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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vroege leven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroege_leven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bryn_Mawr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bryn_Mawr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bryn Mawr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bryn_Mawr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Columbia-universiteit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columbia-universiteit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Columbia-universiteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columbia-universiteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caltech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caltech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Caltech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caltech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erfenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erfenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erfenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erfenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morgan_en_Hugo_de_Vries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morgan_en_Hugo_de_Vries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Morgan en Hugo de Vries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morgan_en_Hugo_de_Vries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Hunt Morgan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 71 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس مورغان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس مورغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس مورجان – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس مورجان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morqan_Tomas_Hant" title="Morqan Tomas Hant – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Morqan Tomas Hant" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس هانت مورگان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توماس هانت مورگان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Хант Морган – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Томас Хант Морган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Гант Морган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Томас Гант Морган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Морган – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Морган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="টমাস হান্ট মর্গান – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টমাস হান্ট মর্গান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%BE%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۆماس ھۆنت مۆرگان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆماس ھۆنت مۆرگان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morgan" title="Thomas Morgan – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Morgan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Τόμας Χαντ Μόργκαν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Χαντ Μόργκαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morgan" title="Thomas Morgan – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thomas Morgan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس هانت مورگان – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس هانت مورگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9F" title="תומאס הנט מורגן – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס הנט מורגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թոմաս Մորգան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Մորգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="トーマス・ハント・モーガン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トーマス・ハント・モーガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტომას ჰანტ მორგანი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტომას ჰანტ მორგანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Хант Морган – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Томас Хант Морган" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%97%8C%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AA%A8%EA%B1%B4" title="토머스 헌트 모건 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토머스 헌트 모건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Морган Томас Хант – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Морган Томас Хант" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomass_Hants_Morgans" title="Tomass Hants Morgans – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomass Hants Morgans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Хант Морган – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Томас Хант Морган" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BB" title="തോമസ്‌ ഹണ്ട് മോർഗൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോമസ്‌ ഹണ്ട് മോർഗൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Хант Морган – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Томас Хант Морган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس مورگان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="توماس مورگان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%DB%81%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86" title="تھامس ہنٹ مورگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھامس ہنٹ مورگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Морган, Томас Хант – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Морган, Томас Хант" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="थामस् हण्ट् मार्गन् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थामस् हण्ट् मार्गन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Хант Морган – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томас Хант Морган" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_H._Morgan" title="Thomas H. Morgan – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas H. Morgan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தாமஸ் ஹண்ட் மோர்கன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாமஸ் ஹண்ட் மோர்கன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Һант Морган – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Томас Һант Морган" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Гант Морган – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Гант Морган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%DB%81%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86" title="تھامس ہنٹ مورگن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھامس ہنٹ مورگن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტომას ჰანტ მორგანი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტომას ჰანტ მორგანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thomas Hunt Morgan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Inhoudspagina 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Thomas Hunt Morgan </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/25_september" title="25 september">25 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a> – <a href="/wiki/4_december" title="4 december">4 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thomas Hunt Morgan (1891)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/266px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="355" class="mw-file-element" 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Geneeskunde">Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1933 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Voor de ontdekking van de rol van <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosomen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">erfelijkheid</a>." </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_Hoyt_Whipple" class="mw-redirect" title="George Hoyt Whipple">George Hoyt Whipple</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/George_Richards_Minot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Richards Minot">George Richards Minot</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="William Parry Murphy">William Parry Murphy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Hunt Morgan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lexington_(Kentucky)" title="Lexington (Kentucky)">Lexington</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_september" title="25 september">25 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="Pasadena (Californië)">Pasadena (Californië)</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_december" title="4 december">4 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaans</a> <a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">geneticus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Embryologie" title="Embryologie">embryoloog</a>. </p><p>Na de herontdekking van <a href="/wiki/Wetten_van_Mendel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetten van Mendel">wetten van Mendel</a> in 1900 begon Morgan met het bestuderen van mutaties in de fruitvlieg <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i>. In zijn beroemde vliegenkamer aan de <a href="/wiki/Columbia-universiteit" title="Columbia-universiteit">Columbia-universiteit</a> kon Morgan demonstreren dat <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">genen</a> op <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosomen</a> liggen en de mechanische basis zijn voor de erfelijkheid. Deze ontdekkingen vormden de basis van de <a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">genetica</a>. Toen hij in <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> kreeg was dit de eerste keer dat de prijs werd uitgereikt voor genetica. </p><p>Tijdens zijn carrière schreef Morgan 22 boeken en 370 artikelen. Als resultaat van zijn werk werd de <a href="/wiki/Bananenvlieg" title="Bananenvlieg">fruitvlieg</a> <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> een belangrijk model-organisme in de tegenwoordige genetica. De afdeling biologie die hij oprichtte aan het <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> bracht zeven Nobelprijswinnaars voort. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vroege_leven">Vroege leven</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vroege leven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vroege leven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morgan werd geboren als zoon van Charlton Hunt Morgan, een fabrikant, en Ellen Key, de kleindochter van <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key" title="Francis Scott Key">Francis Scott Key</a> die het Amerikaans <a href="/wiki/Volkslied_(nationaal_symbool)" title="Volkslied (nationaal symbool)">volkslied</a> heeft gecomponeerd. </p><p>Op zijn 16e jaar ging Morgan naar het <i>State College of Kentucky</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiteit_van_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiteit van Kentucky (de pagina bestaat niet)">Universiteit van Kentucky</a>) om wetenschap te studeren, vooral biologie. Voor zijn doctoraalstudie ging hij naar de <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins-universiteit" title="Johns Hopkins-universiteit">Johns Hopkins-universiteit</a>, omdat Hopkins een van de weinige universiteiten was die biologie aanbood. Na twee jaar experimenteel werk met <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Keith_Brooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Keith Brooks (de pagina bestaat niet)">William Keith Brooks</a> en een paar publicaties kon Morgan in 1888 afstuderen aan het State College of Kentucky. Het College bood Morgan een hoogleraarschap maar hij koos ervoor om bij het John Hopkins te blijven en kreeg een relatief hoge beurs. </p><p>Morgan sloot zijn experimentele werk af in Woods Hole, Massachusetts bij het <i>Marine Biological Laboratory</i>. Hij