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Tag - The Japan Times
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img.owl-lazy{transform-style:preserve-3d}.owl-carousel .owl-video-wrapper{position:relative;height:100%;background:#000}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px;left:50%;top:50%;margin-left:-40px;margin-top:-40px;background:url(owl.video.play.png) no-repeat;cursor:pointer;z-index:1;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;transition:transform .1s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon:hover{-ms-transform:scale(1.3,1.3);transform:scale(1.3,1.3)}.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-play-icon,.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-tn{display:none}.owl-carousel .owl-video-tn{opacity:0;height:100%;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;transition:opacity .4s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-frame{position:relative;z-index:1;height:100%;width:100%}</style> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" /> <noscript><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/css/general-styles.min.css?v=4.9" defer> </head> <body class=" "> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KR282M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <input type="hidden" id="APP_URL" value="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" /> <input id="BASE_URL" type="hidden" value="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" /> <h1 hidden class="hidden">Tag - inflation</h1> <style> .hidden-body{overflow-y: hidden;} header.not-home-header{margin-bottom: 60px;} header .header-ad{background-color: #F7F7F7;} header .header-ad .tableCenter{min-width:728px;min-height: 90px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 20px auto;} header .header-ad.not-home-page{background-color: #FFFFFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #EFEFEF;} header .header-content{padding-bottom: 16px; padding-top: 16px;} header .header-content .left-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-start;} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-left: -7px;margin-right: 10px;cursor: pointer;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;cursor: pointer;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open img{width:16.5px;height:16.5px;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .weather{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;display: flex;align-items: end;} header .weather:hover{opacity:0.7;} header .weather a{display: contents;} header .weather img{width:45px;} header .weather span{font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 12px;line-height: 15px; font-weight: 800;color: #000000;} header .header-content .middle-col{text-align: center;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date{text-transform: uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;color:#000000;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date a{color:#000000;} header .header-content .middle-col .slogan{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;margin-top: 5px;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 5px;} header .organization_name{text-align: right;color: #999;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 11px;} header .organization_name.hidden-desktop{display: none;} header .header-content .right-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;} header .header-content .right-col ul{list-style: none;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 0px;padding-inline-start: 0px} header .header-content .right-col .subscribe a, header .header-content .right-col .subscribe span{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 10px 13px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif} /*header .header-content .right-col .subscribe a:hover, header .header-content .right-col .subscribe span:hover{opacity: 0.6;}*/ header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li{margin-left: 15px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info{position: relative} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content{display: none;position: absolute;width:100%;top:28px;z-index: 1;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content a{border-top:1px solid #FFF;display: block;width:100%} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info:hover .dropdown-content{display: block;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-right: -7px;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-right: -7px;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .right-col .login a{color: #000000;} header .header-content .right-col .my-account_info{cursor: pointer;} header .header-content .right-col .piano-myaccount-logout-button a{color: #000000;} header .header-content .right-col .login img{margin-top: 4px;width:16.7px;height: 17.4px;} header .search-container{background-color: #efefef; max-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.3s, padding 0.3s;} header .search-container.show{max-height: 60px;transition: max-height 0.6s, padding 0.6s;padding-bottom: 14px; padding-top: 14px;} header .search-container .col-md-12{display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: flex-start;} header .search-container form{ margin-right: 10px;width:250px; background-color: #FFFFFF;display:flex;padding: 6px 12px 4px 17px;border-radius: 20px;} header .search-container form i{font-size: 18px;color:#000000;} header .search-container .form-field{border:none;width:90%;font-family: 'Roboto';font-weight: 400;font-size: 14px;line-height: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.01em;color:#000000;} header .search-container .form-field:focus{border:none;outline:none;} header .search-container .form-field::placeholder, header .search-container .form-field::-webkit-input-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field:-ms-input-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field::-moz-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field:-moz-placeholder{ font-family: 'Roboto';font-weight: 400;font-size: 14px;line-height: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.01em;color:#999999; } header .search-container .btn-submit{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border:none;background-color: #FFFFFF;cursor:pointer;} header .search-container .btn-submit img{width:16.5px;height: 16.5px;} header .search-container .btn-submit:hover{opacity:0.6;} header .search-container .close-form i{color:#999999;font-size: 21px;cursor: pointer;} header .search-container.sticky-search{position: fixed;width:100%;z-index: 201;top:60px;} header .mobile-date{display:none;} header .hot-topics{margin-bottom: 25px;border-top: 1px solid #efefef; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;} header .hot-topics .items{display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;} header .hot-topics .items .separator:nth-child(4){border-left: 2px solid #898989;padding: 0 5px;} header .hot-topics a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 15px;line-height: 17px;border-radius: 20px; font-weight: 400;color: #000000;text-transform: uppercase;padding: 4px 15px;} header .hot-topics a:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content{padding-top: 5.2px;padding-bottom: 5.2px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 200px;height: 28.7px;} .