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<head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <title>Data Science Checklist: 10 Weeks Free Bootcamp</title> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.png" type="image/png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://iq.opengenus.org/100-interview-problems/" /> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" /> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://iq.opengenus.org/100-interview-problems/amp/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="OpenGenus IQ: Computing Expertise & Legacy" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article, checklist" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Data Science Checklist" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This is a short guide helping you to understand how to use our Checklists to keep track of your progress daily." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://iq.opengenus.org/100-interview-problems/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://iq.opengenus.org/content/images/2022/05/checklist.jpg" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-05-28T13:12:13.000Z" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="checklist" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/opengenus" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/opengenus" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Data Science Checklist" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Data Science Checklist" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://iq.opengenus.org/100-interview-problems/" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://iq.opengenus.org/content/images/2022/05/checklist.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Aditya Chatterjee, OpenGenus,Sanjana Babu" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Filed under" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="checklist" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@OpenGenus" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@opengenus" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="918" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="563" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/checklist/checklist-style.css"> <style type="text/css"> @media (min-width:851px){ .container { max-height: 3000px; max-width: 1000px; } } @media (max-width:850px){ .container { max-height: 9000px; max-width: 500px; } } </style> </head>  <script type="text/javascript"> var code = "2"; </script> <header> <h1 class="title">Data Science Checklist: 10 Weeks Free Bootcamp</h1> <p class="text_small">Powered by OpenGenus IQ because we want you ❤️ to succeed. (<a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/use-checklist/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to use this?</a>)<br>Bookmark this page now (press <code>CTRL</code> + <code>D</code>) to easily use this masterpiece tomorrow<br></p> <p class="text_small">Only concepts that you need to review to ace your Data Science Interview</p> <div class="progress"> <span class="progress__count">0/X</span> <input class="progress__reset" type="reset" value="Reset" title="Reset Checkboxes" tabindex="0"> <span class="progress__border"></span> <span class="progress__bar"></span> </div> </header> <div class="container"> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 1: Basics</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Introduction to Data Science</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/introduction-to-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Data Science</a> is an interdisciplinary field <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/relation-of-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> related to many other emerging fields</a> and has <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/phases-of-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> different phases</a> involved. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Mathematics for Data Science</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Mathematics is widely used in Data Science. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/mathematics-for-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> gives us an overview of the few topics of mathematics that are profusely used. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Over and under sampling</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/over-and-under-sampling/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Over and under sampling</a> are two ways to randomly sample an imbalanced dataset to make it balanced. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Supervised, Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> In machine learning, the tasks are broadly categorized into <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/supervised-unsupervised-and-semi-supervised-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supervised,unsupervised and semi-supervised learning</a> which forms the foundation of our understanding of machine learning. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Neural Network and Deep learning</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. It extensively uses <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/neural-network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">neural networks</a> to imitate the learning techniques of the human brain. There are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/types-of-neural-networks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">different types of neural networks</a> available. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Beginner's Guide to Google Colaboratory</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/google-colab/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google colaboratory</a> is a free, web-based Jupyter notebook environment. It allows you to write and execute Python code, document your code using Markdown, visualize datasets, and is an excellent tool for data scientists. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Data analysis tools</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> The process of <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/data-analysis-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Data analysis</a> is the process of collection, organization, transformation and modeling of data to draw conclusions, make predictions and also make informed decisions. Data scientists mostly use <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/python-for-data-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">python for data analysis</a> and also other tools like <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/data-visualization-using-tableau/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tableau </a> for visualization. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 2: Machine Learning Basics</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Feature engineering</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/feature-engineering/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Feature engineering</a> is done is to make data better for the problem you are trying to solve using machine learning. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/feature-selector-using-lasso/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> LASSO</a> is a popular technique used to select features. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Regularization</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/regularization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regularization</a> is a method used to reduce the variance of your model and increase the bias. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/l1-and-l2-regularization-methods/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L1 and L2 regularizations</a> are some of the widely used techniques. However, it is <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/standardization-regularization-vs-normalization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> different </a> from other techniques like standardization. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Frequently used terminologies</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Some of the frequently used terms in ML are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/normalization-in-detail/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">normalization</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/latency-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">latency</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/throughput-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">throughput</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/basics-of-quantization-in-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">quantization</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/pruning-in-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pruning</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/bias-machine-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bias</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/early-exit-in-ml-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">early stopping.</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Model evaluation </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> In machine learning, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/model-evaluation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">model evaluation</a> is used to find the algorithm is best suited to solve our problem. It is done by calculating the <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/performance-metrics-in-classification-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">performance metrics</a>; some of which are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/precision-recall-sensitivity-specificity/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">precision, recall, sensitivity and specificity</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Hyperparameters</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Hyperparameters express “higher-level” properties of the model such as its complexity or how fast it should learn and are usually fixeed before training. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/learning-rate/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Learning rate </a> is an example. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/different-hyperparameter-optimization-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hyperparameter tuning</a> is choosing a set of optimal hyperparameters for a learning algorithm. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Gradient descent</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/gradient-descent/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gradient Descent </a> is an essential optimization algorithm that helps us finding optimum parameters of our machine learning models. It has different <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/types-of-gradient-descent/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">types </a> of which <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/stochastic-gradient-descent-sgd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">stochastic gradient descent </a> is widely used. The reverse process is called <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/gradient-ascent/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> gradient ascent </a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Ensemble methods</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/ensemble-methods-machine-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ensemble methods</a> combines predictions from several models into a single one. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/boosting-ensemble-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Boosting</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/stacking-in-machine-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">stacking</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/voting-classifier/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">voting classifier</a> are some ensembling techniques. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 3: Classification</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Classification</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/classification-used-in-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Classification</a> is categorizing data into different classes. This is based on making predictions using past examples. We feed some examples where we know what the correct prediction is into the model and the model learns from these examples to make accurate predictions in the future. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Logistic Regression</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/logistic-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Logistic Regression</a> is an efficient algorithm that aims to predict categorical values, often binary.It has its own <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-logistic-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> advantages & disadvantages</a>. It can be implemented using <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/logistic-regression-using-scikit-learn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> scikit learn</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/logistic-regression-tensorflow-python/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> tensorflow</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">K-Nearest Neighbours</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">K-Nearest Neighbours</a> is an algorithm which is used for classification and regression and is based on the idea of considering the nearest K data points for calculations. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/text-classification-using-k-nearest-neighbors/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This example</a> uses KNN for text classification. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Decision tree</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/decision-trees/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Decision tree</a> is a popular machine learning algorithm mainly used for classification. Usually, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/id3-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ID3 algorithm</a> is used to build a decision tree. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Support Vector Machine </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/understand-support-vector-machine-in-depth/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SVMs</a> are a particularly powerful and flexible class of supervised algorithms for both classification and regression. It has many <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/advantages-of-svm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">advantages</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/applications-of-svm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">applications</a>. It can be easily <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/svm-by-improving-classifier/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">implemented</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 4: Regression</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Regression</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/regression-used-in-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regression</a>is a statistical method used in various fields to find out how strong the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable is. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Linear Regression</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/logistic-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Linear Regression</a> is regression technique modelling relationship between dependent variable and one or more independent variables by using a linear approach. It has its own <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-linear-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> advantages & disadvantages</a>. It can be implemented using <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/linear-regression-using-scikit-learn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> scikit learn</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/linear-regression-tensorflow-python/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> tensorflow</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Random forest</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/random-decision-forest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Random forest</a> are an ensemble learning method for classification and regression. It has various <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/applications-of-random-forest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">applications</a>. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/random-forests-using-scikit-learn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This example</a> uses random forest for regression. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Polynomial regression</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/polynomial-regression-using-scikit-learn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Polynomial regression</a> is a form of linear regression in which the relationship between the independent variable x and dependent variable y is not linear but it is the nth degree of polynomial. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Elastic Net regression </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Elastic Net regression uses <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/elastic-net-regularization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Elastic Net regularization</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Ridge and Lasso regression </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/ridge-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ridge</a> and LASSO regressions use L2 and L1 regularizations that we saw previously. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Data analysis using regression techniques </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/data-analysis-using-regression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> explains how regression analysis is done. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 5: Unsupervised learning</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">K-means clustering</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/k-means-clustering-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> K-means clustering</a> is a prime example of unsupervised learning and partitional clustering. An improved version of this is <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/k-plus-means-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> K+ means clustering algorithm</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">DBSCAN clustering</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/dbscan-clustering-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DBSCAN clustering</a> is a density-based clustering that identify clusters in the dataset by finding regions which are more densely populated than others. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Spectral clustering</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/spectral-clustering/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spectral clustering</a> is a technique with roots in graph theory, where the approach is used to identify communities of nodes in a graph based on the edges connecting them. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Apriori algorithm </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/apriori-associative-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apriori algorithm</a> is a associative learning algorithm which is generally used in data mining. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Manifold learning </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/manifold-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Manifold learning</a> is the process of modeling manifolds where the data lies. It is a technique used for dimensionality reduction. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Principal component analysis </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/algorithm-principal-component-analysis-pca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Principal component analysis</a> is a technique to bring out strong patterns in a dataset by supressing variations. You can check out <a href="https://https://iq.opengenus.org/why-principal-component-analysis-pca-works/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">why PCA works</a> to get a basic idea behind its working. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/kernal-principal-component-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">KPCA</a> is a variant of PCA. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 6: Deep Learning</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Different layers and activation functions</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> There are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/purpose-of-different-layers-in-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">many different layers </a> in a deep learning model like <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/fully-connected-layer/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fully connected layer </a> . <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/hidden-layers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hidden layers </a> are the most intriguing ones. We also have certain <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/types-of-activation-function//" target="_blank" rel="noopener">activation functions</a> that decides the state of the neuron. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Top Deep learning frameworks</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/top-deep-learning-frameworks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Top deep learning frameworks</a> include Tensorflow, Keras, Caffe2, PyTorch and many more. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Commonly Used Neural Networks</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/commonly-used-neural-networks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commonly Used Neural Networks</a> include various networks such as <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/radial-basis-neural-network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RBFNN</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/kohonen-network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">KNN</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/hopfield-network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hopfield Network </a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">CNN models</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> The CNN <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/evolution-of-cnn-architectures/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">models have evolved</a> and some of the <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/different-types-of-cnn-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">commonly used models now</a> include <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/architecture-and-use-of-alexnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AlexNet</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/resnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> ResNet </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/googlenet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> GoogleNet </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/xception-model/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Xception </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/architecture-of-densenet121/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> DenseNet </a> and many more. CNNs are also widely used in <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/understanding-convolutional-neural-networks-through-image-classification/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> image recognition and classification </a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Data Augmentation</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/data-augmentation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Data Augmentation</a>, is the technique of increasing the size of data used for training a model. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">GAN</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/beginners-guide-to-generative-adversarial-networks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Generative Adversarial Networks</a> is an architecture for training a generative model. There are many <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/types-of-gans/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> types of GANs</a> like <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/super-resolution-gan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> SRGAN</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/deep-convolutional-gans-pytorch/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Deep convolutional GAN</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/image-to-image-translation-cyclegan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> CycleGANs</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/conditional-generative-adversarial-net/ target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Conditional GAN</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Inception models</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/inception-pre-trained-cnn-model/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Inception architecture</a> is an important milestone in the development of CNN classifiers. It consists of many architectures like <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/inception-resnet-v1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Inception-ResNet V1</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/inception-v3-model-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Inception V3</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/inception-v4-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Inception V4</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">VGG models</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> VGG came into picture as it addresses the depth of CNNs. It consists of many architectures like <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/vgg-11/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">VGG-11</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/vgg19-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">VGG-19</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/vgg16/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">VGG-16</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Boltzmann Machines</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/boltzmann-machines/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Boltzmann Machines</a> are models used to discover features in datasets composed of binary vectors. A <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/restricted-boltzmann-machine/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Restricted Boltzmann Machine</a> is a variant in which a visible node is not connected to any other visible node and is used in <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/deep-belief-network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">deep belief networks</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">YOLO</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/you-look-only-once-yolo-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YOLO</a> is a object detection algorithm that has variants like, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/architecture-of-yolov3/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YOLOv3</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/yolov4-model-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YOLOv4</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/scaled-yolov4/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scaled YOLOv4</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/yolor/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YOLOR</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/yolov5/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YOLOv5</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">SSD</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/single-shot-detection-ssd-algorithm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Single shot detection</a> is an object detection algorithm and it's <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/ssd-model-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">architecture</a> is a modified version of VGG. It is used in <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/ssd-mobilenet-v1-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SSD MobileNetV1</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/refinedet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RefineDet model</a> . </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 7: NLP</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Introduction</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/use-of-deep-learning-in-nlp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NLP </a> refers to the ability of the computers to understand human speech or text as it is spoken or written. Some <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/nlp-topics-with-nltk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> core topics are listed here</a>. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/tf-idf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TF-IDF </a> is an important metric used in NLP mostly used to <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/document-similarity-tf-idf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">find similarities between documents</a> . </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">NLP models</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> There are different <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/types-of-nlp-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">types of NLP models</a> present. Some of them are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/bert-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BERT</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/introduction-to-gpt-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GPT</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/advanced-nlp-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">XLNet, RoBERTa and ALBERT</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Text Preprocessing</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/commonly-used-neural-networks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Text preprocessing</a> process of converting a human language text into a machine-interpretable text for further usage. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/porter-stemmer/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stemming (Porter Stemmer algorithm)</a> is an example. </a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Text summarization</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/text-summarization-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Text summarization</a> is the process of creating a compact yet accurate summary of text documents. Some techniques include <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/luhns-heuristic-method-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Luhn's Heuristic Method</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/edmundson-heuristic-method-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edmundson Heuristic Method</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/sumbasic-algorithm-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> SumBasic algorithm </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/k-l-sum-algorithm-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> KL-Sum</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/lexrank-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> LexRank </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/textrank-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> TextRank </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/graph-based-approach-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Reduction </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/latent-semantic-analysis-for-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Latent Semantic Analysis</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/text-summarization-using-rnn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> use of RNN</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Topic Modelling</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> There are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/topic-modelling-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">different techniques</a> for topic modelling. Some include <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/latent-dirichlet-allocation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Latent Dirichlet Allocation </a>, <a href="hhttps://iq.opengenus.org/topic-modeling-nmf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Non Negative Matrix Factorization</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/pachinko-allocation-model//" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pachinko Allocation Model</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/topic-modeling-lsa/#:~:text=Latent%20Semantic%20Model%20is%20a,from%20the%20corpus%20of%20text." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Latent Semantic Analysis</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Information Retrieval</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Information Retrieval can be defined as finding material of an unstructured nature that satisfies the information need from within large collections. It uses the concept of <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/idea-of-indexing-in-nlp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indexing </a>. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/pagerank/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> PageRank algorithm</a> is used to rank web pages used for Google Search Engine. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Sentiment analysis</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> There are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/sentiment-analysis-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">various techniques</a> to perform sentiment analysis. Using <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/naive-bayes-sentiment-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Naive Bayes classifier</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/lexicon-based-sentiment-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lexicon-based techniques</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/ml-for-sentiment-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ML approaches</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/sentiment-analysis-in-lstm-keras/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LSTM</a> are some of them. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Miscellaneous</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Some other important topics in NLP are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/document-clustering-nlp-kmeans/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">document clustering</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/language-identification-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">language identification techniques</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/different-spell-correction-techniques-in-nlp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spell correction</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/word-embedding/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">word embedding</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/word-representations/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">word representations</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/byte-pair-encoding/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">byte pair encoding</a>. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 8: Time series</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Introduction to Time Series Data</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> In <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/time-series-data/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">time series data</a> we have a collection of observations of a single entity at different time intervals. Weather records, economic indicators and patient health evolution metrics — all are time series data. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Basics of Time Series Prediction</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/time-series-prediction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Time series prediction</a> involves concepts like stationarity, moving averages, seasonality and many more which you should be familiar with in order to better understand time series forecasting. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Time series forecasting models and techniques</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Future trend prediction is made by discovering and analyzing underlying patterns in the time series data. Various <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/time-series-analysis-methods/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">methods and models</a> are used for the same. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Time series prediction techniques</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Various artificial neural network models are put to use when performing a time series prediction. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/time-series-prediction-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> elaborates on a few models. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Time series forecasting-Example</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> This is an <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/time-series-forecasting-using-python/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">example of time series forecasting</a> where we put into use the techniques we saw in the previous articles. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 9: Statistics and probability</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Statistical features</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> In <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/statistical-features/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Statistical features</a> are those features of the dataset that can be defined and calculated via statistical analysis. It is the statistical concept that is probably most used in data science. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Types of hypotheses </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> A hypothesis is a precise, testable statement of what a researcher predicts will be the outcome of an experiment or study. There are <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/different-types-of-hypothesis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">different types of hypotheses</a> that are widely used. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Hypothesis testing</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/hypothesis-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hypothesis testing</a> is used to determine whether there is enough evidence to infer for a certain sample that a certain condition is true for the entire population. <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/f-test/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> F Test</a> is one such hypothesis test. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">CLT and LLN</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/central-limit-theorem/#:~:text=It%20states%20that%20%22As%20the,greater%20than%2030%20are%20considered." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Central limit theorem</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/law-of-large-numbers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Law of large numbers</a> are the two important statistical rules that's often put to use in Data Science. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Confidence intervals </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/confidence-intervals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Confidence intervals</a> expresses a range of values within which we are pretty sure that the population parameter lies. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Bayesian model </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> A <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/bayesian-model/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bayesian model</a> is a statistical model where we use probability to represent all uncertainty within the model, both the uncertainty regarding the output but also the uncertainty regarding the input to the model. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Markov model </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> A <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/markov-chain/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Markov chain</a> is a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event. Another variant of this is the <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/hidden-markov-model/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">hidden markov model</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">A/B testing </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/a-b-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A/B testing</a> is a famous testing technique used to compare two variants to determine the best of the two based on user experience. It is a randomized experimentation process. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Simulated annealing </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/simulated-annealing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Simulated annealing </a>is a algorithm used in probability based on the physical annealing process used in metallurgy. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Monte carlo sampling techniques </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/monte-carlo-sampling-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Monte Carlo techniques </a> are a group of computational algorithms for sampling probability distributions in a random manner. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Week 10: Projects</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Project ideas</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> In <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/project-ideas-for-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> contains a list of unique data science project ideas that you can explore. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Face recognition </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Face recognition can be implemented in python using <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/eigenfaces-for-face-recognition/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eigenfaces</a> or <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/face-recognition-using-fisherfaces/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fisherfaces</a>. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Fraud detection</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/fraud-detection-using-keras/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fraud detection</a> is the process of detecting fraudulent feats in credit card transactions and can be classified into anomaly detection. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Native Language Identification</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/native-language-identification-dl/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Native language identification</a> is the task of determining an author's native language based only on their writings or speeches in a second language. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Person re-identification </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/person-reidentification/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Person re-identification</a> is the task of using a picture of a person to identify the presence of the same person is a set of images or video. It is used to identify a person in a CCTV footage. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Hindi Optical Character Recognition </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/hindi-ocr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hindi OCR </a> is basically a model which is used to recognize handwritten Hindi (Devanagari) characters. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Face reconstruction </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> In <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/project-on-reconstructing-face/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">this project</a> we find the set of faces when combined, resulting in face of person 'A' using machine learning techniques like PCA, face reconstruction and much more. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="checklist"> <h2 class="checklist__title">Practice interview questions</h2> <span class="checklist__title-border"></span> <span class="checklist__percentage-border"></span> <ul class="checklist-container"> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Basic data science questions</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/interview-questions-on-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> contains a list of basic data science interview questions. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Advanced data science questions </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/advanced-interview-questions-on-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> contains a list of advanced data science interview questions. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Python</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/python-for-data-science-interview-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Python</a> is the most-tested programming language during data science interviews. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Machine learning</span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> Knowledge on various ML topics such as <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/questions-on-tensorflow/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TensorFlow (basic level)</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/advanced-questions-on-tensorflow/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TensorFlow (advanced level)</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/questions-on-convolution-in-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">convolution</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/regression-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">regression</a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/questions-on-random-forest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">random forest</a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/principal-component-analysis-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PCA</a> are widely tested. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">Deep learning </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/deep-learning-practice-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Deep learning </a> topics such as <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/recurrent-neural-network-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RNN </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/fully-connected-layer-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fully connected layer </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/convolution-layer-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">convolution layer </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/interview-questions-on-gan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GAN </a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/interview-questions-on-autoencoders/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">autoencoders </a> are frequently tested. </div> </div> </li> <li class="checklist-item"> <input id="" type="checkbox" /><label for="" class="checkbox"></label><span class="checklist-item__title">NLP </span> <button class="checklist-item__expand" aria-label="Toggle Info" title="Toggle More Information"> <span class="line"></span> </button> <div class="info-container"> <div class="info"> NLP topics such as <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/interview-questions-on-text-summarization/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">text summarization </a>, <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/interview-questions-on-transformers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">transformers </a> and <a href="https://iq.opengenus.org/bert-interview-questions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BERT </a> are important for interviews. </div> </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <script src="/assets/js/checklist/checklist-track.js"></script> <h3 class="text_end">Best of Luck.</h3> <p class="text_end">Powered by OpenGenus IQ because we love ❤️ you.</p> <br><br>