bestudeerde de embryologie van <a href="/wiki/Zeespinnen" title="Zeespinnen">zeespinnen</a> om hun <a href="/wiki/Fylogenie" title="Fylogenie">fylogenetische</a> relatie met andere <a href="/wiki/Geleedpotigen" title="Geleedpotigen">geleedpotigen</a> te bepalen. Hij concludeerde dat ze embryologisch meer verwant waren met <a href="/wiki/Spinnen_(dieren)" title="Spinnen (dieren)">echte spinnen</a> dan met <a href="/wiki/Kreeftachtigen" title="Kreeftachtigen">kreeftachtigen</a>. Hier kon Morgan in 1880 op promoveren en hij kreeg ook de Bruce Fellowship voor onderzoek. Met deze beurs kon hij naar <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Bahama%27s" title="Bahama's">Bahama's</a> en naar <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a> reizen om verder onderzoek te doen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bryn_Mawr">Bryn Mawr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bryn Mawr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bryn Mawr"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a> werd Morgan aangesteld als hulphoogleraar aan Johns Hopkins' meisjesschool Bryn Mawr om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Beecher_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Beecher Wilson (de pagina bestaat niet)">Edmund Wilson</a> te vervangen. Hij gaf vijf dagen in de week biologieles, twee lezingen per dag. Hij introduceerde vaak eigen onderzoek in zijn lezingen en, hoewel hij een enthousiast leraar was, lag zijn echte interesse in het laboratorium. In de eerste jaren bij Bryn Mawr deed hij onderzoek naar <a href="/wiki/Balanus" title="Balanus">balanus</a>, wormen en kikkers. </p><p>In 1894 kreeg hij een jaar vrij om onderzoek te doen in de laboratoria van het Stazione Zoologica in <a href="/wiki/Napels_(stad)" title="Napels (stad)">Napels</a>. Daar werkte hij met de Duitse bioloog <a href="/wiki/Hans_Driesch" title="Hans Driesch">Hans Driesch</a> wiens onderzoek in de experimentele studie van ontwikkeling zijn interesse wekte. Er was toen veel debat over de vraag hoe het embryo gevormd werd. De ene groep dacht dat er cellen waren die voorbestemd (voorgevormd) waren om kikker te worden; een andere groep dacht dat de ontwikkeling het resultaat was van genetische factoren waar interacties tussen het protoplasma en de kern van het ei én de omgeving de ontwikkeling konden beïnvloeden. Morgan geloofde het laatste en toonde succesvol aan dat een dochtercel van een <a href="/wiki/Fundulus" title="Fundulus">fundulus</a> embryo zich kon ontwikkelen tot een hele vis, daarbij de experimenten van Driesch bevestigend. Hij toonde ook aan dat <a href="/wiki/Zee-egel" class="mw-redirect" title="Zee-egel">zee-egel</a>-eieren geprikkeld konden worden tot deling zonder bevruchting door er <a href="/wiki/Magnesiumchloride" title="Magnesiumchloride">magnesiumchloride</a> aan toe te voegen, werk dat voortgezet werd door <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Loeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Loeb">Jacques Loeb</a> die bekend werd door het maken van kikkers zonder vader volgens deze methode. </p><p>Morgan ging in 1895 terug naar Bryn Mawr en werd hoogleraar. Hij schreef zijn eerste boek <i>The Development of the Frog's Egg</i> dat in 1897 werd gepubliceerd. Hij begon een serie studies naar het vermogen van verschillende organismen tot <a href="/wiki/Regeneratie_(biologie)" title="Regeneratie (biologie)">regeneratie</a>. Hij bekeek de mogelijkheden van enting en regeneratie bij kikkervisjes, vissen en wormen en publiceerde dit in 1901 als <i>Regeneration</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Columbia-universiteit">Columbia-universiteit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Columbia-universiteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Columbia-universiteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1903 werd hem door Edmund Beecher Wilson het eerste hoogleraarschap in de experimentele zoölogie aangeboden in de Verenigde Staten bij de <a href="/wiki/Columbia-universiteit" title="Columbia-universiteit">Columbia-universiteit</a>. </p><p>In 1900 hadden drie wetenschappers, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Correns" title="Carl Correns">Carl Correns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Tschermak" title="Erich von Tschermak">Erich von Tschermak</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a> het werk van <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a> opnieuw ontdekt. De Vries was verdergegaan door voor te stellen dat nieuwe soorten ontstonden door mutatie. Morgan was sceptisch over <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a>'s erfelijkheidswetten, die opgerakeld waren door de opkomende evolutietheorieën van <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck">Lamarck</a>. Morgan wees beide theorieën af, en probeerde <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a>' mutatietheorie met zijn <i>Drosophila</i> experimenten te bewijzen. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sexlinked_inheritance_white.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sexlinked_inheritance_white.jpg/250px-Sexlinked_inheritance_white.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sexlinked_inheritance_white.jpg/375px-Sexlinked_inheritance_white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Sexlinked_inheritance_white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Sekse afhankelijke overerving van de wit-oog mutatie.