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 213px;height:37px;} header .sticky-menu.visible{visibility: visible;padding-bottom: 0px; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px); -ms-transform: translateY(0px); transform: translateY(0px);} header .sticky-menu.always-visible{position: fixed;visibility: visible;padding-bottom: 0px; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px); -ms-transform: translateY(0px); transform: translateY(0px);} header .sticky-menu{visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(-70px); border-bottom: 1px solid #000;padding-bottom: 3px; background: #fff; position: fixed; width: 100%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-70px); -ms-transform: translateY(-70px); transform: translateY(-70px); top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 202; -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1); transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1);} header .mobile-spacing{display: none;} div.account-data{position: fixed; top:0; right:-320px; background-color: #FFF;width: 320px;z-index: 203;height:100%; transition: .5s;} div.account-data.active{right:0;} div.account-data .logo{padding: 20px 20px 8px 20px;} div.account-data .close-sidebar{float: right;} div.account-data .close-sidebar i{font-size: 20px; color: #999999;cursor: pointer;} div.account-data .actions{padding: 14px 20px 20px 20px;} div.account-data ul{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} div.account-data ul li{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border-bottom: 1px solid #999999;width:100%;padding: 12px 10px;list-style: none;} div.account-data ul li:not(:first-child):hover{opacity: 0.5;} div.account-data ul li a:hover{transition: 0.1s; } div.account-data ul li a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.3px;color: #333;text-transform: uppercase} div.account-data .icon-arrow_forward_ios{float: right;} div.account-data .user-email{padding: 10px 25px 30px 25px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px;font-weight: 400;color: #000;text-align: center;} div.account-data .user-label{display:block;margin-top: 5px;font-family: 'Roboto'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px;font-weight: 400;color: #000;text-align: center;} div.account-data .packages{padding: 30px 0px 20px 0px;} div.account-data .packages a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 15px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: block;} div.account-data .packages a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} sidebar{position: fixed;overflow-y: scroll; -ms-overflow-style: none; scrollbar-width: none;top:0; left:-320px; background-color: #151515;width: 320px;z-index: 203;height:100%; transition: .5s;} sidebar.active{left:0;} sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {display: none;} #overlay {position: fixed;display: none; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0;left: 0;right: 0;bottom: 0;background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);z-index: 202; cursor: pointer;} #overlay.active{display: block;} sidebar .logo{padding: 20px 20px 15px 20px;position:fixed;width: 320px;background-color: #151515;z-index: 1;} sidebar .logo img{width:165.33px; height: 23.7px;} sidebar .close-sidebar{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;float: right;width:36px;height: 36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: -10px;} sidebar .close-sidebar:hover{background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);} sidebar .close-sidebar i{font-size: 18px; color: #999999;cursor: pointer;} sidebar .extra-height{height: 65px;} sidebar .subscribe-section .subscribe-title{color:#FFF;text-transform: uppercase;margin-bottom: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;} sidebar .subscribe-section .subscribe-btns{display: flex;justify-content: space-between;} sidebar .subscribe-section{padding: 15px 20px 30px 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;} sidebar .subscribe-section a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 15px 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 48%; height: 50px; text-align: center;display: block;text-transform: uppercase} sidebar .subscribe-section a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} sidebar .links-section{padding: 25px 20px 15px 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;} sidebar .links-section p{margin-top: 20px;padding-left: 10px;} sidebar .links-section p.home-delivery{margin-top: 10px;} sidebar .links-section p a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;text-transform: uppercase;color: #999999;text-decoration: underline;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-weight: 400;} sidebar .links-section p a:hover{color: #FFFFFF;} sidebar .links-section ul{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .links-section ul li{list-style: none;margin-bottom: 5px; background-color: #333333;padding: 10px;cursor: pointer;} sidebar .links-section ul li:hover a{color: #999;} sidebar .links-section ul li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;text-transform: uppercase;color:#fff;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 15px;line-height: 17px; font-weight: 400;display: block;width: 100%;} sidebar .links-section ul li a::before {content: "";width: 6px;height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 8px;display: inline-block; background-color: #C8102E;} sidebar .menu-section{padding: 15px 20px;} sidebar 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14px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-tag-widget .