appearance, serving as a psychological motivation and support. 4. Individuals with tattoos tend to be more outgoing and extroverted, with higher impulsivity and adventurousness in their athletic endeavors. Conclusion: I. For athletes, tattoos not only have a positive impact on their appearance but also strengthen their internal beliefs. II. Athletes with tattoos exhibit not only greater extroversion and openness but also heightened impulsivity and adventurousness in their athletic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tattoo" title="tattoo">tattoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletic%20performance" title=" athletic performance"> athletic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20impact" title=" psychological impact"> psychological impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20art" title=" body art"> body art</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186419/an-exploration-of-athlete-tattoos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">342</span> Assessing the Current State of Wheelchair Accessibility in Shopping Centers and Stores in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majed%20M.%20Mustafa">Majed M. Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20A.%20Altassan"> Abdulrahman A. Altassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, ensuring accessibility for all individuals, particularly those with mobility impairments, has gained significant attention in Saudi Arabia. This research aims to evaluate wheelchair accessibility in shopping centers, malls, and stores across the kingdom, highlighting its critical role in promoting inclusivity and equal access. The study will focus on the availability and quality of ramps, automatic doors, lifts, accessible restrooms, and overall ease of navigation for wheelchair users. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research will employ site assessments, user surveys, and interviews with facility managers to gather comprehensive data. Preliminary findings indicate that while some facilities have made strides in accessibility, there are still numerous areas requiring improvement. The study will provide targeted recommendations to enhance accessibility, ensuring that all users can navigate shopping environments with ease and dignity. Conclusively, this research underscores the need for continuous efforts and policy enhancements to achieve universal design standards in public spaces within Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20doors" title="automatic doors">automatic doors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equal%20access" title=" equal access"> equal access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ramp%20quality" title=" ramp quality"> ramp quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20accessibility" title=" wheelchair accessibility"> wheelchair accessibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186916/assessing-the-current-state-of-wheelchair-accessibility-in-shopping-centers-and-stores-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> Psychological Skills Training for Severely Injured Athletes to Enhance Recovery and Return to Sport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20E%20Coumbe-Lilley">John E Coumbe-Lilley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This IRB-approved study explored athletes' emotional recovery experiences following a severe sports injury keeping them out of their sport for six months or longer. A realistic thematic analytical approach was used to interpret the findings of 44 semi-structured interviews of athletes who competed at high school, college, and professional levels of competition. Thematic analysis validated by a self-rating scale demonstrated athletes cross a series of emotional thresholds during their injury rehabilitation process. Results showed athletes crossed two to six emotional thresholds before positive emotion and coping were consistently experienced following their injury. Athletes reported being unequipped to cope with negative emotional intensity, the longevity of recovery, and enduring depression during long-term rehabilitation. Positive emotional recovery was expected no sooner than nine months and up to 2.5 years following a sports injury. In addition, 100% of athletes received no psychological skills training (PST) for coping and recovery, and 93% of athletes indicated passive psychological coping strategies in the first month following injury, which extended their time to recover. Athletes recommended immediate, realistic, and evidence-based strategies benefitting the emotional recovery of severely injured athletes emotional recovery to improve athletes' emotional well-being during long-term rehabilitation and enhance their return to sport. Future experimental research might compare the post-PST program that emerged from this study to determine its efficacy in improving the recovery of severely injured athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports" title="sports">sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20skills%20training" title=" psychological skills training"> psychological skills training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping" title=" coping"> coping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154222/psychological-skills-training-for-severely-injured-athletes-to-enhance-recovery-and-return-to-sport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> A Study for Turkish Underwater Sports Federation Athletes: Evaluation of the Street Foods Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Tezel">Su Tezel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with licensed athletes affiliated with the Turkish Underwater Sports Federation to assess the consumption status of street food. The aim of the paper is the frequency of training during competition preparatory training or season periods, the athletes' economic situation, social life, work-life or education situations are the directs them to street food? Also to evaluate the importance that athletes attach to their nutritional status. Data were collected with survey method. 