</figcaption></figure> <p>In navolging van <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._W._Woodworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. W. Woodworth (de pagina bestaat niet)">C. W. Woodworth</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Castle (de pagina bestaat niet)">William E. Castle</a> begon Morgan te werken aan de <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i>. Met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernandus_Payne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernandus Payne (de pagina bestaat niet)">Fernandus Payne</a> muteerde hij <i>Drosophila</i> met <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenstraling" title="Röntgenstraling">röntgenstralen</a> en begon kruisingsexperimenten, maar had twee jaar geen duidelijk succes. Castle had het ook moeilijk met het identificeren van mutaties in de <a href="/wiki/Bananenvlieg" title="Bananenvlieg">fruitvlieg</a>, niet ongewoon, gegeven de kleine afmeting van het vliegje. Uiteindelijk merkte Morgan in 1910 een wit-ogige mannelijke <a href="/wiki/Mutant" title="Mutant">mutant</a> op tussen de rood-ogige <a href="/wiki/Veldstam" class="mw-redirect" title="Veldstam">veldstam</a>. Hij kruiste deze wit-ogige vlieg met een rood-ogig vrouwtje. Hun afstammelingen hadden allemaal rode ogen, wat aannemelijk maakte dat de soort met de witte ogen recessief was. Morgan noemde het daarom het gen <i>wit</i>. Bij het doorfokken van de mutanten merkte hij op dat alleen de mannetjes witte ogen hadden. Hij ontdekte ook een variëteit met paarse ogen die een verschillend soort erfelijkheid vertoonde. Hij schreef een paper dat in 1911 verscheen in <i><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> waarin hij concludeerde dat (1) sommige eigenschappen geslachtsgebonden zijn, (2) de eigenschap waarschijnlijk op een <a href="/wiki/Geslachtschromosoom" title="Geslachtschromosoom">geslachtschromosoom</a> ligt, en (3) andere genen waarschijnlijk ook op chromosomen liggen. </p><p>Morgan en zijn studenten werden steeds succesvoller in het vinden van gemuteerde vliegjes en telden de mutatiekarakterisiteken van duizenden fruitvliegen en bestudeerden hun overerfelijkheid. De observatie van een kleine-vleugelmutatie die ook op het geslachtschromosoom lag, maar onafhankelijk was van de witte-oogmutatie, leidde Morgan tot het idee van <a href="/wiki/Genkoppeling" title="Genkoppeling">genetische koppeling</a> of <i>genetic linkage</i>. Morgan stelde voor dat de hoeveelheid overkruising of <a href="/wiki/Crossing-over" title="Crossing-over">crossing-over</a> tussen gelinkte genen verschilt en dat de crossover frequentie de afstand tussen genen op het chromosoom zou kunnen aangeven.Hij steunde hierbij op de ontdekking van de Belgische Professor <a href="/wiki/Frans_Alfons_Janssens" title="Frans Alfons Janssens">Frans Alfons Janssens</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</a> die het verschijnsel reeds in 1909 had beschreven en het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiasmatypie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiasmatypie (de pagina bestaat niet)">chiasmatypie</a> had genoemd. Later stelde de Engelse geneticus <a href="/wiki/J.B.S._Haldane" class="mw-redirect" title="J.B.S. Haldane">J.B.S. Haldane</a> voor om die eenheid de <a href="/wiki/Centimorgan" title="Centimorgan">morgan</a> te noemen. Morgans student <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred Sturtevant</a> ontwikkelde de eerste genetische kaart in 1913. </p><p>In 1915 schreven Morgan, Sturtevant, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Bridges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calvin Bridges (de pagina bestaat niet)">Calvin Bridges</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._J._Muller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. J. Muller (de pagina bestaat niet)">H. J. Muller</a> het boek <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Mechanism_of_Mendelian_Inheritance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Mechanism of Mendelian Inheritance (de pagina bestaat niet)">The Mechanism of Mendelian Inheritance</a></i>. Geneticus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curt_Stern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curt Stern (de pagina bestaat niet)">Curt Stern</a> noemde het "the fundamental textbook of the new genetics" en <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._H._Waddington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. H. Waddington (de pagina bestaat niet)">C. H. Waddington</a> vond dat "Morgan's theory of the chromosome represents a great leap of imagination comparable with Galileo or Newton". Na de publicatie van het boek werd Morgans reputatie gezien als die van een twintigste-eeuwse Mendel. Hij werd gekozen tot lid van de <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> en buitenlands lid van de <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. In 1924 ontving Morgan de <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Medal" title="Darwin Medal">Darwin Medal</a>. Zijn <i>Fly Room</i> in Columbia werd wereldberoemd en hij kreeg gemakkelijk toegang tot fondsen. In 1927 na 25 jaar in Columbia, en bijna aan zijn pensioen, kreeg hij het aanbod van <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" class="mw-redirect" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a> een biologieopleiding in Californië op te zetten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caltech">Caltech</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Caltech" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Caltech"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morgan verhuisde in <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> naar Californië om hoofd te worden van de afdeling biologie aan het <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>. Hij wilde de opleiding onderscheiden van die van Johns Hopkins and Columbia, met onderzoek gericht op genetica en evolutie; experimentele embryologie; fysiologie; <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">biofysica</a> en <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">biochemie</a>. Hij was ook behulpzaam bij de oprichting van het Marine Laboratory