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 27px; display: block;max-height: 54px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-tag-widget .article-body a{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 24px; display: block;max-height:96px; overflow: hidden;} @media (max-width: 768px){ .jt-tag-widget .publish-date{width: 100%;text-align: left;} .jt-tag-widget .article-section{width: 100%;} .jt-tag-widget .article-title a{max-height: unset;overflow: unset;font-size: 18px;line-height: 20px;} .jt-tag-widget .article-body a{display: none;} } </style> <div class="jt-tag-widget paddingDefault " data-widget-id="629"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><span class="tag-keyword">INFLATION</span></h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/20/economy/japan-food-inflation-boj/" title="Japan’s food inflation is becoming harder for BOJ to overlook"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453221.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453221.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453221.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453221.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Cabbage prices have risen to 2.6 times their five-year average in Japan." title="Cabbage prices have risen to 2.6 times their five-year average in Japan." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 20, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/20/economy/japan-food-inflation-boj/" title="Japan’s food inflation is becoming harder for BOJ to overlook">Japan’s food inflation is becoming harder for BOJ to overlook</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/20/economy/japan-food-inflation-boj/" title="Japan’s food inflation is becoming harder for BOJ to overlook">The level of fresh food prices has risen 71.9% since 2010, about five times more than that of inflation excluding it.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/20/japan/japan-rice-price-another-high/" title="Price of rice sold to wholesalers surges to another high in Japan"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453200.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453200.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453200.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/453200.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Behind a record-breaking rise in Japan's rice prices are intensifying competition among buyers since the serious shortage of the country's staple food in stores in summer 2024 and hoarding by those bullish about rice prices." title="Behind a record-breaking rise in Japan's rice prices are intensifying competition among buyers since the serious shortage of the country's staple food in stores in summer 2024 and hoarding by those bullish about rice prices." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 20, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/20/japan/japan-rice-price-another-high/" title="Price of rice sold to wholesalers surges to another high in Japan">Price of rice sold to wholesalers surges to another high in Japan</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/20/japan/japan-rice-price-another-high/" title="Price of rice sold to wholesalers surges to another high in Japan">The January average rose 69% from a year earlier to ¥25,927 per 60 kilograms of brown rice amid intensifying demand.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/14/japan/government-rice-stockpile/" title="Government taps rice stockpile to reverse price increases"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/14/452147.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/14/452147.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/14/452147.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/14/452147.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="The government's stockpiled rice in Tokyo in 1999. Since 1995, the government has been stockpiling around 200,000 tons of rice from the annual harvest to ensure that there is enough to go around during emergencies. " title="The government's stockpiled rice in Tokyo in 1999. Since 1995, the government has been stockpiling around 200,000 tons of rice from the annual harvest to ensure that there is enough to go around during emergencies. " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 14, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/14/japan/government-rice-stockpile/" title="Government taps rice stockpile to reverse price increases">Government taps rice stockpile to reverse price increases</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/14/japan/government-rice-stockpile/" title="Government taps rice stockpile to reverse price increases">This will be the first time the stockpile has been used to reduce prices instead of due to emergencies.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/02/13/japan/japan-victory-on-deflation/" title="It’s time for Japan to admit victory over deflation"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/13/451817.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/13/451817.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/13/451817.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/13/451817.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Japan has effectively exited deflation, but Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba’s reluctance to acknowledge it reflects outdated economic fears rather than current reality." title="Japan has effectively exited deflation, but Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba’s reluctance to acknowledge it reflects outdated economic fears rather than current reality." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/opinion/commentary/" title="COMMENTARY">COMMENTARY</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/opinion/commentary/japan/" title="Japan">Japan</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 13, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/02/13/japan/japan-victory-on-deflation/" title="It’s time for Japan to admit victory over deflation">It’s time for Japan to admit victory over deflation</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/02/13/japan/japan-victory-on-deflation/" title="It’s time for Japan to admit victory over deflation">The last time prices declined was in July 2021, the same month the Tokyo Olympic Games took place.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/10/japan/society/evolving-valentines-day-japan/" title="How giving chocolates on Valentine’s Day is evolving in Japan"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/10/451190.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/10/451190.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/10/451190.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/10/451190.