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href="#American_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 American colonization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I_and_the_1918_influenza_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_and_the_1918_influenza_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 World War I and the 1918 influenza pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_and_the_1918_influenza_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 Interwar period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Samoa_Mau_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Samoa_Mau_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4.1 American Samoa Mau movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Samoa_Mau_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexation_of_Swains_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexation_of_Swains_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4.2 Annexation of Swains Island </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annexation_of_Swains_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.5 World War II and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1951–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1951–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.6 1951–1999 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1951–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Notable events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-September_2009_earthquake_and_tsunami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2009_earthquake_and_tsunami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 September 2009 earthquake and tsunami </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2009_earthquake_and_tsunami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Nationality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voting_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1.1 Voting rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Land ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_protest_to_naming_of_neighboring_Samoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_protest_to_naming_of_neighboring_Samoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Official protest to naming of neighboring Samoa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_protest_to_naming_of_neighboring_Samoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Climate </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Climate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GDP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GDP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 GDP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GDP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Employment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minimum_wage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minimum_wage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Minimum wage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minimum_wage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Telecommunications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Ethnicity and language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 American football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 Association football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_league" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_league"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.3 Rugby league </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_league-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.4 Rugby union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.5 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Wildlife </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Wildlife subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fruit_bats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit_bats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Fruit bats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_bats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avifauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avifauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Avifauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avifauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Country_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Country data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">American Samoa</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 142 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" > 142 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amirika" title="Samoa Amirika – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Samoa Amirika" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaans-Samoa" title="Amerikaans-Samoa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amerikaans-Samoa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanisch-Samoa" title="Amerikanisch-Samoa – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Amerikanisch-Samoa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8A_%E1%88%B3%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%93" title="አሜሪካዊ ሳሞዓ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አሜሪካዊ ሳሞዓ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86" title="अमेरिकी सामोआ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अमेरिकी सामोआ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ساموا الأمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساموا الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_am%C3%A8riqu%C3%A8nes" title="Samoa amèriquènes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Samoa amèriquènes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Sam%C3%B3a" title="Amérika Samóa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Amérika Samóa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Samoas%C4%B1" title="Amerika Samoası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amerika Samoası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آمریکا سامواسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکا سامواسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মার্কিন সামোয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন সামোয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_l%C3%A9ng_Samoa" title="Bí-kok léng Samoa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok léng Samoa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Америка Самоаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Америка Самоаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Амерыканскае Самоа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканскае Самоа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Амэрыканскае Самоа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амэрыканскае Самоа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanong_Samoa" title="Amerikanong Samoa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Amerikanong Samoa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Американска Самоа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американска Самоа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanisch-Samoa" title="Amerikanisch-Samoa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Amerikanisch-Samoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_Samoa" title="Američka Samoa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Američka Samoa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amerikan" title="Samoa Amerikan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Samoa Amerikan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Nord-americana" title="Samoa Nord-americana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Samoa Nord-americana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="American Samoa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_Samoa" title="Americká Samoa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Americká Samoa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="American Samoa" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="American Samoa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_America" title="Samoa America – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Samoa America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_Samoa" title="Amerikansk Samoa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amerikansk Samoa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerihk%C3%A1_Samoa" title="Amerihká Samoa – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Amerihká Samoa" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanisch-Samoa" title="Amerikanisch-Samoa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amerikanisch-Samoa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AF%DE%87%DE%A7" title="އެމެރިކަން ސަމޯއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އެމެރިކަން ސަމޯއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_Samoa" title="Ameerika Samoa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Samoa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%B1" title="Αμερικανική Σαμόα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανική Σαμόα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Samoo" title="Usona Samoo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Samoo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Estatubatuarra" title="Samoa Estatubatuarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Samoa Estatubatuarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A2%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ساموآی آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساموآی آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="American Samoa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanska_S%C3%A1moa" title="Amerikanska Sámoa – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Amerikanska Sámoa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_am%C3%A9ricaines" title="Samoa américaines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samoa américaines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaansk-Samo%C3%A4" title="Amerikaansk-Samoä – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaansk-Samoä" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C3%B3_Mheirice%C3%A1" title="Samó Mheiriceá – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Samó Mheiriceá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Samoa" title="Amerikan Samoa – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Amerikan Samoa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Aimearaganach" title="Samoa Aimearaganach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Samoa Aimearaganach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet_li%C3%A2ng_Samoa" title="Mî-koet liâng Samoa – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mî-koet liâng Samoa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B8%EC%82%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%95%84" title="아메리칸사모아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아메리칸사모아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81moa_%CA%BBAmelika" title="Sāmoa ʻAmelika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Sāmoa ʻAmelika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A1" title="Ամերիկյան Սամոա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամերիկյան Սամոա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86" title="अमेरिकी समोआ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकी समोआ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_Samoa" title="Američka Samoa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američka Samoa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usana_Samoa" title="Usana Samoa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Usana Samoa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="আমেরিকান সামোয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আমেরিকান সামোয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amerika" title="Samoa Amerika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samoa Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%C3%A6" title="Америкæйы Самоæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Америкæйы Самоæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADska_Sam%C3%B3a" title="Bandaríska Samóa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bandaríska Samóa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americane" title="Samoa Americane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Samoa Americane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סמואה האמריקנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמואה האמריקנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Am%C3%A9rika" title="Samoa Amérika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Samoa Amérika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Samoa" title="Amerika Samoa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amerika Samoa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90" title="ამერიკის სამოა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის სამოა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Америка Самоасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Америка Самоасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amerikan" title="Samoa Amerikan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Samoa Amerikan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samowa_Nyamerika" title="Samowa Nyamerika – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Samowa Nyamerika" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_ya_Marekani" title="Samoa ya Marekani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Samoa ya Marekani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_am%C3%A9rikenn" title="Samoa amérikenn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Samoa amérikenn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Америка Самоасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америка Самоасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ຊາມົວອາເມຣິກາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊາມົວອາເມຣິກາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_Samoa" title="ASV Samoa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV Samoa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanesch-Samoa" title="Amerikanesch-Samoa – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Amerikanesch-Samoa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikos_Samoa" title="Amerikos Samoa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amerikos Samoa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C3%B6a_Americann-e" title="Samöa Americann-e – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Samöa Americann-e" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaans_Samoa" title="Amerikaans Samoa – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Amerikaans Samoa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_American" title="Samoa American – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Samoa American" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_Szamoa" title="Amerikai Szamoa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai Szamoa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Американска Самоа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американска Самоа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5" title="അമേരിക്കൻ സമോവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമേരിക്കൻ സമോവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amerikana" title="Samoa Amerikana – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Samoa Amerikana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81moa_Marikena" title="Hāmoa Marikena – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hāmoa Marikena" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86" title="अमेरिकन सामोआ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमेरिकन सामोआ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90" title="ამერიკაშ სამოა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამერიკაშ სამოა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ساموا الامريكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ساموا الامريكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A2" title="آمریکا ساموآ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آمریکا ساموآ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amerika" title="Samoa Amerika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Samoa Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB-gu%C3%B3k_li%C4%81ng_Samoa" title="Mī-guók liāng Samoa – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī-guók liāng Samoa" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaans-Samoa" title="Amerikaans-Samoa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaans-Samoa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86" title="अमेरिकी सामोआ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अमेरिकी सामोआ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E9%A0%98%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A2" title="アメリカ領サモア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ領サモア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Америкин Самоа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Америкин Самоа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikoonsk_Samoa" title="Amerikoonsk Samoa – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Amerikoonsk Samoa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merikan_Samoa" title="Merikan Samoa – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Merikan Samoa" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_Samoa" title="Amerikansk Samoa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikansk Samoa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_Samoa" title="Amerikansk Samoa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amerikansk Samoa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%86" title="ଆମେରିକୀୟ ସମୋଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆମେରିକୀୟ ସମୋଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Samoasi" title="Amerika Samoasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amerika Samoasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%86" title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਸਮੋਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਸਮੋਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7" title="امریکی ساموا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکی ساموا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7" title="امريکايي ساموا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امريکايي ساموا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_anm%C3%A9ricaines" title="Samoa anméricaines – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Samoa anméricaines" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Ameryka%C5%84skie" title="Samoa Amerykańskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samoa Amerykańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samoa Americana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Samoas%C4%B1" title="Amerika Samoası – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Amerika Samoası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_American%C4%83" title="Samoa Americană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Samoa Americană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika_Samwa" title="Amirika Samwa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amirika Samwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Америцька Самоа – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Америцька Самоа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Американское Самоа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американское Самоа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_S%C4%81moa" title="Amerika Sāmoa – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Amerika Sāmoa" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americanas" title="Samoa Americanas – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Samoa Americanas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Amerikane" title="Samoa Amerikane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Samoa Amerikane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Miricana" title="Samoa Miricana – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Samoa Miricana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="American Samoa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_Samoa" title="Americká Samoa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Americká Samoa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C5%A1ka_Samoa" title="Ameriška Samoa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ameriška Samoa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ساموای ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساموای ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Америчка Самоа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Америчка Самоа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_Samoa" title="Američka Samoa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Američka Samoa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Am%C3%A9rika" title="Samoa Amérika – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Samoa Amérika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Samoa" title="Amerikan Samoa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amerikan Samoa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanska_Samoa" title="Amerikanska Samoa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikanska Samoa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoang_Amerikano" title="Samoang Amerikano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Samoang Amerikano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE" title="அமெரிக்க சமோவா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்க சமோவா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Америка Самоасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Америка Самоасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="သႃႇမူဝ်းဝႃႇ ၶွင်ဢမေႇရိၵၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သႃႇမူဝ်းဝႃႇ ၶွင်ဢမေႇရိၵၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="อเมริกันซามัว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อเมริกันซามัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Самоаи Амрико – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Самоаи Амрико" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CA%BBamoa-%CA%BBAmelika" title="Haʻamoa-ʻAmelika – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Haʻamoa-ʻAmelika" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BA%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A7_%E1%8F%8C%E1%8E%BC%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎠᎺᎵᎧ ᏌᎼᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎺᎵᎧ ᏌᎼᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Samoas%C4%B1" title="Amerikan Samoası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan Samoası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Американське Самоа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американське Самоа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="امریکی سمووا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امریکی سمووا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D8%BA%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%A7" title="ئامېرىكىغا قاراشلىق ساموئا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئامېرىكىغا قاراشلىق ساموئا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_thu%E1%BB%99c_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Samoa thuộc Mỹ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Samoa thuộc Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameeriga_Samoa" title="Ameeriga Samoa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ameeriga Samoa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="American Samoa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B1%9E%E8%90%A8%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="美属萨摩亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美属萨摩亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%90" title="אמעריקאנישער סאמאא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמעריקאנישער סאמאא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0m%C3%B3%C3%A0_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Sàmóà Amẹ́ríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sàmóà Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B1%AC%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="美屬薩摩亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美屬薩摩亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=American_Samoa&params=14.3_S_170.7_W_region:AS_type:isle">14°18′S 170°42′W / 14.3°S 170.7°W / -14.3; -170.7</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_American_Samoa&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of American Samoa">Geography of American Samoa</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. territory in the South Pacific Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the territory of the United States. For the geographical region, see <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a>. For the nation of Samoa, see <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unincorporated and unorganized U.S. territory in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">American Samoa</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname">Amerika Sāmoa (<a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated and unorganized U.S. territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of American Samoa"><img alt="Flag of American Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/130px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/195px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/260px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_American_Samoa" title="Flag of American Samoa">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of American Samoa"><img alt="Official seal of American Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg/90px-Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg/135px-Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg/180px-Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="376" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_American_Samoa" title="Seal of American Samoa">Seal</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto:</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname">"Sāmoa, Muamua Le <a href="/wiki/Atua" title="Atua">Atua</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>) (English: "Samoa, Let God Be First")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Amerika_Samoa" title="Amerika Samoa">Amerika Sāmoa</a>" <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="107" data-mwtitle="Anthem_of_American_Samoa.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Anthem_of_American_Samoa.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Anthem_of_American_Samoa.ogg/Anthem_of_American_Samoa.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Samoa_on_the_globe_(Polynesia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of American Samoa (circled in red)"><img alt="Location of American Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/American_Samoa_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/290px-American_Samoa_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/American_Samoa_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/435px-American_Samoa_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/American_Samoa_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/580px-American_Samoa_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="861" /></a><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of American Samoa (circled in red)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Convention" title="Tripartite Convention">Partition of Samoa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 2, 1899</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Act_of_1929" title="Ratification Act of 1929">Ratification Act</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 20, 1929</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_American_Samoa" title="Constitution of American Samoa">Current constitution</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1967</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a><a href="#cite_note-capital-3">[b]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a><a href="#cite_note-capital-3">[b]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest village</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Tafuna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>83.2% <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan</a></li> <li>5.8% Asian</li> <li>5.5% other <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a></li> <li>4.4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">mixed</a></li> <li>1.1% other</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>98.3% <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a></li> <li>1.7% other</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_American_Samoa" title="Demographics of American Samoa">American Samoan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_American_Samoa" title="Politics of American Samoa">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitutional</a> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependency</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_American_Samoa" title="List of governors of American Samoa">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga" title="Lemanu Peleti Mauga">Lemanu Peleti Mauga</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_American_Samoa" title="Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa">Lieutenant Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salo_Ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Salo Ale">Salo Ale</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">D</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">Fono</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_House_of_Representatives" title="American Samoa House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="American Samoa's at-large congressional district">House delegate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amata_Coleman_Radewagen" title="Amata Coleman Radewagen">Amata Coleman Radewagen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_American_Samoa" title="Republican Party of American Samoa">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of American Samoa">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">77 sq mi (200 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">966.2 m (3,170 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_American_Samoa" title="Demographics of American Samoa">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">44,620<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">211th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">49,710<a href="#cite_note-census-counties-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">670.8/sq mi (259.0/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2021 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$709 million<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$15,743<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> (US$) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9211:00" title="UTC−11:00">UTC−11:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samoa_Time_Zone" title="Samoa Time Zone">SST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">mm/dd/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in American Samoa">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">+1</a>-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_684" title="Area code 684">684</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/USPS_abbreviation" class="mw-redirect" title="USPS abbreviation">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">AS</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AS" title="ISO 3166-2:AS">AS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-AS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.as" title=".as">.as</a></td></tr></tbody></table>American Samoa<a href="#cite_note-8">[c]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unincorporated territory of the United States</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Pacific Ocean</a>. Centered on <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=American_Samoa&params=14.3_S_170.7_W_region:AS_type:isle">14°18′S 170°42′W / 14.3°S 170.7°W / -14.3; -170.7</a>, it is 40 miles (64 km) southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, east of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> Islands, west of the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, and some 310 miles (500 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>. American Samoa is the southernmost territory of the United States, situated 2,200 miles (3,500 km) southwest of the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, and one of two U.S. territories south of the Equator, along with the uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a>. American Samoa consists of the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan archipelago</a>—the inhabited <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Olosega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB" title="Taʻū">Taʻū</a> and the uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a>—as well as <a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a>, a remote coral <a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atoll</a> in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Tokelau" title="List of islands of Tokelau">Tokelau volcanic island group</a>. The total land area is 77 square miles (199 km2), slightly larger than <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; including its <a href="/wiki/Maritime_territory" title="Maritime territory">territorial waters</a>, the total area is 117,500 square miles (304,000 km2), about the size of New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-:02-9">[6]</a> American Samoa has a tropical climate, with 90 percent of its land covered by rainforests. As of 2024, the population is approximately 47,400 and concentrated on Tutuila, which hosts the capital and largest settlement, <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago,_American_Samoa" title="Pago Pago, American Samoa">Pago Pago</a>. The vast majority of residents are indigenous ethnic <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoans</a>, most of whom are fluent in the official languages, <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-census-social2-10">[7]</a> Inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesians</a> since prehistory, American Samoa was first contacted by Europeans in the 18th century. The islands attracted missionaries, explorers, and mariners, particularly to the highly protected natural harbor of Pago Pago. The United States took possession of American Samoa in the late 19th century, developing it into a major naval outpost; the territory's strategic value was reinforced by the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and subsequent Cold War. In 1967, American Samoa became self-governing with the adoption of a constitution; its local government is <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republican</a> in form, with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It remains officially <a href="/wiki/Unorganized_territory_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Unorganized territory of the United States">unorganized</a> and is thus directly administered by the federal government. American Samoa is listed among seventeen "<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">non-self-governing territories</a>" but is a member of several intergovernmental organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a> (PIF), <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Small_Island_States" title="Alliance of Small Island States">Alliance of Small Island States</a> (AOSIS), and <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC).<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a> Due to its strategic location, the U.S. military has a significant presence in American Samoa and plays a major role in its economy and society. The territory is noted for having the highest rate of military enlistment of any U.S. state or territory; as of 2021, the local <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> recruiting station in <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a> ranked first in recruitment.