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rondeur</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement">Arrondissement</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phon%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonétique">phonétique</a>, la notion d'<b>arrondissement des voyelles</b> s'applique à la forme plus ou moins ronde prise par les lèvres lors de l'articulation d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voyelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voyelle">voyelle</a>. Pour prononcer une voyelle <i>arrondie</i>, les lèvres forment une ouverture circulaire, alors que les voyelles <i>non</i> <i>arrondies</i> sont prononcées les lèvres relâchées.</p> <p>Dans la plupart des langues, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voyelle_ant%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voyelle antérieure">voyelles antérieures</a> ont tendance à être non arrondies, alors que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voyelle_post%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voyelle postérieure">voyelles postérieures</a> sont plutôt arrondies. Quelques langues comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Français">français</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a>, distinguent, pour un même <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_d%27ouverture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Degré d'ouverture">degré d'ouverture</a>, les deux prononciations arrondie et non arrondie de voyelles antérieures, alors que le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamien">vietnamien</a> distingue les versions arrondie et non arrondie de voyelles postérieures de la même ouverture.</p> <p>Dans le diagramme des voyelles de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet phonétique international">alphabet phonétique international</a>, les voyelles arrondies sont celles qui apparaissent à la droite de chaque paire de voyelles. Des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diacritiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacritiques">diacritiques</a>, respectivement le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demi-rond_droit_(diacritique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demi-rond droit (diacritique)">demi-rond droit</a> [<span class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɔ̹</span>] et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demi-rond_gauche_(diacritique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demi-rond gauche (diacritique)">demi-rond gauche</a> [<span class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɔ̜</span>], sont également utilisés pour indiquer un plus ou moins grand degré d'arrondissement. Les diacritiques <i>plus</i> et <i>moins</i> arrondi sont parfois utilisés aussi avec les consonnes pour indiquer les degrés de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labialisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labialisation">labialisation</a>. Par exemple, dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_athapascanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues athapascanes">langues athapascanes</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hupa_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hupa (langue)">hupa</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consonne_fricative_v%C3%A9laire_sourde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consonne fricative vélaire sourde">fricatives vélaires sourdes</a> ont trois degrés de labialisation, transcrits comme <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[x x̹ xʷ]</span> ou <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[x x̜ʷ xʷ]</span>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Types_d'arrondissement"><span id="Types_d.27arrondissement"></span>Types d'arrondissement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arrondissement_(phon%C3%A9tique)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Types d'arrondissement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Il y a deux types d'arrondissement des voyelles : endolabial (ou protrusé, ou projeté), et exolabial (ou comprimé).</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Exoendo.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Exoendo.png/160px-Exoendo.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="364"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 262px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Exoendo.png/160px-Exoendo.png" data-width="160" data-height="262" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Exoendo.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Voyelle [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%CA%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʏ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʏ</span></a>] endolabiale et exolabiale en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suédois">suédois</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Dans l'arrondissement endolabial (protrusé, projeté), les coins de la bouche légèrement étirés, les lèvres peuvent, sans s'avancer, être comprimées horizontalement, leur surface externe seule étant apparente, comme pour l'expression de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moue">moue</a>.</li> <li>Dans l'arrondissement exolabial (comprimé), les lèvres prennent la forme d'un tube, leur surface interne étant alors apparente, comme pour un baiser.</li> </ul> <p>Habituellement, les voyelles arrondies postérieures et centrales sont endolabiales, alors que les voyelles antérieures arrondies sont exolabiales (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caract%C3%A8re_de_rondeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Catford1982">Catford 1982</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 172).</p> <ul> <li>Il n'existe aucun diacritique API standard pour représenter ce contraste, ce qui entraîne une ambiguïté entre les deux modes exolabial et endolabial, le mode exolabial (habituel pour les voyelles antérieures) étant pris par défaut si aucune indication n'est fournie. Toutefois il est proposé d'utiliser les symboles de l'API en exposant ⟨◌ᵝ⟩ ou ⟨◌ᶹ⟩ ou le diacritique taquet bas souscrit ⟨◌̞⟩ pour noter la compresssion exolabiale des voyelles postérieures et centrales, et le symbole en exposant ⟨◌ʷ⟩ ou le diacritique taquet haut souscrit ⟨◌̝⟩ pour la protrusion endolabiale des voyelles antérieures, l'absence de diacritique indiquant alors le mode d'arrondissement par défaut.</li> <li>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonais">japonais</a> présente une exception, sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voyelle_ferm%C3%A9e_post%C3%A9rieure_comprim%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyelle fermée postérieure comprimée">voyelle postérieure haute étant exolabiale</a>.</li> <li>Quant au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suédois">suédois</a>, il possède une caractéristique unique, la distinction <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phon%C3%A8me?