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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png/330px-Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png/440px-Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">Presidios</a> built in the Philippines during the 1600s, in <i>Fortress of Empire</i> by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Spanish fortifications of the Philippines</b>, or <i>fuerzas</i>, are <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">strongholds</a> constructed by <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> primarily for protection against local and foreign aggressors during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Spanish colonial period</a>, and during the subsequent American and Japanese occupations. Structures built included <a href="/wiki/Fortresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortresses">fortresses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watchtower" title="Watchtower">watchtowers</a>, and bastions. Many are badly damaged, either due to old age or past conflicts. Currently, there are initiatives for restorations of all forts, beginning when the Baluarte Luna of <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> were restored in the 2010s. In 2013, a typhoon and earthquake hit Central Visayas and damaged numerous Spanish fortifications, leading to the largest restoration activity for fortifications in Philippine history. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_forts">List of forts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of forts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Condition </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg/220px-Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg/330px-Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg/440px-Fort_Santiago_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="4185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fuerza de Santiago</a> </td> <td>1571 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>citadel </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg/220px-Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg/330px-Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg/440px-Fort_San_Pedro_-_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro" title="Fort San Pedro">Fuerte de San Pedro</a> </td> <td>1630 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro_(Iloilo)" title="Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)">Fuerza de la Nuestra Señora del Rosario</a> </td> <td>1602 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a> </td> <td>destroyed </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Cuyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Fort_Cuyo.jpg/220px-Fort_Cuyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Fort_Cuyo.jpg/330px-Fort_Cuyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Fort_Cuyo.jpg/440px-Fort_Cuyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1104" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Cuyo" title="Fort Cuyo">Fuerza de Cuyo</a> </td> <td>1680 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuyo,_Palawan" title="Cuyo, Palawan">Cuyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg/220px-Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg/330px-Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg/440px-Nuestro_Se%C3%B1ora_La_Virgen_Del_Pilar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pilar" title="Fort Pilar">Real de Fuerte de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza</a> </td> <td>1635 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG/220px-Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG/330px-Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG/440px-Fort_of_San_Antonio_Abad_-_back_entrance_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Antonio_Abad" title="Fort San Antonio Abad">Fuerza de San Antonio Abad</a> </td> <td>1584 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate, Manila</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG/220px-Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG/330px-Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG/440px-Fort_Sta._Isabel_in_Taytay.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Santa_Isabel" title="Fort Santa Isabel">Fuerza de Sta. Isabel</a> </td> <td>1667 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taytay,_Palawan" title="Taytay, Palawan">Taytay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Capul_Church,_Northern_Samar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Capul_Church%2C_Northern_Samar.JPG/220px-Capul_Church%2C_Northern_Samar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Capul_Church%2C_Northern_Samar.JPG/330px-Capul_Church%2C_Northern_Samar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Capul_Church%2C_Northern_Samar.JPG/440px-Capul_Church%2C_Northern_Samar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="981" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Fuerza de Capul </td> <td>1596 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capul" title="Capul">Capul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg/220px-Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg/330px-Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg/440px-Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo_walls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo" title="Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo">Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo</a> </td> <td>1756 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>citadel </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen,_KITLV_79629.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen%2C_KITLV_79629.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen%2C_KITLV_79629.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen%2C_KITLV_79629.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen%2C_KITLV_79629.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen%2C_KITLV_79629.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-KITLV_A393_-_Fort_San_Felipe_te_Cavite_op_de_Filippijnen%2C_KITLV_79629.