<a href="#cite_note-:02-9">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> Tuna products are the main exports, with the U.S. proper serving as the largest trading partner. Tourism is a nascent but underdeveloped sector, owing in part to the territory's relative geographic isolation, which also accounts for its high rate of poverty and emigration. Residents of American Samoa are <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement">politically disenfranchised</a>, with no voting representation in the U.S. Congress. American Samoa is the only permanently inhabited territory of the United States in which <a href="/wiki/U.S._citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. citizenship">citizenship</a> is not granted at birth, and people born there are considered "<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">non-citizen nationals</a>" with limited rights. Citizenship is a controversial topic locally, as the government of American Samoa fears that it would lead to the erosion of traditional customs. It is the only U.S. territory with its own immigration system. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoa_islands_2002.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Samoa_islands_2002.gif/400px-Samoa_islands_2002.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Samoa_islands_2002.gif/600px-Samoa_islands_2002.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Samoa_islands_2002.gif 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Samoa Islands</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Samoa" title="History of Samoa">History of Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_American_Samoa" title="History of American Samoa">History of American Samoa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manuʻa">Tui Manuʻa</a></div> Traditional <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">oral literature</a> of Samoa and Manuʻa talks of a widespread <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> network or <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederacy</a> (or "empire") that was prehistorically ruled by the successive Tui Manuʻa dynasties. Manuan genealogies and religious oral literature also suggest that the Tui Manuʻa had long been one of the most prestigious and powerful <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramounts</a> of Samoa. Oral history suggests that the Tui Manuʻa kings governed a confederacy of far-flung islands which included Tutuila,<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> as well as smaller western Pacific <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_outliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian outliers">Polynesian outliers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Uvea_(Wallis_and_Futuna)" title="Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)">Uvea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futuna_Island,_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna">Futuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> and bigger islands like the Samoa in the North. Commerce and exchange routes between the western Polynesian societies are well documented and it is speculated that the Tui Manuʻa dynasty grew through its success in obtaining control and manufacturing goods such as finely woven ceremonial mats "('Ie Konga)" for the Tu'i Tonga, whale <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> "<a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a>" for their Fijian masters, <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> tools, chiefly red feathers, and seashells reserved for royalty (such as polished <a href="/wiki/Nautilus" title="Nautilus">nautilus</a> and the egg <a href="/wiki/Cowry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowry">cowry</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century:_First_Western_contacts">18th century: First Western contacts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 18th century: First Western contacts">edit</a>]</div> Contact with Europeans began in the early 18th century. Dutchman <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Roggeveen" title="Jacob Roggeveen">Jacob Roggeveen</a> was the first known European to sight the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a> in 1722, calling them the "Baumann Islands" after one of his captains. The next explorer to visit the islands was <a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_de_Bougainville" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Antoine de Bougainville">Louis-Antoine de Bougainville</a>, who named them the "Îles des Navigateurs" in 1768. British explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> recorded the island names in 1773, but never visited.<a href="#cite_note-Keating-15">[12]</a> The 1789 visit by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse">Lapérouse</a> was ended by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse#South_Pacific" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse">an attack</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a> island where Lapérouse's men were trying to obtain water. His second in command <a href="/wiki/Paul_Antoine_Fleuriot_de_Langle" title="Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle">Capt. de Langle</a> and several of his crew were killed. La Pérouse named the island "Massacre Island", and the bay near <a href="/wiki/Aasu,_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Aasu, American Samoa">Aasu</a> is still called "Massacre Bay".<a href="#cite_note-Keating-15">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pandora_(1779)" title="HMS Pandora (1779)">HMS Pandora</a>, under the command of Admiral Edward Edwards (Royal Navy officer), visited the island in 1791 during its search for the <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty" title="Mutiny on the Bounty">H.M.S. Bounty mutineers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Von Kotzebue</a> visited in 1824.<a href="#cite_note-Keating-15">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German,_British,_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour,_Samoa_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/German%2C_British%2C_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour%2C_Samoa_1899.jpg/220px-German%2C_British%2C_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour%2C_Samoa_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/German%2C_British%2C_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour%2C_Samoa_1899.jpg/330px-German%2C_British%2C_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour%2C_Samoa_1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/German%2C_British%2C_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour%2C_Samoa_1899.jpg/440px-German%2C_British%2C_American_warships_in_Apia_harbour%2C_Samoa_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption>German, British and American warships in Apia Harbor, Samoa, 1899</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Samoan_crisis" title="Samoan crisis">Samoan crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Civil_War" title="Samoan Civil War">Samoan Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Samoan_Civil_War" title="Second Samoan Civil War">Second Samoan Civil War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Convention" title="Tripartite Convention">Tripartite Convention</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission work</a> in the Samoas had begun in late 1830 when <a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(missionary)" title="John Williams (missionary)">John Williams</a> of the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> arrived from the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> By the late nineteenth century, French, British, German, and American vessels routinely stopped at Samoa, as they valued <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago Harbor</a> as a refueling station for coal-fired shipping and whaling. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a> visited the islands in 1839.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg/220px-Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg/330px-Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg/440px-Samoa_Cram_Map_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>1896 map of the Samoa Islands</figcaption></figure> In March 1889, an <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial German</a> naval force entered a village in Samoa, and in doing so destroyed some American property. Three American warships then entered the <a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a> harbor and prepared to engage the three German warships found there. Before any shots were fired, <a href="/wiki/1889_Apia_cyclone" title="1889 Apia cyclone">a typhoon</a> wrecked both the American and German ships. A compulsory <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> was then called because of the lack of any warships.<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Elisala.jpg/170px-Elisala.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Elisala.jpg/255px-Elisala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Elisala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Tuimanuʻa Elisala Alalamua, the last official titleholder of <a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manuʻa">Tui Manuʻa</a> (1899–1909)</figcaption></figure> At the turn of the 20th century, international rivalries in the latter half of the century were settled by the 1899 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Convention_(1899)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Convention (1899)">Tripartite Convention</a> in which Germany and the United States partitioned the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a> into two:<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> the eastern island group became a territory of the United States (Tutuila in 1900 and officially Manuʻa in 1904)<a href="#cite_note-DoI-20">[17]</a> and is today known as American Samoa; the western islands, by far the greater landmass, became known as <a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">German Samoa</a>, after Britain gave up all claims to Samoa and in return accepted the termination of German rights in Tonga and certain areas in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> Forerunners to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Convention" title="Tripartite Convention">Tripartite Convention</a> of 1899 were the Washington Conference of 1887, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1889)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1889)">Treaty of Berlin of 1889</a> and the Anglo-German Agreement on Samoa of 1899. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_colonization">American colonization</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American colonization">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg/170px-Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg/255px-Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg/340px-Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley_-_NH_67313.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4133" data-file-height="5715" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Tilley" title="Benjamin Franklin Tilley">Benjamin Franklin Tilley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_American_Samoa" title="List of governors of American Samoa">first</a> Governor of American Samoa (1900–1901)</figcaption></figure> The following year, the U.S. formally <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> its portion, a smaller group of eastern islands, one of which contains the noted harbor of <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago,_American_Samoa" title="Pago Pago, American Samoa">Pago Pago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten-22">[19]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> took possession of eastern Samoa for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States government</a>, the existing <a href="/wiki/Coaling_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Coaling station">coaling station</a> at Pago Pago Bay was expanded into a full <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval station</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Station_Tutuila" title="United States Naval Station Tutuila">United States Naval Station Tutuila</a> and commanded by a commandant. The Navy secured a <a href="/wiki/Deed_of_Cession_of_Tutuila" class="mw-redirect" title="Deed of Cession of Tutuila">Deed of Cession of Tutuila</a> in 1900 and a <a href="/wiki/Deed_of_Cession_of_Manu%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deed of Cession of Manuʻa">Deed of Cession of Manuʻa</a> in 1904 on behalf of the U.S. government. The last sovereign of Manuʻa, the <a href="/wiki/Tui_Manua_Elisala" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manua Elisala">Tui Manuʻa Elisala</a>, signed a Deed of Cession of Manuʻa following a series of U.S. naval trials, known as the "Trial of the Ipu", in Pago Pago, Taʻu, and aboard a <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Squadron" title="Pacific Squadron">Pacific Squadron</a> gunboat.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> The territory became known as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Station_Tutuila" title="United States Naval Station Tutuila">U.S. Naval Station Tutuila</a>. On July 17, 1911, the U.S. Naval Station Tutuila, which was composed of Tutuila, <a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a> and Manuʻa, was officially renamed American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> People of <a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuʻa">Manuʻa</a> had been unhappy since they were left out of the name "Naval Station Tutuila". In May 1911, Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Michael_Crose" title="William Michael Crose">William Michael Crose</a> authored a letter to the Secretary of the Navy conveying the sentiments of Manuʻa. The department responded that the people should choose a name for their new territory. The traditional leaders chose "American Samoa", and, on July 7, 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_Navy" title="Solicitor General of the Navy">solicitor general of the Navy</a> authorized the governor to proclaim it as the name for the new territory.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 209  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I_and_the_1918_influenza_pandemic">World War I and the 1918 influenza pandemic</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War I and the 1918 influenza pandemic">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gov12.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gov12.JPG/170px-Gov12.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gov12.JPG/255px-Gov12.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gov12.JPG/340px-Gov12.JPG 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_Poyer" title="John Martin Poyer">Commander John Martin Poyer</a> served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_American_Samoa" title="List of governors of American Samoa">12th</a> Governor of American Samoa (1915–1919).<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1918, during the final stages of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Great Influenza epidemic</a> had taken its toll, spreading rapidly from country to country. American Samoa became one of the few places in the world (the others being <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3" title="Marajó">Marajó island</a> in Brazil) to have proactively prevented any deaths during the pandemic through the quick response from <a href="/wiki/John_Martin_Poyer" title="John Martin Poyer">Governor John Martin Poyer</a> after hearing news reports of the outbreak on the radio and requesting <a href="/wiki/Quarantine_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarantine ships">quarantine ships</a> from the U.S. mainland. The result of Poyer's quick actions earned him the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross" title="Navy Cross">Navy Cross</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a>. With this distinction, American Samoans regarded Poyer as their hero for what he had done to prevent the deadly disease. The neighboring New Zealand territory at the time, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Western Samoa</a>, suffered the most of all <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific islands</a>, with 90% of the population infected; 30% of adult men, 22% of adult women and 10% of children died.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Poyer offered assistance to help his New Zealand counterparts but was refused by the administrator of Western Samoa, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Logan_(politician)" title="Robert Logan (politician)">Robert Logan</a>, who became outraged after witnessing the number of quarantine ships surrounding American Samoa. Angered by this, Logan cut off communications with his American counterparts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interwar period">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="American_Samoa_Mau_movement">American Samoa Mau movement</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: American Samoa Mau movement">edit</a>]</div> After World War I, during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Mau_movement" title="Mau movement">Mau movement</a> in Western Samoa (then a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> mandate governed by New Zealand), there was a corresponding American Samoa Mau movement led by Samuelu Ripley, a World War I veteran who was from <a href="/wiki/Leone,_American_Samoa" title="Leone, American Samoa">Leone</a> village, Tutuila. After meetings on the United States mainland, he was prevented from disembarking from the ship that brought him home to American Samoa and was not allowed to return because the American Samoa Mau movement was suppressed by the U.S. Navy. In 1930 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> sent a committee to investigate the status of American Samoa, led by Americans who had a part in the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Annexation_of_Swains_Island">Annexation of Swains Island</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Annexation of Swains Island">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a>, which had been included in the list of guano islands <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/appertain" class="extiw" title="wikt:appertain">appertaining</a> to the United States and bonded under the <a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> in 1925 by Pub. Res. 68–75,<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> following the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands#Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_Colony_(GEIC)" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony</a> by the United Kingdom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II_and_aftermath">World War II and aftermath</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: World War II and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marines</a> stationed in Samoa outnumbered the local population and had a huge cultural influence. Young Samoan men from age 14 and above were combat-trained by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military personnel</a>. Samoans served in various capacities during World War II, including as combatants, medical personnel, code personnel, and ship repairmen. In 1949, Organic Act 4500, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of Interior</a>–sponsored attempt to incorporate American Samoa, was introduced in Congress. It was ultimately defeated, primarily through the efforts of Samoan chiefs, led by Tuiasosopo Mariota.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> The efforts of these chiefs led to the creation of a territorial legislature, the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa Fono</a>, which meets in the village of <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a>. In 1950 the Department of the Interior began to administer American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1951–1999">1951–1999</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1951–1999">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Splashdown_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Splashdown_2.png/330px-Splashdown_2.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Splashdown_2.png/495px-Splashdown_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Splashdown_2.png 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Locations of <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <a href="/wiki/Splashdown" title="Splashdown">splashdowns</a> of American spacecraft</figcaption></figure> By 1956, the U.S. Navy-appointed governor was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tali_Coleman" title="Peter Tali Coleman">Peter Tali Coleman</a>, who was locally elected. Although technically considered "unorganized" since the U.S. Congress has not passed an <a href="/wiki/Organic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic Act">Organic Act</a> for the territory, American Samoa is self-governing under a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_American_Samoa" title="Constitution of American Samoa">constitution</a> that became effective on July 1, 1967. The U.S. Territory of American Samoa is on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">United Nations list of non-self-governing territories</a>, a listing which is disputed by the territorial government officials, who do consider themselves to be self-governing. American Samoa and <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_International_Airport" title="Pago Pago International Airport">Pago Pago International Airport</a> had historic significance with the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Program">Apollo Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> crews of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a> were retrieved a few hundred miles from Pago Pago and transported by helicopter to the airport prior to being flown to Honolulu on <a href="/wiki/C-141_Starlifter" class="mw-redirect" title="C-141 Starlifter">C-141 Starlifter</a> military aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> While the two Samoas share language and ethnicity, their cultures have recently followed different paths, with American Samoans often emigrating to <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiʻi</a> and the U.S. mainland, and adopting many U.S. customs, such as the playing of <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>. <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoans</a> have tended to emigrate instead to <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, whose influence has made the sports of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> more popular in the western Samoan islands. Travel writer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a> noted that there were marked differences between the societies in <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> and American Samoa. On August 13, 1999, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> granted American Samoa "observer seat" status. Six days later, American Samoa officially recognized both <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as its official languages.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In 2001 and 2003, the United States unsuccessfully sought to have American Samoa removed from the United Nations' decolonization list, arguing that the territory should not be considered a colony.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> American Samoans have a high rate of service in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Armed Forces">U.S. Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> Because of economic hardship, military service has been seen as an opportunity in American Samoa and other <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Classification_of_current_U.S._territories" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. Overseas territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> The federal <a href="/wiki/Fair_Minimum_Wage_Act_of_2007" title="Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007">Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007</a> started gradual adjustments to the territorial minimum wage to bring it up to the level for US states.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_events">Notable events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-20th_century">Pre-20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pre-20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_of_Langle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Death_of_Langle.png/220px-Death_of_Langle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Death_of_Langle.png/330px-Death_of_Langle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Death_of_Langle.png/440px-Death_of_Langle.png 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Death of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Antoine_Fleuriot_de_Langle" title="Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle">Fleuriot de Langle</a> in 1787</figcaption></figure> On December 13, 1784, French navigator <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse">Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse</a> landed two exploration parties on Tutuila's north shore: one from the ship <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Boussole_(1782)" title="French ship Boussole (1782)">La Boussole</a> at Fagasa, and the other from <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1781)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1781)">L'Astrolabe</a> at <a href="/wiki/A%CA%BBasu,_American_Samoa" title="Aʻasu, American Samoa">Aʻasu</a>. One of the cooks, David, died of "scorbutic dropsy". On December 11, twelve members of Lapérouse's crew (including First Officer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Antoine_Fleuriot_de_Langle" title="Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle">Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle</a>) were killed by angry Samoans at Aʻasu Bay, Tutuila, thereafter known as "Massacre Bay", which Lapérouse described as "this den, more fearful from its treacherous situation and the cruelty of its inhabitants than the lair of a lion or a tiger". This incident gave Samoa a reputation for savagery that kept Europeans away until the arrival of the first Christian missionaries four decades later. On December 12, at Aʻasu Bay, Lapérouse ordered his gunners to fire one cannonball amid the attackers who had killed his men the day before and were now returning to launch another attack. He later wrote in his journal "I could have destroyed or sunk a hundred canoes, with more than 500 people in them: but I was afraid of striking the wrong victims; the call of my conscience saved their lives."<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_2">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg/220px-SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg/330px-SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg/440px-SADIE_THOMPSON_BUILDING.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1993" /></a><figcaption>English author <a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a> stayed at <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Thompson_Inn" title="Sadie Thompson Inn">Sadie Thompson Inn</a> during his six-week visit to <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a> in 1916.</figcaption></figure> On December 19, 1912, English writer <a href="/wiki/William_Somerset_Maugham" class="mw-redirect" title="William Somerset Maugham">William Somerset Maugham</a> arrived in Pago Pago, allegedly accompanied by a missionary and Miss Sadie Thompson. His visit inspired his short story "<a href="/wiki/Rain_(short_story)" title="Rain (short story)">Rain</a>" which later became plays and three major motion pictures. The building still stands where Maugham stayed and has been renamed the <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Thompson_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadie Thompson Building">Sadie Thompson Building</a>. Today, it is a prominent restaurant and inn.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> On November 2, 1921, American Samoa's 13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_American_Samoa" title="List of governors of American Samoa">naval governor</a>, Commander <a href="/wiki/Warren_Jay_Terhune" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Jay Terhune">Warren Jay Terhune</a>, died by suicide with a pistol in the bathroom of the government mansion, overlooking the entrance to Pago Pago Harbor. His body was discovered by Government House's cook, SDI[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] First Class Felisiano Debid Ahchica, USN. His ghost is rumored to walk about the grounds at night. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagatogo_Dock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fagatogo_Dock.jpg/220px-Fagatogo_Dock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fagatogo_Dock.jpg/330px-Fagatogo_Dock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fagatogo_Dock.jpg/440px-Fagatogo_Dock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>Pago Pago Harbor today and inter-island dock area</figcaption></figure> On August 17, 1924, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a> arrived in American Samoa aboard the SS Sonoma to begin fieldwork for her doctoral dissertation in anthropology at Columbia University, where she was a student of Professor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a>. Her work <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_in_Samoa" title="Coming of Age in Samoa">Coming of Age in Samoa</a> was published in 1928, at the time becoming the most widely read book in the field of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>. The book has sparked years of ongoing and intense debate and controversy. Mead returned to American Samoa in 1971 for the dedication of the <a href="/wiki/Jean_P._Haydon_Museum" title="Jean P. Haydon Museum">Jean P. Haydon Museum</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky_S42_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>The Samoan Clipper</figcaption></figure> In 1938, the noted aviator <a href="/wiki/Ed_Musick" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Musick">Ed Musick</a> and his crew died on the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American World Airways</a> S-42 <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Clipper" title="Samoan Clipper">Samoan Clipper</a> over Pago Pago, while on a survey flight to <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. Sometime after takeoff, the aircraft experienced trouble, and Musick turned it back toward Pago Pago. While the crew dumped fuel in preparation for an emergency landing, an explosion occurred that tore the aircraft apart.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> On November 24, 1939, American Samoa's last execution to date was carried out. A man named Imoa of Fagatogo was convicted of stabbing a person named Sella to death and was hanged in the <a href="/wiki/Custom_house" title="Custom house">Customs House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> The popular Samoan song "Faʻafofoga Samoa" is based on this, said to be the final words of Imoa.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On January 13, 1942, at 2:26 am, a Japanese submarine surfaced off Tutuila between Southworth Point and <a href="/wiki/Fagasa,_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagasa, American Samoa">Fagasa</a> Bay and fired about 15 shells from its 5.5-inch deck gun at the U.S. Naval Station Tutuila over the next 10 minutes. The first shell struck the rear of Frank Shimasaki's store, ironically owned by one of Tutuila's few Japanese residents. The store was closed, as Mr. Shimasaki had been interned as an enemy alien. The next shell caused slight damage to the naval dispensary, the third landed on the lawn behind the naval quarters known as "Centipede Row," and the fourth struck the stone seawall outside the customs house. The other rounds fell harmlessly into the harbor. As one writer described it, "The fire was not returned, notwithstanding the eagerness of the Samoan Marines to test their skill against the enemy ... No American or Samoan Marines were wounded."<a href="#cite_note-Enright-45">[42]</a> Commander Edwin B. Robinson was bicycling behind Centipede Row and was wounded in the knee by a piece of <a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_(fragment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrapnel (fragment)">shrapnel</a>, and "a member of the colorful native Fita Fita Guard" received minor injuries; they were the only casualties. This was the only time the Japanese attacked Tutuila during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, although "Japanese submarines had patrolled the waters around Samoa before the war, and continued to be active there throughout the war."<a href="#cite_note-Enright-45">[42]</a> On August 24, 1943, First Lady <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> visited American Samoa and inspected the Fita Fita Guard and Band and the First Samoan Battalion of U.S. Marine Corps Reserve at the U.S. Naval Station American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-2000-46">[43]</a>: 178 <a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> The fact that First Lady reviewed the troops led to further assurance that Tutuila Island was considered safe.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> Her presence underscored that World War II had passed by American Samoa. While the Fita Fita band played, Eleanor Roosevelt inspected the guard.<a href="#cite_note-Ruck-49">[46]</a> On October 18, 1966, President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson">Lyndon Baines Johnson</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a> visited American Samoa. Mrs. Johnson dedicated the "Manulele Tausala" ("Lady Bird") Elementary School in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nu%CA%BBouli,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuʻouli, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Nuʻuuli</a>, which was named after her. Johnson is the only US president to have visited American Samoa, while Mrs. Johnson was the second First Lady, preceded by Eleanor Roosevelt in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-2000-46">[43]</a>: 192  The territory's only hospital was renamed the <a href="/wiki/LBJ_Tropical_Medical_Center" title="LBJ Tropical Medical Center">LBJ Tropical Medical Center</a> in honor of President Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> In the late 1960s and early 1970s, American Samoa played a pivotal role in five of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo Program missions</a>. The astronauts landed several hundred miles from Pago and were transported to the islands en route back to the mainland. President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> gave three <a href="/wiki/Moon_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon rocks">Moon rocks</a> to the American Samoan government, which are currently on display in the Jean P. Haydon Museum along with a flag carried to the Moon on one of the missions.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> In November 1970, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> visited American Samoa in a brief but lavish greeting.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 292  On January 30, 1974, <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_806" title="Pan Am Flight 806">Pan Am Flight 806</a> from <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand, crashed at Pago Pago International Airport at 10:41 pm, with 91 passengers aboard. 86 people were killed, including Captain Leroy A. Petersen and the entire flight crew. Four of the five surviving passengers were seriously injured, with the other only slightly injured. The airliner was destroyed by the impact and succeeding fire. The crash was attributed to poor visibility, pilot error, or wind shear since a violent storm was raging at the time.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> In January 2014, filmmaker Paul Crompton visited the territory to interview local residents for a documentary film about the 1974 crash. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> celebrations on April 17, 1980, a U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/P-3_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3 Orion">P-3 Orion</a> patrol plane from <a href="/wiki/VP-50" title="VP-50">Patrol Squadron 50</a> took off with six skydivers from the U.S. Army's Hawaii-based Tropic Lightning Parachute Club. The aeroplane contacted the Solo Ridge-Mount Alava <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">aerial tramway</a> cable across Pago Pago harbor, which sheared off its vertical stabilizer. The aircraft crashed, demolishing a wing of the <a href="/wiki/Rainmaker_Hotel" title="Rainmaker Hotel">Rainmaker Hotel</a> and killing all six crew members and one civilian. The six skydivers had already left the aircraft during a demonstration jump. A memorial monument is erected on Mt. Mauga O Aliʻi to honor their memory. On November 1, 1988, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> signed a bill which created <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="American Samoa National Park">American Samoa National Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_2">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> On July 22, 2010, Detective Lieutenant Lusila Brown was fatally shot outside the temporary High Court building in Fagatogo. It was the first time in more than 15 years that a police officer was killed in the line of duty. The last was Sa Fuimaono, who drowned after saving a teenager from rough seas.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> On November 8, 2010, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> and former <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> made a refueling stopover at the <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_International_Airport" title="Pago Pago International Airport">Pago Pago International Airport</a>. She was greeted by government dignitaries and presented with gifts and a traditional kava ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> was the third sitting U.S. vice president to visit American Samoa (after <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>)<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> when he made a stopover in Pago Pago in April 2017.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> He addressed 200 soldiers here during his refueling stop.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> visited town on June 3, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="September_2009_earthquake_and_tsunami">September 2009 earthquake and tsunami</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: September 2009 earthquake and tsunami">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kermadec_Arc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Kermadec_Arc.jpg/220px-Kermadec_Arc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Kermadec_Arc.jpg/330px-Kermadec_Arc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Kermadec_Arc.jpg/440px-Kermadec_Arc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tonga_Trench" title="Tonga Trench">Tonga Trench</a> south of the Samoa Islands and north of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami">2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami</a></div> On September 28, 2009, at 17:48:11 UTC, an 8.1 <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">magnitude</a> <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> struck 120 miles (190 km) off the coast of American Samoa, followed by smaller aftershocks.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> It was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_21st-century_earthquakes#2009" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 21st-century earthquakes">largest</a> earthquake of 2009. The quake occurred on the <a href="/wiki/Outer_trench_swell" title="Outer trench swell">outer rise</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec-Tonga_Subduction_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kermadec-Tonga Subduction Zone">Kermadec-Tonga Subduction Zone</a>. This is part of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Ring of Fire">Pacific Ring of Fire</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plates</a> in the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a> meet, and earthquakes and volcanic activity are common. The quake struck 11.2 miles (18.0 km) below the ocean floor and generated an onsetting <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> that killed more than 170 people in the Samoa Islands and <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> Four waves with heights from 15 feet (4.6 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) high were reported to have reached up to one mile (1.6 km) inland on the island of Tutuila.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency</a> worked with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> to provide 16 ft × 16 ft (4.9 m × 4.9 m) humanitarian tents to the devastated areas of American Samoa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_American_Samoa" title="Government of American Samoa">Government of American Samoa</a></div> American Samoa is classified in U.S. law as an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territories of the United States">unincorporated territory</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Ratification_Act_of_1929" title="Ratification Act of 1929">Ratification Act of 1929</a> vested all civil, judicial, and military powers in the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten-22">[19]</a> In 1951, with <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_10264" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 10264">10264</a>, President Harry Truman delegated that authority to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a>. On June 21, 1963 <a href="/wiki/Tuli_Le%CA%BBiato" title="Tuli Leʻiato">Paramount Chief Tuli Leʻiato of Fagaʻitua</a> was sworn in and installed as the first Secretary of Samoan Affairs by Governor <a href="/wiki/H._Rex_Lee" title="H. Rex Lee">H. Rex Lee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> On June 2, 1967, Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Stewart Udall</a> promulgated the Revised Constitution of American Samoa, which took effect on July 1, 1967.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-65">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg/220px-Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg/330px-Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg/440px-Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lemanu_Peleti_Mauga" title="Lemanu Peleti Mauga">Lemanu Peleti Mauga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_American_Samoa" title="List of governors of American Samoa">58th</a> and incumbent Governor of American Samoa (2021–present)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of American Samoa">Governor of American Samoa</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and along with the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_American_Samoa" title="Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa">Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa</a> is elected on the same <a href="/wiki/Ticket_(election)" title="Ticket (election)">ticket</a> by <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a> for a four-year term.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> The governor's office is located in <a href="/wiki/Utulei,_American_Samoa" title="Utulei, American Samoa">Utulei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-executive-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-npsmap-68">[65]</a> Since American Samoa is a U.S. territory, the President of the United States serves as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> but does not play a direct role in government. The Secretary of the Interior oversees the government, retaining the power to approve constitutional amendments, overrides the governor's <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">vetoes</a>, and nomination of justices.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-65">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a> is vested in the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa Fono</a>, which has <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">two chambers</a>. The <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_House_of_Representatives" title="American Samoa House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> has 21 members serving two-year terms, being 20 representatives popularly elected from various districts and one non-voting delegate from <a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a> elected in a public meeting. The <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">Senate</a> has 18 members, elected for four-year terms by and from the <a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBamatai" title="Faʻamatai">chiefs of the islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-65">[62]</a> The Fono is located in <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-noaa-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-npsmap-68">[65]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_American_Samoa" title="Judiciary of American Samoa">judiciary of American Samoa</a> is composed of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">High Court of American Samoa</a>, a District Court, and village courts.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> The High Court and District Court are located in Fagatogo, near the Fono.<a href="#cite_note-highcourt-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-districtcourt-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa-69">[66]</a> The High Court is led by a Chief Justice and an Associate Justice, appointed by the Secretary of the Interior.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> Other judges are appointed by the governor upon the recommendation of the Chief Justice and confirmed by the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_American_Samoa" title="Politics of American Samoa">Politics of American Samoa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_American_Samoa" title="Elections in American Samoa">Elections in American Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_American_Samoa" title="Political party strength in American Samoa">Political party strength in American Samoa</a></div> American Samoa is an unincorporated and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unorganized territory</a> of the United States, administered by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of Insular Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>. American Samoa's constitution was ratified in 1966 and came into effect in 1967. However, despite being <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> unorganized as no Organic Act for it has been adopted by the U.S. Congress, instead leaving power vested in the U.S. president, American Samoa is <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> organized, with its politics taking place in the framework of a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependency</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Samoa_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Samoa Governors">Governor</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, and of a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pluriform" class="extiw" title="wikt:pluriform">pluriform</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the governor. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in the two chambers of the legislature. The <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">American political parties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>) exist in American Samoa, but few politicians are aligned with the parties. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is independent of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>. There is also the traditional village politics of the Samoa Islands, the "<a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBamatai" title="Faʻamatai">faʻamatai</a>" and the "<a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_S%C4%81moa" title="Faʻa Sāmoa">faʻa Sāmoa</a>", which continues in American Samoa and independent Samoa, and which interacts across these current boundaries. The faʻa Sāmoa is the language and customs, and the faʻamatai are the protocols of the "fono" (council) and the chief system. The faʻamatai and the fono take place at all levels of the Samoan body politic, from the family to the village, to the region, to national matters. The <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAiga" title="ʻAiga">ʻaiga</a> is the family unit of Samoan society, which differs from the Western sense of a family<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> in that it consists of an "extended family" based on the culture's communal <a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">socio-political</a> organization. The head of the ʻaiga is the matai. The matai (chiefs) are elected by consensus within the fono of the extended family and village(s) concerned. The matai and the fono, which are themselves made of matai, decide on the distribution of family exchanges and tenancy of communal lands. The majority of lands in American Samoa and independent Samoa are <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_commune" title="Agricultural commune">communal</a>. A matai can represent a small family group or a great extended family that reaches across islands and to both American Samoa and independent Samoa. In 2010, voters rejected a <a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_constitutional_referendum,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="American Samoan constitutional referendum, 2010">package of amendments</a> to the territorial constitution, which would have, among other things, allowed U.S. citizens to be legislators only if they had Samoan ancestry. In 2012, both the Governor and American Samoa's delegate to the U.S. Congress <a href="/wiki/Eni_Faleomavaega" title="Eni Faleomavaega">Eni Faleomavaega</a> called for the populace to consider a move toward autonomy if not independence, with a mixed response.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nationality">Nationality</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Nationality">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tuaua_v._United_States" title="Tuaua v. United States">Tuaua v. United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Samoa_US_national_not_US_citizen_passport_message.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/American_Samoa_US_national_not_US_citizen_passport_message.jpg/220px-American_Samoa_US_national_not_US_citizen_passport_message.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/American_Samoa_US_national_not_US_citizen_passport_message.jpg/330px-American_Samoa_US_national_not_US_citizen_passport_message.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/American_Samoa_US_national_not_US_citizen_passport_message.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>Message in the passport of an American Samoan stating that the passport holder is a national, not citizen, of the U.S</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act" title="Immigration and Nationality Act">Immigration and Nationality Act</a> (INA), the people born in American Samoa—including those born on <a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a>—are "<a href="/wiki/National_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National of the United States">nationals</a> but not <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">citizens of the United States</a> at birth".<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> If a child is born on any of these islands to any U.S. citizen, then that child is considered a national and a citizen of the United States at birth.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> All U.S. nationals have statutory rights to reside in all parts of the United States, and may apply for citizenship by <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalization</a> after three months of residency by paying a fee, passing a test in English and civics, and taking an oath of allegiance to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> All U.S. nationals also have the right to work in the United States, except in certain government jobs that specifically require U.S. citizenship. The question of whether American Samoans should be granted citizenship is controversial in American Samoa, and the government of American Samoa is currently opposed to it.<a href="#cite_note-rnz-2022-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-van-dyke-2019-85">[82]</a> Those against citizenship worry that it would lead to federal judges overturning American Samoa's unique political system and land ownership customs, in which one must be at least 50% of Samoan ancestry to acquire land and land ownership is controlled by local families and matai.<a href="#cite_note-van-dyke-2019-85">[82]</a> Those in favor of citizenship claim the law discriminates against them unfairly, restricting their voting rights and their ability to serve in many public sector professions.<a href="#cite_note-rnz-2022-84">[81]</a> In 2012, a group of American Samoans sued the federal government seeking recognition of birthright citizenship for American Samoans in the case <a href="/wiki/Tuaua_v._United_States" title="Tuaua v. United States">Tuaua v. United States</a>. In an <a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amicus curiae</a> brief filed in federal court, American Samoan Congressman Faleomavaega supported the legal interpretation that the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Clause" title="Citizenship Clause">Citizenship Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a> does not extend <a href="/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States" title="Birthright citizenship in the United States">birthright citizenship</a> to United States nationals born in unincorporated territories.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> In June 2015, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia">U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia</a> affirmed that Fourteenth Amendment citizenship guarantees did not apply to persons born in unincorporated territories and a year later the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the lower court's decision.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> In December 2019, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Clark_Waddoups" title="Clark Waddoups">Clark Waddoups</a> struck down <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1408#1">§ 1408(1)</a> as facially unconstitutional, holding that "Persons born in American Samoa are citizens of the United States by the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment",<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> but the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit</a> reversed the district court's judgment and found the statute constitutional.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> On July 20, 2021, the Legislature of American Samoa unanimously passed a resolution in support of the 10th Circuit Court's decision to reverse.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Voting_rights">Voting rights</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Voting rights">edit</a>]</div> As U.S. nationals, American Samoans can vote in local elections in the territory; however, if they live in other parts of the United States, they are <a href="/wiki/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of foreigners to vote in the United States">not allowed to vote</a> in federal, state or the vast majority of local elections unless they become U.S. citizens. The only federal office American Samoans elect directly is a <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">non-voting delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="American Samoa's at-large congressional district">delegate's office</a> was created in 1978, three people have held the seat: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Fof%C5%8D_Iosefa_Fiti_Sunia" title="Fofō Iosefa Fiti Sunia">Fofō Iosefa Fiti Sunia</a> (1981–1988); Democrat <a href="/wiki/Eni_Faleomavaega" title="Eni Faleomavaega">Eni Faleomavaega</a> (1989–2015); and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Aumua_Amata_Radewagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Aumua Amata Radewagen">Aumua Amata Radewagen</a> (2015–)<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> American Samoans also participate in partisan <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">presidential primaries</a>, as well as send delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican</a> National Conventions.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration">Immigration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a>]</div> Unique among U.S. territories, American Samoa has its own immigration law, separate from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_immigration_laws" title="List of United States immigration laws">laws that apply</a> in other parts of the United States. U.S. nationals may freely reside in American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-97">[d]</a> The American Samoan government, via its Immigration Office, controls the migration of foreign nationals to the islands.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> Special application forms exist for migration to American Samoa based on family or employment sponsorship.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> Unlike all other permanently inhabited U.S. jurisdictions (<a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>), American Samoa is not considered a U.S. state for the purposes of the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> As a result, there is no path for immigrants to American Samoa to apply for U.S. citizenship, or U.S. nationality at all, without permanent residence in another U.S. jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> In addition, foreign nationals who do have <a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">lawful permanent residence in the United States</a> may be considered to have abandoned it if they have moved to live in American Samoa, and time spent there does not count in the required period of U.S. presence for naturalization.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> U.S. nationals without U.S. citizenship (the status of most American Samoans) have the right to reside in all parts of the United States without immigration restrictions. They also have the same rights as lawful permanent residents to sponsor foreign family members to immigrate to the United States (they may sponsor spouses and unmarried children), but not the same rights as U.S. citizens (who may also sponsor parents, married children, and siblings).<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Land_ownership">Land ownership</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Land ownership">edit</a>]</div> Under American Samoan law, land ownership is subject to racial restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> Since 1900, there have been three main categories of land ownership: native, individual, and freehold. Native land, which makes up over 90% of all land in the territory, is land under the communal ownership of an <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAiga" title="ʻAiga">ʻaiga</a>, as opposed to the private ownership of an individual. Freehold land, which makes up only about 2% of the total, is land which was granted to foreigners before the U.S. took possession of the territory in 1900 and whose owners have not chosen to revert to native or individual land status.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> The American Samoa Code (Annotated) prohibits the transfer of ownership (whether by sale or otherwise) of any land other than freehold land to any person who has less than one-half native Samoan blood, which in this context includes both American and Western Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> In addition, it is prohibited to transfer ownership of any native (communal) land to any person who is not a full-blooded native Samoan: this includes any person who has any non-native blood whatsoever, even if they are more than one-half native Samoan.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Radiolab-110">[106]</a> In Craddick v. Territorial Registrar, 1 Am. Samoa 2d. 10, 14 (1980), the Appellate Division of the High Court of American Samoa held that while these laws created a classification based on race, they did not violate the guarantees of equal protection and due process contained in the U.S. Constitution and the Revised American Samoan Constitution. Given the cruciality of land ownership and the communal ownership structure to American Samoan culture, and the American Samoan government's vital and demonstrated interest in preserving Samoan land and culture, the Court found that the laws in question pursued a proper purpose rather than a discriminatory one, and, being necessary to achieve that purpose, were sufficiently justified and thus constitutional.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_protest_to_naming_of_neighboring_Samoa">Official protest to naming of neighboring Samoa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Official protest to naming of neighboring Samoa">edit</a>]</div> The U.S. Embassy in Samoa notes that: "In July 1997 the Constitution was amended to change the country's name from Western Samoa to Samoa. Samoa had been known simply as Samoa in the United Nations since joining the organization in 1976. The neighboring U.S. territory of American Samoa protested the move, feeling that the change diminished its own Samoan identity. American Samoans still use the terms Western Samoa and Western Samoans."<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 700px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Counties_of_American_Samoa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Counties_of_American_Samoa.png/700px-Counties_of_American_Samoa.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Counties_of_American_Samoa.png/1050px-Counties_of_American_Samoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Counties_of_American_Samoa.png/1400px-Counties_of_American_Samoa.png 2x" data-file-width="1981" data-file-height="803" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; left:47.9px; top:20px"><a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:586.2px; top:244.7px"><a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:295px; top:159.3px"><a href="/wiki/Sa%CA%BBole_County" title="Saʻole County">Saʻole</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:400px; top:30.5px"><a href="/wiki/Ofu_County" title="Ofu County">Ofu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:474.2px; top:26.3px"><a href="/wiki/Olosega_County" title="Olosega County">Olosega</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:595.3px; top:115.2px"><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB_County" title="Taʻū County">Taʻū</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:561px; top:68.3px"><a href="/wiki/Fale%C4%81sao_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Faleāsao County">Faleasao</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:633.1px; top:90px"><a href="/wiki/Fiti%CA%BButa_County" title="Fitiʻuta County">Fitiuta</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:241.1px; top:99.1px"><a href="/wiki/Vaifanua_County" title="Vaifanua County">Vaifanua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:241.1px; top:136.9px"><a href="/wiki/Su%CA%BBa_County" title="Suʻa County">Sua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:225.7px; top:103.3px">╱</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:291.5px; top:107.5px">╲</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:113.7px; top:122.9px"><a href="/wiki/Ma%CA%BBop%C5%ABtasi_County" title="Maʻopūtasi County">Maʻoputasi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:154.3px; top:178.2px"><a href="/wiki/It%C5%AB%CA%BBau_County" title="Itūʻau County">Ituʻau</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:117.2px; top:209px"><a href="/wiki/Tu%C4%81l%C4%81uta_County" title="Tuālāuta County">Tualauta</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:85px; top:178.9px"><a href="/wiki/Leasina_County" title="Leasina County">Leasina</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:31.8px; top:197.1px"><a href="/wiki/Lealataua_County" title="Lealataua County">Lealataua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:57.7px; top:222.3px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fofo_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fofo County (page does not exist)">Fofo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:66.1px; top:254.5px"><a href="/wiki/Tualatai_County" title="Tualatai County">Tualatai</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:29px; top:147.4px"><a href="/wiki/Western_District,_American_Samoa" title="Western District, American Samoa">Western District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:199.8px; top:188px"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_American_Samoa" title="Eastern District, American Samoa">Eastern District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:469.3px; top:92.1px"><a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuʻa District">Manuʻa District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:331.4px; top:268.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:175.3px; top:227.9px"><a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:318.8px; top:171.9px"><a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:399.3px; top:62px"><a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu-Olosega</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:631px; top:143.2px"><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB" title="Taʻū">Taʻū</a></div> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Islands, atolls, districts and counties of American Samoa<a href="#cite_note-117">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_American_Samoa" title="Administrative divisions of American Samoa">Administrative divisions of American Samoa</a></div> American Samoa is administratively divided into three <a href="/wiki/District" title="District">districts</a> – <a href="/wiki/Western_District,_American_Samoa" title="Western District, American Samoa">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_American_Samoa" title="Eastern District, American Samoa">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuʻa District">Manuʻa</a> – and two "unorganized" atolls, <a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a> and the uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a>. The districts are subdivided into counties and villages. <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>, often cited as the capital of American Samoa,<a href="#cite_note-capital-3">[b]</a> is one of the largest villages and is located on the central part of Tutuila island in <a href="/wiki/Ma%CA%BBop%C5%ABtasi_County" title="Maʻopūtasi County">Maʻoputasi County</a>. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aq-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aq-map.png/250px-Aq-map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Aq-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Map of American Samoa</figcaption></figure> American Samoa, located within the geographical region of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, is one of only two possessions of the United States in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>, the other being <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a>. Its total land area is 76.1 square miles (197.1 km2)—slightly larger than <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>—consisting of five rugged, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> and two coral <a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atolls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DOI-120">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pola_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pola_island.jpg/220px-Pola_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pola_island.jpg/330px-Pola_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pola_island.jpg/440px-Pola_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Cockscomb Point on <a href="/wiki/Pola_Island" title="Pola Island">Pola Island</a> is seen jutting into the ocean.</figcaption></figure> The five volcanic islands are <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Olosega</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB" title="Taʻū">Taʻū</a>. The coral atolls are <a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a>. Of the seven islands, Rose Atoll is the only <a href="/wiki/Desert_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert island">uninhabited</a> one; it is a <a href="/wiki/National_Monument_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Monument (United States)">Marine National Monument</a>. American Samoa is the southernmost reach of the United States at fourteen degrees below the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg/220px-Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg/330px-Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg/440px-Ofu_Beach_American_Samoa_US_National_Park_Service.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A view of American Samoa's Ofu Beach on <a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_Islands" title="Manuʻa Islands">Manuʻa Islands</a></figcaption></figure> Due to its positioning in the South <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, it is frequently hit by <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical cyclones">tropical cyclones</a> between November and April. Rose Atoll is the easternmost point of the territory. American Samoa's <a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the United States">southernmost point of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a> American Samoa is home to the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_of_American_Samoa" title="National Park of American Samoa">National Park of American Samoa</a>. The highest mountains are: <a href="/wiki/Lata_Mountain" title="Lata Mountain">Lata Mountain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB" title="Taʻū">Taʻū</a>), 3,170 ft (970 m); <a href="/wiki/Matafao_Peak" title="Matafao Peak">Matafao Peak</a>, 2,141 ft (653 m); Piumafua (<a href="/wiki/Olosega" class="mw-redirect" title="Olosega">Olosega</a>), 2,095 ft (639 m); and Tumutumu (<a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu</a>), 1,621 ft (494 m). <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pioa">Mount Pioa</a>, nicknamed the Rainmaker, is 1,718 ft (524 m).<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 3  American Samoa is also home to some of the world's highest sea cliffs at 3,000 ft (910 m).<a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg/220px-Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg/330px-Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg/440px-Vatia_from_the_National_Park_of_American_Samoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Coastline of American Samoa (in <a href="/wiki/Vatia,_American_Samoa" title="Vatia, American Samoa">Vatia</a>)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Vailulu%CA%BBu" title="Vailuluʻu">Vailuluʻu</a> seamount, an <a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">active submerged volcano</a>, lies 28 miles (45 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB" title="Taʻū">Taʻū</a> in American Samoa. It was discovered in 1975 and has since been studied by an international team of scientists, contributing towards understanding of the Earth's fundamental processes.<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a> Growing inside the <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">summit crater</a> of Vailuluʻu is an active underwater <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">volcanic cone</a>, named after Samoa's goddess of war, <a href="/wiki/Nafanua" title="Nafanua">Nafanua</a>. In American Samoa <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">forest cover</a> is around 86% of the total land area, equivalent to 17,130 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 18,070 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 17,130 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 0 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 1% was reported to be <a href="/wiki/Primary_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary forest">primary forest</a> (consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 15% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 0% of the forest area was reported to be under <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">public ownership</a>, 100% <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private ownership</a> and 0% with ownership listed as other or unknown.