File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.

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See each function's documentation for details. If your concern is just parsing paths it is safer to use <a href="/5.38.3/File::Spec">File::Spec</a>'s <code>splitpath()</code> and <code>splitdir()</code> methods.</p> <p>It is guaranteed that</p> <pre><code># Where $path_separator is / for Unix, \ for Windows, etc... dirname($path) . $path_separator . basename($path);</code></pre> <p>is equivalent to the original path for all systems but VMS.</p> <dl> <dt id="fileparse"><a class="permalink" href="#fileparse">#</a><code>fileparse</code> </dt> <dd> <pre><code>my($filename, $dirs, $suffix) = fileparse($path); my($filename, $dirs, $suffix) = fileparse($path, @suffixes); my $filename = fileparse($path, @suffixes);</code></pre> <p>The <code>fileparse()</code> routine divides a file path into its $dirs, $filename and (optionally) the filename $suffix.</p> <p>$dirs contains everything up to and including the last directory separator in the $path including the volume (if applicable). The remainder of the $path is the $filename.</p> <pre><code># On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", "") fileparse("/foo/bar/baz"); # On Windows returns ("baz", 'C:\foo\bar\', "") fileparse('C:\foo\bar\baz'); # On Unix returns ("", "/foo/bar/baz/", "") fileparse("/foo/bar/baz/");</code></pre> <p>If @suffixes are given each element is a pattern (either a string or a <code>qr//</code>) matched against the end of the $filename. The matching portion is removed and becomes the $suffix.</p> <pre><code># On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", ".txt") fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\.[^.]*/);</code></pre> <p>If type is non-Unix (see <a href="#fileparse_set_fstype">"fileparse_set_fstype"</a>) then the pattern matching for suffix removal is performed case-insensitively, since those systems are not case-sensitive when opening existing files.</p> <p>You are guaranteed that <code>$dirs . $filename . $suffix</code> will denote the same location as the original $path.</p> </dd> <dt id="basename"><a class="permalink" href="#basename">#</a><code>basename</code> </dt> <dd> <pre><code>my $filename = basename($path); my $filename = basename($path, @suffixes);</code></pre> <p>This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell command <code>basename(1)</code>. It does <b>NOT</b> always return the file name portion of a path as you might expect. To be safe, if you want the file name portion of a path use <code>fileparse()</code>.</p> <p><code>basename()</code> returns the last level of a filepath even if the last level is clearly directory. In effect, it is acting like <code>pop()</code> for paths. This differs from <code>fileparse()</code>'s behaviour.</p> <pre><code># Both return "bar" basename("/foo/bar"); basename("/foo/bar/");</code></pre> <p>@suffixes work as in <code>fileparse()</code> except all regex metacharacters are quoted.</p> <pre><code># These two function calls are equivalent. my $filename = basename("/foo/bar/baz.txt", ".txt"); my $filename = fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\Q.txt\E/);</code></pre> <p>Also note that in order to be compatible with the shell command, <code>basename()</code> does not strip off a suffix if it is identical to the remaining characters in the filename.</p> </dd> <dt id="dirname"><a class="permalink" href="#dirname">#</a><code>dirname</code> </dt> <dd> <p>This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell command <code>dirname(1)</code> and has inherited some of its quirks. In spite of its name it does <b>NOT</b> always return the directory name as you might expect. To be safe, if you want the directory name of a path use <code>fileparse()</code>.</p> <p>Only on VMS (where there is no ambiguity between the file and directory portions of a path) and AmigaOS (possibly due to an implementation quirk in this module) does <code>dirname()</code> work like <code>fileparse($path)</code>, returning just the $dirs.</p> <pre><code># On VMS and AmigaOS my $dirs = dirname($path);</code></pre> <p>When using Unix or MSDOS syntax this emulates the <code>dirname(1)</code> shell function which is subtly different from how <code>fileparse()</code> works. It returns all but the last level of a file path even if the last level is clearly a directory. In effect, it is not returning the directory portion but simply the path one level up acting like <code>chop()</code> for file paths.</p> <p>Also unlike <code>fileparse()</code>, <code>dirname()</code> does not include a trailing slash on its returned path.</p> <pre><code># returns /foo/bar. fileparse() would return /foo/bar/ dirname("/foo/bar/baz"); # also returns /foo/bar despite the fact that baz is clearly a # directory. fileparse() would return /foo/bar/baz/ dirname("/foo/bar/baz/"); # returns '.'. fileparse() would return 'foo/' dirname("foo/");</code></pre> <p>Under VMS, if there is no directory information in the $path, then the current default device and directory is used.</p> </dd> <dt id="fileparse_set_fstype"><a class="permalink" href="#fileparse_set_fstype">#</a><code>fileparse_set_fstype</code> </dt> <dd> <pre><code>my $type = fileparse_set_fstype(); my $previous_type = fileparse_set_fstype($type);</code></pre> <p>Normally File::Basename will assume a file path type native to your current operating system (ie. /foo/bar style on Unix, \foo\bar on Windows, etc...). With this function you can override that assumption.</p> <p>Valid $types are "MacOS", "VMS", "AmigaOS", "OS2", "RISCOS", "MSWin32", "DOS" (also "MSDOS" for backwards bug compatibility), "Epoc" and "Unix" (all case-insensitive). If an unrecognized $type is given "Unix" will be assumed.</p> <p>If you've selected VMS syntax, and the file specification you pass to one of these routines contains a "/", they assume you are using Unix emulation and apply the Unix syntax rules instead, for that function call only.</p> </dd> </dl> <h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO">#</a><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1> <p><a href="http://man.he.net/man1/dirname">dirname(1)</a>, <a href="http://man.he.net/man1/basename">basename(1)</a>, <a href="/5.38.3/File::Spec">File::Spec</a></p> </div> <div id="footer"> <p>Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (<a href="https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK">DBOOK</a>). Please contact him via the <a href="https://github.com/Grinnz/perldoc-browser/issues">GitHub issue tracker</a> or <a href="mailto:dbook@cpan.org">email</a> regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.</p> <p>The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via the <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues">Perl issue tracker</a>, the <a href="https://lists.perl.org/list/perl5-porters.html">mailing list</a>, or <a href="https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.perl.org/p5p">IRC</a> to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.</p> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha512-/DXTXr6nQodMUiq+IUJYCt2PPOUjrHJ9wFrqpJ3XkgPNOZVfMok7cRw6CSxyCQxXn6ozlESsSh1/sMCTF1rL/g==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.1/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha512-ubuT8Z88WxezgSqf3RLuNi5lmjstiJcyezx34yIU2gAHonIi27Na7atqzUZCOoY4CExaoFumzOsFQ2Ch+I/HCw==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/js/highlight.pack.js"></script> <script>hljs.highlightAll();</script> </body> </html>

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File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix. - Perldoc Browser