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b[1] : null; var par = b.length > 2 ? b[2] : null; if (cmd === "ping") { clb( { gppVersion: "1.1", // must be “Version.Subversion”, current: “1.1” cmpStatus: "stub", // possible values: stub, loading, loaded, error cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", // possible values: hidden, visible, disabled signalStatus: "not ready", // possible values: not ready, ready supportedAPIs: SUPPORTED_APIS, // list of supported APIs cmpId: CMP_ID, // IAB assigned CMP ID, may be 0 during stub/loading sectionList: [], applicableSections: [-1], gppString: "", parsedSections: {}, }, true ); } else if (cmd === "addEventListener") { if (!("lastId" in __gpp)) { __gpp.lastId = 0; } __gpp.lastId++; var lnr = __gpp.lastId; __gpp.events.push({ id: lnr, callback: clb, parameter: par, }); clb( { eventName: "listenerRegistered", listenerId: lnr, // Registered ID of the listener data: true, // positive signal pingData: { gppVersion: "1.1", // must be “Version.Subversion”, current: “1.1” cmpStatus: "stub", // possible values: stub, loading, loaded, error cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", // possible values: hidden, visible, disabled signalStatus: "not ready", // possible values: not ready, ready supportedAPIs: SUPPORTED_APIS, // list of supported APIs cmpId: CMP_ID, // list of supported APIs sectionList: [], applicableSections: [-1], gppString: "", parsedSections: {}, }, }, true ); } else if (cmd === "removeEventListener") { var success = false; for (var i = 0; i < __gpp.events.length; i++) { if (__gpp.events[i].id == par) { __gpp.events.splice(i, 1); success = true; break; } } clb( { eventName: "listenerRemoved", listenerId: par, // Registered ID of the listener data: success, // status info pingData: { gppVersion: "1.1", // must be “Version.Subversion”, current: “1.1” cmpStatus: "stub", // possible values: stub, loading, loaded, error cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", // possible values: hidden, visible, disabled signalStatus: "not ready", // possible values: not ready, ready supportedAPIs: SUPPORTED_APIS, // list of supported APIs cmpId: CMP_ID, // CMP ID sectionList: [], applicableSections: [-1], gppString: "", parsedSections: {}, }, }, true ); } else if (cmd === "hasSection") { clb(false, true); } else if (cmd === "getSection" || cmd === "getField") { clb(null, true); } //queue all other commands else { __gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(b)); } }; window.__gpp_msghandler = function (event) { var msgIsString = typeof event.data === "string"; try { var json = msgIsString ? JSON.parse(event.data) : event.data; } catch (e) { var json = null; } if (typeof json === "object" && json !== null && "__gppCall" in json) { var i = json.__gppCall; window.__gpp( i.command, function (retValue, success) { var returnMsg = { __gppReturn: { returnValue: retValue, success: success, callId: i.callId, }, }; event.source.postMessage(msgIsString ? JSON.stringify(returnMsg) : returnMsg, "*"); }, "parameter" in i ? i.parameter : null, "version" in i ? i.version : "1.1" ); } }; if (!("__gpp" in window) || typeof window.__gpp !== "function") { window.__gpp = window.__gpp_stub; window.addEventListener("message", window.__gpp_msghandler, false); window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"); } }; makeGppStub(); var uspStubFunction = function() { var arg = arguments; if (typeof window.__uspapi !== uspStubFunction) { setTimeout(function() { if (typeof window.__uspapi !== 'undefined') { window.__uspapi.apply(window.__uspapi, arg); } }, 500); } }; var checkIfUspIsReady = function() { uspTries++; if (window.__uspapi === uspStubFunction && uspTries < uspTriesLimit) { console.warn('USP is not accessible'); } else { clearInterval(uspInterval); } }; if (typeof window.