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a> American Samoa lies within two terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Samoan_tropical_moist_forests" title="Samoan tropical moist forests">Samoan tropical moist forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Polynesian_tropical_moist_forests" title="Western Polynesian tropical moist forests">Western Polynesian tropical moist forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monthly_Climate_Normals_(1991-2020)_-_Pago_Pago_Area,_AS(ThreadEx).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Pago_Pago_Area%2C_AS%28ThreadEx%29.svg/220px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Pago_Pago_Area%2C_AS%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Pago_Pago_Area%2C_AS%28ThreadEx%29.svg/330px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Pago_Pago_Area%2C_AS%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Pago_Pago_Area%2C_AS%28ThreadEx%29.svg/440px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Pago_Pago_Area%2C_AS%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Climate chart for Pago Pago</figcaption></figure> American Samoa has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a> all year round with two distinct <a href="/wiki/Season#Tropics" title="Season">seasons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a>. The wet season is usually between December and March and the dry season is from April through to September with the average daily temperature around 81–83 °F (27–28 °C) all year round. The climate is warm, tropical, and humid, averaging around 80 °F or 26.7 °C, with a variation of about 15 °F or 8 °C during the year. The southern hemisphere winter, from June to September, is the coolest time of the year. The summer months of December to March bring hotter temperatures, while the months from April to November are considered the "dry" season. Throughout the year, however, rain follows clouds blown in by the trade winds that rise from the east almost daily. The mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a> area, standing over <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_Harbor" title="Pago Pago Harbor">Pago Pago Harbor</a>, catch these clouds, bringing an average of 200 inches or 5,100 millimeters of rainfall per year.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 4  <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_International_Airport" title="Pago Pago International Airport">Pago Pago International Airport</a>, Pago Pago (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99 (37) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.0 (32.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7 (32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.0 (31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.0 (31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.9 (31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7 (32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.4 (33.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8 (31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.1 (31.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8 (31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5 (30.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.3 (29.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.6 (29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8 (29.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.0 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">86.7 (30.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0 (28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.2 (28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3 (28.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0 (28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5 (27.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.9 (27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.9 (27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.6 (27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.1 (27.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5 (28.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9 (28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82.3 (27.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.1 (25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.9 (25.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8 (25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2 (25.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0 (25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.7 (25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0 (25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.8 (25.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.2 (24.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.7 (23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.6 (23.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.4 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 (22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.6 (22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.3 (22.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9 (23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.7 (23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.7 (21.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 (19) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 (18) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 (17) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 (20) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 (18) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 (16) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 (17) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (16) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 (17) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 (15) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (16) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 (18) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59 (15) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.25 (387) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.70 (348) </td> <td style="background: #005F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.95 (278) </td> <td style="background: #004500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.27 (286) </td> <td style="background: #004100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.73 (298) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.37 (162) </td> <td style="background: #00E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.51 (191) </td> <td style="background: #00F700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.93 (176) </td> <td style="background: #00C500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">7.99 (203) </td> <td style="background: #007A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.24 (260) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.05 (306) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.35 (364) </td> <td style="background: #006100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">128.34 (3,260) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.8 </td> <td style="background: #0F0FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.8 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.0 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.0 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">255.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000BF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000BF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.3 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.3 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.2 </td> <td style="background: #B7B756; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.3 </td> <td style="background: #B5B566; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.7 </td> <td style="background: #C3C313; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.0 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.6 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.7 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.8 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,849.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Climate change">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_American_Samoa" title="Climate change in American Samoa">Climate change in American Samoa</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_American_Samoa&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg/220px-NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg/330px-NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg/440px-NPS_american-samoa-context-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Locations of the Samoan Islands, including American Samoa</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_American_Samoa" title="Climate change in American Samoa">Climate change in American Samoa</a> encompasses the effects of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, attributed to man-made increases in atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, in the U.S. territory of American Samoa. The American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency (ASEPA) notes that the territory "has a fragile ecosystem" which is "directly and immediately impacted by global climate change".<a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_American_Samoa_ASEPA-131">[126]</a> The Human Rights Measurement Initiative<a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> finds that the climate crisis has worsened human rights conditions in American Samoa slightly (2.3 out of 6). <a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> Human rights experts provided that the climate crisis has affected shores, fishers and resource availability, and that only a small group of people are able to connect the climate crisis with existing human rights conditions. <a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_American_Samoa" title="Economy of American Samoa">Economy of American Samoa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/220px-Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/330px-Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/440px-Line4392_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Tuna boats in the port of <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></figcaption></figure> The economic health of American Samoa reflects the trends in other populated U.S. territories, which are in turn dependent on federal appropriations. Federal dollars enter the economy through congressional appropriations, categorical grants, <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> payments, and payments to Samoans retired from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military">military</a>. Tuna canning is the backbone of the American Samoa economy. Cannery employment and local auxiliary businesses provide additional revenues for the territorial government. In the mid-1960s, efforts began to develop a tourism industry in American Samoa. Efforts were delayed due to issues with inconsistent airline service, insufficient high-quality accommodations, and the lack of well-trained workers in the hospitality and tourism industries. Agriculture and fishing still provide sustenance for local families.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 8–9  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg/220px-Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg/330px-Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg/440px-Pago_Pago_-_Breadfruit_and_Taro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="2166" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a> from Pago Pago</figcaption></figure> Employment on the island falls into three relatively equal-sized categories of approximately 5,000 workers each: the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a>, the single remaining <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> <a href="/wiki/Cannery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannery">cannery</a>, and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a>. There are only a few <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal</a> employees in American Samoa and a few <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> military personnel, except members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a>, military recruiters, and some Full-Time Support staff at the Pele Army Reserve unit that maintains the facility and provides cadre, training, and logistics support. The Pele US Army Reserve Center is in <a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Tafuna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> recruiting station is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nu%CA%BBouli,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuʻouli, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Nuʻuuli</a>. There are six Army Reserve units at Pele:<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> <ul><li>Bravo Company, 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry</li> <li>Charlie Company, 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry</li> <li>411th Forward Support Company (Engineer)</li> <li>USAR Theater Support Group Detachment American Samoa</li> <li>1st Evacuation/Mortuary Platoon, 2nd Platoon, 962nd Quartermaster Company</li> <li>127th Chaplain Detachment</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG/220px-Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG/330px-Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG/440px-Charlie_Tuna_AmSamoa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption>Mascot "<a href="/wiki/Charlie_the_Tuna" title="Charlie the Tuna">Charlie the Tuna</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/StarKist" title="StarKist">StarKist</a> cannery in <a href="/wiki/Atu%27u" class="mw-redirect" title="Atu'u">Atuʻu</a></figcaption></figure> The overwhelming majority of public sector employees work for the American Samoa territorial government. One tuna cannery is <a href="/wiki/StarKist_Tuna" class="mw-redirect" title="StarKist Tuna">StarKist</a>, which exports several hundred million dollars worth of canned tuna to the United States each year. In early 2007, the Samoan economy was highlighted in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> at the request of <a href="/wiki/Eni_Faleomavaega" title="Eni Faleomavaega">Eni Faleomavaega</a>, the Samoan delegate to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, as it was not mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> bill. It was given no exemption from the coming increases, which he protested as unfair to the Samoan economy. House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> initially granted his request for an exemption, but backed down after being accused of serving special interests, since tuna packing company <a href="/wiki/Chicken_of_the_Sea" title="Chicken of the Sea">Chicken of the Sea</a> was based in her district. Samoa Packing, a <a href="/wiki/Chicken_of_the_Sea" title="Chicken of the Sea">Chicken of the Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> closed in 2009, citing both <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a> increases and increasing foreign competition, with the latter as the "main reason". Minimum wage in Samoa has been the topic of much debate, with the Samoan government and Chamber of Commerce strongly opposed, while businesses and workers hold nuanced views.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GDP">GDP</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: GDP">edit</a>]</div> From 2002 to 2007, <a href="/wiki/Real_gross_domestic_product" title="Real gross domestic product">real GDP</a> of American Samoa increased at an average annual rate of 0.4 percent. The annual growth rates of real GDP ranged from −2.9 percent to +2.1 percent. The volatility in the growth rates of real GDP was primarily accounted for by changes in the exports of canned tuna. The tuna canning industry was the largest private employer in American Samoa during this period. In 2017, GDP in American Samoa decreased by 5.8%, but in 2018 it increased by 2.2%.<a href="#cite_note-bea2-139">[134]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Summary statistics for American Samoa </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2002</th> <th>2003</th> <th>2004</th> <th>2005</th> <th>2006</th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2002–2007 AAGRA </th></tr> <tr> <th>GDPB </th> <td>536</td> <td>527</td> <td>553</td> <td>550</td> <td>548</td> <td>532 </td> <td>−0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Real GDPC </th> <td>527</td> <td>535</td> <td>539</td> <td>550</td> <td>534</td> <td>537 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th>PopulationD </th> <td>60,800</td> <td>62,600</td> <td>64,100</td> <td>65,500</td> <td>66,900</td> <td>68,200 </td> <td>2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Real GDP per capita </th> <td>8,668</td> <td>8,546</td> <td>8,409</td> <td>8,397</td> <td>7,982</td> <td>7,874 </td> <td>−1.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>A Average annual growth rate.</li><li>B In millions of dollars.</li><li>C In millions of 2005 <a href="/wiki/Chained_dollars" title="Chained dollars">chained dollars</a>.</li><li>D Source: 2008 American Samoa Statistical Yearbook.</li></ul></div> From 2002 to 2007, the population of American Samoa increased at an average annual rate of 2.3 percent, and real GDP per capita decreased at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Employment">edit</a>]</div> Agricultural production covers for domestic needs and only a small share of fruits and vegetables are exported. According to figures as of 2013, the ratio between import and export is almost balanced. Many residents rely on transfer payments from relatives living on the mainland or from federal subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment rate</a> was 29.8% in 2005 but improved to 23.8% as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit">[update]</a>. In 2020, American Samoa's GDP was $709 million.<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-6">[4]</a> Its GDP per capita (PPP) was $11,200 as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minimum_wage">Minimum wage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Minimum wage">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Deserted_Beach_near_Tisa%27s_Barefoot_Bar_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Tisa's Barefoot Bar & Grill</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Labor Standards Act">Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</a> has contained special provisions for American Samoa since its inception, citing its limited economy.<a href="#cite_note-flsa205-141">[136]</a> American Samoan wages are based on the recommendations of a Special Industry Committee meeting bi-annually.<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a> Originally, the act contained provisions for other territories, provisions which were phased out as those territories developed more diverse economies.<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Minimum_Wage_Act_of_2007" title="Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007">Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007</a> was passed, increasing the minimum wage in American Samoa by 50¢ per hour in 2007 and another 50¢ per hour each year thereafter until the minimum wage in American Samoa equals the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">federal minimum wage</a> of $7.25 per hour in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> In response to the minimum wage increase, the <a href="/wiki/Chicken_of_the_Sea" title="Chicken of the Sea">Chicken of the Sea</a> tuna canning plant was shut down in 2009, and 2,041 employees were laid off in the process.<a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> The other major tuna canning plant in American Samoa is <a href="/wiki/StarKist" title="StarKist">StarKist</a>, which began laying off workers in August 2010, with plans to lay off a total of 800 workers due to the minimum wage increases and other rising operation costs.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> American Samoa Governor <a href="/wiki/Togiola_Tulafono" title="Togiola Tulafono">Togiola Tulafono</a> suggested that, rather than laying off minimum wage workers, the companies could reduce salaries and bonuses of top-tier employees.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Taxation">edit</a>]</div> As in other U.S. territories, the U.S. federal government imposes <a href="/wiki/Federal_Insurance_Contributions_Act_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax">payroll taxes</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> and the equivalent self-employment tax<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> on income from work in American Samoa, but not the <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Income tax in the United States">federal income tax</a> on income generated in American Samoa by its residents (except from work as U.S. government employees).<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> Instead, the government of American Samoa itself taxes the worldwide income of its residents, as well as the income generated there by nonresidents, largely under the same rules and rates as the U.S. tax code in effect in 2000,<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> with certain modifications such as a minimum tax rate of 4%.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> A similar situation applies to corporations.<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> In 1983, the use of citizenship in taxation by American Samoa (due to its incorporation of the U.S. tax code) was ruled unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> The U.S. federal government does not impose <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">estate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gift_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Gift tax in the United States">gift taxes</a> on property not located in the United States (states and <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>) owned by residents of a U.S. territory (including American Samoa) who are not U.S. citizens or who acquired U.S. citizenship by birth or naturalization in that same U.S. territory.<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> However, these taxes still apply to residents of a U.S. territory who acquired U.S. citizenship by birth or naturalization in a different part of the U.S. or by descent.<a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a> It has been argued that this distinction based on place of birth, and not only residence or citizenship, is a rare case of unconstitutional tax discrimination, but it has never been challenged in court.<a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a> The government of American Samoa itself does not impose estate or gift taxes.<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> Unlike U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals without U.S. citizenship (the status of most American Samoans) who do not reside in the United States or any U.S. territory enjoy the unique combination of maintaining a <a href="/wiki/United_States_passport" title="United States passport">U.S. passport</a> and the right of return to the U.S. while not being subject to U.S. federal income tax on their non-U.S. income,<a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a> or to U.S. federal estate or gift taxes on their non-U.S. property.<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a> U.S. citizens (or anyone) cannot acquire this status after birth.<a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> American Samoa does not impose a sales tax, but it imposes a general import tax of 8%.<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> American Samoa is an independent <a href="/wiki/Customs_territory" title="Customs territory">customs territory</a>, whose importation rules and taxes differ from those applicable to other parts of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Telecommunications">edit</a>]</div> Some aspects of <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_American_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in American Samoa">telecommunications in American Samoa</a> are, like other <a href="/wiki/United_States_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States territories">U.S. territories</a>, inferior to that of the mainland United States; a recent estimate showed that American Samoa's Internet speed is slower than that of several <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> In 2012 Michael Calabrese, Daniel Calarco, and Colin Richardson stated that American Samoa had the most expensive internet of any U.S. territory and that the speeds were only slightly superior to those of <a href="/wiki/Dial-up_internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial-up internet">dial-up internet</a> in the U.S. Mainland in the 1990s. They also stated that many American Samoans are too poor to afford "high-speed internet".<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Samoa_license_plate_2011_5504.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/American_Samoa_license_plate_2011_5504.png/220px-American_Samoa_license_plate_2011_5504.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/American_Samoa_license_plate_2011_5504.png/330px-American_Samoa_license_plate_2011_5504.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/American_Samoa_license_plate_2011_5504.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>The current <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_American_Samoa" title="Vehicle registration plates of American Samoa">territorial license plate</a> design, introduced in 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg/170px-American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg/255px-American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg/340px-American_Samoa_Highway_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>American Samoa Route Marker – Main Road</figcaption></figure> American Samoa has 150 miles (240 km) of <a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_American_Samoa" title="List of highways in American Samoa">highways</a> (estimated in 2008).<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> The maximum speed limit is 30 miles per hour.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Ports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbors</a> include <a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Auasi">Auasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faleasao" class="mw-redirect" title="Faleasao">Faleasao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> American Samoa has no railways.<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> The territory has three <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airports</a>, all of which have paved <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runways</a>. The main airport is <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_International_Airport" title="Pago Pago International Airport">Pago Pago International Airport</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> on the island of Tutuila. The Manuʻa group has two airports: <a href="/wiki/Ofu_Airport" title="Ofu Airport">Ofu Airport</a> on the island of Ofu, and <a href="/wiki/Fitiuta_Airport" title="Fitiuta Airport">Fitiuta Airport</a> on the island of Taʻū. According to a 1999 estimate, the territory has no <a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">merchant marine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> On June 8, 1922, the first bus service on Tutuila began its operations.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> The ʻaiga bus system travels across the island of <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_American_Samoa" title="Demographics of American Samoa">Demographics of American Samoa</a></div> As of 2022, the population of American Samoa is estimated around 45,443 people.<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> counted 49,710 people, 97.5% of whom lived on the largest island, <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-census-counties-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> About 57.6% of the population were born in American Samoa, 28.6% in independent <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, 6.1% in other parts of the United States, 4.5% in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, 2.9% in other parts of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, and 0.2% elsewhere. At least 69% of the population had a parent born outside American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-census-social-177">[172]</a> American Samoa is small enough to have just one <a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code</a>, 96799, and uses the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> (state code "AS") for mail delivery.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_language">Ethnicity and language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and language">edit</a>]</div> In the 2020 census, 89.4% of the population reported at least partial <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan</a> ethnicity, 83.2% only Samoan, 5.8% Asian, 5.5% other <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific island ethnicities</a>, 4.4% <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">mixed</a>, and 1.1% other ethnicities.<a href="#cite_note-census-general-180">[175]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan language</a> was spoken at home by 87.9% of the population, while 6.1% spoke other <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Pacific island languages</a>, 3.3% spoke <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, 2.1% spoke an <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asian language</a>, and 0.5% spoke other languages; 47.2% of the population spoke English at home or "very well".<a href="#cite_note-census-social-177">[172]</a> In 2022, Samoan and English were designated as official languages of the territory.<a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> At least some of the <a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">deaf</a> population use <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Sign_Language" title="Samoan Sign Language">Samoan Sign Language</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE,_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE%2C_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg/220px-ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE%2C_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE%2C_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg/330px-ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE%2C_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE%2C_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg/440px-ZION_CHURCH_IN_LEONE%2C_AMERICAN_SAMOA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5260" data-file-height="3528" /></a><figcaption>Zion Church in <a href="/wiki/Leone,_American_Samoa" title="Leone, American Samoa">Leone</a></figcaption></figure> Major <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> on the island include the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_in_American_Samoa" title="Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa">Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, and the Methodist Church of Samoa. Collectively, these churches account for the vast majority of the population. <a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">J. Gordon Melton</a> in his book claims that <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalists">Congregationalists</a> with the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> led the first Christian missions to the islands. Other denominations arrived later, beginning in 1895 with the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Pentecostals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostals">Pentecostals</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>), <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoan_church_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Samoan_church_4.JPG/220px-Samoan_church_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Samoan_church_4.JPG/330px-Samoan_church_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Samoan_church_4.JPG/440px-Samoan_church_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>One of many churches in Samoa</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/CIA_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA Factbook">CIA Factbook</a> 2010 estimate shows the religious affiliations of American Samoa as 98.3% <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, other 1%, unaffiliated 0.7%.<a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> World Christian Database 2010 estimate shows the religious affiliations of American Samoa as 98.3% Christian, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese Universalist</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> and 0.3% followers of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 98.3% of the total population is Christian. Among Christians, 59.5% are <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, 19.7% are <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and 19.2% are <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">other Christians</a>. A major Protestant church on the island, gathering a substantial part of the local Protestant population, is the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_in_American_Samoa" title="Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa">Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed</a> denomination in the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalist tradition</a>. As of April 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> website claims a membership of 16,512 (nearly 30% of American Samoa's entire population), with 43 congregations and five family history centers.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> claim 210 "ministers of the word" and three congregations.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> has at least 18 churches in the territory<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> and 29 parishes<a href="#cite_note-:0-186">[181]</a> under the Diocese of Samoa-Pago (Diœcesis Samoa-Pagopagensis)<a href="#cite_note-:0-186">[181]</a> which was created in 1982 by <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a> through the bull Studiose quidem<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> and constitutes a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">suffragan see</a> of the Archdiocese of Samoa-Apia. The bishop has his see in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Family_(Tafuna,_American_Samoa)" title="Cathedral of the Holy Family (Tafuna, American Samoa)">Cathedral of the Holy Family</a> in Tafuna and in the <a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_St._Joseph_the_Worker_(Fagatogo,_American_Samoa)" title="Co-Cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker (Fagatogo, American Samoa)">Co-cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker</a> in Fagatogo. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_samoa_community_college.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/American_samoa_community_college.jpg/220px-American_samoa_community_college.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/American_samoa_community_college.jpg/330px-American_samoa_community_college.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/American_samoa_community_college.jpg/440px-American_samoa_community_college.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Community_College" title="American Samoa Community College">American Samoa Community College</a></figcaption></figure> The island contains 23 <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a>. Of the ten <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a>, five are operated by the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Department_of_Education" title="American Samoa Department of Education">American Samoa Department of Education</a>;<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> the other five are either administered by <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">religious denominations</a> or are <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">privately owned</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Community_College" title="American Samoa Community College">American Samoa Community College</a>, founded in 1970, provides <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">post-secondary education</a> on the islands. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leone_high_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Leone_high_school.jpg/220px-Leone_high_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Leone_high_school.jpg/330px-Leone_high_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Leone_high_school.jpg/440px-Leone_high_school.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leone_High_School" title="Leone High School">Leone High School</a></figcaption></figure> American Samoa was home to one high school as of 1961, which existed due to the matai's pressure on the naval governor to transform the old Marine barracks at <a href="/wiki/Utulei" class="mw-redirect" title="Utulei">Utulei</a> into a school. The teenagers of well-off and more politically connected families attended the school, which would later be known as <a href="/wiki/Samoana_High_School" title="Samoana High School">Samoana High School</a>. With a median age of 15, the demand for more high schools was increasing, and three new high schools were established by 1968. Another two soon followed, and by 1979, 2,800 high school students were attending six public and private high schools in American Samoa. Looking for a cost-effective way for educational reformation, Governor <a href="/wiki/H._Rex_Lee" title="H. Rex Lee">H. Rex Lee</a> introduced the public television system in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-Ruck-49">[46]</a> When TV was introduced, there were 6,000 educational programs produced annually; by 1981, only one series comprising 40-minute lessons in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> skills was still aired. One of the side effects of <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> in popular programming from the U.S. was an increase in sales of <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">over-the-counter drugs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pepto_Bismol" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepto Bismol">Pepto Bismol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sominex" title="Sominex">Sominex</a>, with television being directly blamed for the decline of village life.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Samoa" title="Culture of Samoa">Culture of Samoa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_p_haydon_museum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jean_p_haydon_museum.png/220px-Jean_p_haydon_museum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jean_p_haydon_museum.png/330px-Jean_p_haydon_museum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jean_p_haydon_museum.png/440px-Jean_p_haydon_museum.png 2x" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_P._Haydon_Museum" title="Jean P. Haydon Museum">Jean P. Haydon Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></figcaption></figure> The Samoan culture has developed over 3,500 years and largely withstood interaction with European cultures. It was adapted well to the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in American Samoa">Christianity</a>. The Samoan language is still in use in daily exchange; however, English is widely used and also the legal official language. Besides <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan language</a> classes and cultural courses, all instructions in public schools are in English. The basic unit of the American Samoa culture is the ʻaiga (family). It consists of both immediate and extended family. The matai, or chief, is the head of the ʻaiga. The chief is the custodian of all ʻaiga properties. A village (nuʻu) is made up of several or many ʻaiga with a common or shared interest. Each ʻaiga is represented by their chief in the village councils.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 5–6  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Music of Samoa</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Samoa&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Alaska" title="Music of Alaska">AK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Alabama" title="Music of Alabama">AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Arkansas" title="Music of Arkansas">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Arizona" title="Music of Arizona">AZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colorado" title="Music of Colorado">CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Connecticut" title="Music of Connecticut">CT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Music of Washington, D.C.">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Delaware" title="Music of Delaware">DE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Florida" title="Music of Florida">FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Music of Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">GU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii" title="Music of Hawaii">HI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iowa" title="Music of Iowa">IA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Idaho" title="Music of Idaho">ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Illinois" title="Music of Illinois">IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indiana" title="Music of Indiana">IN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kansas" title="Music of Kansas">KS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kentucky" title="Music of Kentucky">KY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Louisiana" title="Music of Louisiana">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Massachusetts" title="Music of Massachusetts">MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Maryland" title="Music of Maryland">MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Maine" title="Music of Maine">ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Michigan" title="Music of Michigan">MI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Minnesota" title="Music of Minnesota">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Missouri" title="Music of Missouri">MO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mississippi" title="Music of Mississippi">MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montana" title="Music of Montana">MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Carolina" title="Music of North Carolina">NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Dakota" title="Music of North Dakota">ND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nebraska" title="Music of Nebraska">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Hampshire" title="Music of New Hampshire">NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Mexico" title="Music of New Mexico">NM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nevada" title="Music of Nevada">NV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Jersey" title="Music of New Jersey">NJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_(state)" title="Music of New York (state)">NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ohio" title="Music of Ohio">OH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oklahoma" title="Music of Oklahoma">OK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oregon" title="Music of Oregon">OR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pennsylvania" title="Music of Pennsylvania">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Rhode_Island" title="Music of Rhode Island">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Carolina" title="Music of South Carolina">SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Dakota" title="Music of South Dakota">SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tennessee" title="Music of Tennessee">TN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Texas" title="Music of Texas">TX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Utah" title="Music of Utah">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Virginia" title="Music of Virginia">VA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Music of the Virgin Islands">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vermont" title="Music of Vermont">VT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington_(state)" title="Music of Washington (state)">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wisconsin" title="Music of Wisconsin">WI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Virginia" title="Music of West Virginia">WV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wyoming" title="Music of Wyoming">WY</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG/220px-Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG/330px-Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG/440px-Samoan_lali_log_drums_at_Piula_Theological_College.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Samoan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talipalau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talipalau (page does not exist)">Talipalau</a> log drums at Piula Theological College, distant ancestor of the Fijian <a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a> drums</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Music of Samoa</a> is a complex mix of cultures and traditions, with pre- and post-European contact histories. Since American colonization, popular traditions such as <a href="/wiki/Rap_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap music">rap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> have been integrated into Samoan music. Traditional Samoan <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instruments</a> includes several different distinctive instruments, including a <a href="/wiki/Fala_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fala (musical instrument)">fala</a>, which is a rolled-up mat beaten with sticks and several types of <a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">slit drum</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_American_Samoa" title="Sports in American Samoa">Sports in American Samoa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_pacific_games.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/South_pacific_games.jpg/220px-South_pacific_games.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/South_pacific_games.jpg/330px-South_pacific_games.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/South_pacific_games.jpg/440px-South_pacific_games.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1529" data-file-height="2545" /></a><figcaption>American Samoa at the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Games">South Pacific Games</a></figcaption></figure> The main sports played in American Samoa are <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoan_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan cricket">Samoan cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">canoeing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, and fishing tournaments. Some current and former sports clubs are the American Samoa Tennis Association, Rugby Unions, Lavalava Golf Club, and Gamefish Association. Leagues improved and organized better after the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Stadium_(Pago_Pago)" title="Veterans Memorial Stadium (Pago Pago)">Veterans Memorial Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 338  The <a href="/wiki/1997_South_Pacific_Mini_Games" title="1997 South Pacific Mini Games">1997 South Pacific Mini Games</a> were the biggest international event ever to take place in American Samoa. The bid to host the games for the 23 participating countries was approved in May 1993. In January 1994, Governor <a href="/wiki/A._P._Lutali" title="A. P. Lutali">A. P. Lutali</a> appointed Fuga Teleso to head the task force charged with game preparations, including the construction of a stadium. Groundbreaking was in January 1994. The Governor later handed the task force on preparations to Lieutenant Governor Togiola. The task force merged with the American Samoa National Olympics Committee to better coordinate and facilitate preparations. V.P. Willis Construction built the 1,500-seat stands. The <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="American Samoa Department of Public Safety">Department of Public Safety</a> trained its force for special games security. The opening ceremony became extravagant where the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Reserve">U.S. Army Reserve</a> carried the torch from <a href="/wiki/Tula,_American_Samoa" title="Tula, American Samoa">Tula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leone,_American_Samoa" title="Leone, American Samoa">Leone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 357–358  About 2,000 athletes, coaches, and sponsors attended from 19 countries and competed in 11 sports at the game. American Samoa fielded a team of 248 athletes. The team won 48 medals, 22 of which were gold medals, and American Samoa came in fourth overall in the ratings. <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa_Rotary_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Samoa Rotary Club (page does not exist)">American Samoa Rotary Club</a> honored Fuga Tolani Teleso with the community's top award, the Paul Harris Fellowship Award, for his work on constructing the <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Stadium_(Pago_Pago)" title="Veterans Memorial Stadium (Pago Pago)">Veterans Memorial Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 359  In 1982, yachters competed in the Hobie World Championship held in <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>. American Samoa beat the <a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a> team by half a point and won the Samoa Cup. In 1983, a team coached by Adele Satele-Galeai brought home the winning trophy from the Regional women's volleyball tournament in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. Also in 1983, the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Games">South Pacific Games</a> were held in Apia. American Samoa received 13 medals: four gold, four silver, and five bronze. That same year, three junior golfers made the cut out of 1,000 players to attend the World Junior Golf Tournament in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 338  In 1987, American Samoa became the 167th member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>. The first South Pacific Junior Tennis Tournament was held at the <a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Tafuna</a> courts in January 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 339  <a href="/wiki/Tony_Solaita" title="Tony Solaita">Tony Solaita</a> was the first American Samoan to play in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 339  There are thirty players from American Samoa in the National Football League (NFL) as of 2015 and over 200 play Div. I <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Football">NCAA Football</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> Some American Samoan NFL football players are <a href="/wiki/Shalom_Luani" title="Shalom Luani">Shalom Luani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junior_Siavii" title="Junior Siavii">Junior Siavii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Fanene" title="Jonathan Fanene">Jonathan Fanene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosi_Tatupu" title="Mosi Tatupu">Mosi Tatupu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Nua" title="Shaun Nua">Shaun Nua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Sopoaga" title="Isaac Sopoaga">Isaac Sopoaga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Te%CA%BBo-Nesheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Teʻo-Nesheim">Daniel Teʻo-Nesheim</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, a Welfare and Recreation Department was created. This department arranged bowling, softball, badminton tournaments, basketball, and volleyball at various Tutuila locations. Boxing matches and dancing also became popular activities.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_football">American football</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: American football">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_football_in_American_Samoa" title="American football in American Samoa">American football in American Samoa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png/220px-High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png/330px-High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png/440px-High_school_football_tutuila_samoa.png 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="1126" /></a><figcaption>High school football game</figcaption></figure> About 30 ethnic Samoans, all from American Samoa, currently play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>, and more than 200 play <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Football_Island-192">[187]</a> In recent years, it has been estimated that a Samoan male (either an American Samoan, or a Samoan living in the mainland United States) is anywhere from 40<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> to 56 times<a href="#cite_note-Football_Island-192">[187]</a> more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan American, giving American Samoa the nickname "Football Islands".<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> Samoans are the most disproportionately overrepresented ethnic group in the National Football League.<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> Six-time <a href="/wiki/All-Pro" title="All-Pro">All-Pro</a> <a href="/wiki/Junior_Seau" title="Junior Seau">Junior Seau</a> was one of the most famous Americans of Samoan heritage ever to play in the NFL, having been elected to the <a href="/wiki/NFL_1990s_All-Decade_Team" title="NFL 1990s All-Decade Team">NFL 1990s All-Decade Team</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> safety <a href="/wiki/Troy_Polamalu" title="Troy Polamalu">Troy Polamalu</a>, though born and raised in the mainland United States, is another famous American of Samoan heritage to have played in the NFL, not having his hair cut since 2000 (and only because a <a href="/wiki/USC_Trojans_football" title="USC Trojans football">USC</a> coach told him he had to) and wearing it down during games in honor of his heritage. The football culture was featured on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> on January 17, 2010. At the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016 Republican National Convention</a>, American Samoa's delegation said American Samoa is "the greatest exporter of NFL players".<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Association_football">Association football</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Association football">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_national_football_team" title="American Samoa national football team">American Samoa national football team</a> is one of the newest teams in the world and is also noted for being the world's weakest. They lost to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Australia_31%E2%80%930_American_Samoa" title="Australia 31–0 American Samoa">31–0</a> in a <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> qualifying match on April 11, 2001, but on November 22, 2011, they finally won their first ever game, beating <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> 2–1 in a <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> qualifier.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> The appearance of American Samoa's <a href="/wiki/Jaiyah_Saelua" title="Jaiyah Saelua">Jaiyah Saelua</a> in the contest "apparently became the first transgender player to compete on a World Cup stage".<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> The American Samoan national team features in the highly rated 2014 British film <a href="/wiki/Next_Goal_Wins_(2014_film)" title="Next Goal Wins (2014 film)">Next Goal Wins</a>. The film documents the team's <a href="/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_OFC_first_round" title="2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – OFC first round">2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying</a> campaign, in which they achieved their first-ever international win. Saelua and <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Salapu" title="Nicky Salapu">Nicky Salapu</a>, the man famous for being the <a href="/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)" title="Goalkeeper (association football)">goalkeeper</a> during the team's 31–0 loss to Australia in 2001, feature prominently in the film.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Next_Goal_Wins_(2023_film)" title="Next Goal Wins (2023 film)">feature film adaptation</a> of the documentary was released in 2023 and was directed by <a href="/wiki/Taika_Waititi" title="Taika Waititi">Taika Waititi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rugby_league">Rugby league</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Rugby league">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_national_rugby_league_team" title="American Samoa national rugby league team">American Samoa national rugby league team</a> represents the country in international <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a>. The team competed in the 1988, 1992, 1998 and 2004 <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Pacific_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby League Pacific Cup">Pacific Cup</a> competitions. The team has also competed in the 2003 and 2004 <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_World_Sevens" title="Rugby League World Sevens">World Sevens</a> qualifiers in the 2005 World Sevens. America Samoa's first match in the international Rugby League was in the 1988 <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Pacific_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby League Pacific Cup">Pacific Cup</a> against <a href="/wiki/Tonga_national_rugby_league_team" title="Tonga national rugby league team">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga_national_rugby_league_team" title="Tonga national rugby league team">Tonga</a> won the match 38–14 which is still the biggest loss by an American Samoan side. American Samoa's biggest win was in 2004 against <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia_national_rugby_league_team" title="New Caledonia national rugby league team">New Caledonia</a> with a final score of 62–6. American Samoa gets broadcasts of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League" title="National Rugby League">National Rugby League</a> in Australia on <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air television</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rugbyleagueplanet1-205">[200]</a> There is also a new movement that aims to set up a four-team domestic competition in American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-rugbyleagueplanet1-205">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rugby_union">Rugby union</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Rugby union">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_American_Samoa" title="Rugby union in American Samoa">Rugby union</a> is a growing sport in American Samoa. The first rugby game recorded in American Samoa was in 1924, since then the development of the game had been heavily overshadowed by the influence of <a href="/wiki/American_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football">American Football</a> during the 1970s. The highest governing body of rugby in American Samoa is the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Rugby_Union" title="American Samoa Rugby Union">American Samoa Rugby Union</a> which was founded in 1990 and was not affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">IRB</a> until 2012. Internationally, two American Samoans have played for the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> national rugby union team, known as the <a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Solomon" title="Frank Solomon">Frank Solomon</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>) became the first American national of Samoan descent to play for a New Zealand team. Considered a pacific pioneer in New Zealand rugby,<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> Solomon scored a try against <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australia</a> in the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Bledisloe_Cup" title="Bledisloe Cup">Bledisloe Cup</a> match in 1932, which New Zealand won 21–13. The second American Samoan to play for the All Blacks is <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kaino" title="Jerome Kaino">Jerome Kaino</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Faga%CA%BBalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagaʻalu">Fagaʻalu</a>). A native of <a href="/wiki/Leone,_American_Samoa" title="Leone, American Samoa">Leone</a>, Kaino moved to New Zealand when he was four. In 2004, at age 21, he played his first match for New Zealand against the <a href="/wiki/Barbarian_F.C." title="Barbarian F.C.">Barbarians</a> where he scored his first try, contributing to New Zealand's 47–19 victory that resulted in him becoming a man of the match.<a href="#cite_note-nzhKaino-207">[202]</a> He also played a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby World Cup 2011">Rugby World Cup 2011</a> playing every match in the tournament. He scored four tries in the event which led to New Zealand winning the final against <a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France</a> 8–7. Kaino was also a key member of the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby World Cup 2015">2015 Rugby World Cup</a> squad, where he played every match including a try he scored in the quarterfinals against <a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France</a> which New Zealand won 62–13. He scored again in the semifinals against <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team" title="South Africa national rugby union team">South Africa</a>, which New Zealand won 20–18. He played in the World Cup final against <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australia</a> where New Zealand won again 34–17 to become world champions for a record three times (1987, 2011, and 2015). Kaino is one of twenty New Zealand rugby players to have won the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a> twice, back to back in 2011 and 2015. In August 2015, the American Samoa Rugby Union Board selected Leota Toma Patu from the village of Leone as the coach for the Talavalu 15 men's team that represented American Samoa at the Ocean Cup 2015 in Papua New Guinea. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Boxing: <a href="/wiki/Maselino_Masoe" title="Maselino Masoe">Maselino Masoe</a>, who represented American Samoa in three consecutive <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympics</a> from 1988 to 1996, was <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Association" title="World Boxing Association">WBA</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_WBA_world_champions" title="List of WBA world champions">middleweight champion</a> from 2004 to 2006.</li> <li>Professional wrestling: Several American Samoan athletes have been very visible in <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Anoa%CA%BBi_family" title="Anoaʻi family">Anoaʻi family</a> in particular has had many of its members employed by <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a>.</li> <li>Sumo wrestling: Some Samoan <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a> wrestlers, most famously <a href="/wiki/Musashimaru" class="mw-redirect" title="Musashimaru">Musashimaru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konishiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Konishiki">Konishiki</a>, have reached the highest ranks of <a href="/wiki/Makuuchi#Ōzeki" title="Makuuchi">ōzeki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yokozuna_(sumo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokozuna (sumo)">yokozuna</a>.</li> <li>Track and field: <a href="/wiki/Hammer_throw" title="Hammer throw">Hammer thrower</a> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Misipeka" title="Lisa Misipeka">Lisa Misipeka</a> attracted international attention by winning a bronze medal in the <a href="/wiki/1999_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1999 World Championships in Athletics">1999 World Championships in Athletics</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Recreation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg/220px-Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg/330px-Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg/440px-Pola_Islands_Tutuila_NPS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pola_Island" title="Pola Island">Pola Island</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aunu%27u_Island_National_National_Landmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aunu%27u_Island_National_National_Landmark.jpg/220px-Aunu%27u_Island_National_National_Landmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Aunu%27u_Island_National_National_Landmark.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Aunuʻu Island</figcaption></figure> A team from the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Outdoor_Recreation" title="Bureau of Outdoor Recreation">Bureau of Outdoor Recreation</a> conducted a parks survey on American Samoa in the 1960s. Their team recommended sites at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Taputapu" title="Cape Taputapu">Cape Taputapu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%CA%BBala_Shoreline" title="Leʻala Shoreline">Leʻala</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vailoatai,_American_Samoa" title="Vailoatai, American Samoa">Vailoatai</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%CA%BBoloau" class="mw-redirect" title="Aʻoloau">Aʻoloau</a> (the plateau), Matautuloa Point, <a href="/wiki/Nu%CA%BBuuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuʻuuli">Nuʻuuli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matafao_Peak" title="Matafao Peak">Matafao Peak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vai%CA%BBava_Strait" title="Vaiʻava Strait">Vaiʻava Strait</a>, Anasosopo, <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAoa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻAoa">ʻAoa</a>, Cape Matautuloa, and <a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu Island</a>. After an initial objection, Secretary Leʻiato gave his support and was appointed Chairman of the Territorial Parks and Recreation Committee. The first field meeting for a parkland acquisition was held between Judge Morrow on behalf of the government and the village council of <a href="/wiki/Vatia,_American_Samoa" title="Vatia, American Samoa">Vatia</a> to make the <a href="/wiki/Pola_Island" title="Pola Island">Pola Island</a> area a public park. The dredge Palolo was hired from <a href="/wiki/Upolu" title="Upolu">Upolu</a> in January 1966 in order to dredge sand for <a href="/wiki/Utulei" class="mw-redirect" title="Utulei">Utulei Beach</a>. A specialist in beach developments, Ala Varone of the Army, directed the project. The centerpiece of the park was to be at the head of <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_Harbor" title="Pago Pago Harbor">Pago Pago Harbor</a>, where it proposed a 13-acre site created by the dredge. The park would have facilities for sports and recreation as well as facilities for boats and the growing number of Asian immigrants arriving from Korea, Japan, and China.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 285  The Department of Parks and Recreation was created by law in 1980 and the Parks Commission was also established.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 315  In 1981, Governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tali_Coleman" title="Peter Tali Coleman">Peter Tali Coleman</a> appointed Fuga Tolani Teleso as Director of Parks and Recreation. On May 25, 1984, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at the Onesosopo reclamation to initiate work on the first park in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_American_Samoa" title="Eastern District, American Samoa">Eastern District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 332  At the urging of Paul Cox, High Chief Nafanua of <a href="/wiki/Falealupo" title="Falealupo">Falealupo</a>, and the Bat Preservers Association, Congressman <a href="/wiki/Fof%C5%8D_Iosefa_Fiti_Sunia" title="Fofō Iosefa Fiti Sunia">Fofō Iosefa Fiti Sunia</a> introduced a bill in 1984 which would enter American Samoa into the Federal Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act. The purpose of the bill was to protect the ancient <a href="/wiki/Paleotropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleotropical">paleotropical</a> rainforests and the <a href="/wiki/Flying_fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying fox">Flying fox</a> <a href="/wiki/Megabat" title="Megabat">megabat</a>. The signing marked the beginning of American Samoa's entry into the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park System">National Park System</a>. In July 1987, the National Park Service began establishing a federal park, the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_of_American_Samoa" title="National Park of American Samoa">National Park of American Samoa</a>. An initial appropriation of $400,000 was made in 1989. It contains one of the world's most remarkable rainforest and coastal reef ecologies and spreads across three islands. One of the most popular sites on <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila Island</a> include Pola Rock, a rise of sheer rock formations that protrudes over 400 feet (120 m) above the ocean's surface. It is located off the shores of <a href="/wiki/Vatia,_American_Samoa" title="Vatia, American Samoa">Vatia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 332  On September 19, 1991, Governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tali_Coleman" title="Peter Tali Coleman">Peter Tali Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> secretary <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lujan" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Lujan">Manuel Lujan</a> signed leases formalizing the establishment of the fiftieth U.S. National Park.<a href="#cite_note-Sunia-2009-26">[23]</a>: 335  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg/220px-American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg/330px-American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg/440px-American_Samoa_National_Park_sign_for_natural_landmarks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>National Natural Landmarks</figcaption></figure> The ASG Parks and Recreation oversees the maintenance of all public parks, including the <a href="/wiki/Amanave" class="mw-redirect" title="Amanave">Amanave</a> Mini Park, Lions Park in <a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Tafuna</a>, Onesosopo Park in <a href="/wiki/Aua,_American_Samoa" title="Aua, American Samoa">Aua</a>, Malaloa Mini Park, <a href="/wiki/Faga%CA%BBalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagaʻalu">Fagaʻalu</a> Park, <a href="/wiki/Tia_Seu_Lupe" title="Tia Seu Lupe">Tia Seu Lupe</a> historical site at <a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Fatuoaiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_Park" title="Pago Pago Park">Pago Pago Park</a>, Pago Pago Tennis Courts, the Little League Softball Field, Tony Solaʻita Baseball Field, Solo Ridge at the Utulei Tramway, Utulei Beach Park and Suʻigaulaoleatuvasa in <a href="/wiki/Utulei,_American_Samoa" title="Utulei, American Samoa">Utulei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matafao_Peak_National_Natural_Landmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Matafao_Peak_National_Natural_Landmark.jpg/220px-Matafao_Peak_National_Natural_Landmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Matafao_Peak_National_Natural_Landmark.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matafao_Peak" title="Matafao Peak">Matafao Peak</a> National Natural Landmark</figcaption></figure> American Samoa has seven areas designated as National Natural Landmarks on Tutuila Island. This program is administrated by the U.S. National Park Service and the areas contain unique ecological or geological features. Except <a href="/wiki/Vai%CA%BBava_Strait" title="Vaiʻava Strait">Vaiʻava Strait</a>, none of the areas are within the National Park of American Samoa.