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Aborder l'\u0153uvre extr\u00eamement originale de ce po\u00e8te su\u00e9dois implique deux pr\u00e9suppos\u00e9s\u00a0: d'abord, que l'on connaisse bien les fameuses peintures murales de Dal\u00e9carlie, province du centre de la Su\u00e8de , na\u00efves et color\u00e9es \u00e0 souhait, qui illustrent avec ing\u00e9nuit\u00e9 quelque passage de la Bible\u00a0; ensuite, que l'on se rappelle que Linn\u00e9 \u00e9tait su\u00e9dois et qu'en ce pays tout homme bien n\u00e9 vit en symbiose \u00e9troite avec la flore et la faune. 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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_534716667b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>KARLFELDT </strong><span class="pc">ERIK AXEL </span><span class="label-sub"> (1864-1931)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT232259_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT232259_0"></i><p> Aborder l'œuvre extrêmement originale de ce poète suédois implique deux présupposés : d'abord, que l'on connaisse bien les fameuses peintures murales de Dalécarlie, province du centre de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Suède est restée plus longtemps que les autres pays scandinaves dépourvue d'histoire écrite. Les temps archaïques, sur lesquels la documentation se limite aux données de l'archéologie, de l'épigraphie runique et de quelques traditions plus ou moins mythiques consignées dans les pays étrangers, s'y prolongent jusqu'au milieu du xii e siècle.. Ainsi s'expliquent les incertitudes q..." title="Article : SUÈDE" href="/encyclopedie/suede/">Suède</a>, naïves et colorées à souhait, qui illustrent avec ingénuité quelque passage de la Bible ; ensuite, que l'on se rappelle que Linné était suédois et qu'en ce pays tout homme bien né vit en symbiose étroite avec la flore et la faune. Musique, nature et petit peuple d'une des plus pittoresques provinces du Nord, telles sont les composantes d'une inspiration dont la fraîcheur et la sympathie font le prix.</p><p>Karlfeldt s'appelait en vérité Eriksson. Il naquit en Dalécarlie. Son enfance et sa jeunesse sont sans histoire si ce n'est que, par la force des choses, les paysages de Dalécarlie — lacs, forêts, villages et fermes aux couleurs vives — et leurs habitants en constituent la toile de fond. Ses examens passés, en 1898, il enseigne puis devient bibliothécaire.</p><p>Dès son premier recueil de poèmes, <em>Chansons du désert et chansons d'amour</em> (1895), tous ses thèmes sont en place : dans une forme d'une extrême simplicité, qui s'entend admirablement à faire chanter les sonorités du suédois, il exalte, non sans réminiscences romantiques, la grande nature à demi sauvage du Nord, sans trop d'idéalisation, avec un sens aigu de la réalité et, surtout, une sorte de fascination pour les motifs qui, depuis le Moyen Âge, sous-tendent un folklore d'une belle richesse. Mais c'est à dater de 1898 qu'il conçoit son principal personnage poétique, appelé à connaître dans son pays une belle popularité, ce Fridolin qu'il définit comme « un homme instruit, d'origine paysanne, qui est revenu au monde de ses pères quand il lui a paru séduisant de creuser la terre après avoir perdu tout son temps à ne fouiller que dans les livres ». Les <em>Chansons de Fridolin</em> (1898) forment un curieux recueil poétique où joie de vivre, voire jovialité populaire, et mélancolie se mêlent. La bonne humeur vient de ce fond de vieille culture populaire doré par le romantisme du souvenir, les touches plus graves sont dictées par le sentiment de tout ce que nous avons perdu en passant au modernisme. <em>Le Jardin d'Éden de Fridolin</em> (1901) introduit un élément nouveau qui a, plus que tout, contribué à la gloire du poète. Un certain nombre de pièces s'attachent à y décrire les célèbres peintures murales (<em>dalmålningar</em>) de Dalécarlie ou, plutôt, à en restituer, en vers libres, l'atmosphère et la tendresse. Les peintres populaires qui ont décoré dessus de portes et voûtes d'églises de scènes bibliques adaptées à leur goût — on y voit le jardin d'Éden, Élie sur son char, Jonas dans la bouche de la baleine, mais tous en costumes suédois modernes avec bicornes et parapluie au bras — ont voulu parler simplement, candidement à leurs semblables, et c'est cela que Karlfeldt sait merveilleusement retrouver.