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Giving out courtesy chocolates to coworkers on Valentine's Day is becoming obsolete." title="Giving out courtesy chocolates to coworkers on Valentine's Day is becoming obsolete." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/news/japan/society/" title="Society">Society</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 10, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/10/japan/society/evolving-valentines-day-japan/" title="How giving chocolates on Valentine’s Day is evolving in Japan">How giving chocolates on Valentine’s Day is evolving in Japan</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/10/japan/society/evolving-valentines-day-japan/" title="How giving chocolates on Valentine’s Day is evolving in Japan">One change is fewer people are handing out chocolates to others at work, which had been a widespread practice over the past few decades.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/07/economy/japan-inflation-risk/" title="Inflation becoming a concern in Japan after being a goal for decades"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/07/450988.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/07/450988.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/07/450988.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/07/450988.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Shoppers walk past a display of cabbages for sale at a supermarket in Tokyo last month. The 2024 record summer heat and heavy rain ruined crops, driving up the cost of the usually inexpensive leafy green in what Japanese media has dubbed a "cabbage shock."" title="Shoppers walk past a display of cabbages for sale at a supermarket in Tokyo last month. The 2024 record summer heat and heavy rain ruined crops, driving up the cost of the usually inexpensive leafy green in what Japanese media has dubbed a "cabbage shock."" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 7, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/07/economy/japan-inflation-risk/" title="Inflation becoming a concern in Japan after being a goal for decades">Inflation becoming a concern in Japan after being a goal for decades</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/07/economy/japan-inflation-risk/" title="Inflation becoming a concern in Japan after being a goal for decades">Rising consumer prices are putting real wage growth at risk and possibly becoming a drag on much-needed household consumption.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/06/economy/trump-trade-war-global-inflation/" title="Economists brace for Trump's new trade war to rekindle inflation worldwide"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/06/450633.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/06/450633.JPG?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/06/450633.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/06/450633.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="A cargo ship full of shipping containers at the port of Oakland in Oakland, California, as trade tensions escalate over U.S. tariffs on Monday." title="A cargo ship full of shipping containers at the port of Oakland in Oakland, California, as trade tensions escalate over U.S. tariffs on Monday." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 6, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/06/economy/trump-trade-war-global-inflation/" title="Economists brace for Trump's new trade war to rekindle inflation worldwide">Economists brace for Trump's new trade war to rekindle inflation worldwide</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/06/economy/trump-trade-war-global-inflation/" title="Economists brace for Trump's new trade war to rekindle inflation worldwide">Stubborn growth in consumer prices was bothering much of the world even before U.S. President Donald Trump entered the White House.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/05/economy/real-wages-fall/" title="Real wages in Japan rise in December, but fall for third straight year"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/05/450474.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/05/450474.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/05/450474.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/05/450474.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Households continue to be squeezed as inflation outpaces pay increases." title="Households continue to be squeezed as inflation outpaces pay increases." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 5, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/05/economy/real-wages-fall/" title="Real wages in Japan rise in December, but fall for third straight year">Real wages in Japan rise in December, but fall for third straight year</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/05/economy/real-wages-fall/" title="Real wages in Japan rise in December, but fall for third straight year">Inflation continued to outpace pay increases, which have been generous on a nominal basis in recent years.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/04/japan/ishiba-inflation-measures/" title="Ishiba seeks quick action in bid to fight inflation"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/04/450099.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/04/450099.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/04/450099.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/04/450099.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:53.5% 41.428571428572%;" alt="Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba speaks during a committee meeting in parliament on Monday." title="Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba speaks during a committee meeting in parliament on Monday." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 4, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/04/japan/ishiba-inflation-measures/" title="Ishiba seeks quick action in bid to fight inflation">Ishiba seeks quick action in bid to fight inflation</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/04/japan/ishiba-inflation-measures/" title="Ishiba seeks quick action in bid to fight inflation">The prime minister's plan comes as households face soaring rice and vegetable prices.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/03/economy/boj-january-meeting-summary/" title="BOJ discussed worries about price upward deviation in January"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/03/449946.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/03/449946.