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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%82%B2+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>佛教</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-佛教-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关佛教子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-上座部佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上座部佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>上座部佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-上座部佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大乘佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大乘佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>大乘佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大乘佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>附注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">悲 (佛教)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。24种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9)" title="كرونا (رحمة) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرونا (رحمة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE" title="করুণা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="করুণা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karun%C3%A1" title="Karuná – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karuná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuna" title="Karuna – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karuna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Karuṇā" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%82%D8%AA" title="شفقت – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شفقت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuna_(sanskrit)" title="Karuna (sanskrit) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karuna (sanskrit)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="करुणा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="करुणा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karun%C3%A1" title="Karuná – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karuná" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belas_kasih_(Buddhisme)" title="Belas kasih (Buddhisme) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Belas kasih (Buddhisme)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassione_(buddismo)" title="Compassione (buddismo) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Compassione (buddismo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BB%8F%E6%95%99)" title="悲 (仏教) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="悲 (仏教)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84_(%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%90)" title="비 (불교) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비 (불교)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AC" title="ကရုဏာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကရုဏာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="करुणा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="करुणा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karuṇā" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuna" title="Karuna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karuna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karuṇā" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Каруна – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каруна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC)" title="Саосећање (будизам) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саосећање (будизам)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2" title="กรุณา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรุณา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuna" title="Karuna – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karuna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Каруна – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каруна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2m_t%E1%BB%AB_bi" title="Tâm từ bi – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tâm từ bi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1583564#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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href="/zh-hans/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&oldid=68015798" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%82%B2_%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&id=68015798&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" 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text-align:center;width:200px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/120px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/180px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/240px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">基本教義</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B" title="四谛">四圣谛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93%E5%88%86" title="八聖道分">八正道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%A0%E7%BC%98" title="十二因缘">十二因缘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8A" title="蘊">五蘊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="業 (佛教)">業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="佛教戒律">戒律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E5%A5%88%E8%80%B6" title="毗奈耶">毗奈耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">尸羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E9%82%A3" title="禪那">禪那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%84" title="业处">业处</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">轮回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密">波羅密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7" title="佛性">佛性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (佛教)">三寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%B0" title="三法印">三法印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识">佛教共識宣言</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%8D" title="果位">修行成就/果位</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="菩萨">菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">辟支佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%90%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%9C" title="四向四果">四向四果</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89" title="阿罗汉">阿罗汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%90%AB" title="阿那含">阿那含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E5%90%AB" title="斯陀含">斯陀含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E9%99%80%E6%B4%B9" title="須陀洹">須陀洹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教人物列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Buddhists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教人物列表（页面不存在）">人物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Buddhists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Buddhists</span></a></span>）</span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%9F%E5%AD%90" title="十大弟子">十大弟子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%90" title="迦多衍尼子">迦多衍尼子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="提婆 (人名)">提婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%91%97" title="无著">无著</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BA%B2" title="世亲">世亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%BA%E9%9F%B3" title="覺音">覺音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A0%E6%91%A9%E7%BD%97%E4%BB%80" title="鸠摩罗什">鸠摩罗什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" title="慧遠">慧遠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9" title="菩提达摩">菩提达摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E9%A1%97" title="智顗">智顗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E8%83%BD" title="惠能">惠能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%AB" title="佛教派别">宗派</a>、國家和地區</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%98" title="三乘">三乘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">中乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="小乘佛教">小乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%9B%E4%B9%98" title="一佛乘">一佛乘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">漢傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏傳佛教史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏傳佛教史（页面不存在）">藏傳佛教史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Tibetan Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印度佛教">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