</p><p>Devenu célèbre, il compose deux recueils encore à la gloire de la sagesse populaire : <em>Flore et Pomone</em> (1906) et <em>Flore et Bellone</em> (1918). Restent les <em>Pensées et propos</em> (publication posthume, 1932) et ce <em>Cor d'automne</em> (1927) où l'inspiration religieuse a définitivement pris le dessus. À quoi bon déplorer ? La vie et la mort sont de l'homme, résignons-nous à nous réconcilier avec celle-ci comme nous avons spontanément tant aimé celle-là. Nous avons aimé, bu, chanté, vécu <em>sub luna</em> — <em>sub luna morior</em>.</p><p>Ce dernier recueil avait décidé les augures à décerner à Erik Axel Karlfeldt le prix Nobel : il refusa par modestie ; ce n'est qu'après sa mort, en 1931, qu'il lui fut acquis. À juste titre, s'il faut le dire : il reste un artiste qui sut faire chanter le vers suédois comme bien peu de ses compatriotes, un homme du Nord, dont l'inspiration ne se pouvait concevoir sans la<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T232259_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="BOYER, Régis"><a title="Auteur : Régis BOYER" rel="author" href="/auteurs/regis-boyer/"><strong>Régis BOYER</strong></a> : professeur émérite (langues, littératures et civilisation scandinaves) à l'université de Paris-IV-Sorbonne </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : KARLFELDT ERIK AXEL (1864-1931)" href="/carte-mentale/erik-axel-karlfeldt/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT232259_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/"> Écrivains </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains européens" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/"> Écrivains européens </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains scandinaves" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/ecrivains-scandinaves/"> Écrivains scandinaves </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Écrivains suédois"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains suédois" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/ecrivains-scandinaves/ecrivains-suedois/"> Écrivains suédois </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT232259_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/suede/#c40961"> <span class="rg">SUÈDE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Régis BOYER</span> , <span rel="author">Michel CABOURET</span> , <span rel="author">Maurice CARREZ</span> , <span rel="author">Georges CHABOT</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Claude MAITROT</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre MOUSSON-LESTANG</span> , <span rel="author">Lucien MUSSET</span> , <span rel="author">Claude NORDMANN</span> et <span rel="author">Jean PARENT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">35 773 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">19 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : SU&Egrave;DE" href="/encyclopedie/suede/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Suède : carte physique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/d/csm_at018104_ed1fdce155.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <em>...Guitare et accordéon</em> (1891) ou <em>Éclats et lambeaux</em> (1896) son angoisse de ne pouvoir accorder la laideur de la réalité aux blandices du rêve, et à <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie d'ERIK AXEL KARLFELDT (1864-1931). Aborder l'œuvre extrêmement originale de ce poète suédois implique deux présupposés : d'abord, que l'on connaisse bien les fameuses peintures murales de Dalécarlie, province du centre de la Suède , naïves et colorées à souhait, qui illustrent avec ingénuité quelque passage de la Bible ; ensuite, que l'on se rappelle que Linné était su..." title="Article : ERIK AXEL KARLFELDT (1864-1931)" href="/encyclopedie/erik-axel-karlfeldt/">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (1864-1931), qui chanta en vers robustes et d'apparence naïve sa Dalécarlie natale dans <em>Chansons de Fridolin</em> (1898) : par là... </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT232259_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SUÉDOISE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-suedoise/"> <span class="rg">SUÉDOISE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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