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/03/449946.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/03/449946.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="The Bank of Japan headquarters in Tokyo" title="The Bank of Japan headquarters in Tokyo" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 3, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/03/economy/boj-january-meeting-summary/" title="BOJ discussed worries about price upward deviation in January">BOJ discussed worries about price upward deviation in January</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/03/economy/boj-january-meeting-summary/" title="BOJ discussed worries about price upward deviation in January">One member referred to "a growing possibility that underlying CPI (consumer price index) inflation will rise steadily toward achieving the price stability target of 2%."</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/02/economy/trump-us-mexico-canada-tariffs/" title="Trump launches trade war with tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/02/449810.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/02/449810.JPG?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/02/449810.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/02/449810.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Trucks wait in line at the Zaragoza-Ysleta border crossing into the U.S. on Friday in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, a day ahead of U.S. President Donald Trump's order to impose tariffs on Mexican imports. " title="Trucks wait in line at the Zaragoza-Ysleta border crossing into the U.S. on Friday in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, a day ahead of U.S. President Donald Trump's order to impose tariffs on Mexican imports. " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Feb 2, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/02/economy/trump-us-mexico-canada-tariffs/" title="Trump launches trade war with tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China">Trump launches trade war with tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/02/economy/trump-us-mexico-canada-tariffs/" title="Trump launches trade war with tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China">U.S. President Donald Trump has ordered 25% tariffs on Canadian and Mexican imports and 10% on goods from China starting Tuesday.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/boj-governor-remarks/" title="BOJ's Ueda voices confidence conveying rate hike message to market"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449638.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449638.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449638.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449638.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Bank of Japan Gov. Kazuo Ueda speaks during a news conference at the central bank's headquarters in Tokyo on Jan. 24." title="Bank of Japan Gov. Kazuo Ueda speaks during a news conference at the central bank's headquarters in Tokyo on Jan. 24." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 31, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/boj-governor-remarks/" title="BOJ's Ueda voices confidence conveying rate hike message to market">BOJ's Ueda voices confidence conveying rate hike message to market</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/boj-governor-remarks/" title="BOJ's Ueda voices confidence conveying rate hike message to market">Ueda said the BOJ’s policy settings are still accommodative after recent rate hikes and that would remain the case as the central bank continues to support the inflation trend.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/food-prices-rise-february/" title="Prices of 1,656 food items to increase in Japan in February"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449582.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449582.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449582.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449582.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:51% 41.221374045801%;" alt="Prices of some 1,600 food items, including Ezaki Glico's chocolate snack Pocky, will be raised in February." title="Prices of some 1,600 food items, including Ezaki Glico's chocolate snack Pocky, will be raised in February." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 31, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/food-prices-rise-february/" title="Prices of 1,656 food items to increase in Japan in February">Prices of 1,656 food items to increase in Japan in February</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/food-prices-rise-february/" title="Prices of 1,656 food items to increase in Japan in February">There are notable price hikes for chocolate confectioneries, flour products and frozen food using rice.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/soaring-food-prices/" title="Japanese look for creative ways to fight soaring food prices"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449542.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449542.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449542.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449542.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:71% 24.626865671642%;" alt="YouTuber Kazuki Nakata looks at his indoor farm at his home in Kawasaki on Monday. The 37-year-old now has nearly 90,000 subscribers eager to learn how to stretch out store-bought vegetables and grow new ones amid soaring produce prices." title="YouTuber Kazuki Nakata looks at his indoor farm at his home in Kawasaki on Monday. The 37-year-old now has nearly 90,000 subscribers eager to learn how to stretch out store-bought vegetables and grow new ones amid soaring produce prices." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 31, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/soaring-food-prices/" title="Japanese look for creative ways to fight soaring food prices">Japanese look for creative ways to fight soaring food prices</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/soaring-food-prices/" title="Japanese look for creative ways to fight soaring food prices">As the price of agricultural products has risen, Japanese have also been eating less of them.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/01/31/japan/immigration-fee-rise/" title="Japan's immigration processing fees to rise starting April 1"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449509.