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tribology.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: tribology."> <meta name="keywords" content="tribology."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="tribology."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: tribology.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Evaluation of PTFE Composites with Mineral Tailing Considering Friction, Wear and Cost</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ant%C3%B4nio%20P.%20de%20Ara%C3%BAjo%20Neto">Ant么nio P. de Ara煤jo Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ruy%20D.%20A.%20da%20Silva%20Neto"> Ruy D. A. da Silva Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juliana%20R.%20de%20Souza"> Juliana R. de Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salete%20K.%20P.%20de%20Medeiros"> Salete K. P. de Medeiros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20T.%20N.%20de%20Medeiros"> Jo茫o T. N. de Medeiros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tribological test with Pin-On-Disc configuration measures friction and wear properties in dry or lubricated sliding surfaces of a variety of materials and coatings. Polymeric matrix composites loaded with mineral filler were used, 1%, 3%, 10%, 30%, and 50% mass percentage of filler, to reduce the material cost by using mineral tailings. Using a pin-on-disc tribometer to quantify coefficient of friction and wear resistance of the specimens. The parameters known to performing the test were 300 rpm rotation, normal load of 16N and duration of 33.5 minutes. The composite with 10% mineral filler performed better, considering that the wear resistance was good when compared to the other compositions and an average low coefficient of friction, in the order of μ ≤ 0.15. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microcomposites" title="Microcomposites">Microcomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microparticles%20tailings%20of%0D%0Ascheelite" title=" microparticles tailings of scheelite"> microparticles tailings of scheelite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PTFE" title=" PTFE"> PTFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tribology." title=" tribology."> tribology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/evaluation-of-ptfe-composites-with-mineral-tailing-considering-friction-wear-and-cost" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Reliability Analysis for Cyclic Fatigue Life Prediction in Railroad Bolt Hole </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hasan%20Keshavarzian">Hasan Keshavarzian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tayebeh%20Nesari"> Tayebeh Nesari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bolted rail joint is one of the most vulnerable areas in railway track. A comprehensive approach was developed for studying the reliability of fatigue crack initiation of railroad bolt hole under random axle loads and random material properties. The operation condition was also considered as stochastic variables. In order to obtain the comprehensive probability model of fatigue crack initiation life prediction in railroad bolt hole, we used FEM, response surface method (RSM), and reliability analysis. Combined energy-density based and critical plane based fatigue concept is used for the fatigue crack prediction. The dynamic loads were calculated according to the axle load, speed, and track properties. The results show that axle load is most sensitive parameter compared to Poisson鈥檚 ratio in fatigue crack initiation life. Also, the reliability index decreases slowly due to high cycle fatigue regime in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rail-wheel%20tribology" title="Rail-wheel tribology">Rail-wheel tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rolling%20contact%20mechanic" title=" rolling contact mechanic"> rolling contact mechanic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title=" finite element modeling"> finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability%20analysis." title=" reliability analysis."> reliability analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/reliability-analysis-for-cyclic-fatigue-life-prediction-in-railroad-bolt-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Development and Characterization of Bio-Tribological, Nano-Multilayer Coatings for Medical Tools Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Major">L. Major</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20M.%20Lackner"> J. M. Lackner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Dyner"> M. Dyner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Major"> B. Major</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of new generation bio-tribological, multilayer coatings opens an avenue for fabrication of future hightech functional surfaces. In the presented work, nano-composite, Cr/CrN+[Cr/ a-C:H implanted by metallic nanocrystals] multilayer coatings have been developed for surface protection of medical tools. Thin films were fabricated by a hybrid Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. Complex microstructure analysis of nanomultilayer coatings, subjected to mechanical and biological tests, were performed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructure characterization revealed the layered arrangement of Cr23C6 nanoparticles in multilayer structure. Influence of deposition conditions on bio-tribological properties of the coatings was studied. The bio-tests were used as a screening tool for the analyzed nanomultilayer coatings before they could be deposited on medical tools. Bio-medical tests were done using fibroblasts. The mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated by means of a ball-ondisc mechanical test. The micro hardness was done using Berkovich indenter. The scratch adhesion test was done using Rockwell indenter. From the bio-tribological point of view, the optimal properties had the C106_1 material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bio-tribological%20coatings" title="Bio-tribological coatings">Bio-tribological coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cell-material%20interaction" title=" cell-material interaction"> cell-material interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hybrid%20PLD" title=" hybrid PLD"> hybrid PLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tribology." title=" tribology."