<a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 281  American Samoa's seven <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a> (NNL) were designated in 1972: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Taputapu" title="Cape Taputapu">Cape Taputapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogama%CA%BBa_Crater" title="Fogamaʻa Crater">Fogamaʻa Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matafao_Peak" title="Matafao Peak">Matafao Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%CA%BBala_Shoreline" title="Leʻala Shoreline">Leʻala Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainmaker_Mountain" title="Rainmaker Mountain">Rainmaker Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%CA%BBava_Strait" title="Vaiʻava Strait">Vaiʻava Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu Island</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Wildlife">edit</a>]</div> Notable terrestrial species include the <a href="/wiki/Candoia_bibroni" title="Candoia bibroni">Pacific tree boa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Samoa_flying_fox" title="Samoa flying fox">Samoa flying fox</a>, which has a three-foot wingspread.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> Two snake species can be found in American Samoa: The <a href="/wiki/Indotyphlops_braminus" title="Indotyphlops braminus">Brahminy blind snake</a> is found on Tutuila, while the Pacific tree boa occurs on Taʻū. The islands are home to five species of geckos: <a href="/wiki/Pacific_slender-toed_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific slender-toed gecko">Pacific slender-toed gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic gecko">Oceanic gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mourning_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Mourning gecko">Mourning gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stump-toed_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Stump-toed gecko">Stump-toed gecko</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="House gecko">House gecko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nathist-211">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 253  Turtles include the threatened <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">Green sea turtle</a> and the endangered <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Hawksbill sea turtle</a>. Hawksbill sea turtles tend to nest on Tutuila beaches, while the Green sea turtle is most common on <a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> Tutuila has the highest number of nesting turtles, consisting of around fifty nesting females per year.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> American Samoa is home to one species of amphibian: the <a href="/wiki/Cane_toad" title="Cane toad">Cane toad</a>. Biologists estimate that there are over two million toads on Tutuila.<a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 252  915 nearshore fish species have been recorded in American Samoa, compared to only 460 nearshore fish species in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 20  With over 950 species of native fish and 250 coral species, American Samoa has the greatest <a href="/wiki/Marine_biodiversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine biodiversity">marine biodiversity</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Sanctuary_of_American_Samoa" title="National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa">National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa</a> is the largest marine sanctuary in the U.S. It is home to over 150 species of coral, including some of the largest and oldest corals of their genus in the world.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_bats">Fruit bats</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Fruit bats">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg/220px-Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg/330px-Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg/440px-Pteropus_samoensis2-2-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1428" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Samoa_flying_fox" title="Samoa flying fox">Samoa flying fox</a> is only found in Fiji and the Samoan Islands.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Megabat" title="Megabat">Megabats</a> are the only native mammal in American Samoa. The islands are home to two species of fruit bats: <a href="/wiki/Insular_flying_fox" title="Insular flying fox">Pacific flying fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samoa_flying_fox" title="Samoa flying fox">Samoa flying fox</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sheath-tailed_bat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheath-tailed bat">Sheath-tailed bat</a> is another species found here, which is a smaller insect-eating bat. In 1992, the American Samoa Government banned the hunting of fruit bats to help their populations recover.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> The Samoa flying fox is only found in <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> and the Samoan Islands.<a href="#cite_note-nathist-211">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 200  From 1995 to 2000, the population of Samoa flying fox remained stable at about 900 animals on Tutuila, and 100 in the <a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_Islands" title="Manuʻa Islands">Manuʻa Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> As of the year 2000, scientists from the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resource estimated that there are fewer than 5,500 Pacific flying foxes in American Samoa, and an estimated 900 or fewer Samoa flying foxes.<a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 199  The best and biggest known <a href="/wiki/Roosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosting">roost</a> on Tutuila Island for the Sheath-tailed bat is in the Anapeʻape Cove near <a href="/wiki/Afono,_American_Samoa" title="Afono, American Samoa">Āfono</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amalau_Valley" title="Amalau Valley">Amalau Valley</a> on Tutuila's north coast offers great roadside views of many bird species and both species of fruit bat.<a href="#cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">[204]</a>: 274  The valley has been called a prime bird- and bat-watching area.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avifauna">Avifauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Avifauna">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vini_australis_-London_Zoo,_England-8a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vini_australis_-London_Zoo%2C_England-8a.jpg/220px-Vini_australis_-London_Zoo%2C_England-8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vini_australis_-London_Zoo%2C_England-8a.jpg/330px-Vini_australis_-London_Zoo%2C_England-8a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vini_australis_-London_Zoo%2C_England-8a.jpg/440px-Vini_australis_-London_Zoo%2C_England-8a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blue-crowned_lorikeet" title="Blue-crowned lorikeet">Blue-crowned lorikeet</a> is the only parrot found in American Samoa.</figcaption></figure> Sixteen of the Samoan Islands' 34 bird species are found nowhere else on Earth. This includes the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Tooth-billed_pigeon" title="Tooth-billed pigeon">tooth-billed pigeon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> Four species of birds are only found in the Manuʻa Islands and not on Tutuila. These include American Samoa's only parrot, the <a href="/wiki/Blue-crowned_Lory" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-crowned Lory">blue-crowned Lory</a>. Other special birds to Manuʻa are the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_shrikebill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser shrikebill">lesser shrikebill</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Friendly_ground-dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendly ground-dove">friendly ground-dove</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Spotless_crake" title="Spotless crake">spotless crake</a> has only been observed on Taʻū Island.<a href="#cite_note-nathist-211">[206]</a> There are more species of birds than all species of reptiles, mammals and amphibians combined. Native land birds include two honeyeaters: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_honeyeater" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal honeyeater">cardinal honeyeater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wattled_honeyeater" title="Wattled honeyeater">wattled honeyeater</a>. Cardinal honeyeaters only occur on Tutuila Island. The only endemic land bird to American Samoa is the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_starling" title="Samoan starling">Samoan starling</a>. Four pigeons are native to American Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Pacific_imperial_pigeon" title="Pacific imperial pigeon">Pacific imperial pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Many-colored_fruit_dove" title="Many-colored fruit dove">many-colored fruit dove</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-capped_fruit_dove" title="White-capped fruit dove">white-capped fruit dove</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shy_ground_dove" title="Shy ground dove">shy ground dove</a>. The local government banned all pigeon hunting in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> The many-colored fruit dove is one of the rarest birds that nest on Tutuila. Studies in the 1980s estimated their population size at Tutuila to be only around 80 birds.<a href="#cite_note-nathist-211">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amalau_Valley" title="Amalau Valley">Amalau Valley</a> has been described as the best place in American Samoa to observe the many-colored fruit dove.<a href="#cite_note-Watling-Rinke-2001-224">[219]</a> The offshore islet of <a href="/wiki/Pola_Island" title="Pola Island">Pola Island</a> near <a href="/wiki/Vatia,_American_Samoa" title="Vatia, American Samoa">Vatia</a> is a nesting site for many seabird species and an excellent area to observe seabirds.<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-Watling-Rinke-2001-224">[219]</a> The Pola region of Vatia and <a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a> are the only places in American Samoa where there are breeding colonies of <a href="/wiki/Red-footed_boobies" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-footed boobies">red-footed boobies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> Birds that depend on freshwater habitat include the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_reef_heron" title="Pacific reef heron">Pacific reef heron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_black_duck" title="Pacific black duck">Pacific black duck</a>, the Samoan Islands' only species of duck. The largest wetland areas are the pala lagoons in <a href="/wiki/Nu%CA%BBuuli,_American_Samoa" title="Nuʻuuli, American Samoa">Nuʻuuli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leone,_American_Samoa" title="Leone, American Samoa">Leone</a> as well as Pala Lake on <a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a> Island.<a href="#cite_note-nathist-211">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_American_Samoa-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of American Samoa-related articles">Index of American Samoa-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in American Samoa">List of lakes in American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_American_Samoa" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in American Samoa">List of National Natural Landmarks in American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_American_Samoa" title="List of people from American Samoa">List of people from American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_American_Samoa" title="Outline of American Samoa">Outline of American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Despite being under the sovereignty of the United States since 1900, American Samoa has not been fully <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Incorporated_vs._unincorporated_territories" title="Territories of the United States">incorporated</a> into the country for constitutional purposes.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> See the page for the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Cases#Background" title="Insular Cases">Insular Cases</a> for more information. </li> <li id="cite_note-capital-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capital_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capital_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capital_3-2">c</a> The constitution specifies the seat of government at <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">legislature</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">High Court</a> and District Court are located.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-highcourt-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-districtcourt-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa-69">[66]</a> The executive office building is located in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Utulei,_American_Samoa" title="Utulei, American Samoa">Utulei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-executive-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-npsmap-68">[65]</a> These two villages are located along <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_Harbor" title="Pago Pago Harbor">Pago Pago Harbor</a>, whose largest village is <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>. Many sources list Pago Pago as the capital, referring to the whole agglomeration around the harbor.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>: Amerika Sāmoa, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[aˈmɛɾika ˈsaːmʊa]</a>; also Amelika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> To travel to American Samoa, U.S. nationals need to show proof of existing residence or future employment in American Samoa, or a ticket for future departure from the territory.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> However, once there, U.S. nationals may reside indefinitely and cannot be deported.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> An American Samoan law of 1962 defined 14 counties.<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> The constitution of 1967, signed by delegates from these 14 counties, established 15 counties from then on, separating Fofo from Lealataua.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-65">[62]</a> The election law was later revised accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> However, the U.S. Census Bureau continues to list 14 counties, treating Fofo as part of Lealataua.<a href="#cite_note-census-counties-5">[3]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/us-territories-introduction/">"U.S. Territories – Developments in the Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a>. April 10, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Review&rft.atitle=U.S.+Territories+%E2%80%93+Developments+in+the+Law&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharvardlawreview.org%2Fprint%2Fvol-130%2Fus-territories-introduction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAfactbook-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_4-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/american-samoa/">"American Samoa"</a>. The World Factbook. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129115310/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/american-samoa/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=American+Samoa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Famerican-samoa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-counties-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census-counties_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census-counties_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census-counties_5-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/american-samoa/population-and-housing-unit-counts/american-samoa-phc-table01.pdf">Population of American Samoa: 2010 and 2020</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206171554/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/american-samoa/population-and-housing-unit-counts/american-samoa-phc-table01.pdf">Archived</a> February 6, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-worldbank-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldbank_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbank_6-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/country/American-Samoa">American Samoa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830235807/https://data.worldbank.org/country/American-Samoa">Archived</a> August 30, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, World Bank. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170513045336/https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/general/terr/2016/asgdp_080816.pdf">"Gross domestic product for American Samoa increases for the second year in a row"</a> (PDF). Bureau of Economic Analysis. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/general/terr/2016/asgdp_080816.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 13, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+domestic+product+for+American+Samoa+increases+for+the+second+year+in+a+row&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fnewsreleases%2Fgeneral%2Fterr%2F2016%2Fasgdp_080816.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americansamoa.travel/our-islands">"Our Islands"</a>. American Samoa Visitors Bureau. Retrieved May 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Samoa+Visitors+Bureau&rft.atitle=Our+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americansamoa.travel%2Four-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-social2-10"><a href="#cite_ref-census-social2_10-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=0400000US60&d=DECIA+American+Samoa+Demographic+Profile&tid=DECENNIALDPAS2020.DP2">Selected social characteristics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201074658/https://data.census.gov/table?g=0400000US60&d=DECIA+American+Samoa+Demographic+Profile&tid=DECENNIALDPAS2020.DP2">Archived</a> December 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2020 Decennial Census of the Island Areas, American Samoa demographic profile, U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/american-samoa/#government">"American Samoa"</a>, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, July 11, 2024, retrieved July 24, 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=American+Samoa&rft.date=2024-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Famerican-samoa%2F%23government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131529/http://www.samoanews.com/content/en/local-us-army-recruiting-station-ranked-1-world">"Local US Army recruiting station ranked #1 in the world – Samoa News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoanews.com/content/en/local-us-army-recruiting-station-ranked-1-world">the original</a> on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+US+Army+recruiting+station+ranked+%231+in+the+world+%E2%80%93+Samoa+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoanews.com%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Flocal-us-army-recruiting-station-ranked-1-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalderLambOrr1999" class="citation book cs1">Calder, Alex; Lamb, Jonathan; Orr, Bridget (April 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fIXSBlCRk3EC">Voyages and Beaches: Pacific Encounters, 1769–1840</a>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2039-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2039-8"><bdi>978-0-8248-2039-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094754/https://books.google.com/books?id=fIXSBlCRk3EC">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2023. 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Collocott</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_33_1924/Volume_33,_No._131/An_experiment_in_Tongan_history,_by_E._E._V._Collocott,_p_166-184/p1">"Journal of the Polynesian Society: An Experiment In Tongan History, By E. E. V. Collocott, P 166-184"</a>. www.jps.auckland.ac.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411035225/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_33_1924/Volume_33%2C_No._131/An_experiment_in_Tongan_history%2C_by_E._E._V._Collocott%2C_p_166-184/p1">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jps.auckland.ac.nz&rft.atitle=Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society%3A+An+Experiment+In+Tongan+History%2C+By+E.+E.+V.+Collocott%2C+P+166-184&rft.au=E.+E.+V.+Collocott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2FVolume_33_1924%2FVolume_33%2C_No._131%2FAn_experiment_in_Tongan_history%2C_by_E._E._V._Collocott%2C_p_166-184%2Fp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keating-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keating_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keating_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keating_15-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeating1991" class="citation book cs1">Keating, Barbara (1991). Keating, Barbara; Bolton, Barrie (eds.). The Geology of the Samoan Islands, in Geology and Offshore Mineral Resources of the Central Pacific Basin, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series, Vol. 14. Springer-Verlag. pp. 128–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0387977716" title="Special:BookSources/0387977716"><bdi>0387977716</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geology+of+the+Samoan+Islands%2C+in+Geology+and+Offshore+Mineral+Resources+of+the+Central+Pacific+Basin%2C+Circum-Pacific+Council+for+Energy+and+Mineral+Resources+Earth+Science+Series%2C+Vol.+14&rft.pages=128-129&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0387977716&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1919" class="citation book cs1">Watson, R.M. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503192826/http://www.samoa.co.uk/books/history-of-samoa/history-of-samoa-3.html">History of Samoa: The Advent of the Missionary. (1830. 1839)</a>. Chapter III. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoa.co.uk/books/history-of-samoa/history-of-samoa-3.html">the original</a> on May 3, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Samoa%3A+The+Advent+of+the+Missionary.+%281830.+1839%29&rft.pages=Chapter+III&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoa.co.uk%2Fbooks%2Fhistory-of-samoa%2Fhistory-of-samoa-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanton1975" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, William (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatunitedstate00will/page/132">The Great United States Exploring Expedition</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatunitedstate00will/page/132">132–133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520025571" title="Special:BookSources/0520025571"><bdi>0520025571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+United+States+Exploring+Expedition&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0520025571&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatunitedstate00will%2Fpage%2F132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson,_Robert_Louis1892" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Robert Louis (1892). <a href="/wiki/A_Footnote_to_History:_Eight_Years_of_Trouble_in_Samoa" title="A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa">A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa</a>. BiblioBazaar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4264-0754-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-4264-0754-8"><bdi>1-4264-0754-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Footnote+to+History%3A+Eight+Years+of+Trouble+in+Samoa&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar&rft.date=1892&rft.isbn=1-4264-0754-8&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+Robert+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Ryden, George Herbert. The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. (Reprint by special arrangement with Yale University Press. Originally published at New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928), p. 574. The Tripartite Convention (United States, Germany, Great Britain) was signed at Washington on December 2, 1899, with ratifications exchanged on February 16, 1900. </li> <li id="cite_note-DoI-20"><a href="#cite_ref-DoI_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/american-samoa">"American Samoa Office of Insular Affairs"</a>. www.doi.gov. U.S. Department of the Interior. June 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054757/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/american-samoa">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doi.gov&rft.atitle=American+Samoa+Office+of+Insular+Affairs&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Foia%2Fislands%2Famerican-samoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Ryden, p. 571 </li> <li id="cite_note-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten_22-1">b</a> Lin, Tom C.W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3454210">Americans, Almost and Forgotten</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921093931/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3454210">Archived</a> September 21, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 107 California Law Review (2019) </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoanne_Barker2005" class="citation book cs1">Joanne Barker (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nHp7-BTy57MC&pg=PA109">"Passive Resistance of Samoans to US and Other Colonialisms"</a>. Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-determination. U of Nebraska Press. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-5198-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-5198-X"><bdi>0-8032-5198-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621021648/https://books.google.com/books?id=nHp7-BTy57MC&pg=PA109%2F">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Passive+Resistance+of+Samoans+to+US+and+Other+Colonialisms&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+Matters%3A+Locations+of+Contestation+and+Possibility+in+Indigenous+Struggles+for+Self-determination&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8032-5198-X&rft.au=Joanne+Barker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnHp7-BTy57MC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorensen2006" class="citation news cs1">Sorensen, Stan (July 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926183511/http://americansamoa.gov/tapuitea/2006/Tapuitea60712.pdf">"Historical Notes"</a> (PDF). Tapuitea. p. 2. 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The New Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1620973387" title="Special:BookSources/978-1620973387">978-1620973387</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27945">"Lyndon B. Johnson: Remarks Upon Arrival at Tafuna International Airport, Pago Pago, American Samoa"</a>. Presidency.ucsb.edu. October 18, 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525021435/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27945">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lyndon+B.+Johnson%3A+Remarks+Upon+Arrival+at+Tafuna+International+Airport%2C+Pago+Pago%2C+American+Samoa&rft.pub=Presidency.ucsb.edu&rft.date=1966-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D27945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/apollo.html">"NASA History – The Apollo Program"</a>. History.nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526040334/http://history.nasa.gov/apollo.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+History+%E2%80%93+The+Apollo+Program&rft.pub=History.nasa.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fapollo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node/80385">"Pago Pago's Worst Air Disaster, Pan Am Flight 806, Subject of Documentary"</a>. Samoa News. January 22, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201204749/http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node%2F80385">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2014. 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Lonely Planet Publications. p. 164. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0864422255" title="Special:BookSources/978-0864422255">978-0864422255</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/07/23/man-fatally-shoots-american-samoa-police-officer-outside-courthouse-just/">"Man fatally shoots American Samoa police officer outside courthouse just after hearing"</a>. Fox News. July 23, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223160716/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/07/23/man-fatally-shoots-american-samoa-police-officer-outside-courthouse-just/">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Man+fatally+shoots+American+Samoa+police+officer+outside+courthouse+just+after+hearing&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2F2010%2F07%2F23%2Fman-fatally-shoots-american-samoa-police-officer-outside-courthouse-just%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staradvertiser.com/2010/11/08/breaking-news/clinton-visits-american-samoa-after-two-week-trip-to-asia/">"Clinton visits American Samoa after two-week trip to Asia"</a>. Honolulu Star Advertiser. November 8, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816111258/http://www.staradvertiser.com/2010/11/08/breaking-news/clinton-visits-american-samoa-after-two-week-trip-to-asia/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clinton+visits+American+Samoa+after+two-week+trip+to+Asia&rft.pub=Honolulu+Star+Advertiser&rft.date=2010-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staradvertiser.com%2F2010%2F11%2F08%2Fbreaking-news%2Fclinton-visits-american-samoa-after-two-week-trip-to-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/pacific/329073/us-vice-president-to-dedicate-american-samoa-clinic-to-%27eni%27">"US Vice-President to dedicate American Samoa clinic to 'Eni'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. April 19, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019160557/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/pacific/329073/us-vice-president-to-dedicate-american-samoa-clinic-to-%27eni%27">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=US+Vice-President+to+dedicate+American+Samoa+clinic+to+%27Eni%27&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpacific%2F329073%2Fus-vice-president-to-dedicate-american-samoa-clinic-to-%2527eni%2527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/24/mike-pence-return-home-hawaii-237510">"Pence cutting Pacific trip short"</a>. Politico. April 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020083812/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/24/mike-pence-return-home-hawaii-237510">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Pence+cutting+Pacific+trip+short&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2Fmike-pence-return-home-hawaii-237510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-pence-cuts-short-his-stop-in-hawaii-to-deal-with-domestic-issues/">"Mike Pence cuts short his stop in Hawaii to deal with domestic issues"</a>. CBS News. April 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020083729/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-pence-cuts-short-his-stop-in-hawaii-to-deal-with-domestic-issues/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Mike+Pence+cuts+short+his+stop+in+Hawaii+to+deal+with+domestic+issues&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmike-pence-cuts-short-his-stop-in-hawaii-to-deal-with-domestic-issues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radewagen.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/aumua-and-governor-talk-issues-secretary-state-tillerson">"Aumua And Governor Talk AS Issues With Secretary Of State Tillerson"</a>. June 6, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414111112/https://radewagen.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/aumua-and-governor-talk-issues-secretary-state-tillerson">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aumua+And+Governor+Talk+AS+Issues+With+Secretary+Of+State+Tillerson&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradewagen.house.gov%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-releases%2Faumua-and-governor-talk-issues-secretary-state-tillerson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316150108/http://www.interior.gov/emergency/factsheets/american-samoa-earthquake-and-tsunami-damage.cfm">"American Samoa Earthquake and Tsunami"</a>. U.S. Department of the Interior. October 13, 2009. 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Retrieved September 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa+Earthquake+and+Tsunami&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interior.gov%2Femergency%2Ffactsheets%2Famerican-samoa-earthquake-and-tsunami-damage.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003021152/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090929/ts_nm/us_quake_pacific_7">"Pacific tsunami warning cancelled, Samoa takes brunt"</a>. Reuters. September 29, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090929/ts_nm/us_quake_pacific_7">the original</a> on October 3, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pacific+tsunami+warning+cancelled%2C+Samoa+takes+brunt&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fnm%2F20090929%2Fts_nm%2Fus_quake_pacific_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley2009" class="citation news cs1">Foley, Meraiah (October 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html?hp">"Scores Are Killed as Tsunami Hits Samoa Islands"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511234228/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html?hp">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scores+Are+Killed+as+Tsunami+Hits+Samoa+Islands&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Meraiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F01%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F01tsunami.html%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce2009" class="citation news cs1">Joyce, Stacey (September 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003132335/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090929/ts_nm/us_quake_pacific_2">"8.0 magnitude quake generates tsunami off Samoa islands"</a>. Reuters. 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Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning American Samoa, and consists of a letter to the President from Secretary of Samoan Affairs Leʻiato Tuli"</a>. jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604162507/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKPOF-111-009.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jfklibrary.org&rft.atitle=This+folder+contains+material+collected+by+the+office+of+President+John+F.+Kennedy%27s+secretary%2C+Evelyn+Lincoln%2C+concerning+American+Samoa%2C+and+consists+of+a+letter+to+the+President+from+Secretary+of+Samoan+Affairs+Le%CA%BBiato+Tuli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2FAsset-Viewer%2FArchives%2FJFKPOF-111-009.