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449509.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449509.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449509.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:46.5% 37.68115942029%;" alt="The Immigration Services Agency says it is unclear whether application fee price hikes will lead to shorter processing times, but would “continue its efforts to improve efficiency to minimize any inconvenience to applicants.”" title="The Immigration Services Agency says it is unclear whether application fee price hikes will lead to shorter processing times, but would “continue its efforts to improve efficiency to minimize any inconvenience to applicants.”" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 31, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/01/31/japan/immigration-fee-rise/" title="Japan's immigration processing fees to rise starting April 1">Japan's immigration processing fees to rise starting April 1</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/01/31/japan/immigration-fee-rise/" title="Japan's immigration processing fees to rise starting April 1">The Immigration Services Agency has cited rising prices and personnel costs for its first price hikes — of as much as 50% — in over four decades.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/tokyo-area-inflation-january/" title="Tokyo inflation hits fastest pace in a year, supporting BOJ view"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449510.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449510.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449510.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/31/449510.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Consumer prices excluding fresh food in Tokyo climbed 2.5% in January from a year earlier, the fastest pace since last February." title="Consumer prices excluding fresh food in Tokyo climbed 2.5% in January from a year earlier, the fastest pace since last February." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 31, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/tokyo-area-inflation-january/" title="Tokyo inflation hits fastest pace in a year, supporting BOJ view">Tokyo inflation hits fastest pace in a year, supporting BOJ view</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/31/economy/tokyo-area-inflation-january/" title="Tokyo inflation hits fastest pace in a year, supporting BOJ view">Consumer prices excluding fresh food in the capital climbed 2.5% in January from a year earlier.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/wage-small-companies/" title="Smaller Japanese companies unlikely to meet wage-increase target for 2025"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449119.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449119.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449119.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449119.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Many workers at small companies continue to fall behind as wages fail to keep up with inflation." title="Many workers at small companies continue to fall behind as wages fail to keep up with inflation." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 29, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/wage-small-companies/" title="Smaller Japanese companies unlikely to meet wage-increase target for 2025">Smaller Japanese companies unlikely to meet wage-increase target for 2025</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/wage-small-companies/" title="Smaller Japanese companies unlikely to meet wage-increase target for 2025">For this year’s spring negotiations, the Japanese Trade Union Confederation set hike targets of more than 6% for smaller firms.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/higher-interest-rates-impact/" title="Japan begins feeling the pain of BOJ rate hikes more concretely"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449100.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449100.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449100.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449100.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:51% 49.624060150376%;" alt="People were more concerned about the direct and specific impact of the Bank of Japan's latest rate hike on their personal lives, according to an artificial intelligence-driven analysis of various platforms, including social media." title="People were more concerned about the direct and specific impact of the Bank of Japan's latest rate hike on their personal lives, according to an artificial intelligence-driven analysis of various platforms, including social media." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 29, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/higher-interest-rates-impact/" title="Japan begins feeling the pain of BOJ rate hikes more concretely">Japan begins feeling the pain of BOJ rate hikes more concretely</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/higher-interest-rates-impact/" title="Japan begins feeling the pain of BOJ rate hikes more concretely">As time goes on, the BOJ’s rate increases appear to be having a stronger impact on people’s everyday lives, shifting from more abstract concepts to more concrete effects.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/boj-2014-meeting/" title="BOJ policymakers divided over additional easing in Oct. 2014"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449006.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449006.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449006.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/29/449006.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Bank of Japan Gov. Haruhiko Kuroda during a news conference at the central bank's headquarters in Tokyo on Oct. 31, 2014" title="Bank of Japan Gov. Haruhiko Kuroda during a news conference at the central bank's headquarters in Tokyo on Oct. 31, 2014" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 29, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/boj-2014-meeting/" title="BOJ policymakers divided over additional easing in Oct. 2014">BOJ policymakers divided over additional easing in Oct. 2014</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/01/29/economy/boj-2014-meeting/" title="BOJ policymakers divided over additional easing in Oct. 2014">The actions taken as a result of the meeting took market players by surprise, sending the yen lower against the dollar and Japanese stocks higher.