141 underwater sports athletes participated in the survey. Empirical findings on 141 respondents are related to athletes' demographic information, which underwater sports branch they doing (underwater hockey, underwater rugby and free diving), with whom they live, training hours and frequency, street food consumption frequency and preferences, which type drinks they prefer drink with or without street foods and other similar things. Most of the athletes were male (64.5%), female (35.5%) and the most athletes from the sports branches included in the survey belong to underwater hockey (95.7%). 93.7% of athletes have a training time between 08:00 pm to 00:00 am and the frequency of consuming street food after training is 88%. As a remarkable result, 48% of the reasons for consuming street food easy access to street foods after training. Statistical analyzes were made with the data obtained and the status of street food consumption of athletes, whether they were suitable for professional athlete nutrition and their attitudes were evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title="nutrition">nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20foods" title=" street foods"> street foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20hockey" title=" underwater hockey"> underwater hockey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20sport" title=" underwater sport"> underwater sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121123/a-study-for-turkish-underwater-sports-federation-athletes-evaluation-of-the-street-foods-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> A Study on Functional Performance and Physical Self-esteem Levels of Differently-Abled Basket Ballplayers: A Case Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prerna%20Mohan%20Saxena">Prerna Mohan Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avni%20Joshi"> Avni Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20K%20Parasher"> Raju K Parasher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disability is a state of decreased functioning associated with disease, disorder, injury, or other health condition, which in the context of one’s environment is experienced as an impairment, activity limitation, or participation restriction. With the concept of disability evolving over the years, the current ICF model of disability has integrated this concept into a comprehensive whole of multiple dimensions of human functioning, including biological, psychological, social, and environmental aspects. Wheelchair basketball is one of the greatest examples of adapted sports for the disabled. Through this study, we aim to evaluate the functional performance and self-esteem levels in differently-abled pediatric wheelchair basketball players, providing an insight on their abilities and deficits and how they can be worked on at a larger level to improve overall performance. The study was conducted on 9 pediatric wheelchair basketball players at Amar Jyoti school for inclusive education Delhi their physical performance was assessed using a battery of tests, and physical self esteem was assessed using the Physical self-description instrument (PSDQ-S). Results showed that 9 participants age ranged between 10-21 years, mostly males with BMI ranging between 16.7 to 28.9 kg/m2 most of them had the experience of 5 to 6 years of playing the sport. The data showed physical performance in accordance to years of experience of playing, physical self esteem showed a different perspective, with experience players scoring less on it. This study supports a multidimensional construct of physical performance and physical self-esteem, suggesting that both may be applied on the wheelchair basketball players at competitive levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ase%20series" title="ase series">ase series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20performance" title=" physical performance"> physical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20self-esteem" title=" physical self-esteem"> physical self-esteem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20basketball" title=" wheelchair basketball"> wheelchair basketball</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158796/a-study-on-functional-performance-and-physical-self-esteem-levels-of-differently-abled-basket-ballplayers-a-case-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> Immediate Effect of Augmented Feedback on Jumping Performance of the Athletes with Dynamic Knee Valgus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamadreza%20Hatefi">Mohamadreza Hatefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malihe%20Hadadnezhad"> Malihe Hadadnezhad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well established that jump-landing-related biomechanical deficiencies, such as dynamic knee valgus (DKV), can be improved by using various forms of feedback; However, the effectiveness of these interventions synchronously on athletes' jumping performance remains unknown. Twenty-one recreational athletes with DKV performed countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop vertical jump (DVJ) tasks before and after feedback intervention while the kinematic, force plate and electromyography data of the lower extremity were synchronously captured. The athletes’ jumping performance was calculated by using the reactive strength index-modified (RSIₘₒ𝒹). The athletes at the post-intervention exhibited significantly less hip adduction and more tibial internal rotation during both CMJ and DVJ tasks and maximum knee flexion just during DVJ task. Moreover, athletes exhibited increased time to take-off and consequently decreased RSIₘₒ𝒹 during DVJ task, but no difference was observed in CMJ task. Feedback immediately improved DKV without disturbing the athletes’ jumping height during both tasks, But athletes exhibited increased time to take-off and consequently decreased RSIₘₒ𝒹 only during DVJ task, which suggests that the results may differ according to the nature of jumping task. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of landing-related biomechanical deficiencies improvement on athletes' jumping performance must be investigated in the long-term as a new movement pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20strength%20index" title="reactive strength index">reactive strength index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback" title=" feedback"> feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title=" biomechanics"> biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20knee%20valgus" title=" dynamic knee valgus"> dynamic knee valgus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166613/immediate-effect-of-augmented-feedback-on-jumping-performance-of-the-athletes-with-dynamic-knee-valgus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> The Knowledge and Attitude of Doping among Junior Athletes and Coaches in Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahadula%20I.%20P.%20Kumari">Mahadula I. P. Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasturiratne%20%20A."> Kasturiratne A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=De%20Silva%20AP"> De Silva AP</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doping refers to an athlete's use of banned substances as a method to improve training and performance in sports. It is known that some young athletes use banned substances in Sri Lanka without knowing their side effects and associated health risks. The main objective of this study was to describe the level of knowledge and attitude among junior athletes and coaches on doping in sports. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Four individual sports and six team sports were taken into the study. Schools were selected considering the results of the all-island school sports competitions 2017. Two hundred sixty-two female athletes, 290 male athletes and 30 coaches representing all sports counted into this study. The data collection method was a self-administered questionnaire and SPSS Version 21 was used for the data analysis. According to the result, 79% of athletes have heard of the term "doping," and 21% have never heard of it. This means these children have not been educated on doping. A number of questions were asked to study the level of knowledge of the coaches and players. Those who answered the questions correctly were given a mark. According to the marks, it is evident that the level of knowledge of the players and coaches is very low. All athletes and coaches do not accept the use of banned substances. This shows that athletes and coaches have a good attitude about winning without cheating. It was evident that athletes in athletics, weightlifting, rugby, and badminton had some level of knowledge about banned substances. All coaches stated that school athletes and coaches do not have sufficient knowledge of banned substances. And they should be made aware of it. This study has revealed that school/Junior athletes and coaches have limited knowledge of banned substances. School children and coaches need to be educated about banned substances and their harmful effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title=" doping"> doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lanka" title=" Sri Lanka"> Sri Lanka</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141321/the-knowledge-and-attitude-of-doping-among-junior-athletes-and-coaches-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Nutritional Supplement Usage among Disabled Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aylin%20Hasbay%20B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkkarag%C3%B6z">Aylin Hasbay Büyükkaragöz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zehra%20B%C3%BCy%C3%BCktuncer"> Zehra Büyüktuncer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tu%C4%9F%C3%A7e%20Nur%20Balc%C4%B1"> Tuğçe Nur Balcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevin%20Ergun"> Nevin Ergun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Nutritional supplement usage is widespread among athletes all over the world. However, the usage among disabled athletes is not well-known. This study aimed to evaluate dietary supplement use in disabled athletes, their motivation for consuming supplements, sources of information, and their side effect. Methods: A total of 75 Turkish National Team's disabled athletes (38 female, 37 male) from 5 sport branches (soccer, weight lifting, shooting, table tennis and basketball), aged 13- 55 years, were participated in the study. Nutritional supplement usage was inquired using a questionnaire by a dietitian at their preparation camps. Results: A total of 22.7% of the athletes (18.4% and 27% of, respectively females and males) used some type of dietary supplements. Protein (35.3%), amino acid (29.4%), carnitine (29.4%), creatine (23.5%) and glucosamine (23.5%) were mostly preferred nutritional supplements by all athletes. The most common supplements use was obtained among weightlifters (71.4%), followed by the athletes of soccer (23.5%), table tennis (15.4%), and basketball (6.7%). No nutritional supplement usage was observed among shooters. Total of 41.2% consumers declared more than one reason for taking nutritional supplements. The main motivation for supplement usage was improving athletic performance (63.5%). Other reasons were weight loss, weight gain, muscle development, health protection and nutritional support. Athletes were more likely to get recommendation about nutritional supplement usage from team coaches (48.9%). Of 35.6% athletes reported that they made their own decision about using supplements. Other information sources were health professional, family member, friend and sale manager of sport retail store. Only 3 of 17 athletes reported side effects which were increased urine output, weight gain, loss of appetite and intestinal gas. Conclusions: Nutritional supplement usage was not common among disabled athletes. However, getting information from incompetent sources is disquieting. Considering their health problems, accurate information from competent sources should be provided to disabled athletes. Moreover, long term effects of nutritional supplements among disabled athletes should be examined in further studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disabled%20athletes" title="disabled athletes">disabled athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergogenic%20aid" title=" ergogenic aid"> ergogenic aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20supplement" title=" nutritional supplement"> nutritional supplement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20supplementation" title=" vitamin supplementation"> vitamin supplementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44115/nutritional-supplement-usage-among-disabled-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> A Smart Electric Power Wheelchair Controlled by Head Motion </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dechrit%20Maneetham">Dechrit Maneetham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper was to design a smart electric power wheelchair (SEPW) with a novel control system for quadriplegics with head and neck mobility. Head movement has been used as a control interface for people with motor impairments in a range of applications. Acquiring measurements from the module is simplified through a synchronous a motor. Axis measures the two directions namely X ,Y and Z. The model of a DC motor is considered as a speed control by selection of a PID parameters using genetic algorithm. An experimental set-up constructed, which consists of micro controller Arduino ATmega32u4 as controllers, a DC motor driven SEPW and feedback elements. And this paper is tuning methods of parameter for a pulse width modulation (PWM) control system. A speed controller has been designed successfully for closed loop of the DC motor so that the motor runs very closed to the reference speed and angle. SEPW controller can be used to ensure the person’s head is attending the direction of travel asserted by a conventional, direction and speed control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair" title="wheelchair">wheelchair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadriplegia" title=" quadriplegia"> quadriplegia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20devices" title=" medical devices"> medical devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2267/a-smart-electric-power-wheelchair-controlled-by-head-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> Including Local Economic and Anthropometric Parameters in the Design of an Stand up Wheelchair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urrutia%20Fernando">Urrutia Fernando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%B3pez%20Jessica"> López Jessica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A1nchez%20Carlos"> Sánchez Carlos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=San%20Antonio%20Thal%C3%ADa"> San Antonio Thalía</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ecuador, as a signatory country of the convention of the rights of persons with disabilities (CRPD) has, in the recent years, strengthened the structures and legal framework required to protect this minority comprised of 13.2% of its total population. However, the reality is that this group has disproportionately low earnings and low educational attainment in comparison with the general population. The main struggles, to promote job placement of wheelchairs users, are environmental discrimination caused by accessibility in structures and transportation, this mainly due to the cost, for private and public entities, of performing the reasonable accommodation they require. It is widely known that product development and production is needed to support effective implementation of the CRPD and that walking and standing are the major life activities, in this context the objective of this investigation is to promote job placement of wheelchair user in the province of Tungurahua by means of the design, production and marketing of a customized stand up wheelchair. Exploratory interviews and measurements were performed in a representative sample of working age wheelchairs users that develop their disability after achieving their physical maturity and that are capable of performing professional activities with their upper limbs, this in order to detect the user’s preference and determine the local economic and anthropometric parameters to be included in the wheelchair design. The findings reveal factors that uniquely impact quality of life and development for people with a mobility disability within the context of the province, first that transportation is a big issue since public buses does not have accessibility for wheelchair users and the absence of curb cuts and the presence of trash bins over the sidewalks among other hinders an economic independent mobility, second that the proposal based in the idea of modifying the wheelchairs to make it able to overcome certain obstacles helps people in wheelchair to improve their independent living and by reducing the costs of modification for the employer could improve their chances of finding work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometrics" title="anthropometrics">anthropometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20placement" title=" job placement"> job placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stand%20up%20wheelchair" title=" stand up wheelchair"> stand up wheelchair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20centered%20design" title=" user centered design"> user centered design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30216/including-local-economic-and-anthropometric-parameters-in-the-design-of-an-stand-up-wheelchair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Muslim Women’s Motivation for Physical Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nargess%20Fasihmardanloo">Nargess Fasihmardanloo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to comparatively study the motivations of women to physical activity in Iran and selected Arab countries Based on individual, social and Islamic components. The present study was a descriptive comparative study that was performed by field method. The statistical population of the study included female athletes in Iran and Arab countries. A total of 184 people from Iran and 179 people from Arab countries (Iraq, UAE, and Jordan) were selected through available sampling as a research sample. The research tool included a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability in a pilot study was 0.95 through Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Persian in Iran and translated into Arabic for the selected countries and was provided to the participants electronically and through cyberspace. Finally, 363 questionnaires were collected. Manova multivariate analysis of variance using spss22 software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that