="斯里兰卡佛教">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="緬甸佛教">緬甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="泰國佛教">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="中国佛教">中國大陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="台灣佛教">台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="新加坡佛教">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="马来西亚佛教">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="蒙古國佛教">蒙古國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">歐美</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">歷史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">佛教历史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教時間線">佛教時間線</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="结集">结集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="原始佛教研究">原始佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="初期佛教">初期佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="根本分裂">根本分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E9%83%A8" title="大眾部">大眾部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8" title="上座部">上座部</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B" title="阿育王">阿育王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">南傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="佛教在印度的衰落">於印度衰落</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3" title="法難">法難</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="佛教现代主义">佛教现代主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="人間佛教">人間佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%96%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="入世佛教">左翼佛教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">經籍</a>舉要</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">大藏经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="巴利三藏">巴利大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">漢文大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="藏文大藏经">藏文大藏经</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93" title="阿含經">阿含經</a> <ul><li>南传<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9F%AF%E8%80%B6" title="尼柯耶">尼柯耶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A5%E7%B6%93" title="法句經">法句經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E7%BB%8F" title="大般若经">大般若经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">心經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E7%B6%93" title="金剛經">金剛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%B2%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%8F" title="妙法莲华经">法華經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%B7%B1%E5%AF%86%E7%B6%93" title="解深密經">解深密經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="華嚴經">華嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E6%89%80%E8%AA%AA%E7%B6%93" title="維摩詰所說經">維摩經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83%E7%B6%93" class="mw-disambig" title="涅槃經">涅槃經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%82%B2%E5%92%92" title="大悲咒">大悲咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="楞嚴經">楞嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E8%A7%89%E7%BB%8F" title="圆觉经">圆觉经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E7%90%89%E7%92%83%E5%85%89%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E6%9C%AC%E9%A1%98%E5%8A%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" title="藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經">藥師經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="地藏菩萨本愿经">地藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BD%8C%E9%99%80%E7%B6%93" title="阿彌陀經">阿彌陀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A5%96%E5%9D%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="六祖坛经">坛经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96" title="大智度論">大智度論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A3%A8%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AE%BA" title="阿毗达磨俱舍论">俱舍論</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="佛教聖地">聖地</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">佛寺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%8D" title="精舍">精舍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" title="八大圣地">八圣地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="四大佛教名山">四道場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2" title="汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院">汉地寺院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%A1%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古塔列表（页面不存在）">佛塔列表</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">相關主題</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="佛教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="佛教修行制度">修学制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:佛教組織">組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Category:佛教人物">人物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:佛教模板">佛教模板</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:佛教主题">佛教主題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TheravadaBuddhism" title="Template:TheravadaBuddhism">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:PaliCanon" title="Template:PaliCanon">巴利聖典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4" title="对佛教的批判">批評</a></li> <li>論諍 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E9%9D%9E%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%AA%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%8D" title="大乘非佛說論諍">大乘非佛說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%96%B9%E8%AB%B8%E4%BD%9B%E8%AB%8D%E8%AB%96" title="十方諸佛諍論">十方諸佛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教大綱（页面不存在）">佛教大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/18px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/27px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/36px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主題</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="WikiProject:佛教">佛教专题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template:佛教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:佛教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:佛教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>悲</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴利語">巴利語</a>：<span lang="pi"><span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Karuṇā</span></span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>的主要教義及修行目標，英文通常翻譯為<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%83%85" title="同情">同情</a>（Compassion）。為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%A2%B5%E4%BD%8F" title="四梵住">四梵住</a>之一。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="佛教"><span id=".E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span>佛教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2" title="慈悲">慈悲</a></div> <p><b>慈悲</b>是所有佛教教派的共同理念，意思是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%83%85%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="同情心">同情心</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%90%86%E5%BF%83" title="同理心">同理心</a>，當別人受苦時能夠同情的心。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a>而言，慈悲被認為是達致今世<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E8%84%AB" title="解脫">解脫</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%9C%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喜樂（页面不存在）">喜樂</a>的法門。而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>來說，慈悲更是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%B8%A1%E7%9C%BE%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普渡眾生（页面不存在）">普渡眾生</a>以及修成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E5%BF%83" title="菩提心">菩提心</a>的法門。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="上座部佛教"><span id=".E4.B8.8A.E5.BA.A7.E9.83.A8.E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span>上座部佛教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：上座部佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a>中，慈悲是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%84%A1%E9%87%8F%E5%BF%83%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="四無量心所">四無量心所</a>（又稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5" title="梵">梵</a>住心所，<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Brahmavihāra</span>）之一。