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/01/28/japan/boj-communication-challenges/" title="The Bank of Japan’s communication challenges"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/28/448707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/28/448707.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/28/448707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/01/28/448707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Despite Bank of Japan Gov. Kazuo Ueda’s efforts to explain his thinking, many struggle to grasp the BOJ's position as businesses face high costs and weak demand while consumers deal with rising prices and stagnant wages." title="Despite Bank of Japan Gov. Kazuo Ueda’s efforts to explain his thinking, many struggle to grasp the BOJ's position as businesses face high costs and weak demand while consumers deal with rising prices and stagnant wages." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/opinion/commentary/" title="COMMENTARY">COMMENTARY</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/opinion/commentary/japan/" title="Japan">Japan</a> </div> <div class="publish-date">Jan 28, 2025</div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/01/28/japan/boj-communication-challenges/" title="The Bank of Japan’s communication challenges">The Bank of Japan’s communication challenges</a></div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/01/28/japan/boj-communication-challenges/" title="The Bank of Japan’s communication challenges">Despite limited developments that would justify a policy shift since December, Japan's central bank nevertheless went ahead to raise interest rates.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><style> .pagination{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-left:0;list-style:none;border-radius:.25rem}.layout_paginator>ul{margin:20px auto 10px;padding:8px 8px 5px 8px;text-align:center;width:100%;border-radius: 3px;}.layout_paginator>ul>li{display:inline-block;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 4px;min-width:35px;text-align:center}.layout_paginator>ul>li a,.layout_paginator>ul>li.disabled span{background-color:#fff;color:#4f5363;padding:10px;display:block;border:0;overflow:hidden;font-family:'Roboto Medium';font-size:15px;line-height:17px;border:1px solid #e1e1e1;border-radius:3px;}.layout_paginator>ul>li.active a{color:#fff;background-color:#C8102E;border-color:#C8102E;cursor:default}.layout_paginator>ul>li.disabled span{background-color:#f8f8f8} </style> <nav class="pagination layout_paginator" role="navigation"> <ul class="pager" > <li class="pager-nav disabled" aria-disabled="true" aria-label="« Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">« Prev</span> </li> <li class="pager-nav active" aria-current="page"><a class="">1</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=2" title="page number">2</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=3" title="page number">3</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=4" title="page number">4</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=5" title="page number">5</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=6" title="page number">6</a></li> <li class="pager-nav disabled" aria-disabled="true"><span class="">...</span></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=63" title="page number">63</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"><a class="" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=64" title="page number">64</a></li> <li class="pager-nav"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/inflation?pgno=6" title="next" rel="next" aria-label="Next »">Next »</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-12"> <!--jt-square-ad.blade.php--> <style> .jt-square-ad {border-top:1px solid #DADADA; 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The pressure of taking proficiency tests is eroding children's engagement with studying English and its benefits." title="One-third of elementary school students in Japan do not like learning English, according to a 2021 poll, an 8% rise since 2013. The pressure of taking proficiency tests is eroding children's engagement with studying English and its benefits." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/16/japan/iwaya-vows-russia-sanctions/" title="Japan's Iwaya vows to push ahead with sanctions against Russia">Japan's Iwaya vows to push ahead with sanctions against Russia</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/16/japan/iwaya-vows-russia-sanctions/" title="Japan's Iwaya vows to push ahead with sanctions against Russia"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/16/452434.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> 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src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/19/453093.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/19/453093.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:52% 34.586466165413%;" alt="Newly promoted grand champion Hoshoryu (center) performs a dedication ceremony at Meiji Shrine in Tokyo on Jan. 31." title="Newly promoted grand champion Hoshoryu (center) performs a dedication ceremony at Meiji Shrine in Tokyo on Jan. 31." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/02/19/companies/murata-india-supply-chain/" title="IPhone parts maker Murata eyes supply chain shift 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shift toward nuclear amid predictions of higher electricity demand stemming from semiconductor production and data centers for AI in the decades to come." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tab-button-1"> <!--jt-tab-editor-pick.blade.php--> <style> .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-right: 0px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article:last-child{border-bottom: none;padding-bottom: 0px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title a{font-family: Utopia Std, Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 21px; display: block;max-height: 63px; overflow: hidden;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title a{max-width: unset; overflow: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-tab-editor-pick " data-widget-id="787"> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2025/02/19/sumo/hoshoryu-yokozuna-ceiling/" title="What is the ceiling for sumo’s newest yokozuna?">What is the ceiling for sumo’s newest <i>yokozuna</i>?</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2025/02/19/sumo/hoshoryu-yokozuna-ceiling/" title="What is the ceiling for sumo’s newest yokozuna?"