in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corona_del_Mar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corona del Mar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Corona del Mar</a>. Hij wilde de beste mensen bij Caltech, en nam Bridges, Sturtevant, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Shultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Shultz (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jack Shultz</a> en <a href="/wiki/Albert_Tyler" title="Albert Tyler">Albert Tyler</a> over van Columbia en stelde <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a> aan als international research fellow. Er kwamen meer wetenschappers werken, onder wie <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" class="mw-redirect" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Ephrussi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Ephrussi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Boris Ephrussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Tatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward L. Tatum">Edward L. Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_W._Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney W. Fox (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sidney W. Fox</a> en de Nederlanders <a href="/wiki/Frits_Warmolt_Went" title="Frits Warmolt Went">Frits Warmolt Went</a> en <a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a>. </p><p>In overeenstemming met zijn reputatie bekleedde Morgan veel prestigieuze posities bij Amerikaanse wetenschappelijke organisaties. Van 1927 to 1931 was hij voorzitter van de National Academy of Sciences; in 1930 was hij voorzitter van de <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>; en in 1932 zat hij het Sixth International Congress of Genetics in <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(New_York)" title="Ithaca (New York)">Ithaca (New York)</a> voor. In 1933 kreeg Morgan de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a>; hij was in 1919 en 1930 voor hetzelfde werk ook al genomineerd. Als erkenning van het groepskarakter van zijn ontdekkingen gaf hij het prijzengeld aan Bridges, Sturtevant's en zijn eigen kinderen. Morgan ging niet naar de uitreiking in 1933, maar ging wel in 1934. De herontdekking in 1933 van de gigantische <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polytene_chromosomen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polytene chromosomen (de pagina bestaat niet)">polytene chromosomen</a> in de speekselklier van <i>Drosophila</i> kan zijn besluit beïnvloed hebben. Tot dan waren de resultaten afhankelijk van fenotypische resultaten, en de zichtbare polytene chromosomen maakte het hun mogelijk hun resultaten op fysieke basis te toetsen. Morgan's Nobeltoespraak was getiteld "The Contribution of Genetics to Physiology and Medicine". In 1924 kreeg hij de <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Medal" title="Darwin Medal">Darwin Medal</a>. In 1939 kreeg hij de <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. </p><p>Hij kreeg twee contractverlengingen bij Caltech, maar trok zich in 1942 terug. George Beadle kwam naar Caltech terug om Morgan in 1946 als voorzitter van de afdeling op te volgen. Hoewel hij met pensioen was, hield Morgan kantoor bij de afdeling en bleef actief in het lab. Na zijn pensioen hield hij zich bezig met vragen over seksedifferentiatie, regeneratie en embryologie. Morgan had zijn hele leven last gehad van een chronische ontsteking van het <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, in 1945 kreeg hij een zware aanval en overleed aan een gescheurde slagader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erfenis">Erfenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Erfenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Erfenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morgan liet een belangrijke erfenis in de genetica na. Sommige van Morgan's students van Columbia en Caltech wonnen hun eigen Nobelprijzen, zoals <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Wells Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a>. Nobelprijswinnaar <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> schreef over Morgan, "Much as Darwin's insights into the evolution of animal species first gave coherence to nineteenth-century biology as a descriptive science, Morgan's findings about genes and their location on chromosomes helped transform biology into an experimental science." </p><p>The Thomas Hunt Morgan School of Biological Sciences aan de University of Kentucky is naar Morgan genoemd. Als eerbetoon aan Morgan reikt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetics_Society_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetics Society of America (de pagina bestaat niet)">Genetics Society of America</a> jaarlijks de Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal uit aan een van haar leden die een belangrijke bijdrage aan het gebied van de genetica heeft geleverd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morgan_en_Hugo_de_Vries">Morgan en Hugo de Vries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Morgan en Hugo de Vries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Morgan en Hugo de Vries"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De jonge Thomas Hunt Morgan kwam <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a> in Amsterdam opzoeken, net als vele andere Amerikaanse biologen. Verscheidene malen logeerde de Vries bij Morgan, die het mutatieconcept aandachtig in zich opnam.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het werk <i>Evolution and Adaptation</i> verscheen in Nederlandse vertaling als <i>Ontwikkeling en Aanpassing</i> (1906) met een voorwoord van Prof. Hugo de Vries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html">Nobelprijs Biografie</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukcc.uky.edu/cgi-bin/dynamo?maps.391+campus+0225">Thomas Hunt Morgan Biological Sciences Building at University of Kentucky</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chunglin Kwa (2009) 'Hondstrouw aan Darwin. Hugo de Vries zocht de genetische basis van de evolutie', De Akademische Boekengids, 77, november 2009, p.5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312232509/http://academischeboekengids.