__uspapi === 'undefined') { window.__uspapi = uspStubFunction; var uspInterval = setInterval(checkIfUspIsReady, 6000); } })(); // End InMobi Choice. Consent Manager Tag v3.0 (for TCF 2.2) /** * DataLayer Push & CCPA Support * * Version 2.0.7 */ (function() { //URLs need to be externalized based on environments, during build update. var get_iab_vendors_url = 'https://cmp.inmobi.com/GVL-v3/vendor-list.json'; var get_google_atp_url = "https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/google-atp-list.json"; var iab_vendors, iab_vendor_ids, iab_vendor_names; var google_vendors, google_vendor_ids, google_vendor_names; var google_vendors_arr = [], google_vendor_ids_arr = [], google_vendor_names_arr = []; var iab_vendors_arr = [], iab_vendor_ids_arr = [], iab_vendor_names_arr = []; var non_iab_vendors, non_iab_vendor_ids, non_iab_vendor_names; var non_iab_vendors_arr = [], non_iab_vendor_ids_arr = [], non_iab_vendor_names_arr = []; var publisher_consents, publisher_legitimate_interests; var purpose_consents, purpose_legitimate_interests; function resultToList(a) {b = ','; for (var i in a){if (a[i]){b+=i+','}} return b;} /** * Get a full list of Non-IAB Vendors, specific to the Quantcast Universal Tag ID, using tcfapi */ function vendors_getNonIABVendorList() { window.__tcfapi('getConfig', 2, function(retObj) { if(retObj.hasOwnProperty('nonIabVendorsInfo')){ if(retObj.nonIabVendorsInfo.hasOwnProperty('nonIabVendorList')) { non_iab_vendors = retObj.nonIabVendorsInfo.nonIabVendorList; // Dont assume array key = vendor id, set key as vendor id with iab_vendors[i].id Object.keys(non_iab_vendors).forEach(function (i) { non_iab_vendors_arr[non_iab_vendors[i].vendorId] = non_iab_vendors[i].name; }); } } }); } /** * Get a full list of IAB Vendors. */ function vendors_getIABVendorList() { var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { var res = JSON.parse(this.responseText); if(res.hasOwnProperty('vendors')) { iab_vendors = res.vendors; // Dont assume array key = vendor id, set key as vendor id with iab_vendors[i].id Object.keys(iab_vendors).forEach(function (i) { iab_vendors_arr[iab_vendors[i].id] = iab_vendors[i].name; }); } } }; xhttp.open("GET", get_iab_vendors_url, true); xhttp.send(); } /** * Get a full list of google atp list */ function vendors_getGoogleVendorList() { var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { google_vendors = JSON.parse(this.responseText); google_vendors.forEach(function (vendor) { google_vendors_arr[vendor.provider_id] = vendor.provider_name; }); } }; xhttp.open("GET", get_google_atp_url, true); xhttp.send(); } /** * CMP Loaded. * * Push __cmpLoaded event to the data layer. */ function dlSend_tcLoaded(tcData) { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'event': '__cmpLoaded', '__cmpLoaded': true, 'gdpr': tcData.gdprApplies, }); } /** * IAB Vendors. * * Push __cmpIABConsents event to the datalayer, along with iab vendor consent ids. */ function dlSend_consentData(tcData) { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; iab_vendor_names_arr = []; iab_vendor_ids_arr = []; non_iab_vendor_names_arr = []; non_iab_vendor_ids_arr = []; google_vendor_names_arr = []; google_vendor_ids_arr = []; if(tcData.hasOwnProperty('publisher')) { if(tcData.publisher.hasOwnProperty('consents')) { publisher_consents = resultToList(tcData.publisher.consents); } publisher_legitimate_interests = resultToList(tcData.publisher.legitimateInterests); } if(tcData.hasOwnProperty('purpose')) { if(tcData.purpose.hasOwnProperty('consents')) { purpose_consents = resultToList(tcData.purpose.consents); } purpose_legitimate_interests = resultToList(tcData.purpose.legitimateInterests); } // Run this in an interval (every 0.1s) just in case we are still waiting // on the return with our iab_vendors list calls, bail after 10 seconds