CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91732f34992187f3',cH: 'pz224zmxkBRoSNpbJ919hImUqib5ynRESa7tG8m59YA-1740439207-1.2.1.1-hCL8qIhLvgif64xDyKuPREoeHh6gZ1XHqddBWYEauwCCXG22OAqKWhePn42lDNh8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rafsan%20Al%20Mamun&__cf_chl_tk=m_hrlcDRIXYz_n.5_0zMzgoq0jhslM2kJQSUfHgv7_4-1740439207-1.0.1.1-6AoDQJUC1AZHPiYZULHMgYer5M5khmTVHDlb9uYwp0k",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740439207',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rafsan%20Al%20Mamun&__cf_chl_f_tk=m_hrlcDRIXYz_n.5_0zMzgoq0jhslM2kJQSUfHgv7_4-1740439207-1.0.1.1-6AoDQJUC1AZHPiYZULHMgYer5M5khmTVHDlb9uYwp0k",md: "zuUKpe2NxqwPBSt_JhNiD1ePqGjgVVwZeew9g8HsZnI-1740439207-1.2.1.1-QT7pSFIApHCEX7o1VUrR1wYPlP4jKRwqAzDaiV46WlDwSM7Q.n0ksoDohyUj283qSsH5i3seVpT2WRjzE1prDzfQlhYDALECGVkx8I1KipCM0IIOhMCtCNMYezuZq9BzLEJMELIcY4ppHYwFfqFUlx9ABfW0Vq0fx_xic8276UL9YMoSPyK6yKtazoITv0nPf8V0ZCQeJb2FLbugOZkdQzUOnxcHVdxPC1vjhV8FW2_WbKnxeGGrHm.RZimEQz4BVbQovpzKJHY9QGLPLJbIqnQj2iAqkcS4ZifIk0A8FrWdQNMqZziI7IXean_MVy2BHcnc0BSu2.sKSQqYO7k36driU7gsR5JGYFdB7SkCcoIimoOiqtSdVjJL2WB1nXL1xWO_gKmeb6H2.i3R6p.vAmJjdS6IpYbRZhyXQcpVtN9oiVJJEyuzvPWPxBjDdq5cUpn0lGvzNb3gd1idykQkGQzESdbAWuBzin3Oyr0k85uDbMgCNTYfROxQ04V9BBoVTmuEmtMv4AtHZhR_ObEh.xgowB2fPAq26tO6ymFsv.SDQs3Gy50CzKou5.RrOKuQhgC2cWHXJrBF73qfVaQQZyWI7_4Dx3PRYXXhjpyXhM9eeZJFgA23AdpdFes8tleD__FXn18YX2S6Xj0IHq..h0rjJksQWx2tGDCBeUM0rjIDe0WMo6AHTeaa3K1hxwo5_.NPEiwT.qvrADgNTwrGX.p_yKCvVxT6liOUAkhuzj0SbZxCj680ObG5u3o9WyilPEKeX_qCYar.x4EcvDmvXgGfiBrpWWMbRaGq2Q8x3iOl.s1il000KTfQ2JJ5PQMLThzZeaDee4G7gl69_n7VGaojbODd7bsdnuBE8oIQideXqu_XKrkN5K95cLjVGjYnesOnbQLniIjrN4dRH2XR21w52Ls0a0Iml52ORYD.vk6YniyvCN_KxNLmRe_rZnRFzU79T.cPcjkTs.bBqM6PJ7tf3h8_dvyd_0LtpnqCiDGz9M09_prFViD2iHDTPFmBnmndryBEuQXKkqbJkvumwxWdm.d_.RT6wP0bfTvZoYMbDcLDBF_gMZuOmoTrEBmQd._YUvN6EBGm.gNjlpg2KdUmQiUZzxxQROjl.9WgxENhQKvXhiW40oxyIREIqt5djWBoUo9vWaAU6DkFtpKwz6cT7EJPwN.dsSNLmQVXcqVXjT7wRm6QQlxwo_CTkq2Ogoc8bJ4NXPWI4YDdvA3P3L.p3K1btQOqOm47cUu6zMGTBL2ZKq7Ymqg9bZzcEjxfvZJXX6Dx54J.4c6.vxb0VA5tq4kqv4T2.Oes._UsZDwr9cXPJs.NryTkaeYLbRKlex0_V4bMUBrgjKrtZukYdqSsKi46bnP.vxWGRiQCdOnQTU7.w62Crecfn9fFQWGIWT9E_2KOVQd44bjRn.5o9YSRgg3xCOJEJDZOwHshfIviSJzGDRAoLATTrOotXTpigRg0.5bpub9S_tGA6Y36mhcQuAo6yinpxi7SmN66lmi3SuMDST4BFFgQg.cAgAvpOo650stIFR6DYt4dppwlwJ.ui.8biLz5mHu6sPy_01yz4bKyQ8RnVmqBs3O2c7r2bP807BV1zz__8WbiTD7.P_tBZ6vgwOpkGVOHuW.mptvb4y28BSfgtDIkDA3hDe27NnrDoskAS4X8v5Dd_F73UxLKsVKwm_Z3l_JxjoQo.90v1REySkuKRSKjS97FRkxjMAPfQjdbC_glImrNj5nmDrV0w1k5x.IEXKU8C9KGVmp7geIG5MnQgpsFBu40iU2CMrFOXJIa9ho..lqNxNgYsZD4AavnRZhF0S5BhDuhcH5DqX229R6Gth3yE7ojkxXDtQZlH9Tr1p_1E2uHNSak_Rsy_I7XPxlTfwG1lY6tb7DoSKPHHnG6G7FuoDhF2_JLKnQt0ftah3D7HlWMdI.mAAaqc12h308YAPZayreZnUU",mdrd: "KYsgohvuikKUbmLlI7mK1pC8GMAWTD.eDW37X17vWEM-1740439207-1.2.1.1-Jel4VWF9AxWN9x08y6aSjmlzYhq4VvyzrppRltqrcRseB18nA.ViXHsvu08fRh0.YidvX4i_x6_lSZsp4Wucz_J4M4_9tPhTz_f403xmQQUXd_BE67Tg.R12xGV7mGork4c50U7fxtDdKzuXjAOTAjIfMgXkRbM0kNoBEMHgga.SpHLZFb57SwLVtMD8XoUhPcNc1x02.JDk2ey5DSWS9uWuE5R72KEkHPCpl8OeKVFrx73I59E5aBxImf3lEO8xb2Yia4V7GRGIqxFl03WWeMHJPwA9S6nCcdi1o8Te9rl52NXeWccY3IJAcBmh2wJDWyf._LV1kkPHW64bt_czxXIpATUsQetLdLdripftroEeFv7fNIsZWPDkgMOz99JW3HSu8X806lW3n_3.vkQ6dN1prX06YjJ5IbQSg8bJU170hwTG1.UpZ4SzD.7eMPQv5xCtJYQCwlb9IyiQcmsTA4K1M_eoR9n9OLgx1FNarZzDFftY_xgCv_Ynm4gmtuspucX8mvCVhNMfLUOEdWxwVBZ2qu7cI57EFv.7o8zUzK.i1_fjd_rhgAB4XN.oFWs0URufR12TghwK1bDwpOr7Ohd43D7up2HSd0ek4RINS0gMMXs6g.9rarQvyFzbyNZvUzIaXHsMqTJvdJ.el8lbDLB2S21NEPpBPziRnn39StN8Ai1cW9t3kWw2YI3.2r551YtHpddOVSsiAvT3sOaK5Bj08klw5k1fhXIf7gy4A37mttRk6bexOPo18YR39ypK0J9nB6WGYAfa4PjGXFv7CUIZqeDeIhAMltxK8Gl0NRhsIoKY.XSR7JMh0SIAFSHP1vODDz2o2dmm2WmVaVHJLznIeLRjkPQv.DE0cUwiR5OaTWVPxjfe0SQQtYZzRrhJnATfeArYFACffPAVPtkwZgVNrVsBkFyG8G_D5JshOpUy26Tg0Pvemx37fhEU_bFdvVM6g5h4KSgLhZgC6viUyqbeMJYjof9_1C6ul45bkQm9pmaHfu04BVfCGM5YbIDadyq.j5NNblChmLX0dCMyobkRZnz.cfY6_hrtSdF3Ww78RLQ4de8rDPJTWOhdWPggGJcdTE2jdEdox6_Qq2iSWRrLJO.I5Tw1kF1W3XXSX1PNhi1_zsV0yMoGuK5J2m8EASQyemnHKDwTTYF_AAwwqM13NRDgq6i5VY0mK0DOx9Qd5FDjVPNuy1nWbQV79pbG3fKXuw6veS3jSWBlLCEhAne0B0QkHsk6P7lZYK25vd.GSYP9grSqHySD7Cwkq8vyp4U5Pmqlkp4L9CceAvF7.j0EllPEJWhL84CTexEQbxqC23dppnpMFiix8eFFj8fh2iYW28c5e7aJggRcvfRKBdN6pM56AMMdgtRaV2f4NCs3I2D6sM2FCDduj_2a0weJgHDtAlh2C5bSEeaxln6rLFW..mBFpWbolnSqsGLd7MMjDqlOTHIdaa36oQ9IvoUSue3rpyJgit8ItfUGryoSh.PwNooGqj8SPZ26_yHM66BV7fwsihVJPgtkJk_a3ggc0XYpTKnzWqPNnksgVGqU3q0I68tJujTsiC3KfeHGFRult48Kw9eLjA96bxjnFksy3n.Fv2mNT0iAQhzoxpoh_wnjj2Z1fRPCAkUbN0s0IUQJ.xCgEBi_opQuLlNJYv4kGadvZaxP8CLZn6ACpqemHWENZgJPYOq4AObr3R2n3szwAi_VpZcxE.iNMMLkSEGHOTquVFC0ZOZH2NUhGv_TaTN85nrXlNsefSJ4dTe2f1TWsABUGUyS_c1yb93OmSn51QX5B5o.x4ejsv1RdcwjRbwbWk6J2jSBNaQlpZwuzNYZJS2EQXQMvS7bjOKCbyrX7pZF3M3H2IDhl.qRged8GIInOXfFpQW4aWAnzk5iJnwHq2WrratyAUSHlkzQ9oTYPd4ostgy7ItJ4X1MKFlEn3iG8UHekrn9Uwjhr80i6JymiXjYj34n4oLae_0Op4NG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91732f34992187f3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rafsan%20Al%20Mamun&__cf_chl_rt_tk=m_hrlcDRIXYz_n.5_0zMzgoq0jhslM2kJQSUfHgv7_4-1740439207-1.0.1.1-6AoDQJUC1AZHPiYZULHMgYer5M5khmTVHDlb9uYwp0k" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>