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_artikel&id=873">ABG</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Allen, G. E. 2000. Morgan, Thomas Hunt. <i>American National Biography Online</i>. Oxford University Press</li> <li>Shine, I. and Wrobel, S. 1976. <i>Thomas Hunt Morgan: Pioneer of Genetics</i>. The University Press of Kentucky <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/081310095X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8131-0095-X</a></li> <li>Kandel, Eric. 1999. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Legacies/Morgan/">Genes, Chromosomes, and the Origins of Modern Biology</a>." <i>Columbia Magazine</i>. Fall 1999.</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie 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href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90267812">90267812</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12370861t">cb12370861t</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12370861t">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02965992?l=en">DA02965992</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118736892">118736892</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000110285706">0000 0001 1028 5706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50006108">n50006108</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00541724">00541724</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000079384&CON_LNG=ENG">nlk20000079384</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35362487">35362487</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007311193405171">987007311193405171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000002463555">a0000002463555</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070816352">070816352</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003609616">02-A003609616</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=PUVV172633">PUVV172633</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vh5q27">w6vh5q27</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032735367">032735367</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/925909">925909</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66545024">66545024</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/66545024">66545024</a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljitsj_Metsjnikov" title="Ilja Iljitsj Metsjnikov">Mechnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(medicus)" title="John Macleod (medicus)">Macleod</a> · 1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Fibiger</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a> · 1933: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morgan</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneel_Heymans" title="Corneel Heymans">Heymans</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> · 1947: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(arts)" title="Hans Krebs (arts)">Krebs</a>,<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michael_Lwoff" title="André Michael Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland jr.">Sutherland</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Porter</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Karl_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Karl Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Goldstein</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemicus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemicus)">Cohen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></span> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray_(chirurg)" title="Joseph Murray (chirurg)">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gerhard_Krebs" title="Edwin Gerhard Krebs">Krebs</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Sulston" title="John Edward Sulston">Sulston</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Zur Hausen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré–Sinoussi</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)">Edwards</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Moser</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(wetenschapper)" title="William C. Campbell (wetenschapper)">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" title="Satoshi Omura">Omura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youyou_Tu" title="Youyou Tu">Tu</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Osumi" title="Yoshinori Osumi">Osumi</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Allison" title="James Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_jr." title="William Kaelin jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&oldid=67401506">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hunt_Morgan&oldid=67401506</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_bioloog" title="Categorie:Amerikaans bioloog">Amerikaans bioloog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_medicus" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws medicus">20e-eeuws medicus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_bioloog" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws bioloog">20e-eeuws bioloog</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina%27s_die_ISBN_magische_links_gebruiken" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken">Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 19 apr 2024 om 11:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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