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonème">phonémique</a> entre chacun des deux types, par la présence simultanée de deux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voyelle_moyenne_sup%C3%A9rieure_ant%C3%A9rieure_arrondie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyelle moyenne supérieure antérieure arrondie">voyelles moyennes supérieures antérieures arrondies</a> : une endolabiale et une exolabiale généralement longue (qu'on peut distinguer respectivement comme [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=API_%C3%B8%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="API øʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">øʷ</span></a>] et [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%C3%B8%CC%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ø̞"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ø̞</span></a>])</li> </ul> <p>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_iroquoises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues iroquoises">langues iroquoises</a> du nord n'ont aucune <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consonne_labiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consonne labiale">consonne labiale</a>. Elles disposent de [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">w</span></a>], [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_g%CA%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API gʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">gʷ</span></a>], et [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_k%CA%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API kʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">kʷ</span></a>], mais ces consonnes n'entraînent aucun arrondissement perceptible (avancée) des lèvres, ce qui pourrait être dû à leur compression. On ne sait pas si ce phénomène est relié à la distinction de labialisation en langue <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hupa_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hupa (langue)">hupa</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arrondissement_(phon%C3%A9tique)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p><span class="ouvrage" id="Catford1982"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._C._Catford1982"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> J. C. <span class="nom_auteur">Catford</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Fundamental Problems in Phonetics</cite>, Indiana University Press, <time>1982</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-253-20294-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-253-20294-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-253-20294-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Problems+in+Phonetics&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.aulast=Catford&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-253-20294-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArrondissement+%28phon%C3%A9tique%29"></span></span></span></p> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Linguistique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la linguistique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/24px-Logo_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/24px-Logo_language.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/36px-Logo_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/48px-Logo_language.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Linguistique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Linguistique">Portail de la linguistique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a 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minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundung_(Phonetik)" title="Rundung (Phonetik) – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rundung (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1_(%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA)" title="تدوير (صوتيات) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تدوير (صوتيات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D1%258A%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582_(%25D1%2584%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0)" title="Закръгленост (фонетика) – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закръгленост (фонетика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rontder_(yezhoniezh)" title="Rontder (yezhoniezh) – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rontder (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrodoniment_voc%25C3%25A0lic" title="Arrodoniment vocàlic – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arrodoniment vocàlic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundung_(Phonetik)" title="Rundung (Phonetik) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rundung (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roundedness" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redondeamiento_voc%25C3%25A1lico" title="Redondeamiento vocálico – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Redondeamiento vocálico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D9%2587" title="گردشدگی واکه – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گردشدگی واکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A2%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2594%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25A2%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA" title="מעוגלות התנועות – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעוגלות התנועות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebulatan_vokal" title="Kebulatan vokal – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebulatan vokal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrotondamento_(fonetica)" title="Arrotondamento (fonetica) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arrotondamento (fonetica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2586%25E5%2594%2587%25E6%25AF%258D%25E9%259F%25B3" title="円唇母音 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="円唇母音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinkerrunjing" title="Klinkerrunjing – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Klinkerrunjing" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labializ%25C4%2581cija" title="Labializācija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Labializācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebundaran_vokal" title="Kebundaran vokal – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebundaran vokal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8" title="သရဝိုင်းခြင်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သရဝိုင်းခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinkerronding" title="Klinkerronding – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klinkerronding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaokr%25C4%2585glenie_samog%25C5%2582oski" title="Zaokrąglenie samogłoski – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zaokrąglenie samogłoski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogal_arredondada" title="Vogal arredondada – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vogal arredondada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal%25C4%2583_rotunjit%25C4%2583" title="Vocală rotunjită – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vocală rotunjită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Огубление – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огубление" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roundedness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588" title="இதழமைவுநிலை – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இதழமைவுநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkabilog" title="Pagkabilog – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagkabilog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%2583%25E9%259F%25B3%25E5%259C%2593%25E5%2594%2587%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="元音圓唇度 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元音圓唇度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%2583%25E9%259F%25B3%25E5%259C%2593%25E5%2594%2587%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="元音圓唇度 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元音圓唇度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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