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_65-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_65-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbar.org/revised-constitution-of-american-samoa">Revised Constitution of American Samoa</a>, American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113214237/http://asbar.org/revised-constitution-of-american-samoa/">Archived</a> January 13, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/4-0105-term-of-office/">4.0105 Term of office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202213645/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/4-0105-term-of-office/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-executive-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-executive_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-executive_67-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/americansamoa-offices">American Samoa Representative and Liaison Offices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301041717/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/americansamoa-offices">Archived</a> March 1, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Department of the Interior. </li> <li id="cite_note-npsmap-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npsmap_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npsmap_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npsmap_68-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/carto/hfc/carto/media/NPSAmap4.pdf">Tutuila Island Map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116050530/https://www.nps.gov/carto/hfc/carto/media/NPSAmap4.pdf">Archived</a> January 16, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, National Park Service. </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noaa_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noaa_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noaa_69-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/smo/triptotula.html">American Samoa Observatory, Trip to Tula</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125190633/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/smo/triptotula.html">Archived</a> January 25, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-0101-vesting-of-judicial-power/">3.0101 Vesting of judicial power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215149/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-0101-vesting-of-judicial-power/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-highcourt-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-highcourt_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-highcourt_71-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-0207-divisions-and-sessions-composition/">3.0207 Divisions and sessions—Composition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215155/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-0207-divisions-and-sessions-composition/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202213647/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-1001-chief-and-associate-justices-appointment/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-1010-district-court-judges-term/">3.1010 District court judges-Term</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215153/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-1010-district-court-judges-term/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-1004-associate-judges-appointment-term/">3.1004 Associate judges-Appointment-Term</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215156/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/3-1004-associate-judges-appointment-term/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._J._H._Grattan1948" class="citation book cs1">F. 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Retrieved February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa+must+consider+independence+%E2%80%93+congressman&rft.pub=Radioaustralia.net.au&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioaustralia.net.au%2Finternational%2Fradio%2Fprogram%2Fpacific-beat%2Famerican-samoa-must-consider-independence-congressman%2F946070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2012-05-18/call-for-independence-discussion-for-american-samoa/946016">"Call for independence discussion for American Samoa"</a>. Radioaustralia.net.au. 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Retrieved February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Call+for+independence+discussion+for+American+Samoa&rft.pub=Radioaustralia.net.au&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioaustralia.net.au%2Finternational%2F2012-05-18%2Fcall-for-independence-discussion-for-american-samoa%2F946016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721">"U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship"</a>. NBC News. Associated Press. 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Retrieved October 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+nationals+born+in+American+Samoa+sue+for+citizenship&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-america%2Fu-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1408">§ 1408</a>. <cite><a href="/wiki/Tuaua_v._United_States" title="Tuaua v. United States">Tuaua v. United States</a></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14728241865713760068">788 F.3d 300</a> (D.C. Cir. 2015).; <cite>Mohammadi v. Islamic Republic of Iran</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7134090926568961634#p15">782 F.3d 9</a>, 15 (D.C. Cir. 2015) ("The sole such statutory provision that presently confers <a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States nationality</a> upon non-citizens is 8 U.S.C. § 1408."). <cite>Matter of Navas-Acosta</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/07/25/3489.pdf">23 I. & N. Dec. 586</a> (<a href="/wiki/Board_of_Immigration_Appeals" title="Board of Immigration Appeals">B.I.A.</a> 2003). 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Retrieved February 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=American+Samoa+Citizenship+Case+Arrives+at+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft.au=Wang%2C+Frances+Kai-Hwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-america%2Famerican-samoa-birthright-citizenship-case-arrives-supreme-court-n510101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite>Fitisemanu v. US</cite>, 426 F. Supp. 3d 1155 (D. Utah December 12, 2019). </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/sites/ca10/files/opinions/010110549371.pdf">Fitisemanu v. United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810162411/https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/sites/ca10/files/opinions/010110549371.pdf">Archived</a> August 10, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nos. 20–4017 & 20–4019 (June 15, 2021). </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWILLIAMS2021" class="citation web cs1">WILLIAMS, MICHAEL (September 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/wethepeopleproject/pages/210/attachments/original/1631800678/Fitisemanu_-_American_Samoa_Response_to_En_Banc_Petition.pdf?1631800678">"INTERVENOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS'BRIEF OPPOSING REHEARING EN BANC"</a> (PDF). Exhibit A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917203238/https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/wethepeopleproject/pages/210/attachments/original/1631800678/Fitisemanu_-_American_Samoa_Response_to_En_Banc_Petition.pdf?1631800678">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INTERVENOR+DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS%27BRIEF+OPPOSING+REHEARING+EN+BANC&rft.pages=Exhibit+A&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=WILLIAMS&rft.aufirst=MICHAEL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net%2Fwethepeopleproject%2Fpages%2F210%2Fattachments%2Foriginal%2F1631800678%2FFitisemanu_-_American_Samoa_Response_to_En_Banc_Petition.pdf%3F1631800678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Sunia, Fofō I. F. (1998). The Story of the Legislature of American Samoa: In Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee 1948–1998. Pago Pago, AS: Legislature of American Samoa. pp. 234–235. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9829008015" title="Special:BookSources/978-9829008015">978-9829008015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/223113-american-samoa-delegate-loses-seat/">"American Samoa delegate loses seat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108134331/http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/223113-american-samoa-delegate-loses-seat">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=American+Samoa+delegate+loses+seat&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fballot-box%2Fhouse-races%2F223113-american-samoa-delegate-loses-seat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aselectionoffice.gov/node/3">Registration information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423092943/https://aselectionoffice.gov/node/3">Archived</a> April 23, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Election Office of American Samoa. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/41-0502-entry-requirements/">41.0502 Entry requirements</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201074653/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/41-0502-entry-requirements/">Archived</a> December 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/immigration-d39/">Immigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201074659/https://asbar.org/immigration-d39/">Archived</a> December 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-638">American Samoa: Performing a Risk Assessment Would Better Inform U.S. Agencies of the Risks Related to Acceptance of Certificates of Identity</a>, U.S. Government Accountability Office, June 11, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133123/http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-638">Archived</a> November 16, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalaffairs.as.gov/copy-of-immigration-office-1">Immigration Office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327232447/https://www.legalaffairs.as.gov/copy-of-immigration-office-1">Archived</a> March 27, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1101#a_36">§ 1101(a)(36)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1101#a_38">§ 1101(a)(38)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/guides/chapter4.pdf">Who is eligible for naturalization?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114235649/https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/guides/chapter4.pdf">Archived</a> January 14, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, A Guide to Naturalization, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samoanews.com/opinion/op-ed-lamentations-third-class-american-samoan-citizen">Op-ed: "Lamentations of a third-class American Samoan citizen"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112121648/https://www.samoanews.com/opinion/op-ed-lamentations-third-class-american-samoan-citizen">Archived</a> January 12, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Samoa News, July 23, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-d-chapter-3">Volume 12, Part D, Chapter 3 – Continuous Residence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111072644/https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-d-chapter-3">Archived</a> January 11, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-d-chapter-4">Chapter 4 – Physical Presence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125175148/https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-d-chapter-4">Archived</a> January 25, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Policy Manual, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, December 15, 2020. Until November 28, 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> were also not treated as a state for the purposes of maintaining U.S. permanent residence or physical presence for naturalization. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf">Instructions for Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109104016/https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf">Archived</a> January 9, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Samoa_Bar_Association" class="citation web cs1">American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">"Craddick v. Territorial Registrar 1980 1ASR2d10"</a>. American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094755/https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft.atitle=Craddick+v.+Territorial+Registrar+1980+1ASR2d10&rft.au=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasbar.org%2Fcase-law%2F1asr2d10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Samoa_Bar_Association" class="citation web cs1">American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/37-0201-definitions">"American Samoa Code Annotated 37.0201 Definitions"</a>. American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610140646/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/37-0201-definitions/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft.atitle=American+Samoa+Code+Annotated+37.0201+Definitions&rft.au=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasbar.org%2Fcode-annotated%2F37-0201-definitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstitute_of_Island_Studies,_University_of_Prince_Edward_Island" class="citation web cs1">Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/American-Samoa.pdf">"American Samoa"</a> (PDF). Institute of Island Studies, UPEI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319165046/https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/American-Samoa.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Island+Studies%2C+UPEI&rft.atitle=American+Samoa&rft.au=Institute+of+Island+Studies%2C+University+of+Prince+Edward+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislandstudies.com%2Ffiles%2F2016%2F11%2FAmerican-Samoa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Samoa_Bar_Association" class="citation web cs1">American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">"Craddick v. Territorial Registrar 1980 1ASR2d10"</a>. American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094755/https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft.atitle=Craddick+v.+Territorial+Registrar+1980+1ASR2d10&rft.au=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasbar.org%2Fcase-law%2F1asr2d10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Samoa_Bar_Association" class="citation web cs1">American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">"Craddick v. Territorial Registrar 1980 1ASR2d10"</a>. American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094755/https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft.atitle=Craddick+v.+Territorial+Registrar+1980+1ASR2d10&rft.au=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasbar.org%2Fcase-law%2F1asr2d10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radiolab-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Radiolab_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Longoria2019" class="citation web cs1">Julia Longoria (April 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/americanish">"Americanish"</a> (Audio Podcast with Notes). Radiolab. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430154326/https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/americanish">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radiolab&rft.atitle=Americanish&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.au=Julia+Longoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnycstudios.org%2Fstory%2Famericanish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Samoa_Bar_Association" class="citation web cs1">American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">"Craddick v. Territorial Registrar 1980 1ASR2d10"</a>. American Samoa Bar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094755/https://asbar.org/case-law/1asr2d10/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft.atitle=Craddick+v.+Territorial+Registrar+1980+1ASR2d10&rft.au=American+Samoa+Bar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasbar.org%2Fcase-law%2F1asr2d10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ws.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/samoan-history/">Samoan history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513160552/https://ws.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/samoan-history/">Archived</a> May 13, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Embassy in Samoa. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/5-0102-division-of-districts-into-counties/">5.0102 Division of districts into counties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215151/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/5-0102-division-of-districts-into-counties/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Annontated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/2-0202-districts/">2.0202 Districts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215152/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/2-0202-districts/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Annontated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/2-0302-districts/">2.0302 Districts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202213642/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/2-0302-districts/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Annontated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/6-0102-definitions/">6.0102 Definitions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215152/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/6-0102-definitions/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Annontated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd116/cd_based/ST60/CD116_AS00.pdf">116th Congress of the United States, American Samoa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204201454/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd116/cd_based/ST60/CD116_AS00.pdf">Archived</a> February 4, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statoids.com/uas.html">"Districts of American Samoa"</a>. Statoids. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080421140339/http://www.statoids.com/uas.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Districts+of+American+Samoa&rft.pub=Statoids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statoids.com%2Fuas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOI-120"><a href="#cite_ref-DOI_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091009111944/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/asgpage.htm">"Insular Area Summary for American Samoa"</a>. U.S. Department of the Interior. April 6, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/asgpage.htm">the original</a> on October 9, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Insular+Area+Summary+for+American+Samoa&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Foia%2FIslandpages%2Fasgpage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Rauzon, Mark J. (2016). Isles of Amnesia: The History, Geography, and Restoration of America's Forgotten Pacific Islands. University of Hawaiʻi Press, Latitude 20. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824846794" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824846794">978-0824846794</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/habitat-conservation/rose-atoll-marine-national-monument">Rose Atoll Marine National Monument</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219113425/https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/habitat-conservation/rose-atoll-marine-national-monument">Archived</a> February 19, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Harris, Ann G. and Esther Tuttle (2004). Geology of National Parks. Kendall Hunt. p. 603. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0787299705" title="Special:BookSources/978-0787299705">978-0787299705</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2000" class="citation journal cs1">Hart, S.R.; et al. (December 8, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pubs/docs/hart2243.pdf">"Vailuluʻu undersea volcano: The New Samoa"</a> (PDF). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Research Letter, Vol. 1. Paper number 2000GC000108. 1 (12). <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Marine_Environmental_Laboratory" title="Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory">Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>: n/a. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000GGG.....1.1056H">2000GGG.....1.1056H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2000GC000108">10.1029/2000GC000108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1525-2027">1525-2027</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514032601/http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pubs/docs/hart2243.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 14, 2011. 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American Samoa Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215154/https://asbar.org/case-law/american-samoa-govt-naber-v/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2209">26 U.S. Code § 2209. Certain residents of possessions considered nonresidents not citizens of the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725054103/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2209">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Legal Information Institute. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2208">26 U.S. Code § 2208. Certain residents of possessions considered citizens of the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725045811/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2208">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Legal Information Institute. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academiajurisprudenciapr.org/citizenship-spurious-distinctions-for-tax-purposes/">Citizenship: Spurious Distinctions for Tax Purposes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923083239/https://www.academiajurisprudenciapr.org/citizenship-spurious-distinctions-for-tax-purposes/">Archived</a> September 23, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Noel González Miranda, Puerto Rican Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/legal-resources/code-annotated/code-annotated-by-title-and-chapter/">Code Annotated by Title and Chapter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202213646/https://asbar.org/legal-resources/code-annotated/code-annotated-by-title-and-chapter/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1040nr">Instructions for Form 1040-NR, U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725061533/https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1040nr">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Internal Revenue Service, April 3, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na">Instructions for Form 706-NA, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return, Estate of nonresident not a citizen of the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725061355/https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Internal Revenue Service, July 2, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i709">Instructions for Form 709, United States Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425085332/https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i709">Archived</a> April 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Internal Revenue Service, December 19, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Renunciaton-USCitizenship-persons-claiming-right-residence.html">Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship by persons claiming right of residence in the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200424104436/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Renunciaton-USCitizenship-persons-claiming-right-residence.html">Archived</a> April 24, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Department of State. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Certificates-Non-Citizen-Nationality.html">Certificates of Non Citizen Nationality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531235348/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Certificates-Non-Citizen-Nationality.html">Archived</a> May 31, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Department of State. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pireport.org/articles/2017/09/27/american-samoa-sales-tax-plan-hold">American Samoa Sales Tax Plan On Hold</a>, Pacific Islands Report, September 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725051659/http://www.pireport.org/articles/2017/09/27/american-samoa-sales-tax-plan-hold">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samoanews.com/local-news/excise-tax-increased-tuesday-week-%E2%80%94-beer-prices-go-too">Excise tax increased as of Tuesday, this week — beer prices go up too</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725062308/https://www.samoanews.com/local-news/excise-tax-increased-tuesday-week-%E2%80%94-beer-prices-go-too">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Samoa News, April 26, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/19/101.1">19 CFR § 101.1 – Definitions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507192933/https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/19/101.1">Archived</a> May 7, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Legal Information Institute. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/19/7.2">19 CFR § 7.2 – Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725052321/https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/19/7.2">Archived</a> July 25, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Legal Information Institute. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2012/07/04/most-expensive-internet-in-america-samoa-broadband-interview/">The most expensive internet in America: fighting to bring affordable broadband to American Samoa</a>, Engadget, July 4, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043205/https://www.engadget.com/2012/07/04/most-expensive-internet-in-america-samoa-broadband-interview/">Archived</a> December 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalabrese,_MichaelDaniel_CalarcoColin_Richardson2012" class="citation web cs1">Calabrese, Michael; Daniel Calarco; Colin Richardson (May 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/technology/2012/05/internet-access-and-cost-in-american-samoa-northern-marianas-islands-guam.html">"The Most Expensive Internet in America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218143415/https://slate.com/technology/2012/05/internet-access-and-cost-in-american-samoa-northern-marianas-islands-guam.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Most+Expensive+Internet+in+America&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft.au=Calabrese%2C+Michael&rft.au=Daniel+Calarco&rft.au=Colin+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2012%2F05%2Finternet-access-and-cost-in-american-samoa-northern-marianas-islands-guam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbar.org/code-annotated/22-0323-speed-limits/">22.0323 Speed limits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202213646/https://asbar.org/code-annotated/22-0323-speed-limits/">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Code Annotated, American Samoa Bar Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoanews.com/local-news/freedom-run-and-obstacle-course-back-third-year">"Freedom Run and Obstacle Course back for third year"</a>. www.samoanews.com. June 11, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818220906/http://www.samoanews.com/local-news/freedom-run-and-obstacle-course-back-third-year">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samoanews.com&rft.atitle=Freedom+Run+and+Obstacle+Course+back+for+third+year&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoanews.com%2Flocal-news%2Ffreedom-run-and-obstacle-course-back-third-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americansamoa.travel/accommodation-transport">Accommodation and transport</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202213650/https://www.americansamoa.travel/accommodation-transport">Archived</a> December 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Samoa Visitors Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frommers.com/destinations/american-samoa/planning-a-trip">Frommer's – Planning a trip in American Samoa</a>. Retrieved August 30, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814172129/https://www.frommers.com/destinations/american-samoa/planning-a-trip">Archived</a> August 14, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/american-samoa/population-and-housing-unit-counts/american-samoa-phc-table02.pdf">2020 census population of American Samoa: village</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207042526/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/american-samoa/population-and-housing-unit-counts/american-samoa-phc-table02.pdf">Archived</a> December 7, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-census-social-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census-social_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census-social_177-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=0400000US60&d=DECIA+American+Samoa+Demographic+Profile&tid=DECENNIALDPAS2020.DP2">Selected social characteristics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201074658/https://data.census.gov/table?g=0400000US60&d=DECIA+American+Samoa+Demographic+Profile&tid=DECENNIALDPAS2020.DP2">Archived</a> December 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2020 Decennial Census of the Island Areas, American Samoa demographic profile, U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zip-codes.com/city/AS-PAGO-PAGO.asp">"Pago Pago, AS"</a>. Zip-Codes.com. Datasheer, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100226055132/http://www.zip-codes.com/city/AS-PAGO-PAGO.asp">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zip-Codes.com&rft.atitle=Pago+Pago%2C+AS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zip-codes.com%2Fcity%2FAS-PAGO-PAGO.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usps.com/send/official-abbreviations.htm">"Official USPS Abbreviations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728013026/https://www.usps.com/send/official-abbreviations.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+USPS+Abbreviations&rft.pub=United+States+Postal+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usps.com%2Fsend%2Fofficial-abbreviations.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-general-180"><a href="#cite_ref-census-general_180-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=0400000US60&d=DECIA+American+Samoa+Demographic+Profile&tid=DECENNIALDPAS2020.DP1">General demographic characteristics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201074650/https://data.census.gov/table?g=0400000US60&d=DECIA+American+Samoa+Demographic+Profile&tid=DECENNIALDPAS2020.DP1">Archived</a> December 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2020 Decennial Census of the Island Areas, American Samoa demographic profile, U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.talanei.com/2022/04/06/governor-signs-samoan-language-commission-law/">Governor signs Samoan Language Commission law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201074653/https://www.talanei.com/2022/04/06/governor-signs-samoan-language-commission-law/">Archived</a> December 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Talanei, April 6, 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_5_2.asp">"American Samoa: Adherents Profile at the Association of Religion Data Archives, World Christian Database"</a>. Thearda.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623082859/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_5_2.asp">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa%3A+Adherents+Profile+at+the+Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives%2C+World+Christian+Database&rft.pub=Thearda.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FinternationalData%2Fcountries%2FCountry_5_2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/american-samoa">"2022 LDS Facts and Statistics"</a>. Mormonnewsroom.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628010131/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/american-samoa">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+LDS+Facts+and+Statistics&rft.pub=Mormonnewsroom.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Ffacts-and-statistics%2Fcountry%2Famerican-samoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/worldwide/AS/">"American Samoa: How Many Jehovah's Witnesses Are There?"</a>. 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Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Taika+Waititi%27s+Next+Goal+Wins+Kicks+Box+Office+Release+to+November+2023&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.aulast=McClintock&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-news%2Ftaika-waititis-next-goal-wins-pushes-box-office-release-1235372281%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rugbyleagueplanet1-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rugbyleagueplanet1_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rugbyleagueplanet1_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rugbyleagueplanet.com/RLP/Nations/AmericanSamoa.htm">"American Samoa"</a>. Rugby League Planet. November 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111216121355/http://www.rugbyleagueplanet.com/RLP/Nations/AmericanSamoa.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa&rft.pub=Rugby+League+Planet&rft.date=2011-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rugbyleagueplanet.com%2FRLP%2FNations%2FAmericanSamoa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205830/http://www.oceaniarugby.com/041108_island_all_blacks.html/ref/582">"The first Island men to play for the All Blacks"</a>. Oceania Rugby. November 4, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceaniarugby.com/041108_island_all_blacks.html/ref/582">the original</a> on August 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+Island+men+to+play+for+the+All+Blacks&rft.pub=Oceania+Rugby&rft.date=2008-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oceaniarugby.com%2F041108_island_all_blacks.html%2Fref%2F582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nzhKaino-207"><a href="#cite_ref-nzhKaino_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrott2011" class="citation web cs1">Perrott, Alan (August 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/jerome-kaino-the-enforcer/PPSU2BL5OC6CGD34VYHL4SJYOI/">"Jerome Kaino: The enforcer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630024608/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/jerome-kaino-the-enforcer/PPSU2BL5OC6CGD34VYHL4SJYOI/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Jerome+Kaino%3A+The+enforcer&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft.aulast=Perrott&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsport%2Fjerome-kaino-the-enforcer%2FPPSU2BL5OC6CGD34VYHL4SJYOI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoanews.com/park-usage-numbers-increase-despite-major-problems-vandalism-and-limited-facilities">"Park usage numbers increase despite major problems with vandalism and limited facilities"</a>. www.samoanews.com. February 25, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723074213/http://www.samoanews.com/park-usage-numbers-increase-despite-major-problems-vandalism-and-limited-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samoanews.com&rft.atitle=Park+usage+numbers+increase+despite+major+problems+with+vandalism+and+limited+facilities&rft.date=2013-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoanews.com%2Fpark-usage-numbers-increase-despite-major-problems-vandalism-and-limited-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldin-2002-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldin-2002_209-6">g</a> Goldin, Meryl Rose (2002). Field Guide to the Samoan Archipelago: Fish, Wildlife, and Protected Areas. Bess Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573061117" title="Special:BookSources/9781573061117">9781573061117</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> Butcher, Russell D. and Lynn P. Whitaker (1999). National Parks and Conservation Association Guide to National Parks: Pacific Region. Globe Pequot Press. p. 82. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762705733" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762705733">978-0762705733</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-nathist-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nathist_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nathist_211-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nathist_211-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nathist_211-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nathist_211-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/npsa/learn/nature/upload/NatHistGuideAS09.pdf">Natural History Guide to American Samoa</a>, National Park Service, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224140326/https://www.nps.gov/npsa/learn/nature/upload/NatHistGuideAS09.pdf">Natural History Guide to American Samoa, 3rd Edition</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived February 24, 2017) </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecoadapt.org/data/documents/AmericanSamoa_VASummary_SeaTurtles.pdf">"American Samoa Sea Turtles"</a> (PDF). EcoAdapt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807174757/http://ecoadapt.org/data/documents/AmericanSamoa_VASummary_SeaTurtles.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa+Sea+Turtles&rft.pub=EcoAdapt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecoadapt.org%2Fdata%2Fdocuments%2FAmericanSamoa_VASummary_SeaTurtles.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Samoa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5094344.pdf">Status of Sea Turtles in American Samoa in 1991</a>, Natasha Tuatoʻo-Bartley, Thomas E. Morrell, and Peter Craig, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, 1993, p. 218. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203002919/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5094344.pdf">Archived</a> December 3, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> Nichols, Wallace J. and Brad Nahill (2014). A Worldwide Travel Guide To Sea Turtles. Texas A&M University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1623491741" title="Special:BookSources/978-1623491741">978-1623491741</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> Weaver, Sigourney (2020). America's Marine Sanctuaries: A Photographic Exploration. Smithsonian. Page 202. ISBN 9781588346667. </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> Haberle, Simon and Janelle Stevenson (2010). Altered Ecologies: Fire, Climate and Human Influence on Terrestrial Landscapes. ANU E Press. p. 102. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1921666810" title="Special:BookSources/978-1921666810">978-1921666810</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> Fleming, Theodore H. and Paul A. Racey (2010). Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. p. 432. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226253312" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226253312">978-0226253312</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/npsa/learn/management/upload/npsagmpeis1997textop.pdf">National Park of American Samoa, General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement</a>, National Park Service, 1997, pp. 129, 131. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228084447/https://www.nps.gov/npsa/learn/management/upload/npsagmpeis1997textop.pdf">Archived</a> February 28, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> Stanley, David (2004). Moon Handbooks South Pacific. Moon Travel Guides. p. 483. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566914116" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566914116">978-1566914116</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> Stanley, David (1996). South Pacific Handbook. David Stanley. p. 417. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566910408" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566910408">978-1566910408</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> Stanley, David (1999). Moon Handbooks Tonga-Samoa. Moon Travel Guides. p. 180. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566911740" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566911740">978-1566911740</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Stanley, David (1982). South Pacific Handbook. David Stanley. p. 155. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0960332236" title="Special:BookSources/978-0960332236">978-0960332236</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Haberle, Simon and Janelle Stevenson (2010). Altered Ecologies: Fire, Climate and Human Influence on Terrestrial Landscapes. ANU E Press. pp. 102–103. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1921666810" title="Special:BookSources/978-1921666810">978-1921666810</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Watling-Rinke-2001-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watling-Rinke-2001_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watling-Rinke-2001_224-1">b</a> Watling, Dick and Dieter R. Rinke (2001). A Guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia, Including American Samoa, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Wallis & Futuna. Environmental Consultants. p. 246. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9829047014" title="Special:BookSources/978-9829047014">978-9829047014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> Muse, Corey and Shirley (1982). The Birds of Birdlore of Samoa. Pioneer Press. p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0936546056" title="Special:BookSources/978-0936546056">978-0936546056</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> Faiʻivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tuʻu Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. p. 59. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1546229070" title="Special:BookSources/978-1546229070">978-1546229070</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_American_Samoa" title="Bibliography of American Samoa">Bibliography of American Samoa</a></div> <ul><li>Ellison, Joseph (1938). Opening and Penetration of Foreign Influence in Samoa to 1880. Corvallis: Oregon State College.</li> <li>Sunia, Fofo (1988). The Story of the Legislature of American Samoa. Pago Pago: American Samoa Legislature.</li> <li>Meti, Lauofo (2002). Samoa: The Making of the Constitution. Apia: Government of Samoa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> American Samoa at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/American_Samoa" class="extiw" title="wikt:American Samoa">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_Samoa" class="extiw" title="c:Category:American Samoa">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:American_Samoa" class="extiw" title="n:Category:American Samoa">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:American_Samoa" class="extiw" title="s:Category:American Samoa">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/American_Samoa" class="extiw" title="voy:American Samoa">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16641" class="extiw" title="d:Q16641">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americansamoa.gov/">AmericanSamoa.gov</a> – official government website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samoanbios.com/">Samoan Bios</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522033356/http://samoanbios.com/">Archived</a> May 22, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_American_Samoa" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of American Samoa">Wikimedia Atlas of American Samoa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prh.noaa.gov/samoa/">NOAA's National Weather Service – American Samoa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_data">Country data</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Country data">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/american-samoa/">American Samoa</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_5_1.asp">American Samoa</a>, national profile from the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territory_of_American_Samoa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Samoa" title="Template:American Samoa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Samoa" title="Template talk:American Samoa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Samoa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Samoa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territory_of_American_Samoa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Samoa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a> (capital), <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_American_Samoa" title="Outline of American Samoa">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_American_Samoa" title="Bibliography of American Samoa">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_Samoa" title="History of American Samoa">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami">2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of American Samoa">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_American_Samoa" title="List of birds of American Samoa">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_American_Samoa" title="List of mammals of American Samoa">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_American_Samoa" title="List of reptiles of American Samoa">Reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_American_Samoa" title="Geology of American Samoa">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_of_American_Samoa" title="National Park of American Samoa">National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_American_Samoa" title="Protected areas of American Samoa">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_American_Samoa" title="Template:Protected areas of American Samoa">Template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Superfund_sites_in_American_Samoa" title="List of Superfund sites in American Samoa">Superfund sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainmaker_Mountain" title="Rainmaker Mountain">Rainmaker Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matafao_Peak" title="Matafao Peak">Matafao Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%CA%BBava_Strait" title="Vaiʻava Strait">Vaiʻava Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Taputapu" title="Cape Taputapu">Cape Taputapu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_American_Samoa" title="Politics of American Samoa">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_American_Samoa" title="Constitution of American Samoa">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Delegates_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from American Samoa">Delegates to US Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_American_Samoa" title="Elections in American Samoa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_American_Samoa" title="Government of American Samoa">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_American_Samoa" title="List of governors of American Samoa">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_American_Samoa" title="First Lady of American Samoa">First Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_American_Samoa" title="Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa">Lieutenant Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_American_Samoa" title="Judiciary of American Samoa">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="American Samoa Department of Public Safety">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">Legislature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_House_of_Representatives" title="American Samoa House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_American_Samoa" title="Political party strength in American Samoa">Political party strength</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_American_Samoa" title="Economy of American Samoa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_American_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in American Samoa">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.as" title=".as">Internet domain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in American Samoa">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_Tropical_Medical_Center" title="LBJ Tropical Medical Center">LBJ Tropical Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Samoa_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of American Samoa locations by per capita income">Per capita income</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Airports" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_American_Samoa" title="List of airports in American Samoa">Airports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_International_Airport" title="Pago Pago International Airport">Pago Pago Int'l</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitiuta_Airport" title="Fitiuta Airport">Fitiuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofu_Airport" title="Ofu Airport">Ofu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Airport" title="Tau Airport">Tau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of American Samoa">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_American_Samoa" title="Demographics of American Samoa">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_American_Samoa" title="LGBT rights in American Samoa">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_American_Samoa" title="Sports in American Samoa">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_American_Samoa" title="Soccer in American Samoa">Soccer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Samoa_territorial_symbols" title="List of American Samoa territorial symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Samoa" title="Amerika Samoa">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_American_Samoa" title="Flag of American Samoa">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_American_Samoa" title="Seal of American Samoa">Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">NRHP listings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:NRHP_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="Template:NRHP listings in American Samoa">Template</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Department_of_Education" title="American Samoa Department of Education">Dept. of Ed.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Community_College" title="American Samoa Community College">Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leone_High_School" title="Leone High School">Leone HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoana_High_School" title="Samoana High School">Samoana HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feleti_Barstow_Public_Library" title="Feleti Barstow Public Library">Feleti Barstow Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_St._Joseph_the_Worker_(Fagatogo,_American_Samoa)" title="Co-Cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker (Fagatogo, American Samoa)">Co-Cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_in_American_Samoa" title="Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa">Congregational Christian Church in AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_American_Samoa" title="Islam in American Samoa">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_American_Samoa" title="Administrative divisions of American Samoa">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_American_Samoa" title="Eastern District, American Samoa">Eastern District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_District,_American_Samoa" title="Western District, American Samoa">Western District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuʻa District">Manuʻa District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States#American_Samoa" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BB%C5%AB" title="Taʻū">Taʻū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu‑Olosega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll" title="Rose Atoll">Rose Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_American_Samoa" title="Administrative divisions of American Samoa">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%CA%BBasu,_American_Samoa" title="Aʻasu, American Samoa">Aʻasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afao" class="mw-redirect" title="Afao">Afao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80fono" class="mw-redirect" title="Āfono">Āfono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agugulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agugulu">Agugulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alao" class="mw-redirect" title="Alao">Alao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaufau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaufau (page does not exist)">Alaufau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alega" class="mw-redirect" title="Alega">Ālega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alofau" class="mw-redirect" title="Alofau">Ālōfau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalau_Valley" title="Amalau Valley">Amalau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaluia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaluia">Amaluia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAmanave" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻAmanave">ʻAmanave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaua" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaua">Amaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amouli" class="mw-redirect" title="Amouli">Āmouli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anua" class="mw-redirect" title="Anua">Ānua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAoa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻAoa">ʻAoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%CA%BBoloau" class="mw-redirect" title="Aʻoloau">Aʻoloau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asili" class="mw-redirect" title="Asili">Asili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Atuʻu">Atuʻu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aua,_American_Samoa" title="Aua, American Samoa">ʻAūa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAu%CA%BBasi" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻAuʻasi">ʻAuʻasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%CA%BBumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aʻumi">Aʻumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunu%CA%BBu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunuʻu">Aunuʻu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto,_American_Samoa" title="Auto, American Samoa">Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avaio,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avaio, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Avaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etena,_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Etena, American Samoa">Etena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faga%CA%BBalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagaʻalu">Fagaʻalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faga%CA%BBitua" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagaʻitua">Fagaʻitua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagali%CA%BBi" title="Fagaliʻi">Fagaliʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagamalo,_American_Samoa" title="Fagamalo, American Samoa">Fagamalo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faganeanea,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faganeanea, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Faganeanea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagas%C4%81,_American_Samoa" title="Fagasā, American Samoa">Fagasā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaloa" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaloa">Malaloa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiava,_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Faiava, American Samoa">Faiava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBilolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Faʻilolo">Faʻilolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faleasao" class="mw-redirect" title="Faleasao">Faleāsao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faleniu" class="mw-redirect" title="Faleniu">Faleniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatumafuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatumafuti">Fatumafuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitiuta,_American_Samoa" title="Fitiuta, American Samoa">Fitiuta</a> (Maia and Leusoaliʻi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Futiga">Fūtiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBIli%CA%BBili" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻIliʻili">ʻIliʻili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalomoana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalomoana">Lalomoana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauli%CA%BBi,_American_Samoa" title="Lauliʻi, American Samoa">Lauliʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leloaloa,_American_Samoa" title="Leloaloa, American Samoa">Leloaloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leone,_American_Samoa" title="Leone, American Samoa">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luma,_American_Samoa" title="Luma, American Samoa">Lumā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaeimi,_American_Samoa" title="Malaeimi, American Samoa">Malaeimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaeloa/Aitulagi,_American_Samoa" title="Malaeloa/Aitulagi, American Samoa">Malaeloa/Aitulagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaeloa/Ituau" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaeloa/Ituau">Malaeola/Itūʻau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maloata,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maloata, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Mālōatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapusaga,_American_Samoa" title="Mapusaga, American Samoa">Mapusaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masausi,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masausi, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Masausi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masefau,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masefau, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Masefau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matu%CA%BBu,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matuʻu, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Matuʻu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesepa">Mesepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%CA%BBuuli,_American_Samoa" title="Nuʻuuli, American Samoa">Nuʻuuli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nua,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nua, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Ofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofu-Olosega" title="Ofu-Olosega">Olosega</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onenoa,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onenoa, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Onenoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagai">Pagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pava%CA%BBia%CA%BBi,_American_Samoa" title="Pavaʻiaʻi, American Samoa">Pavaʻiaʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poloa,_American_Samoa" title="Poloa, American Samoa">Poloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%CA%BBilele,_American_Samoa" title="Saʻilele, American Samoa">Saʻilele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satala,_American_Samoa" title="Satala, American Samoa">Satala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%CA%BBetaga,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seʻetaga, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Seʻetaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Si%CA%BBufaga,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siʻufaga, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Siʻufaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sili,_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sili, American Samoa">Sili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Taulaga">Taulaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Tāfuna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoville,_American_Samoa" title="Ottoville, American Samoa">Ottoville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taputimu,_American_Samoa" title="Taputimu, American Samoa">Taputimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_American_Samoa" title="Tula, American Samoa">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utulei,_American_Samoa" title="Utulei, American Samoa">Utulei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utumea_East,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utumea East, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Utumea East</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utumea_West,_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utumea West, American Samoa (page does not exist)">Utumea West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vailoatai,_American_Samoa" title="Vailoatai, American Samoa">Vailoatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaitogi">Vaitogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatia,_American_Samoa" title="Vatia, American Samoa">Vatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polynesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polynesia" title="Template:Polynesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polynesia" title="Template talk:Polynesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polynesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polynesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polynesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Triangle" title="Polynesian Triangle">Polynesian triangle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austral_Islands" title="Austral Islands">Austral Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambier_Islands" title="Gambier Islands">Gambier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotuma" title="Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Salas_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Isla Salas y Gómez">Salas y Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_outlier" title="Polynesian outlier">Polynesian outliers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniwa_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniwa Island">Aniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuta" title="Anuta">Anuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellona_Island" title="Bellona Island">Bellona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duff_Islands" title="Duff Islands">Duff Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emae" title="Emae">Emae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna_Island,_Vanuatu" title="Futuna Island, Vanuatu">Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapingamarangi" title="Kapingamarangi">Kapingamarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele_(island)" title="Mele (island)">Mele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuguria" title="Nuguria">Nuguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukumanu_Islands" title="Nukumanu Islands">Nukumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuoro" title="Nukuoro">Nukuoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_Atoll" title="Ontong Java Atoll">Ontong Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouv%C3%A9a" title="Ouvéa">Ouvéa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileni" title="Pileni">Pileni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennell_Island" title="Rennell Island">Rennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaiana" title="Sikaiana">Sikaiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuu_Atoll" title="Takuu Atoll">Takuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikopia" title="Tikopia">Tikopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polynesian-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territories_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_act" title="Organic act">Organic act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States#Former_organized_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Organized incorporated territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">U.S. territorial sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest</a> (1787–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest</a> (1790–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a> (1798–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana</a> (1800–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Orleans</a> (1804–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Territory" title="Louisiana Territory">Louisiana</a>/<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a> (1805–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a> (1805–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois</a> (1809–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory" title="Alabama Territory">Alabama</a> (1817–1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Territory" title="Arkansas Territory">Arkansas</a> (1819–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida</a> (1822–1845)</li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> 1834–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Panhandle</a> 1850–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Territory</a> 1890–1907</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory" title="Wisconsin Territory">Wisconsin</a> (1836–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Territory" title="Iowa Territory">Iowa</a> (1838–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon</a> (1848–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Territory" title="Minnesota Territory">Minnesota</a> (1849–1858)</li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._provisional_government_of_New_Mexico" title="U.S. provisional government of New Mexico">Provisional</a> 1846–1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">Territory</a> 1850–1912</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah</a> (1850–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington</a> (1853–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas</a> (1854–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">Nebraska</a> (1854–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory" title="Colorado Territory">Colorado</a> (1861–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota</a> (1861–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho</a> (1863–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona</a> (1863–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana</a> (1864–1889)</li> <li>Alaska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Department</a> 1867–1884</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">District</a> 1884–1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory</a> 1912–1959</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming</a> (1868–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (1900–1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Incorporated_vs._unincorporated_territories" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Government_of_Guam" title="Naval Government of Guam">Naval Government</a> 1899–1950)</li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands">Military Government</a> 1899–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Insular Government</a> 1902–1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> 1935–1946</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_Porto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of Porto Rico">Military Government</a> 1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_Porto_Rico" title="Insular Government of Porto Rico">Insular Government</a> 1900–1952</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Samoa</a> (1900–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> (1917–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (1986–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a> and other inhabited territories governed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Concession_(Shanghai)" title="American Concession (Shanghai)">American concession of Shanghai</a> (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_concession_of_Tianjin" title="American concession of Tianjin">American concession of Tianjin</a> (1860–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Government_of_Cuba" title="Military Government of Cuba">Cuba</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> (1903–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a> (1914–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_and_Enderbury_Islands" title="Canton and Enderbury Islands">Canton and Enderbury Islands</a> (1939–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands#Navy_Time" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a> (1945–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Islands#History" title="Volcano Islands">Volcano Islands</a> (1945–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> (1947–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Administration_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> (1950–1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act</a> claims and other <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">uninhabited islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> (1856–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncador_Bank" title="Roncador Bank">Roncador Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrana_Bank" title="Serrana Bank">Serrana Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a> (1857–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a> (1860–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Islands,_Honduras" title="Swan Islands, Honduras">Swan Islands</a> (1863–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quita_Sue%C3%B1o_Bank" title="Quita Sueño Bank">Quita Sueño Bank</a> (1869–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a> (1898–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> (1899–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Territories of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Subdivisions of the United States">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_census_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCensus_Geography" title="Template:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCensus_Geography" title="Template talk:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus_Geography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_census_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code_Tabulation_Area" title="ZIP Code Tabulation Area">ZIP Code Tabulation Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_corporation" title="Alaska Native corporation">Alaska Native corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_colony" title="Indian colony">Indian colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">Off-reservation trust land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Tribal_Statistical_Area" title="Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area">Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Primary statistical area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)#List_of_primary_statistical_areas" title="Statistical area (United States)">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">Combined statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core-based_statistical_area" title="Core-based statistical area">Core-based statistical area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_core-based_statistical_areas" title="List of core-based statistical areas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">Micropolitan statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_city_and_town_area" title="New England city and town area">New England city and town area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">Urban area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Alaska census area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">Municipio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_(United_States_Census_Bureau)" title="Place (United States Census Bureau)">Place</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">Census-designated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Use_Microdata_Area" title="Public Use Microdata Area">Public use microdata area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State legislative district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">Urban growth area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">County-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_county_division" title="Census county division">Census county division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor civil division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_analysis_zone" title="Traffic analysis zone">Traffic analysis zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Voting district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_block" title="Census block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_block_group" title="Census block group">Block group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_tract" title="Census tract">Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16641#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404229726">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149435299">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207148/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8kyHfJxYXVDK8RWqPcP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4085684-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79145002">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge295648&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbdcn9j3fb26t0">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557259705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e228a3c1-53c0-3ec9-842b-ec1b2138e387">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/a3725101-4572-423f-bf12-93b691195bc3">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/EMs0CXpB">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027848361">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044688">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link 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