var cnt = 0; var interval = setInterval(function(){ cnt += 1; if(cnt === 100){ clearInterval(interval); } if(iab_vendors) { clearInterval(interval); if(tcData.gdprApplies) { // Create name & id arrays of iab vendors with consent. if(tcData.hasOwnProperty('vendor')) { Object.keys(tcData.vendor.consents).forEach(function(vendorId) { if(tcData.vendor.consents[vendorId] || ! tcData.gdprApplies) { iab_vendor_names_arr[vendorId] = iab_vendors_arr[vendorId]; iab_vendor_ids_arr[vendorId] = vendorId; } }); } } else { // GDPR does not apply, add all vendor names/ids iab_vendor_names_arr = iab_vendors_arr; iab_vendors_arr.forEach(function(vendorName, vendorId) { iab_vendor_ids_arr[vendorId] = vendorId; }); } if(tcData.addtlConsent && google_vendors_arr) { // Create name and id arrays of google vendors with consent. // addtlConsent: "1~39.43.46.55.61. // 1~ is the version and the rest are the decoded ids google_vendor_ids_arr = tcData.addtlConsent.split('1~')[1].split('.'); google_vendor_ids_arr && google_vendor_ids_arr.forEach(function(google_id) { google_vendor_names_arr.push(google_vendors_arr[google_id]); }); } // Non IAB Vendors window.__tcfapi('getNonIABVendorConsents',2, function(nonIabConsent, nonIabSuccess) { if (nonIabSuccess) { if(nonIabConsent.gdprApplies) { // Create name & id arrays of non iab vendors with consent. nonIabConsent.nonIabVendorConsents && Object.keys(nonIabConsent.nonIabVendorConsents).forEach(function(vendorId) { if(nonIabConsent.nonIabVendorConsents[vendorId] || ! nonIabConsent.gdprApplies) { non_iab_vendor_names_arr[vendorId] = non_iab_vendors_arr[vendorId]; non_iab_vendor_ids_arr[vendorId] = vendorId; } }); } else { // GDPR does not apply, add all non iab vendor names/ids non_iab_vendor_names_arr = non_iab_vendors_arr; non_iab_vendors_arr.forEach(function(vendorName, vendorId) { non_iab_vendor_ids_arr[vendorId] = vendorId; }); } } // Join our array values, skipping empty items and joing them with a delimiter iab_vendor_names = iab_vendor_names_arr.filter(Boolean).join('|'); iab_vendor_ids = iab_vendor_ids_arr.filter(Boolean).join(','); google_vendor_names = google_vendor_names_arr.filter(Boolean).join('|'); google_vendor_ids = google_vendor_ids_arr.filter(Boolean).join('|'); non_iab_vendor_names = non_iab_vendor_names_arr.filter(Boolean).join('|'); non_iab_vendor_ids = non_iab_vendor_ids_arr.filter(Boolean).join(','); // Push __cmpIABConsents signals to the data layer. window.dataLayer.push({ 'event': '__cmpConsents', '__cmpConsents': { 'iabVendorConsentIds': iab_vendor_ids, 'iabVendorsWithConsent': iab_vendor_names, 'nonIABVendorConsentIds': non_iab_vendor_ids, 'nonIABVendorsWithConsent': non_iab_vendor_names, 'googleVendorConsentIds': google_vendor_ids, 'googleVendorsWithConsent': google_vendor_names, 'gdpr': tcData.gdprApplies, 'publisherConsents': publisher_consents, 'publisherLegitimateInterests': publisher_legitimate_interests, 'purposeConsents': purpose_consents, 'purposeLegitimateInterests': purpose_legitimate_interests, } }); }); } }, 100); } /** * CCPA footer message. */ function ccpa_footerMsg(tcData) { window.__uspapi('uspPing', 1, function(obj, status) { var footer_msg = document.getElementById('choice-footer-msg'); // get the footer container for our CCPA message if (status && obj.mode.includes('USP') && footer_msg !== null) { footer_msg.innerHTML = footer_msg.innerHTML + 'We use cookies' + ' and other data collection technologies' + ' to provide the best experience for our customers. You may request' + ' that your data not be shared with third parties here: ' + '<a href="#" onclick="window.__uspapi(\'displayUspUi\');"' + '>Do Not Sell My Data</a>' + '.'; // Add the 'ccpa-msg-added' class to the container for post message add styling. footer_msg.classList.add("ccpa-msg-added"); window.