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3975" data-file-height="2828" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Felipe_(Cavite)" title="Fort San Felipe (Cavite)">Fortaleza de San Felipe</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Fuerza de Almonte </td> <td>1892 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bacolod,_Lanao_del_Norte" title="Bacolod, Lanao del Norte">Bacolod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Cotta de Dapitan </td> <td>1761 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dapitan" title="Dapitan">Dapitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Pikit_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Fort_Pikit_01.jpg/220px-Fort_Pikit_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Fort_Pikit_01.jpg/330px-Fort_Pikit_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Fort_Pikit_01.jpg/440px-Fort_Pikit_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pikit" title="Fort Pikit">Fuerza de Pikit</a> </td> <td>1893 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malidegao" title="Malidegao">Malidegao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Fuerza de Jolo </td> <td>1876 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jolo,_Sulu" title="Jolo, Sulu">Jolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> </td> <td>destroyed </td> <td>citadel </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Fuerza de Masbate </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg/220px-Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg/330px-Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg/440px-Interior_of_Kuta_Church_Ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuta_Church_Ruins" title="Kuta Church Ruins">Fuerza de Bongabong</a> </td> <td>1737 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bongabong" title="Bongabong">Bongabong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>garrison </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG/220px-Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG/330px-Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG/440px-Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo" title="Cuartel de Santo Domingo">Cuartel de Santo Domingo</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Laguna" title="Santa Rosa, Laguna">Santa Rosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>garrison </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-View_from_Cagayancillo_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Fuerza de Cagayancillo </td> <td>~1580s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cagayancillo" title="Cagayancillo">Cagayancillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon,_Romblon_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon%2C_Romblon_1.jpg/220px-Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon%2C_Romblon_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon%2C_Romblon_1.jpg/330px-Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon%2C_Romblon_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon%2C_Romblon_1.jpg/440px-Fort_San_Andres_in_Romblon%2C_Romblon_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Twin_Forts_of_Romblon" title="Twin Forts of Romblon">Twin Forts of Romblon</a> </td> <td>1645 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romblon,_Romblon" title="Romblon, Romblon">Romblon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_San_Jose,_Banton,_Romblon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fort_San_Jose%2C_Banton%2C_Romblon.JPG/220px-Fort_San_Jose%2C_Banton%2C_Romblon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fort_San_Jose%2C_Banton%2C_Romblon.JPG/330px-Fort_San_Jose%2C_Banton%2C_Romblon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fort_San_Jose%2C_Banton%2C_Romblon.JPG/440px-Fort_San_Jose%2C_Banton%2C_Romblon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuerza_de_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Fuerza de San José">Fuerza de San José</a> </td> <td>1645 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banton,_Romblon" title="Banton, Romblon">Banton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a> </td> <td>under restoration </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg/220px-Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg/330px-Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg/440px-Militar_Spanish_Camp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Fuerte de Alfonso XII </td> <td>1890 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tukuran" title="Tukuran">Tukuran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Baluarte_Watch_Tower,_Luna,_La_Union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Baluarte_Watch_Tower%2C_Luna%2C_La_Union.jpg/220px-Baluarte_Watch_Tower%2C_Luna%2C_La_Union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Baluarte_Watch_Tower%2C_Luna%2C_La_Union.jpg/330px-Baluarte_Watch_Tower%2C_Luna%2C_La_Union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Baluarte_Watch_Tower%2C_Luna%2C_La_Union.jpg/440px-Baluarte_Watch_Tower%2C_Luna%2C_La_Union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Baluarte Luna </td> <td>c.17th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna,_La_Union" title="Luna, La Union">Luna</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>bastion </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca,_Quezon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca%2C_Quezon.JPG/220px-Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca%2C_Quezon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca%2C_Quezon.JPG/330px-Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca%2C_Quezon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca%2C_Quezon.JPG/440px-Front_view_Kutang_San_Diego_Gumaca%2C_Quezon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Kutang San Diego </td> <td>c.18th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gumaca" title="Gumaca">Gumaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dauis_watchtower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dauis_watchtower.jpg/220px-Dauis_watchtower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dauis_watchtower.jpg/330px-Dauis_watchtower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dauis_watchtower.jpg/440px-Dauis_watchtower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Dauis watchtower </td> <td>1796 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dauis" title="Dauis">Dauis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Panglao_watchtower,_Bohol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panglao_watchtower%2C_Bohol.png/220px-Panglao_watchtower%2C_Bohol.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panglao_watchtower%2C_Bohol.png/330px-Panglao_watchtower%2C_Bohol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panglao_watchtower%2C_Bohol.png/440px-Panglao_watchtower%2C_Bohol.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Panglao watchtower </td> <td>1851 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panglao,_Bohol" title="Panglao, Bohol">Panglao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> </td> <td>intact </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Punta_Cruz_Watchtower,_Maribojoc,_Bohol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Punta_Cruz_Watchtower%2C_Maribojoc%2C_Bohol.jpg/220px-Punta_Cruz_Watchtower%2C_Maribojoc%2C_Bohol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Punta_Cruz_Watchtower%2C_Maribojoc%2C_Bohol.jpg/330px-Punta_Cruz_Watchtower%2C_Maribojoc%2C_Bohol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Punta_Cruz_Watchtower%2C_Maribojoc%2C_Bohol.jpg/440px-Punta_Cruz_Watchtower%2C_Maribojoc%2C_Bohol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_San_Vicente_Ferrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuerte de San Vicente Ferrer">Fuerte de San Vicente Ferrer</a> </td> <td>1796 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maribojoc" title="Maribojoc">Maribojoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Guinsiliban watchtower </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guinsiliban" title="Guinsiliban">Guinsiliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a> </td> <td>restored </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Laguindingan watchtower </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laguindingan" title="Laguindingan">Laguindingan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Watchtower_in_Guimbal,_Iloilo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Watchtower_in_Guimbal%2C_Iloilo.jpg/220px-Watchtower_in_Guimbal%2C_Iloilo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Watchtower_in_Guimbal%2C_Iloilo.jpg/330px-Watchtower_in_Guimbal%2C_Iloilo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Watchtower_in_Guimbal%2C_Iloilo.jpg/440px-Watchtower_in_Guimbal%2C_Iloilo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Guimbal watchtowers </td> <td>c.17th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guimbal" title="Guimbal">Guimbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a> </td> <td>two restored, three ruins </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Baluarte,_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baluarte%2C_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG/220px-Baluarte%2C_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baluarte%2C_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG/330px-Baluarte%2C_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baluarte%2C_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG/440px-Baluarte%2C_Lantawan_or_watchtower.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3828" data-file-height="2466" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Oslob watchtower </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oslob" title="Oslob">Oslob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> </td> <td>ruin </td> <td>watchtower </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_status">UNESCO World Heritage status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: UNESCO World Heritage status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tentative_list">Tentative list</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tentative list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 16, 2006, a collection of five well-preserved examples of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial architecture</a> was added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a> Tentative List in the Cultural category.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collection titled "Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines" include the following buildings located throughout the country: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Capul_Church" title="Capul Church"><b>Fuerza de Capul</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauis,_Bohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Dauis, Bohol"><b>Dauis Watchtower</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Dauis" title="Dauis">Dauis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cruz_Watchtower" title="Punta Cruz Watchtower">Punta Cruz Watchtower</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maribojoc" title="Maribojoc">Maribojoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Romblon,_Romblon" title="Romblon, Romblon">Fuerza de San Andres</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Romblon,_Romblon" title="Romblon, Romblon">Romblon, Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taytay,_Palawan" title="Taytay, Palawan"><b>Fuerza de Sta. Isabe</b>l</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taytay,_Palawan" title="Taytay, Palawan">Taytay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></li></ol> <p>In 2015, by recommendation of UNESCO, the fortifications were removed from the tentative list of the Philippines as they 'will have a hard time meeting the standards of the organization'. The old town of Capul (Northern Samar), old town of Romblon (Romblon province), and old town of Taytay (Palawan) were recommended as possible heritage sites in the future once the Philippines submits them in the tentative list, along with a complete dossier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_re-inclusion_list">Future re-inclusion list</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Future re-inclusion list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heritage groups have been advocating for the return of the fortifications in the tentative list, but with the inclusion of at least twenty-one more Spanish colonial fortifications throughout the country to maximize its potential to be included in the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>. Restoration activities on numerous fortifications throughout the country are currently ongoing in a bid to support the future nomination of the fortifications to UNESCO. However, some fortifications are within private lands, hindering cultural agencies of government from restoring those forts. The possible return of the fortifications in the tentative list is supported by both governments of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Other properties being proposed to be included for the re-nomination are: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuartel_de_Santo_Domingo" title="Cuartel de Santo Domingo">Cuartel de Santo Domingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Laguna" title="Santa Rosa, Laguna">Santa Rosa, Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyo_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuyo Fort">Fuerza de Cuyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuyo,_Palawan" title="Cuyo, Palawan">Cuyo, Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayancillo_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagayancillo Fort">Fuerza de Cagayancillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cagayancillo" title="Cagayancillo">Cagayancillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pilar" title="Fort Pilar">Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Felipe_(Cavite)" title="Fort San Felipe (Cavite)">Fuerza de San Felipe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro" title="Fort San Pedro">Fuerza de San Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo" title="Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo">Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Antonio_Abad" title="Fort San Antonio Abad">Fuerza de San Antonio Abad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pikit" title="Fort Pikit">Fuerza de Pikit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malidegao" title="Malidegao">Malidegao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblon,_Romblon" title="Romblon, Romblon">Fuerza de Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romblon,_Romblon" title="Romblon, Romblon">Romblon, Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolo,_Sulu" title="Jolo, Sulu">Fuerza de Jolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jolo,_Sulu" title="Jolo, Sulu">Jolo, Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Fuerza de