between Iranian women athletes and women athletes in selected Arab countries in the components of intrapersonal motivation (p = 0.009 and f = 6.978), interpersonal motivation (p = 0.050 and f = 3.875), There is a significant difference between social motives (p = 0.001 and f = 27.619) and Islamic motives (p = 0.001 and f = 11.339). And this difference is significant at the level of p <0.01 and p <0.05. In other words, in the component of intrapersonal motivations, the average of this component in Iranian female athletes (M = 59.77) was higher than female athletes in selected Arab countries (M = 55.53). In the interpersonal motivations component, the average of this component in Iranian female athletes (M = 26.87) was lower than in female athletes in selected Arab countries (M = 28.62). In the component of social motivations, the average of this component in Iranian female athletes (M = 33.08) was lower than female athletes in selected Arab countries (M = 39.64). In the component of Islamic motives, the average of this component in Iranian female athletes (M = 21.55) was higher than female athletes in selected Arab countries (M = 19.04). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title="athletes">athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic" title=" Islamic"> Islamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160803/muslim-womens-motivation-for-physical-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Reducing Anxiety in Elite Athletes: The Effects of Implementing a Moderate Running Regimen, a Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spencer%20C.%20Pratt">Spencer C. Pratt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anxiety is an emotional response that many, if not all, elite athletes struggle with on a daily basis. Recently, attention has been drawn to the strong need for athletes to receive mental training in order to help remedy the situation. The conceptual paper explores the effectiveness of a mental training component, based on the anxiolytic effects of exercise by investigating the positive relationship between physical activity and mental health through a comprehensive literature review. The review synthesizes pertinent research regarding the need for mental skills training among elite athletes and the anxiolytic effects of exercise. The paper concludes that with clear positive results from further experimentation with a (moderate intensity) running regimen, a wide range of elite athletes experiencing anxiety problems may have a viable solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20training%20component" title=" mental training component"> mental training component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiolytic%20effects" title=" anxiolytic effects"> anxiolytic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20athletes" title=" elite athletes"> elite athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderate%20intensity%20running" title=" moderate intensity running"> moderate intensity running</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20skills%20training" title=" mental skills training"> mental skills training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=running%20regimen" title=" running regimen"> running regimen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71716/reducing-anxiety-in-elite-athletes-the-effects-of-implementing-a-moderate-running-regimen-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Psychopedagogical Service for the Promotion of Cognitive Abilities in Competitive Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Esteves">T. Esteves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mesquita"> S. Mesquita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Santos"> A. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Campina"> A. Campina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Costa-Lobo"> C. Costa-Lobo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The theme regarding the differentiation of high-performance athletes has always aroused curiosity and fascination, becoming a target for study, especially in the social and human sciences. It was from the 60's and 70's that the concern for the study of the excellence of athletes that showed indices of high performance in sports began to arise. From the 1990s, it became possible to specify the mental competencies and psychological characteristics associated with Olympic athletes with high levels of success. Several studies considered that well-structured pre-competitive and competitive routines and plans were predictors of sports success. Likewise, the high levels of motivation, commitment and concentration; the high levels of self-confidence and optimism; the presence of effective coping strategies to deal with distractions and unexpected situations or events; adequate regulation of activation and anxiety; the establishment and formulation of objectives; and mental visualization and practice were determinants in the manifestation of excellence in these athletes. As such, the promotion of these cognitive abilities has been emphasized in the good performance of the athletes. With the objective of implementing cognitive stimulation programs to meet the specific needs of talented athletes, together with pedagogical activities to promote educational strategies and promote interpersonal relationships, this communication systematizes a proposal for a psychopedagogical service to promote cognitive abilities in competitive athletes, SPAC, to implement in a Portuguese soccer team. This service will be based on a holistic vision in order to promote talent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title="athletes">athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20abilities" title=" cognitive abilities"> cognitive abilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20competition" title=" high competition"> high competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-pedagogical%20service" title=" psycho-pedagogical service"> psycho-pedagogical service</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72237/psychopedagogical-service-for-the-promotion-of-cognitive-abilities-in-competitive-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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