__uspapi('setUspDftData', 1, function(obj, status) { if (!status) { console.log("Error: USP string not updated!") } }); } }); } // Only get the IAB and Non-IAB vendor lists if the the Data layer push functionality // is enabled, otherwise we do not need the vendor lists. window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(getConfig, listenerSuccess) { vendors_getIABVendorList(); // Get global IAB vendor list vendors_getGoogleVendorList(); // Get google vendor list vendors_getNonIABVendorList(); // Get UTID specific Non-IAB vendors }); // CCPA ccpa_footerMsg(); // Add our main listener. window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(tcData,listenerSuccess) { if (listenerSuccess) { /** * User Visits: * 1st visit/no cookie = 'cmpuishown' called and then 'useractioncomplete' after user make their selection * Repeat visit/has cookie = only 'tcloaded' is called as the UI does not show unless the user clicks to show */ switch (tcData.eventStatus) { case 'cmpuishown': // Data Layer dlSend_tcLoaded(tcData); break; case 'tcloaded': // Data Layer if(tcData && tcData.gdprApplies) { dlSend_tcLoaded(tcData); dlSend_consentData(tcData); } break; case 'useractioncomplete': // Data Layer dlSend_consentData(tcData) break; } } }); })(); </script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.codeguru.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.codeguru.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/30969" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.codeguru.com/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" />  <script type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NR3XXWX8'); </script>  <script> window.tdb_global_vars = {"wpRestUrl":"https:\/\/www.codeguru.com\/wp-json\/","permalinkStructure":"\/%category%\/%postname%\/"}; window.tdb_p_autoload_vars = {"isAjax":false,"isAdminBarShowing":false}; </script> <style id="tdb-global-colors">:root{--accent-color:#fff}</style> <link rel="preload" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" as="script"> <script nodelay async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>  <script nodelay> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({"event":"CMS_Data","category":["database"],"keywords":[],"taxonomy":[]}); </script>   <script nodelay> window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; const fetchWithFallback = (request) => { return fetch(request, { cache: 'force-cache' }) .catch(e => e instanceof TypeError && e.message === "Failed to fetch" ? fetch(request, { cache: 'reload' }) : Promise.reject(e) ) } // NGT const ngt = fetchWithFallback('https://traction.technologyadvice.com/ngt/me') .then(res => res.json()) .then(data => window.googletag.cmd.push(() => { let user_agent = navigator?.userAgent ?? 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What does this software have to offer in terms of features, and...</div> <div class="td-editor-date"> <span class="td-author-date"> <a href="https://www.codeguru.com/author/estone/" aria-label="author-photo" class="td-author-photo"><img alt='Enrique Stone' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2096%2096'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset='https://assets.codeguru.com/uploads/2021/12/cropped-Website_Avatar__CodeGuru_3-192x192.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' data-lazy-src="https://assets.codeguru.com/uploads/2021/12/cropped-Website_Avatar__CodeGuru_3-96x96.png" /><noscript><img alt='Enrique Stone' src='https://assets.codeguru.com/uploads/2021/12/cropped-Website_Avatar__CodeGuru_3-96x96.png' srcset='https://assets.codeguru.com/uploads/2021/12/cropped-Website_Avatar__CodeGuru_3-192x192.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' /></noscript></a> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a 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