> tribology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/development-and-characterization-of-bio-tribological-nano-multilayer-coatings-for-medical-tools-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1996</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Wear Behavior of Commercial Aluminium Engine Block and Piston under Dry Sliding Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kaiser">M. S. Kaiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Swagata%20Dutta"> Swagata Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the present work, the effect of load and sliding distance on the performance tribology of commercially used aluminium-silicon engine block and piston was evaluated at ambient conditions with humidity of 80% under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc with two different loads of 5N and 20N yielding applied pressure of 0.30MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, at sliding velocity of 0.29ms-1 and with varying sliding distance ranging from 260m- 4200m. Factors and conditions that had significant effect were identified. The results showed that the load and the sliding distance affect the wear rate of the alloys and the wear rate increased with increasing load for both the alloys. Wear rate also increases almost linearly at low loads and increase to a maximum then attain a plateau with increasing sliding distance. For both applied loads the piston alloy showed the better performance due to higher Ni and Mg content. The worn surface and wear debris was characterized by optical microscope, SEM and EDX analyzer. The worn surface was characterized by surface with shallow grooves at loads while the groove width and depth increased as the loads increases. Oxidative wear was found to be the predominant mechanisms in the dry sliding of Al-Si alloys at low loads.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wear" title="Wear">Wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gravimetric%20analysis" title=" gravimetric analysis"> gravimetric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aluminiumsilicon%0D%0Aalloys" title=" aluminiumsilicon alloys"> aluminiumsilicon alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EDX." title=" EDX."> EDX.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/wear-behavior-of-commercial-aluminium-engine-block-and-piston-under-dry-sliding-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Effect of Micro Tools Fabricated Dent on Alumina/Alumina Oxide Interface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Taposh%20Roy">Taposh Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dipankar%20Choudhury"> Dipankar Choudhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Belinda%20Pingguan-Murphy"> Belinda Pingguan-Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The tribological outcomes of micro dent are found to be outstanding in many engineering and natural surfaces. Ceramic (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is considered one of the most potential material to bearing surfaces particularly, artificial hip or knee implant. A well-defined micro dent on alumina oxide interface could further decrease friction and wear rate, thus increase their stability and durability. In this study we fabricated circular micro dent surface profiles (Dia: 400µm, Depth 20µm, P: 1.5mm; Dia: 400µm, Depth 20µm, P: 2mm) on pure Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>(99.6%) substrate by using a micro tool machines. A preliminary tribological experiment was carried out to compare friction coefficient of these fabricated dent surfaces with that of non-textured surfaces. The experiment was carried on well know pin-on-disk specimens while other experimental parameters such as hertz pressure, speed, lubrication, and temperature were maintained to standard of simulated hip joints condition. The experiment results revealed that micro dent surface texture reduced 15%, 8% and 4% friction coefficient under 0.132,0.162, 0.187 GPa contact pressure respectively. Since this is a preliminary tribological study, we will pursue further experiments considering higher ranges of dent profiles and longer run experiments. However, the preliminary results confirmed the suitability of fabricating dent profile to ceramic surfaces by using micro tooling, and also their improved tribological performance in simulated hip joints.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Micro%20dent" title="Micro dent">Micro dent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ceramic%20on%20ceramic%20hipjoints." title=" ceramic on ceramic hipjoints."> ceramic on ceramic hipjoints.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/the-effect-of-micro-tools-fabricated-dent-on-aluminaalumina-oxide-interface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Effect on the Performance of the Nano-Particulate Graphite Lubricant in the Turning of AISI 1040 Steel under Variable Machining Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Srikiran">S. Srikiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dharmala%20Venkata%20Padmaja"> Dharmala Venkata Padmaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20N.%20L.%20Pavani"> P. N. L. Pavani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Pola%20Rao"> R. Pola Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Ramji"> K. Ramji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technological advancements in the development of cutting tools and coolant/lubricant chemistry have enhanced the machining capabilities of hard materials under higher machining conditions. Generation of high temperatures at the cutting zone during machining is one of the most important and pertinent problems which adversely affect the tool life and surface finish of the machined components. Generally, cutting fluids and solid lubricants are used to overcome the problem of heat generation, which is not effectively addressing the problems. With technological advancements in the field of tribology, nano-level particulate solid lubricants are being used nowadays in machining operations, especially in the areas of turning and grinding. The present investigation analyses the effect of using nano-particulate graphite powder as lubricant in the turning of AISI 1040 steel under variable machining conditions and to study its effect on cutting forces, tool temperature and surface roughness of the machined component. Experiments revealed that the increase in cutting forces and tool temperature resulting in the decrease of surface quality with the decrease in the size of nano-particulate graphite powder as lubricant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20lubricant" title="Solid lubricant">Solid lubricant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=graphite" title=" graphite"> graphite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=minimum%20quantity%20lubrication" title=" minimum quantity lubrication"> minimum quantity lubrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanoparticles." title=" nanoparticles. "> nanoparticles. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/effect-on-the-performance-of-the-nano-particulate-graphite-lubricant-in-the-turning-of-aisi-1040-steel-under-variable-machining-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008568/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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