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/19/453093.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/19/453093.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/19/453093.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/19/453093.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="object-position:52% 34.586466165413%;" alt="Newly promoted grand champion Hoshoryu (center) performs a dedication ceremony at Meiji Shrine in Tokyo on Jan. 31." title="Newly promoted grand champion Hoshoryu (center) performs a dedication ceremony at Meiji Shrine in Tokyo on Jan. 31." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2025/02/20/film/yasuko-songs-of-days-past/" title="‘Yasuko, Songs of Days Past’ puts overlooked star in the spotlight">‘Yasuko, Songs of Days Past’ puts overlooked star in the spotlight</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2025/02/20/film/yasuko-songs-of-days-past/" title="‘Yasuko, Songs of Days Past’ puts overlooked star in the spotlight"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/452790.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/452790.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/452790.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/20/452790.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="“Yasuko, Songs of Days Past” centers on a real-life love triangle between poet Chuya Nakahara (Taisei Kido, left), actor Yasuko Hasegawa (Suzu Hirose, center) and literary critic Hideo Kobayashi (Masaki Okada)." title="“Yasuko, Songs of Days Past” centers on a real-life love triangle between poet Chuya Nakahara (Taisei Kido, left), actor Yasuko Hasegawa (Suzu Hirose, center) and literary critic Hideo Kobayashi (Masaki Okada)." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2025/02/18/soccer/shebelieves-2025-nielsen/" title="Nielsen eyes mentality shift in first outing as Nadeshiko boss">Nielsen eyes mentality shift in first outing as Nadeshiko boss</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2025/02/18/soccer/shebelieves-2025-nielsen/" title="Nielsen eyes mentality shift in first outing as Nadeshiko boss"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/18/452675.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source 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class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/18/japan/politics/ishiba-regional-revitalization/" title="Can Ishiba's 'joyful Japan' policy revitalize the nation's rural regions?">Can Ishiba's 'joyful Japan' policy revitalize the nation's rural regions?</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/18/japan/politics/ishiba-regional-revitalization/" title="Can Ishiba's 'joyful Japan' policy revitalize the nation's rural regions?"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/18/452237.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/18/452237.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/18/452237.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/18/452237.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba receives fruit from tangerine farmers of Shizuoka Prefecture in Tokyo on Jan. 22. The government's new regional revitalization plan focuses on convincing younger workers to choose a career and life somewhere other than a major urban center such as Tokyo." title="Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba receives fruit from tangerine farmers of Shizuoka Prefecture in Tokyo on Jan. 22. The government's new regional revitalization plan focuses on convincing younger workers to choose a career and life somewhere other than a major urban center such as Tokyo." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/02/17/japan/english-language-learning-japan/" title="Japan’s English-language education doesn’t pass the test">Japan’s English-language education doesn’t pass the test</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/02/17/japan/english-language-learning-japan/" title="Japan’s English-language education doesn’t pass the test"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451005.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451005.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451005.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451005.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="One-third of elementary school students in Japan do not like learning English, according to a 2021 poll, an 8% rise since 2013. The pressure of taking proficiency tests is eroding children's engagement with studying English and its benefits." title="One-third of elementary school students in Japan do not like learning English, according to a 2021 poll, an 8% rise since 2013. The pressure of taking proficiency tests is eroding children's engagement with studying English and its benefits." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $('.nav-item').on('click', function(event){ event.preventDefault(); if (! $(this).hasClass('active')) { $('.nav-item').removeClass('active'); $('.tab-pane').removeClass('active'); $(this).addClass('active'); var id = $(this).attr('id'); $('#tab-'+ id).addClass('active'); } }); }); </script> <!--jt-sidebar-articles.blade.php--> <style> .jt-sidebar-articles{margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #231916;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; 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max-height: 57px; } } </style> <div class="jt-column-article no-print " data-widget-id="1581"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Longform</h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/17/japan/society/magnetic-tape-2025-issue/" title="The race to save 20th-century history"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451716.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451716.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451716.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2025/02/17/451716.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.52" style="" alt="Tokyo Koon stands at the forefront of tackling the so-called 2025 issue, also known as the “Magnetic Tape Alert.” " title="Tokyo Koon stands at the forefront of tackling the so-called 2025 issue, also known as the “Magnetic Tape Alert.” " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/02/17/japan/society/magnetic-tape-2025-issue/" title="The race to save 20th-century history">The race to save 20th-century history</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/219/alex-kt-martin/" title="Alex K.T. 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