四無量心所包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="慈 (佛教)">善</a>（<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mettā</span>）、慈悲（<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Karuṇā</span>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%A8%E5%96%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隨喜（页面不存在）">隨喜</a>（<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Muditā</span>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%A8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="捨 (佛教)">無分別心</a>（<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">upekkha</span>），有時亦會譯為慈、悲、喜、捨。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%81%96%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴利聖典">巴利文經典</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="佛陀">佛陀</a>認為四無量心適合<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="出家人">出家人</a>或未出家的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="施主">施主</a>修行，<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 並認為四無量心能照耀四方，去除<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AF%92" title="三毒">三毒</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>今世淨心喜樂，下一世得往生<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="天人 (佛教)">天界</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大乘佛教"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E4.B9.98.E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span>大乘佛教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：大乘佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳佛教</a>）來說，慈悲被提昇到和<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="慧 (佛教)">般若</a>（<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">prajña</span>，有時譯<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="智慧">智慧</a>）同等的重要性，是通往<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="菩薩">菩薩道</a>的途徑。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在大乘佛教的修行方法中，認為修行者首先要發<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A1%98" class="mw-redirect" title="大願">大願</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Vow" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vow（页面不存在）">Vow</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vow" class="extiw" title="en:Vow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vow</span></a></span>）</span></span>）普渡眾生，然後要破除<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E5%9F%B7" title="我執">我執</a>（self-center），見性明心，而慈悲（同情心）是破除自我中心的條件。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="觀音">觀音</a>有時亦稱為「大慈大悲觀世音菩薩」，是推動慈悲，為眾生救苦救難的菩薩。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳佛教</a>亦以慈悲為修行的首要條件，以大乘經典《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A5%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="入菩提行論（页面不存在）">入菩提行論</a>》為入門法則。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E5%BF%83" title="菩提心">菩提心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="菩薩">菩薩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%84%A1%E9%87%8F%E5%BF%83%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="四無量心所">四無量心所</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悲 (耆那教)（页面不存在）">悲 (耆那教)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="附注"><span id=".E9.99.84.E6.B3.A8"></span>附注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：附注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gethin (1998), pp.186-187; and, Rhys Davids & Stede, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:356.pali"><i>op. cit.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711002204/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:356.pali">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-07-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, in the <i>Kālāmā Sutta</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguttara_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguttara Nikaya（页面不存在）">AN</a> 3.65), the Buddha speaks of all Noble Disciples (<i>ariya-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Savaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savaka（页面不存在）">savaka</a></i>) developing the brahmaviharas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">(Thanissaro, 1994).</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-10-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kālāmā Sutta</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguttara_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguttara Nikaya（页面不存在）">AN</a> 3.65), trans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">Thanissaro (1994).</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-10-06. The "four directions" refer to east, south, west and north.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguttara_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguttara Nikaya（页面不存在）">AN</a> 3.65 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">(Thanissaro, 1994).</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-10-06. In regards to in which heavenly realm a frequent karu<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ṇ</span>ā dweller will be reborn, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguttara_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguttara Nikaya（页面不存在）">AN</a> 4.125 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html">(Thanissaro, 2006)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210301045053/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） identifies it as the realm of radiant (<i>abhassara</i>) devas, whose lifespans last two eons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutta_Nipata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutta Nipata（页面不存在）">SN</a>-<a href="/wiki/Atthakatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Atthakatha">A</a> 128 (Rhys Davids & Stede, 1921–25, <i>op. cit.</i>); see also, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm">BDEA & BuddhaNet (n.d.).</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20030227124943/http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gethin (1999), p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Stages of Meditation</i> by H.H The Dalai Lama, Root Text by Kamalashila. Snow Lion Publications. Page 42-43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Way of the Bodhisattva</i> by Shantideva. Shambhala Publications. Page 122-123</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Buddha Dharma Education Association & BuddhaNet (n.d.). <i>Buddhist Studies for Secondary Students, Unit 6: The Four Immeasurables</i>. Retrieved from "BuddhaNet" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm">http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20030227124943/http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Gethin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupert Gethin（页面不存在）">Gethin, Rupert</a> (1998). <i>The Foundations of Buddhism</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monier Monier-Williams（页面不存在）">Monier-Williams, Monier</a> (1899, 1964). <i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/019864308X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-864308-X</a>. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "Cologne University" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf">http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170706174545/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T.W._Rhys_Davids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T.W. Rhys Davids（页面不存在）">Rhys Davids, T.W.</a> & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). <i>The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary</i>. Chipstead: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Text_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pali Text Society（页面不存在）">Pali Text Society</a>. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "U. Chicago" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/">http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100226181115/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li>Shah, Pravin K. (n.d.). <i>Nine Tattvas (Principles)</i>. Retrieved from "Harvard U." at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605003634/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/jainedu/9tattva.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20090605003634/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/jainedu/9tattva.htm</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanissaro_Bhikkhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanissaro Bhikkhu（页面不存在）">Thanissaro Bhikkhu</a> (trans.) (1994). <i>Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguttara_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguttara Nikaya（页面不存在）">AN</a> 3.65). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html</a>.</li> <li>Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). <i>Metta Sutta: Good Will (1)</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguttara_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguttara Nikaya（页面不存在）">AN</a> 4.125). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html">http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210301045053/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-sangha.com/alphone/dabei_sutra.htm">Great Compassion Dharani Sutra</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150923232103/http://www.e-sangha.com/alphone/dabei_sutra.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:情緒"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="各種情绪（各種情緒的分類與比較（英语：-&#123;Contrasting_and_categorization_of_emotions&#125;-））" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">各種<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA" title="情绪">情绪</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各種情緒的分類與比較" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Contrasting and categorization of emotions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E7%A8%AE%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E8%88%87%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各種情緒的分類與比較（页面不存在）">各種情緒的分類與比較</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrasting_and_categorization_of_emotions" class="extiw" title="en:Contrasting and categorization of emotions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Contrasting and categorization of emotions</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA" title="情绪">情绪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欽佩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Admiration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%BD%E4%BD%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欽佩（页面不存在）">欽佩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiration" class="extiw" title="en:Admiration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Admiration</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%84%8F" title="愛意">愛意</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7" title="恐惧">恐惧</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="急躁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Psychomotor agitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A5%E8%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="急躁（页面不存在）">急躁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_agitation" class="extiw" title="en:Psychomotor agitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Psychomotor agitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BC%E7%97%9B" title="疼痛">疼痛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E7%A8%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="滑稽">滑稽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%A4%E6%80%92" title="憤怒">憤怒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="痛苦 (精神)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anguish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%9B%E8%8B%A6_(%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="痛苦 (精神)（页面不存在）">精神痛苦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguish" class="extiw" title="en:Anguish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anguish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A9%E6%83%B1" title="煩惱">煩惱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E6%85%AE" title="焦慮">焦慮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%BC%A0" title="冷漠">冷漠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="警醒 (情緒)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arousal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AD%A6%E9%86%92_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="警醒 (情緒)（页面不存在）">警醒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal" class="extiw" title="en:Arousal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arousal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%99%85%E5%90%B8%E5%BC%95" title="人际吸引">人际吸引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E7%95%8F" title="敬畏">敬畏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E7%85%A9" title="厭煩">無聊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%9D%99" title="冷静">冷静</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%83%85" title="同情">同情</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輕蔑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Contempt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%95%E8%94%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輕蔑（页面不存在）">輕蔑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contempt" class="extiw" title="en:Contempt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Contempt</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E8%B6%B3" title="滿足">滿足</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="失败主义">失败主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%91%E9%AC%B1" title="抑鬱">抑郁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E6%9C%9B" title="絕望">絕望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%BE%E6%9C%9B" title="慾望">慾望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%9C%9B" title="失望">失望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%83%A1" title="厭惡">厭惡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E5%96%9C_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)" title="狂喜 (情緒)">狂喜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B7%E5%B0%AC" title="尷尬">尷尬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%90%86%E5%BF%83" title="同理心">同理心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F" title="注意">注意</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%BF%83" title="熱心">熱心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A8%E6%85%95" title="羨慕">羨慕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A3%E5%BF%AB" title="欣快">欣快</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%A5%8B" title="兴奋">兴奋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AB%E6%8A%98" title="挫折">挫折</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%81%A9" title="感恩">感恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E6%85%9F" title="喪慟">喪慟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%96%9A" title="內疚">内疚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F" title="幸福">幸福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82" title="快樂">快樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8" title="仇恨">仇恨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E9%84%89%E7%97%85" title="思鄉病">思鄉病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B" title="希望">希望</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Horror and terror" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Horror and terror"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horror_and_terror&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horror and terror（页面不存在）">恐怖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_and_terror" class="extiw" title="en:Horror and terror"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Horror and terror</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B5%E6%84%8F" title="敵意">敵意</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%9E%E8%BE%B1" title="羞辱">羞辱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E9%87%8C" title="歇斯底里">歇斯底里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E6%88%80_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)" title="迷戀 (情緒)">迷戀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不安 (情緒)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Emotional security"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%89_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不安 (情緒)（页面不存在）">不安</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_security" class="extiw" title="en:Emotional security"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Emotional security</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AE%E8%BE%B1" title="侮辱">侮辱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E8%B6%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="興趣">興趣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E6%BF%80%E6%80%A7" title="应激性">敏感</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%92%E5%BF%8C" title="妒忌">妒忌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孤立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="isolation (psychology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孤立（页面不存在）">孤立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/isolation_(psychology)" class="extiw" title="en:isolation (psychology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">isolation (psychology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%8B%AC" title="孤独">孤独</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A3%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A4%E7%8D%A8" title="森林裡的孤獨">森林裡的孤獨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A3%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A4%E7%8D%A8" title="城市裡的孤獨">城市裡的孤獨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B" title="愛">愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%AC%B2" title="情欲">情欲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%82%E9%AC%B1%E7%97%85" title="憂鬱病">憂鬱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E5%93%80" title="物哀">物哀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="忽視" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neglect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%BD%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="忽視（页面不存在）">忽視</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglect" class="extiw" title="en:Neglect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neglect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E8%88%8A" title="懷舊">懷舊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" title="恐慌">恐慌</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E9%96%80%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" title="閉門恐慌">閉門恐慌</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E6%83%85" title="激情">激情</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可惜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%83%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可惜（页面不存在）">可惜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pity" class="extiw" title="en:Pity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%89%E5%BF%AB" title="愉快">愉快</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%AC%8C" title="撒嬌">撒嬌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%84%E5%82%B2" title="骄傲">骄傲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B2%E6%85%A2" title="傲慢">傲慢</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暴怒 (情緒)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rage (emotion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E6%80%92_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴怒 (情緒)（页面不存在）">暴怒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_(emotion)" class="extiw" title="en:Rage (emotion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rage (emotion)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%82%94" title="後悔">後悔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%93%A0" title="排擠">排擠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="悔恨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Remorse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%81%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔恨（页面不存在）">悔恨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remorse" class="extiw" title="en:Remorse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Remorse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E6%BB%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不滿（页面不存在）">不滿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E5%BE%A9" title="報復">報復</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%82%B7" title="悲傷">悲傷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">萨乌达德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B8%E7%81%BD%E6%A8%82%E7%A6%8D" title="幸災樂禍">幸災樂禍</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="懷念" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sehnsucht"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%B7%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="懷念（页面不存在）">懷念</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehnsucht" class="extiw" title="en:Sehnsucht"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sehnsucht</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="感傷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sentimentality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E5%82%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感傷（页面不存在）">感傷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimentality" class="extiw" title="en:Sentimentality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sentimentality</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%9E%E8%80%BB" title="羞耻">羞耻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%9E%E6%80%AF" title="羞怯">害羞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="憂傷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sorrow (emotion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%86%82%E5%82%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="憂傷（页面不存在）">憂傷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrow_(emotion)" class="extiw" title="en:Sorrow (emotion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sorrow (emotion)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="惱怒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spite (sentiment)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%B1%E6%80%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惱怒（页面不存在）">惱怒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spite_(sentiment)" class="extiw" title="en:Spite (sentiment)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spite (sentiment)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E6%BF%80" title="應激">壓力</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慢性壓力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chronic stress"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慢性壓力（页面不存在）">慢性壓力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_stress" class="extiw" title="en:Chronic stress"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chronic stress</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%A5%AD%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="學業壓力">學業壓力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E6%88%96%E9%80%83%E8%B7%91%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="战斗或逃跑反应">急性壓力反應</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%9B%E8%8B%A6" title="痛苦">痛苦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9A%E8%A8%9D" title="驚訝">驚訝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E5%A5%87" title="好奇">好奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%94%E5%BF%83" title="擔心">擔心</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plutchik-wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/langzh-90px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/langzh-135px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/langzh-180px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="725" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A7%82" title="世界观">世界观</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="存在主義">存在主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%84%92%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="犬儒主義">犬儒主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="失败主义">失败主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虚无主义">虚无主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="樂觀主義">樂觀主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E8%A7%82%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="悲观主义">悲观主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E9%97%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="自闭">自閉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麻木 (情緒)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Weltschmerz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E6%9C%A8_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻木 (情緒)（页面不存在）">麻木、無感</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltschmerz" class="extiw" title="en:Weltschmerz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Weltschmerz</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%AE%BA" title="宿命论">宿命論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形上學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="社會正義">社會正義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="隱居">隱居</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E4%B8%96" title="厭世">厭世</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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