Masbate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongabong,_Oriental_Mindoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro">Fuerza de Bongabong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bongabong,_Oriental_Mindoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro">Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan" title="Dapitan">Cotta de Dapitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dapitan" title="Dapitan">Dapitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukuran,_Zamboanga_del_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur">Fuerte de Alfonso XII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tukuran,_Zamboanga_del_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur">Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacolod,_Lanao_del_Norte" title="Bacolod, Lanao del Norte">Fuerza de Bacolod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacolod,_Lanao_del_Norte" title="Bacolod, Lanao del Norte">Bacolod, Lanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinsiliban,_Camiguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinsiliban, Camiguin">Guinsiliban Watchtower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinsiliban,_Camiguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinsiliban, Camiguin">Guinsiliban, Camiguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguindingan,_Misamis_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental">Laguindingan Watchtower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguindingan,_Misamis_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental">Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumaca" title="Gumaca">Kutang San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumaca,_Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumaca, Quezon">Gumaca, Quezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna,_La_Union" title="Luna, La Union">Baluarte Luna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna,_La_Union" title="Luna, La Union">Luna, La Union</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture of the Philippines</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruined_churches_in_the_Philippines" title="List of ruined churches in the Philippines">List of ruined churches in the Philippines</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">History of the Philippines (1565–1898)</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Sulu_and_Celebes_Seas" title="Piracy in the Sulu and Celebes Seas">Piracy in the Sulu and Celebes Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military history of the Philippines</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts" title="List of forts">List of forts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309173612/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/520/">"Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/520/">the original</a> on 2021-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Spanish+Colonial+Fortifications+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F520%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+colonial+fortifications+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuengo2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luengo, Pedro (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistadeindias.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revistadeindias/article/view/1058">"La fortificación del archipiélago filipino en el siglo XVIII: La defensa integral ante lo local y lo global"</a> [The fortification of the Philippine archipelago in the eighteenth century: Integral defense in the face of local and global conflict]. <i>Revista de Indias</i> (in Spanish). <b>77</b> (271): 727–758. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Frevindias.2017.021">10.3989/revindias.2017.021</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Indias&rft.atitle=La+fortificaci%C3%B3n+del+archipi%C3%A9lago+filipino+en+el+siglo+XVIII%3A+La+defensa+integral+ante+lo+local+y+lo+global&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=271&rft.pages=727-758&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3989%2Frevindias.2017.021&rft.aulast=Luengo&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistadeindias.revistas.csic.es%2Findex.php%2Frevistadeindias%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+colonial+fortifications+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301220310/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/520/">Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines - UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a> Retrieved 2009-03-03.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_fortifications_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish fortifications in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Luzon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> (Manila) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Antonio_Abad" title="Fort San Antonio Abad">Fort San Antonio Abad</a> (Manila)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Felipe_(Cavite)" title="Fort San Felipe (Cavite)">Fort San Felipe</a> (Cavite City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Santa_Isabel" title="Fort Santa Isabel">Fort Santa Isabel</a> (Taytay)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visayas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro" title="Fort San Pedro">Fort San Pedro</a> (Cebu City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro_(Iloilo)" title="Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)">Fort San Pedro</a> (Iloilo City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Forts_of_Romblon" title="Twin Forts of Romblon">Twin Forts of Romblon</a> (Romblon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cruz_Watchtower" title="Punta Cruz Watchtower">Punta Cruz Watchtower</a> (Maribojoc)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mindanao</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_la_Concepcion_y_del_Triunfo" title="Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo">Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo</a> (Ozamiz City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pikit" title="Fort Pikit">Fort Pikit</a> (Malidegao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pilar" title="Fort Pilar">Fort Pilar</a> (Zamboanga City)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_/_Hispanic_Colonial_architecture_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Template:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Template talk:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_/_Hispanic_Colonial_architecture_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable historic centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Agaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Albuquerque" title="Old Town Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Cienfuegos" title="Historic Centre of Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_de_Coro" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana de Coro">Coro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Ecuador" title="Cuenca, Ecuador">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada,_Nicaragua" title="Granada, Nicaragua">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_(city)" title="Guanajuato (city)">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Havana" title="Old Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloílo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles_Historical_Monument" title="El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Lima" title="Historic Centre of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Mexico_City" title="Historic center of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Mompox" title="Santa Cruz de Mompox">Mompox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_(New_Orleans)" title="Jackson Square (New Orleans)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_Viejo" title="Panamá Viejo">Old Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Viejo,_Panama" title="Casco Viejo, Panama">Panamá City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popay%C3%A1n" title="Popayán">Popayán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito#Historic_center" title="Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Plaza_Historic_District" title="Alamo Plaza Historic District">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego" title="Old Town, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs" title="Mission San Francisco de Asís">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_San_Juan" title="Old San Juan">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Armas_(Santiago)" title="Plaza de Armas (Santiago)">Santiago de Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal,_Batangas" title="Taal, Batangas">Taal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayabas" title="Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Trujillo" title="Historic Centre of Trujillo">Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_(city)" title="Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Spanish missions">List of Spanish missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_the_Americas#Colonial_era" title="List of oldest buildings in the Americas">Oldest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cathedrals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Argentina" title="List of cathedrals in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Bolivia" title="List of cathedrals in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Chile" title="List of cathedrals in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Colombia" title="List of cathedrals in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of cathedrals in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Cuba" title="List of cathedrals in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cathedrals in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Ecuador" title="List of cathedrals in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Guam" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Guatemala" title="List of cathedrals in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Honduras" title="List of cathedrals in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Mexico" title="List of cathedrals in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Nicaragua" title="List of cathedrals in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Panama" title="List of cathedrals in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Paraguay" title="List of cathedrals in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Peru" title="List of cathedrals in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cathedrals in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Puerto_Rico" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Arizona" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#California" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Florida" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Louisiana" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Uruguay" title="List of cathedrals in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Venezuela" title="List of cathedrals in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Churches_of_the_Philippines" title="Baroque Churches of the Philippines">Baroque Churches of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Bohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic churches in Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Churches of Chiloé">Chiloé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_monasteries_in_Mexico" title="Mendicant monasteries in Mexico">Mendicant monasteries in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasteries_on_the_slopes_of_Popocat%C3%A9petl" title="Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl">Popocatépetl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fortifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">Presidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_on_the_Caribbean_Side_of_Panama:_Portobelo-San_Lorenzo" title="Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo">Caribbean coast of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_colonial_Chile" title="Coastal fortifications of colonial Chile">Coasts of Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_colonial_Santo_Domingo" title="List of forts in colonial Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges and roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_bridges_in_Tayabas" title="Spanish colonial bridges in Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other building types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alh%C3%B3ndiga_(building)" title="Alhóndiga (building)">Alhóndiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_na_bato" title="Bahay na bato">Bahay na bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconies_of_Lima" title="Balconies of Lima">Balconies of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">Bullring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacienda" title="Hacienda">Hacienda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haciendas_in_the_Valley_of_Ameca" title="Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca">Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_architecture" title="Spanish Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spanish_Baroque" title="New Spanish Baroque">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilotan_architecture" title="Chilotan architecture">Chilotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Colonial_architecture" title="Monterey Colonial architecture">Monterey Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern Revival styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque#California_Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">California Churrigueresque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&oldid=1218750865">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines&oldid=1218750865</a>"</div></div> <div 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